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The Blow-Up by Bryant Urstadt Page 36 the World Is Growing by More Than 70 Million People a Year

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The Blow-Up by Bryant Urstadt Page 36 the World Is Growing by More Than 70 Million People a Year THE AUTHORITY ON THE FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY November/December 2007 Twitter Founder www.technologyreview.com Evan Williams p44 Measuring the Polar Meltdown p54 MIT NEWS Outsmarting the Flu pM12 The Blow-Up By Bryant Urstadt Page 36 The world is growing by more than 70 million people a year. So is that a problem, or a solution? CHEVRON is a registered trademark of Chevron Corporation. The CHEVRON HALLMARK and HUMAN ENERGY are trademarks of Chevron Corporation. ©2007 Chevron Corporation. All rights reserved. With our planet’s population continuing to increase, and the quality of life for millions in the developing world improving daily, our demand for energy is also growing. And to meet everyone’s needs 25 years from now may take 50% more energy than we use today. Finding and developing all the fuel and power we need for our homes, businesses and vehicle s, while protecting the environment, could be one of the greatest challenges our generation will face. The key to ensuring success is found in the same place that created this need: humanity itself. When the unique spirit we all possess is allowed to flourish, mankind has proven its ability to take on, and overcome, any issue. It’s a spirit of hard work, ingenuity, drive, courage and no small measure of commitment. To success, to each other, to the planet. The problem…becomes the solution. This human energy that drives us to succeed has been there every day since the beginning. And it will be with us to shape many tomorrows to come. So join us in tapping the most powerful source of energy in the world. Ourselves. And watch what the human race can do. Contents Volume 110, Number 6 Features 36 The Blow-Up This summer, as a meltdown in the subprime credit market spilled over into other markets, all eyes were on the mathematically trained fi nancial engineers known as “quants.” Who are these guys? By Bryant Urstadt 44 What Is He Doing? Twitter is at the heart of the phenomenon called microblogging. Meet its founder, Evan Williams. By Kate Greene 54 Measuring the Polar Meltdown At a remote outpost in northern Greenland, scientists are attempting to resolve the central mystery of global warming. By David Talbot 60 Two Short Stories “Steve Fever,” by Greg Egan; “The Interoperation,” by Bruce Sterling 6 Contributors Hack Reviews 8 Letters 20 Google Earth 80 Trivial Pursuits 10 From the Editor How Google maps the world With microblogging services, the By Simson Garfi nkel mundane is the message. Forward By Jason Pontin 13 Financial Woes in Second Life Q&A 82 A Genetic Test for Diabetes Risk Fiscal crisis raises questions about 22 William Hurlbut Will it help make people healthier? how the game handles real money How to make embryonic By Emily Singer 14 Hidden Hearing Aid stem cells without embryos 84 The Talk of the Town: You Implant is convenient but doesnt By Michael Fitzgerald A new book helps us rethink privacy work as well as external hearing aids in an immodest age. 14 Seals as Sensors Notebooks By Mark Williams Elephant seals gather climate data 24 On Quants Demo 15 Networking the Hudson Financial engineers merely keep the Data from the river will create a markets running. 86 Virus-Built Electronics model for environmental monitoring By Daniel W. Stroock A new way to fabricate nanomaterials could mean batteries and solar cells 15 A Better Touch Screen 24 Friend Spam woven into clothing. In a Microsoft prototype, your fi ngers The founder of Friendster looks at By Kevin Bullis dont cover up what youre looking at the revolution he started. 16 3-D View of the Brain By Jonathan Abrams From the Labs New software for the operating room 25 Sea-Level Riddle 16 Battery Booster Determining how fast ice sheets 90 Nanotechnology Saving power in mobile devices are melting is critical to future policy 91 Information Technology 92 Biotechnology 17 Postglacial Rebound decisions. Better measurements of ice loss By Richard Alley 17 Better than High-Def 19 Years Ago in TR Graphic Story Get ready for high-contrast displays 96 The Bonfi re of the Automated 18 Featured Startup: EveryScape 26 Mission to Mars: A True Story Trading Strategies Company makes high-resolution From Mars Observer to Phoenix Computers effects on markets virtual streetscapes Story by Erica Naone remain controversial. And more ... Art by Tomer and Asaf Hanuka By Michael Patrick Gibson 2 CONTENTS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW november/december 2007 TechnologyReview.com Whats New on Our Website commentary on the latest research. breakout sessions online. Even if you Ed Boyden, an assistant professor did attend EmTech 2007, you might in the MIT Media Lab and MIT want to catch up on what you missed. Department of Biological Engineer- Its all here. ing, blogs about the rapidly devel- oping i eld of brain engineering. Boyden, a leading innovator in the i eld, develops and deploys novel tools that analyze and modify brain circuits to help correct aberrant activity. John technologyreview.com/ Maeda, a graphic designer, visual art- googleearth ist, and computer scientist at the MIT In this month’s Hack, we dissect the Media Lab, of ers insight on a unique popular online tool Google Earth and eclectic collection of design oddi- (p. 20). Experience a l y-through ties in his blog, Technohumanism. technologyreview.com/mars tour for yourself by visiting the Tech- Technology Reviews i rst graphic nology Review website. Videos show technologyreview.com/ story (“Mission to Mars,” p. 26) also how Google attempts to portray the emtech/videos/ gets special treatment online. Watch real world in three dimensions. Those who couldn’t make it to this the story of the Mars Observer unfold years EmTech, Technology Review, by scrolling from frame to frame in technologyreview.com/blog Inc.’s annual conference on emerging a Flash application. Got crayons? Technology Review has enlisted new technologies, can watch videos of all Download a black-and-white version expert bloggers to provide thoughtful its workshops, keynote speeches, and for your children to color. Think Smart. ThinkFire. Maximize the value of your inventions. If you believe your patents have signifi cant value, h inkFire can help you realize it. As the leading intellectual property strategy fi rm, h inkFire partners with patent owners of all sizes to sell or license their inventions. We charge no upfront fees. We get paid when you do. h inkFire has achieved more than $1.5 billion in sales, licenses and judgments for patent owners worldwide. TECHNOLOGYwww.thinkfi REVIEW september re.com/october 2007 For more information contact csommers@thinkfiTECHNOLOGYREVIEW re.com. .COM 3 Editor in Chief and Publisher Corporate Advertising Sales China, Hong Kong, Philippines, Jason Pontin Chief Financial Offi cer Senior Vice President and and Thailand Rick Crowley Director of Advertising Sales Herb Moskowitz Editorial Maureen Elmaleh [email protected] Chief Operating Offi cer 852-28-38-87-02 Editor [email protected] James Coyle David Rotman 303-975-6381 Japan Executive Assistant Deputy Editor Shigeru Kobayashi Leila Snyder Nate Nickerson New York and Northeast [email protected] Johanna Zottarelli-Duffe 813-3261-4591 Art Director Manager of Information Technology Colby Wheeler [email protected] Lee Caulfi eld 212-419-2824 South Korea Chief Correspondent Marketing S. Y. 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