CONTENTS. Comment. See no, Speak no, Hear no EVIL 3&4 BETTER ACTIVE TODAY THAN RADIOACTIVE TOMORROW News 5&6 S1zewell Diary 6 Atlantic Fisher caught 7 Recently there has been a marked trend towards despondency in the anti­ Appropr1ate 8&9 nuclear movement. Following the election of a government firmly committed to a nuclear future there has been an increasing atmosphere of helplessness. The Technology Sizewell Inquiry plods on to its predestined conclusion, CND has subtly shifted Reviews 10 to calls for a nuclear freeze and the Peace Camps have been criticised for wasting Obituaries 11 time and money to no end. Peace Camps report 11 Despite that, the fact still remains that actions speak louder than words. Diary 12 Greenpeace have been in the news recently and through their actions have gain­ Little Black Rabbit 12 ed far more support than they would have done had they just sat around mouth­ ing theories. And in the case of sea dumping, the NUS have blacked the Atlan­ tic Fisher, and \'{ill strike if the military are used to circumvent their blockade. This magazine is produced for the Anti­ Direct Action works, not only in the physical sense, but also as a focus and a Nuclear, Safe Energy and Disarmament visible basis for support. If the movement is to succeed it needs popular support, movements in Britain by the Scottish Cam­ paign to Resist the Atomic Menace. and given the present political situation words are not enough to generate that support. The powers that be will crumple leaflets Into the bin until the cows SCRAM , 11 Forth Street, Edinburgh 1. come home. They cannot disregard Direct Actions in the same fashion. (031 557 4283 1. We welcome contributions. We must now begin to direct even more energy, money and resources towards ISSN 0140 7340 gquipping and exe.."'ling nonviolent direct actions. Despite the forces ranged Cover photo: Allan Gre1g. Greenpeace against us we can still win. The future lies with all of us; don' t lose it by default. Typesetting by Joy Leys at S.C.P . 30 This is a good place to thank all our friends and supporters who have given so Gnndlay St., Edinburgh 3. (031 229 3574). generously to our '83 Appeal. We are very heartened that, while obviously the Distribution by Scottish and Northern priority for most is to rid Britain and Europe of nuclear missiles, there is still Books 01stnbul1on Co-op, 48a Ham11ton support for a strong_and persistent campaign against nuclear power. PI • Edinburgh 3. (031 225 4950), and by Full T1me Distribution. 17 Balfe St.. We are still well short of the sum we really need to sustain our work and so London N 1. (01 837 1 460) welcome any further donations. Please also encourage your friends to consider subscribing to SCRAM and supporting our work. Thank you.

Rosyth Womens' Peace Camp, Llmpetness, Rosyth, Fife. watching, and was arrested Immediately. MoO pohce had arrived immediately on the scene but had not been able to break the Dear SCRAM strength of the circle of women. Now that We set up the Rosyth Womens· Peace we were "dead", however, we were dragg­ Camp on May 22nd, in time for the Inter­ ed into three police vans and dumped out­ national Womens' Day for Disarmament on Side the base. We then created havoc at the May 24th. We came to create a new locus gates. whooping, singing, forming circles for the Scottish Peace Movement and to and snakes, unlll the woman still being draw peoples' attention to the nuclear held was released. threat on their own doorstep: the area IS We are already planning our next action riddled with Military bases - Rosyth whtch will be a sponsored fast and vigil at Naval Base Itself refits Polaris Nuclear the gates of the Base from midnight on Submarines (each refit costs £105 million). Hiroshima day to midday on Nagasak1 11 Is also very likely that Trident will come da>, when we will walk from the base to the here. centre of Dunfermline with banners, to Pitreavie Castle. two m lies away, houses leaflet and to sing songs. the second Polaris 'Button' in a 12011 ... We also want to organise a major Scot­ bunker. This would be used after the • Alternative to Defence Expenditure· pro­ ttsh Peace Rally for October In Edinburgh, NATO One bunker Northwood, in M iddle­ posals. on the day that the Scottish MPs meet at sex, has been ••vapourised". Pilreavie is We have so tar had two Actions, the first the Assembly Rooms. also the Principal NATO Command Centre was a Vigil on May 24th at the gates of the Please write or visll us to share ideas, for Air and Surface Space between the Base The second Action was at the Rosyth hopes and tears. Women. please come and North Sea and the North Pole . it has a Annual Opening Days, on July 9th and stay tor a few days as we need your help considerable Air - Fighting Force which 10th. On Saturday 9th we did street theatre and energy. Yours in Peace and Love. the may include USAF F1-11s. The other at the gates and gave out leaflets. That Rosyth Women. pnnciple military site in Fife is Crombie, a evening women from Glasgow. Edinburgh, vast underground Ammunit iOn Depot, 3 Fife and Greenham gathered round the miles from here. about which little is camp tire to discuss what acllon could be known. done lns1de the Base the next Clay. ITALIAN CONSULATE OCCUPIED The Dockyard itself employs over 7,000 We decided on a die-in as the most effec­ On 22nd July 25 people occupted the Italian people, mostly from this area. The other tive counter demonstration to this glorifica­ Consulate In Edinburgh, In solidarity with the major employers are Marconi Space and tion of war and violence. 42 women ming­ occupation that day at the Comiso Cruise missile Defence and Ferrantl. This dependence of led with the crowds on Sunday afternoon site, Sicily . Protestors gained access to a large so many people on military institutions Is and converged on a cleared area at 3 p.m. first lloor room In the Consulate, while others distributed leaflets outside our biggest problem. We need to dispel the just after a fighllng display had finished. After • myth that the Peace M ovement "threatens W e formed a large circle and sang the over an jobs". and spread information as to how Hiroshima song and then we had our die­ and we In. Two women ch alked round the outlines military technology could be converted to Edlncu ll!r-'!I'I'P;~ socially useful purposes (see the Vlckers of our bodies to represent the shadows of and Lucas Workers' proposals). Fife Trade those vapourlsed at Hiroshima. One Unions are already working on their own woman made our statement to the crowd 2 ' speak no ' hear no EVIL

The Sizewelllnquiry. which has just finished its 2-month sitting in London. has already surpassed the 1 00-day Windscale Inquiry. Thousands of documents have been submitted and really the critical examination of the CEGB case for the Pressurised Water Reactor has only just begun. At the Inquiry the nuclear industry has projected a uniform enthusiasm for the PWR. Rob Edwards, co-ordinator of CND's case atthe Inquiry and author of The Plutomum Connection: Sizeweii'B' and the Bomb (75p plus 20p from Smiling Sun) has been looking behind the scenes. He has found a disturbing authoritarian trend in the industry. suppressing dissident voices and curtailing essential scientific debate:-

John Taylor lives in a caravan right These individuals were all concerned beside Windscale where he worked for with aspects of nuclear safety and all tried Or Ross Hesketh 16 years. He is a victim of the nuclear to raise their concerns in a proper and 1959: started work as a research physicist for honest manner. The industry's reaction . the CEGB at Berkeley Nuclear Research Lab industry, forced out, he believes, be­ in Gloucestershire. cause of his attempts to improve was to criticise their work, propose trans­ ferals and impose punitive sanctions. 1981: wrote to The Times saying that propos­ safety conditions. Like Trevor Brown, ed sale of plutonium to America would lead Rodney Fordham and Ross Hesketh, The four men have a number of shared to nuclear weapons proliferation blurring the characteristics: self-confidence, a some­ distinction between nuclear power and nu­ he is one of the small but growing times abrasive refusal to compromise, a clear weapons, in which he had believed for band of nuclear dissidents- employees healthy disrespect for authority and a 21 years; disciplined for using CEGB headed whose conscience obliged them to passionate belief that they should work for paper. speak out and who were severely the public good. They are all embittered April 1982: published a detailed scientific paper which argued forcibly against the pro­ punished for their pains. by their experiences, alarmed at the ex­ posed sale to the US - a deal that now tent of official secrecy, highly critical of appears to have been dropped. the nature of scientific research in the Oct. 1982: gave a paper to a conference on industry and are deeply concerned about Sizewell which sought to prove that pluton­ John Taylor nuclear energy. ium sent to America in the past had been used in American weapons in spite of 1966: started work as ananalyticalchemist at government denials; and which urged that the Windscale and Calder Hall nuclear works no more nuclear power stations be built in Cumbria, now run by British Nuclear NEW PHENOMENON until international proliferation safeguards Fuels ltd (BNFL). Nuclear dissidents have become a famil­ had been radically overhauled. 1975: moved to the Technical Investigations iar part of the public debate in the United Feb. 1983: on BBC radio accused the govern­ Section of the Health Physics and Safety States. But it is only recently that nuclear ment of misleading the public over the uses Department to work on a new generation of workers in Britain have expressed public of plutonium; a few days later, was summon­ radiation dosimeters. doubts. These rlissidents feel that the in­ ed by the CEGB and accused of poor person­ 1979: wrote a 150-page report on the storage dustry is becoming more authoritarian and al discipline. of spent fuel which concluded that it would April 1983: told the press that he had been be possible to reduce the amount of radioac­ less tolerant of criticism. They point to men like Sir Waiter Marshal!, until recent­ subject to a CEGB "Kangeroo court• and was tive effluent discharged into the sea by im­ being tried for his views on plutonium. proving measures for limiting fuel corrosion. ly boss of the UK Atomic Energy Authority May 1983: disciplined for talking to the 1980: wrote two reports on the radioactive (UKAEA) and now chairman of the Cen­ press, threatened with dismissal and refused contamination and laundering of factory tral Electrical Generating Board (CEGB), pay increase on the grounds that his work clothing, one of which suggested a possible as part of this trend. was "unsatisfactory•. means of improving the washing process to June 1983: sacked, say the CEGB, for his re­ reduce contamination and improve safety Marshal! surrounds himself with like­ minded men: the former director of the fusal to move to a new job which he regarded conditions for workers; the reports were re­ as demotion. jected by BNFL. UKAEA's Safety and Reliability Director­ 1981: accused by management of writing ate John Collier, and their former press Because he expressed publicly doubts about reports that are "difficult to understand" and officer, Peter Vey, both followed Marshal! Britain's plutonium dealings Ross Hesketh, of misinterpreting data. to senior appointments at the CEGB. The father of four, is now unemployed. He is Jan. 1982: transferred to another job at helping CND put their case to the Sizewell Windscale, now renamed Sellafield. new part-time chairman of the UKAEA, Inquiry. "The nuclear industry is becoming June 1982: alleged to his director that there Sir Peter Hirsch, is also a "Marshal! man". more and more unsound" he said. "People had been a "cover up" of his evidence and As many of them come, like Marshal!, from can take this for a while, I can take it for a that the workforce was being exposed to Wales they have become known in the while, but there comes a point where you more radiation than was necessary. industry as "The Taffia". can't take it any longer. it's not what you're Aug. 1982: threatened to go public with his More surprisingly the dissidents argue there for, not what you 're living for and it allegations; a few days later was asked to leaves you feeling dirty. • transfer to the Technical Records Section that the industry has become submissive where he would be subject to security to the will of government. According to clearance. Fordham, the UKAEA is now the Sept. 1982: resigned. "creature" of the Department of Energy, POLITICAL PRESSURES 1983: took his case to an Industrial Tribun­ uncritically accepting official policies, Tory government's enthusiasm for all al, argued that he had, in effect, been un­ many of which are inoperable. "The con­ things nuclear and its now complete fairly dismissed, and lost. tact between the Department and the dominance have clearly made the situa­ John Taylor is 49, single and unemployed. "I UKAEA is at the top level and nobody tion worse. Hesketh for example believes am forced to conclude" he commented, that within the organisation dare tell the top that his dismissal was "quite inevitable" honestly seeking to perform an honest job man that anything is wrong" he said. "If from the start. "lt's not the industry's is not required." they did, it would affect their career pros­ fault that it is becoming anti-scientific" he pects. n said. "lt is now and has been for a long

SCRAM Journal August I September '83 3 time under considerable pressure from successive governments. • Although each dissident believes that he had the support of colleagues too frighten­ ed to speak out, there Is a question as to how representative they are of opinion within the industry. The debate over the proposed Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) for Slzewell ' B' provides an answer. There have been fierce battles over the reactor type Britain would adopt. The two main contenders being the American PWR and the Brltlsh-designed Advanced Gas­ cooled Reactor (AGR). But since the Size­ well Inquiry set in motion last year, there has been little public indication of the deep divisions within the Industry. Ranks have closed and the anti-PWR lobby has been silenced. PWR SAFETY DOUBTS Rodney Fordham - himself a consistent critic of PWR safety (•They could too easily explode• he says)- believes that half the UKAEA staff are critical of the PWR. Even the head of the Northern Division, Tom Marsham, is said to be a PWR sceptic. Of course the UKAEA has been the main developer and promoter of the AGR so the government's rejection of this design is a severe blow. Combined with un­ certainty over the fast breeder reactor it At least two of the IPCS authors retain Rodney Fordham raises questions about the credibility and 1155: started work as a physicist for the UK future of the Authority. The South of Scot­ their doubts. Or Alan Quirk, a scientist In the Structural Mechanics Section of the Atomic Energy Authority. ~ land Electricity Board also has reservations 1911: joined the Safeguards Division of the - about the PWR and promotes the AGR. Safety and Reliability Directorate, co­ Authority's Health and Safety Branch (now authored a report, codenamed SAD R224, In 1978 nuclear engineer members of the the Safety and Reliability Directorate) as a challenging Marshall's assumptions on senior safety engineer. Responsible for Institute of Professional Civil Servants the likelihood of crack growth. The risk of (IPCS) prepared a detailed technical cri­ advising on the safety of 18 reactors. a catastrophic rupture of the pressure 1978: gravely concerned about the lnade­ tique of the UKAEA 's major work, under vessel and the consequent release of large quat.e institutional and technical safety Waiter Marshal!, on a key safety Issue- the quantities of radioactivity could, he be­ measures adopted or planned by the Author­ integrity of the PWR pressure vessel. The lieves, be greater than previously estimat­ ity. especially on fast reactors and the IPCS report said that the failure of nuclear pressurised water reactor, requested trans­ ed. Only after the suppression of this feral to non-nuclear safety work. pressure vessels •could lead to a large toss report was exposed (see New s ..t ..man 4 of lives and ... jeopardise the role of nu­ 1982: Invited to address the Issues at the and 25 March 1983) did the UKAEA pro­ Slzeweil Inquiry conference. UKAEA sa.id clear power•. They strongly criticised vide a copy of SAD R224 to the Sizewell his text would have to be vetted by the Auth­ Marshall's study for underestimating the Inquiry. ority; refused to accept this and felt unable to risks. attend the conference. Simultaneously he The main author of the IPCS report was was summoned by management and accused of "Ineffectual• work - a charge he strongly Trevor Brown R T Ackroyd, now a manager in the Cen­ rebutted. tral Technical Services section of the 1MI: started work as a chemist on atomic Sept. 1M2: feeling harassed and mistreated , UKAEA at Risley in Cheshire. He Is a he was forced Into early retirement. energy at Sprlngflelds near Preston. TUC-nominated member of the Advisory 1155-tO: Intimately Involved In the develop­ Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Instal­ Rodney Fordham, father of two, Is now un­ ment of Britain's H-bomb. employed. He is helping the Town and 1111: sent to Atomic Weapons Research lations (ACSNI) which advises the Health Country Planning Association with their Establishment , Aldermaston, to Improve and Safety Executive. critique of PWR safety at the Sizewell In­ safety conditions. quiry. "lt's very sad• he said "that people 1173: elected Liberal county councillor for PWR: MORE RADIATION who encounter things that they find ethically Newbury (East). unacceptable are doomed as a result. That 1178: constituents, some of them safety Minutes of a recent TUC meeting with should not be. That Is social Injustice of the experts at Aldermaston, asked him to query ACNSI trade union representatives reveal worst kind. • delays In implementing safety procedures. that Ackroyd is concerned about the un­ 1177-78: petty harassment by his employers predictable effect of steam in the cooling over councillor duties. systems of a PWR. He says there are WRONG DECISION LIKELV Aug. 1978: all work involving radioactivity "inevitable inadequacies• In the theore­ Like other UKAEA employees, Aokroyd at Aldermaston halted - 3 workers had two to tical models used to predict the behaviour Is forbidden to talk to the press. He cer­ four times the permitted levels of plutonium of the pressure vessel under extreme con­ In their lungs. tainly will not be giving evidence to the Oct. 1978: official enquiry concluded that ditions and the risk of a major reactor Sizewell Inquiry. In the light of the fate safety conditions at the site were Inadequate. accident Is unacceptably high. Apparently suffered by Fordham, Hesketh and others, Many buildings closed. he had to threaten a minority report in and the UKAEA 's official support for the 1NO: Brown again criticised safety condi­ order to force ACSNI to state these doubts PWR, he must feel anxious about his tions at Aldermaston, this time on BBC in Its report on PWR safety last year. future In the indury. In the circumstances, N-anloht; severely reprimanded for the his reticence, and that of other PWR • public expression of views on official critics still on the inside, is perfectly under­ matters• . He believes that PWRs are intrinsi­ 1981: passed over for promotion, and threat­ cally more difficult to control under fault standable. But the result is that we are all ened with transferal, he resigned. conditions, and more likely to cause signi­ being deprived of the ability to make open So, despite correctly and legitimately raising ficantly higher levels of radiation exposure and honest disagreements between experts justified doubts about plutonium safety amongst maintenance staff than AGRs. He being suppressed . That makes it all the Trevor Brown, father of three and recenlly advocates major design changes for the more likely that the wrong decisions will a widower, is now unemployed. The National PWR , such as the use of a pre-stressed be taken - decisions with potentially dis­ council for Civil Liberties Is taking his case pressure vessel and the replacement of astrous consequences. to the European Court of Human Rights. "I the zircaloy fuel cladding with stainless Rob Edwardt wonder• he said, "whether I would not have steel to avoid the problem of •fuel Rob Edwards Is the Scottish correspondent of done better had I been an upper class spy ballooning•. He recognises that such modi­ rather than a working class patriotic scien­ the New Stat"man and a version of this tist. • fications would substantially increase article has already appeared in the N­ costs. Stat"man. 4 SCRAM Journal August/September '83 Don't Laugh Nail in the coffin? ~

Slow breeder reactor? The South of Scotland Electricity Board The Clinch River fast breeder reactor are planning to rub salt Into the wounds of Death Deals Is in deep trouble again In the US Con­ the Scottish Coal Mining Industry by re­ gress, and Its chances of survival seem ducing the amount of coal they buy on the smaller than ever before. The House of home market. Representatives have not given any fund­ The National Coal Board's sales to the Fuelling the French Bomb? SSEB have already fallen from 7.8 million ing for the project, after the current fin­ Plutonium in the core of the Super­ ancial year ends In September, In their tonnes In 1981/82 to 5.5 million tonnes In phenix fast breeder reactor under con­ energy appropriations bill passed In June. 1982/83. (See SCRAM Journal No. 36). struction at Malvllle In Southern France, The funding could be restored as the bill The SSEB have traditionally bought 90% of will come from Italy, West Germany, passes through the Senate, but last year Its coal from the NCB, but their contract Belgium, and the Netherlands, as well as the Senate saved Clinch River's funding comes up for renewal this September. They France. This plutonium is not subject to by only one vote. now want to cut that percentage to 80% International safeguards and could be used If the funding is cut, the project could and buy the rest from the world market. for nuclear weapons production. Forty-five still be saved later this year when the kilos of fissile plutonium have already been Reagan Administration Is expected to pro­ sold to Cogema for Its fast breeder pro­ pose a new plan calling for a larger con­ gramme by the Dutch utility PZEM. tribution from private Investors. However According to Commissariat a I'Energle this doesn't look very likely to succeed. Atomlque (CEA) Chairperson Mlchel Private Industry has so far committed it­ Pecqueur, " France has two kinds of nu­ self to spend just $150 million on the clear materials: those that are free for any· project which la expected to cost a total of use, and those that can be used only for $4,000 million. $1,500 million has already peaceful purposes under International been spent. agreements. • Examples of the latter are Electrical RevieW, 24.8.83 natural uranium from Australia and en­ riched uranium from the United States. Nuclear materlala uaed or prod~~«*~ In the core or _blanket of the Superphenlx be. long to the former, ,,.....,.. cat.gory and are not subject to 'peaceful' uae on-· Very Tweee • atralnts. •France has the option, •Pac• HUGE STOCKPILES queur says, •to use the free materials for ' our military programmes. • IT'S ALL AN ACT The Electricity Board has recently been The new Energy Acl has received Royal buying In more coal from Scottish pits Pu FOR SEVERAL DOZEN BOMBS Assent. The Act allows existing and new than it needs. But with stockpiles now equivalent to 20 weeks of winter burning, France's planned nuclear weapons private generators to use for the first time this policy cannot continue. (There are 55 modernisation programme will require the public transmission and distribution million tons of coal stockpiled nationally.) large quantities of high-grade plutonium. system to transmit their electricity. it is Inevitably, with the SSEB determined to The Idea of producing military plutonium hoped that this will encourage more Indus­ In the Superphenix Is seductive Indeed. tries to turn to Combined Heat and Power. cut their fuel costs more Scottish pits will lose their major customer and will face the The blanket of a breeder reactor is the best The Act obliges Electricity Boards to place to produce bomb-grade Pu-239 In a purchase electricity from private genera­ axe. Pressure for more closures has come re­ large quantity, because it doesn't disrupt tors; allows any company to set up and the operation of the reactor. A breeder supply electricity as a main business, re­ cently from the Monopolies Commission. the pits most at risk are the 70 throughout converts •useless• plutonium (mostly Pu- moving existing statutory restrictions; and 240) In its core Into "useful• plutonium it obliges the Electricity Boards to adopt Britain which lose more than £10 on every (high in fissile Pu-239) in its blanket of and support CH P schemes. The Act also ton of coal they produce. Five of these are U-238. Superphenix could produce a third allows private suppliers to get the full In Scotland. Apart from Cardowan, near of a tonne of weapons plutonium per year value for any electricity which they sell to Glasgow, which is scheduled to close in Its blanket - enough for several dozen the Boards. with the loss of 1090 jobs, the others are bombs. The Tory Government are pledged to Barony and Kllloch In Ayrshire and Comrle Institute an Energy Efficiency Office to and Frances In Fife. More nuclear power WISE, 10.5.83 pull together the energy conservation stations -whether Torness and Heysham 11 efforts of a wide range of government de­ or the proposed Slzewell PWR - will savagely reduce the coal-burn with drama­ For further Information on Fuelling the French partments, Including the Department of Bomb read •eooema Aor-t: s..-n con­ Energy. But the plan seems to be nothing tic long-term social and economic conse­ trlbu'" to Franc.'• NuciMr Weapont" by more than a job creation exercise for sign quences In the British coalfields. ,Jorgen Nielson from WISE - COpenhagen, painters. There will be no real Increase In Sunday Slandlrd, 2t.8.13 (RIP) Ryesgad.e 19, 2200Copenhagen. £11ncl. p&p. the Government's commitment to the effi­ cient use of energy. The weapons are built by private Indus­ USELESS "SIGNALS" A Cosy Prorn: try at seven government-owned factories The emphasis will still be on encourag­ around the USA. Research Is done and Ing people to respond to the market. The N-Weapons bualn..... booming chectted at three state laboratories. Then Government's main objective will be:- The US Government is building more nu­ they are evaluated at the Nevada teat •... to help Industry and domestic con­ clear weapons than at any time since the site. There were 19 announced tests last sumers alike to respond sensibly to energy early 1960's. A lthough the number of year, the highest total since 1970. The en­ price signals. • weapons In the US stockpile Is ciasalfled, tire programme la run by the Energy De­ experts estimate that there are about partment, and not the Pentagon as is This Isn't much comfort for poorer fuel 26,000 weapons, with a further 17,000 to be widely assumed. Its 1964 budget for consumers whose Immediate priority Is added over the next decade. Some of the weapons will rise from $5.5 billion to $6.8 paying fuel bills. In 1979, for example, it new weapons will replace obsolete ones, billion. was reported that 37% of households In but the total stockpile will rise to about Private companies Involved In weapons receipt of supplementary benefit were 32,000. Include Bendlx which makes non-nuclear dependent on expensive electric central components; Du Pont which operates a heating. Such households are also least At least 15 types of warheads are now tritium plant; General Electric; Monsanto; likely to benefit from government grants being produced, Including the W-76 for the Rockwell which runs a plutonium produc­ for loft Insulation, because they are unable Trident missile, the W-78 for the Minute­ tion plant; and Union Carbide which makes even to afford their contribution towards man Ill missile and the W-87 for the MX uranium and metal components. the bill. missile. No Nuolear Newt, June/July 1M3 SCRAM Journal Auguat/S.ptember '13 5 months ago, says that the waste should be NIREXcess. at least 100 feet underground: "The problems with storing it at ground level are that it might leak, that the con­ Waste piles up tainers could be fractured if there was a The Government is ready to take urgent war, or that a plane could crash into it. action to deal with the 35,000 cubic metres The consequences would be disastrous." of 'intermediate' radioactive waste cur­ rently being stored in Britain. Most of the 140 Arrested. intermediate waste is kept at Windscale, The Government proposes that the where there have been several reported first underground storage facility should On June 4th, 5,000 people demonstrated leakages. One leakage which started in be available in five years. NIREX (the Nu­ their opposition and commitment to cancel 1979 from one of the stainless steel tanks clear Industry Radio-active Waste Execu­ the 99% complete Shoreham nuclear reac­ is still unrepaired. Some of the waste, tive) is expected to identify several loca­ tor (Long Island, U.S.A.). however is stored at power station sites. tions in Britain where intermediate waste Every year the nuclear industry creates cou Id be stored safely. The experts seem to 2,000 cubic metres of intermediate waste. think that when this is done, the Govern­ The 3rd annual report by the Radioactive ment will allow test-drilling to go ahead. Waste Management Advisory Committee says that this waste has now become an ... IN CLAY urgent problem and it should be stored Dr. Bowie says that in his op1n1on the underground. The Department of the safest place for storage of intermediate Environment appear to have accepted the waste would be clay. The main clay belts conclusions of the report, and are regard­ in the UK are in England from Yorkshire ing the problem of •safely' storing the to Lyme Regis and in Scotland a clay belt waste with urgency. runs from Helensburgh to Stonehaven and another runs from Girvan to Edin­ 100FEETDOWN ... burgh. Or. Stanley Bowie, a nuclear geologist, Isn't London built on clay too? who resigned from the Committee ten Sunday Standard 26.6.83 [RIP]

The action, organised by the Stop Shore­ ham Campaign, began with a march through town led by the "Flame of Life", a lantern symbolising on-going local opposi­ tion throughout a recent 100-day vigil at the gates of the station. e,lt.EWELI- PIARY Next day 150 people participated in a nonviolent sit-in at the 3 main gates. 140 . apital investment 60 unresolved hazards. ectorate have given people were arrested and later released. The CEGB's latest med•umterm cld b "prudent'' to The Nuclear Installation~ lni~ which they say that This action marked the end of the vigil, t they believe 1t wou e plan shows t h a val to enable it to make a start thei.r ev1dence to th~ •nqu ~~s thatrernain unresolved. but while the constant presence is over, obtain government approt tions including Sizewell B. there are s1xty-odd sa:~ •r e a license can be given to people plan to continue wi-th a weekly on eight nucle~r pow~r :~mit ~it her the Board or the that must be resolve et~;re are six major issues that Saturday vigil until the station is cancelled. Sizewell B. In partiCU 1ar. . chan es and another by 1990. Th•s d~~sn :i~ing or the reactor-type. but Government to e has a programme of will involve significan~. des~~ngnifica~t' 'is defined as shows that the Boardk clea;li'he CEGB indicated that three that are border m~- £,'5 million to resolve, so Opposition to Shoreham • now 10 years costing between £5:ndd up to £90 million to the PWR's in m•nd. Mr Ba e;,: n assembled on the basis 1 late and 10 times over budget - has, the mvestme~t plan. had h ~osting £1.228 million. these problems couS ah an addition to the cost of the persisted for years. Long Island peopie of 'replicated PWR s eac cost of the reactor. uc . of the National Nuclear re'IK:tor would, m the VIew mics of the Sizewell have signed petitions, lobbied their repre­ Corporation. bnng the econo sentatives, testified, sued, written letters, project into question. distributed information and demonstrated. Jumping the gun. R's could be built at Oruridge . nment" - Final. . . The biggest obstacle for Shoreham is Oneofthesefutur~~ April·it was revealed that Ad 1 "No JOUr red for an indehn•te that before it can operate it requires a Bay in Northumber an · n 1 bu ing a 700 acre farm Friends of the Earth a~~noftheinquiry,backin the Board are in the pr~cess ~ort~umberland County adjournmentof~he~~~~~~l ~he information it needs License. This requires an emergency plan near Widdnngton VI a~- ncillor lan Swithenbank January, unt•l t e k decision on the licensmg of for the area accepted by Nuclear Regula­ Planning Chalrperso~. t ~~ese revelations "I find •t from the CEGB toma ea Nil isnotexpectedtobeable tory Commission (NRC). said he was stunne . a Sizewelllnquiry is at such the Sizewell B des•gn. ~~or 1985. Whether or not the objectionable that wh~: ~~~ure of PWR' s at stake. the to do thiS until late 1 9 I Standards would seem to be an early stage, w•th t land and making detailed PWRmeetsBntlshSa etv. . but this cannot be However the county government con­ . rt of the 1nqu1ry. . Board should be buy.ng upB The Board seemed to an 1mportant pa . n is safe enough to license. ducted a study showing the plan imposs­ investigations at Orundg~ha~ihe Sizewelll nquiry is a established until the des~ . eply Sir Frank Layfield. ible for the heavily-populated area sur­ be working on the b~~·s in June FoE finally got t :•r rded. not to allow the rounding the reactor. The builders, Long foregone conclusion. the inquiry Inspector . e':m failto test the Sizewell Island Lighting Company (LILCO) have · s Stable - NCB. . adjournment. Standards as has been I P I Central Planning at the NatiOna 1 S~ t~e ~n~~;~y disregarded this and the three bodies are Coa nee . PWR aga1nst n IS . Government Ministers. Mr. Parker. director o . that coal demand in Europe promised by success1ve now involved in a raging procedural battle. Coal Board. told the mqu~rJ 7 .3 despite the rise in oil Meanwhile, the local campaigners re­ has been stat•c smc~derabl~ over-capacity and new All mixed up · · · · B ker who was also cross· main dedicated to the reactor's cancella­ prices. There 1s cons mbia and South Africa w•ll 1 Finally back to J~nad~itt~d thar PlutoniuiT' from tion. A spokesperson said:- sources from Poland. Co u mpetitive for the foresee· e~m·~ed by CND. . . r nuclear reators is not kept ensure that prices rema.nde~ the could not accept the Bntam s c•v•l and mll•ta ~ . sisted that this does not "We believe it is also important to keep able future. Mr. Parker sa• a ses for coal in synthetic physically separate; but. e m sed t~ make bombs.... up direct citizen pressure through demon­ CEGB's arguments that ne-:,~uld increase demand. mean that civi.l plu~omum IS und the military reactors at strations of this sort. We have taken this oil and gas production I rices are central to the The waste for CIVIl reactors a e reprocessed together action at this time to show that many of us Assumptions about nsm?t ~T~e NCB is not formally Calder Hall and Chapelcross arsing it is impossible to remain totally committed to preventing CEGB's case for S•z~w~ut Mr. Parker's evidence has at Windscale. After repro~~':nes from which reactor. Shoreham from opening. While we support objectmg to S•zewed. · the CEGB' s case · · · · identify wh•ch pluthomu;ow by calculation how much clearly helped to un erm•ne but the Board say t ey n the legislative and legal actions against belongs to them. the plants operating we realise that there . . about generating costs came · "Reactions"· is a reasonable chance that those measures An interest.ng po.nt . fMr BakeroftheCEGB. Subscnbe to n issue like the Sizewell will fail. We're serving notice on LILCO Normally we would but there is an excellent out of the cross exa:~t•o~ ~ad p~blished a document c~vert~ with these actions that the legislature and He announced that t oar . Costs" which showed Inquiry in much greater ~PRe~ctions being produced intervenor's actions are not the end of the "Analysis of Generat.ng ' been magazine called S•zewe r AllianceagainstNuclear ea 11e d . costs have a 1ways struggle." that Magnox generatmg rrent overnment discount fortnightly by the EastA:~:C~ibe to Sizewell Reactions WISE, June '83. higher than coal, us•Sng cu th ~myth about nuclear Power. lnd•v•dualsAAAcan~p 2 St. Helens St. Ipswich. es of 5 per cent. o ano e for £5. Wnte to E rat . .t has been officially killed off. SCRAM Journal August/ September '83 6 electnc• V ATLANTIC FISHER CAUGHT.

WASTE DUMPING DEMONSTRATIONS 1983 The 25-nation meeting ofthe London Dumping Convention this February voted for a 2 year moratorium on the ocean dumping of radioactive wastes. Britain immediately Ireland were not announced that it would ignore the ban. So anti-sea dumping groups prepared their forgotten by the speakers. campaigns to oppose the annual dump. Spaniards say a firm NO. In previous years nonviolent actions have Half way through the speeches we heard been mounted at Sharpness docks on the bagpipes and a vast green banner inscribed Severn estuary; and at the Atlantic dump site. with Spanish anti nuclear slogans appeared. Greenpeace have attempted to physically stop ADEGA. a Galician anti sea dumping movement. the dumping from the Gem. To counter Green­ arrived after three days on the road, only one peace, NIREX (Nuclear Industry Radioactive hour late. They lifted the whole spirit of the Waste Executive - a consortium including celebration with their chants of solidarity and UKAEA, BNFL &the Electricity Boards) decided smiles. The diet of speeches was varied a little to modify a bigger ship - Atlantic Fisher. to with music from Kick City, a band from Banwell, enable the crew to dump waste barrels through Avon, who gave their services free. the hull rather than over the side from special platforms. This conversion was announced the The overall feeling was one of cautious optimism week before the LDC. and the figure of £500,000 verging on manic euphoria! The 1983 dump is was mentioned for the modifications. postponed; the Atlantic polluter remains in Barrow; thousands of tons of concrete contain­ Much has happened since the LDC meeting; ing radiactive material remain marooned in of the countries which dump nuclear waste into Didcot The Unions. arm-in-arm with assorted the oceans. Switzerland has deCided to stop anti nuclear, peace, and conservation groups. next year. Belgium is to get the U K to dump its have put egg on Maggie Thatcher's face less waste, Holland and Spain have stopped and than one month after her quasi-democratic Japan is to abide by the ruling. In March the landslide victory. The press is saying nowt- a National Union of Seamen demanded a ban on .. sure sign that we have won a battle• dumping. and in April they received the support .. of the transport unions - NUR. ASLEF & Continue and Increase Pressure TGwu· The next step in the sea dumping campaign is to support the Early Day Motion in Parliament Seafarers Black Wa:ste Ship .. Our task is to bring increasing pressure on our On the 21st June, nine members of the NUS .. MP' s to support the motion. The debate is just obeyed the Union's call and refused to sign up beginning and I would like to summarise it so with the Atlantic Fisher docked at Barrow-in­ far. Furness; the Union 'rewarded' the men by placing them at the top of their future jobs list The Nuclear Industry states that there is no This was done because jobs are rather rare and scientific evidence of harm to edible fish arising "a Thatcherite DHSS official may take a hard from the dumping. an absence of evidence not line with some of the nine" for not accepting the unconnected to the fact that no environmental first job chance said John Nelson, NUS National surveillance has been carried out - the evidence Other anti dumping actions included: Officer. Mr. Nelson, NUS National Officer indicated is theoretical. derived from computer models Spanish & Belgian protestors chained themselves that Spain is very disturbed about Britain's using incomplete oceanographic concepts. As to the headquarters of the UKAEA in London on the (theoretical) likelihood of contamination is refusal to accept a 2 year moratorium. He was 6th July as a protest against the authority's quoted in the Daily Telegraph as saying "I am dumping plans - 22 were arrested. small, the Authorities see no need to check by given to understand from Spanish affiliates that observation - scientific methodology turned British embassies and Consulates were blocked on its head! the Spanish Navy is prepared to send out in New Zealand. Belgium. Denmark and the Nether­ vessels to prevent the dumping if necessary". lands on 11th July, the day the UK dumping was Atlantic Dumpsite: "Cesspool". So, Atlantic Fisher remained in dock and supposed to I:Jeb'~ 1 !'iO,OOO people demonstrated in One of the more telling arguments taken from Spain and dustbins were emptied on the doorsteps phase one of the opposition was complete. a report. on the evaluation of the dump site by of a least eight UK Embassies and Consulates. the Nuclear Energy Association for the OECD. is Nevertheless. the anti dumping groups had British Airways head office and the office of a organised a demonstration at Sharpness for British bank. both in Madrid, had windows broken. the admission that "the partial or complete Sunday July 3rd. Richard Lawson of the destruction of local benthic fauna (sea bottom Support for the opposition stand has come from: animals) cannot be excluded". 1t is an ecological Campaign Against Sea Dumping describes the France- the CFDT seamen's union has called on demonstration and suggests how to take the the French government to send a boat to stop the law that if one life form is destroyed, its place campaign on from here:- dumping; will be taken by another; the European dumping site may become a reservoir of rapidly mutating Brilliant sunshine, calm seas and good spirits Ireland - one boat is expected to take part in bacteria which could provide a cess pool of as we put the CASD inflatable into the muddy protests; Spain - two boats are expected: diseases for all ocean life. While this possiblity waters of the Severn Estuary and set off to meet The Merchant Navy Officers' Association has remains uninvestigated any continuation of the the Greenpeace ship 'Cedarlea·. How much told its 11 members not to sail the Atlantic Fisher dump must be regarded as unscientific, criminal more pleasant it is to greet this triumphant from Barrow; recklessness. vessel of Peace. than to have to demonstrate JaquesYvesCousteau sent a message of support to against the huge bulk of the Atlantic Polluter! the NUS. Legally, the absence of any scientific evidence The Cedarlea was not allowed into Sharpness Stop Press: The barrels of radioactive waste means that the dump is not covered by the dock (it is reserved for destroyers, not defenders, waiting, at Didcot in Oxfordshire, for transporting Dumping at Sea Act 1974; it has been con­ of the environment) so inflatables were launched to Sharpness were eventually moved after the local demned by the UN Geneva Conference ( 1 958), and the three dinghies ran to Sharpness. Oxford Friends of the Earth group brought them to the European Parliament (1983), the London the attention of the public. 400 drums of waste Dumping Convention ( 1983) and the Melbourne Not many on the demo- most had decided were left ungaurded in Didcot railway station due Agreement ( 1981 /2). The latter strongly not to come because the Atlantic Polluter wasn't to the action by the transport workers. They were opposed Japanese dumping in the Pacific and due - but the usual Sharpness demo sun was moved by the army to Bicester ordnance depot, 25 one of the signatories was Margaret Thatcher. there as well as a large Welsh dragon on its way miles away, where they will remain until they can Dumping in the Pacific is strongly opposed, yet to Sizewell. Speakers included: NUR, ASLEF, be taken back to Harwell. Anyone want several dumping in the Atlantic is "the only environment­ TGWU. Anti Sizewell Campaign. FoE, Greenpeace trainloads of radioactive garbage? ally acceptable route"! The reason for this is and CASD. Ross Hesketh, the nuclear scientist The National Union of Seamen, has written to they haven't yet built a facility to store the waste recently sacked by the CEGB because of his the two Belgian rail unions asking them to back the -but they appear to be "urgently" searching disclosures concerning the UK-US plutonium British transport unions' action against sea dumping. The Atlantic Fisher has been booked by the Swiss for a permanent disposal site on land now (see deals, also spoke (see page 3). Absent comrades and Belgians to dump their waste later in the year. news pages). from SCRAM, Sea Shepherd and HOPE in Richard lawson SCRAM Journal August/ September '83 7 FULL HOUSE. For nearly ten years appropriate energy activists have been inspired by the example set by the Centre for Alternative Technology- "The Quary" near Maccynlleth in N. Wales. Now, with the opening of the new Friends of the Earth Office near The Angel in London and the imminent completion of the Future City Home in Bristol, we have practical examples of low-energy, super-insulated, rehabilitated buildings in cities. We reproduce here the section through the FoE office at 377 City Road, London EC1 (01-837 07 31) showing warm air recovery, internal insulation, triple glazing and so on. No doubt if you gave warning they would be happy to show you round. A recent FoE Bulletin has full details. Send a donation for details. Below Sally Eaves describes how a vision is coming into being right in the heart of Bristol:-

UCAT - The Urban Centre for Appro­ Hill/ Bedminster district. A small terrace priate Technology - originally came to­ of dilapidated houses, typical of much of gether as a group in the Autumn of 1979. the run down housing stock in the area, Membership is largely based in Bristol, has been leased to the group by the City but the group is supported by individuals Council. Some of this terrace has been and groups from all over the country. handed over to a housing co-op (under the UCAT is part of the Society for Environ­ auspices of a local housing association), mental Improvement, a registered charity, but the end house of the terrace has been and is the companion project to the Nation­ the focus of a vigorous building pro­ al Centre for Alternative Technology in gramme. The house is being rehabilitated Machynlleth, Wales. The Urban Centre to show just how far you can convert a takes the practical knowledge and exper­ standard terrace house to maximise use of ience of NCAT as its starting point and is renewable energy e.w. from the sun- with working to interpret ·and extend both the changes in design, solar panels, a special technology and the philosophy to suit the •greenhouse effect" window- to minimise urban situation. heat loss, insulation, double and triple glazing, a ventilation system incorporating The first problem the group faced was to a heat exchanger have been installed. find .a site suitable for:- a practical exhibi­ Much work, both in fundraising and tion of Appropriate Technology; an en­ administration, and on the practical side The project is the first of its kind in the vironmental bookshop; workshops; whole­ has been done by volunteers. In 1982 a country. lt hopes to make a significant im­ food cafe and so on. Such sites are no1 to: "YOPs" team did a lot of the basic building pact on the attitudes and energy use of be had easily in the inner city, certainly not work and now in 1983 the project has households in the Bedminster area, and on the financial terms the group could moved into a new phase. Taking advantage act as a stimulus and focus to change in a afford. Finally the group settled for a of MSC funding UCAT took on about a much wider community. lt is particularly somewhat different arrangement from dozen Community Programme workers. relevant in a decayed inner city area, the one originally envisaged. An environ­ Skilled carpenters , architects and build­ where it can illustrate new ways of work­ mental bookshop (The Greenleaf Book­ ers, with back up administrative assistance ing together, and, to a modest degree, shopt and small coffee shop cum whole­ have moved the practical side of the pro­ both provide jobs and improve the environ­ food cafe took shape in an elegant if ject forward towards a projected opening ment. slightly crumbly building in an up-and­ date at the end of the summer. An Energy Sally Eaves coming street very near the centre of town. Information Service giving free energy The practical exhibition will be on the other Contact: UCAT, 82 Colston Street, Bristol advice to local residents is now in opera­ BS1 588. Tel. 0272 25485. side of the town centre jn the Windmill. tion.

tNOOt..A mechon•co• ventdoha"l systl!'m SUMMER~' w1fh 6S•t. heat l"f'COvery servng upper floors ·..._~ ----\ 200mm WARMCEL c•l!ulose blown \ loft Jnsulalton ' \ Double glazed ond weott\erstrtpped doors to balcony and garden

Glass hbre quilt ns•.. llahon ;.JI"''der balcony. behrnd undtor-ctll poneiS to wtndows and around cur~ waits

POLY~ELL s.ec:)('IOary glaz•ng syo;teom to all w•ndow'i

AVER,. venehon bhnds between w1ndows O~" soytl'l s1de

THORN lO light f•tt:ngs throuqt'-out With OdC:hhOr'IQI taSk !Jght •"Q 11"'1 ~ff•ces _.r'""'~

G'YPROC THERMAr"@nloo lt"'SU!Ot•Ot' ~c e~~:ter~"~o! walls~ --L'..:l' ·-...... -. MfTAL8ESTOM~tl!'\1 fluF ~F.: ANC.: SOiee: O~'!!t>' STELRA.D OO~Odtt.t:lf~ ••t!"" ORAYTON I fOt•c .,,.,;ve~ oi"'otj rP.rnote sors

1NOOLA ~aruca. vel'\t.•OI•or. s:rsteiT\ to baseme~ grou~"~d !;~ors z,.,, ;_~~-~--

CHAFI=OTEAUX flyete~s rit41nlal"'i"':):J<; gas ""ol~ "IPOier

.8 SCRAM Journal August/September '83 wACEted Bouncing into bed

Jobs? Just an excuse for reflation Leap for Fluidised-Beds Proposals for increasing government Wallsend Slipway Engineering, a sub­ spending on energy conservation have sidiary of British Shipbuilders, have just been squashed in a move reeking of poli­ sold the first fully-automatic fluidised-bed, tical dogmatism. coal-fired, horizontal shell boiler to be In a secret briefing sent to all its election installed in this country. The Tyneside candidates in May, the Conservative Party firm installed the 1.5MW boiler for its attempted to discredit the recent report by client South Yorkshire Passenger Tran­ the Association for the Conservation of sport Executive in May. They also have Energy entitled "Jobs and Energy Conser­ orders for four more; two will go to the vation•, (see SCRAM Journal36). GKN steel works near Wrexham, and one each to Dunlop factories at Grimsby and Liverpool. The Tory briefing rejects the findings of the report - that a national energy conser­ Fluidised-bed techniques involve self­ vation programme could create 155,000 sustaining combustion through a bed of new jobs- as simply •an excuse to reflate sand, which is fluidised by air blown at the economy". The findings of the report high velocity. The fully automatic system were raised at Prime Minister's Question sets a new standard for coal burning and rivals oil and gas for cleanliness and effi­ Time by Liberal leader David Steel, but The. Fluidised Bed bOtler. were rudely dismissed. So Bill Doughty, ciency. emissions have been cut by 90 per cent. chairperson of the Governing Council of CLEAN SWEDES ACE, wrote to Mrs Thatcher to find out The utility that set up the plan, Sydkraft, why she rejected the report out of hand. Meanwhile, in Sweden a 15MW fluid­ will probably be the first customer for a Mrs Thatcher replied: ised-bed power station is being tested and commercial fluidised bed, as they need "I simply do not believe that spending is succeeding in reaching targets set for several more coal-fired power stations by public money on this scale is the way to cleanliness and efficiency. The fluidised­ the early 1990's. create lasting jobs. A key step in provid­ bed technique interests the Swedes be­ Apart from the attraction of built-in ing the conditions for an orderly and sus­ cause, amongst other things, a chemical emission control, fluidised beds can burn a tained rise in output and employment is reaction occurs between the dolomite of vast range of solid fuels, including fuels the eradication of inflation. Our pro­ limestone and the coal, which captures that would not be economical in a coven­ gress towards achieving that is due in the sulphur that would normally escape tional power station. But only the building large part to our efforts to contain the into the atmosphere and contribute to acid of a commercial plant will verify that it rain. PSBR." can cut costs. Fluidised-beds can also be According to the manager of the power fitted to existing power stations to replace SPENDING PRIORITIES station at Oresund, near Malmo, its effi­ oil or conventional coal burners. ciency has reached 99 per cent, compared Technology, 30.5.83 Mrs Thatcher seems keen enough to with the usual 30 per cent. Normal sulphur New Scientist, 30.6.83 spend massive sums of public money to create lasting nuclear waste, but is in­ capable of seeing energy conservation as an investment, which would save the country millions of pounds in the future. She goes on to say that:- "To show that investment in energy conservation creates jobs it is necessary to demonstrate that it is more labour intensive than other kinds of spending. •

Dead right Mrs Thatcher. Perhaps she's building Trident and Torness just to find out how labour intensive they are. N-Statesman

Water good idea West Germany is trying to drag its part­ of flue gas desulphurisation and fluidised­ ners in the EEC towards a common stra­ bed combustion as ways of removing sul­ tegy to combat acid rain. Together with phur fumes before they leave power sta­ Hydro Plans Switzerland and supported by Denmark, tion chimneys. Not to be out-done by their northern they have drawn up a plan to put pressure Unfortunately the Germans failed to get partners (see last SCRAM Journal), the on countries like Britain, that are reluc­ a commitment from the other signatories South of Scotland Electricity Board are tant to spend money on reducing the sul­ of the United Nations convention on long­ planning a tiny 2MW hydro-electric power phur emissions from their industrial range transboundary air pollution to their station at Drumjohn in Galloway. 1t will be plants and power stations that cause acid plan, but the EEC's council of environ­ an extension to the existing 197MW rain. (See last issue p.7) ment ministers are thinking about it. Galloway hydro-scheme, and will cost The West Germans have taken the lead N-Scientist, 9 & 23.6.83 around £1 million. The turbine-generator after discovering that many of their will be in an underground turbine house, forests, including the Black Forest, appear and the tailrace will be connected to the to be dying from acid poisoning. New laws Following the article "Acid Drops• in last existing pipeline from Loch Doon as it controlling sulphur emissions will be issue we have received a very informative and crosses the valley floor. Construction will adopted in Germany in July. well produced booklet "ACIDIFICATION - A Boundless Threat to Our Environment. • 40 begin as soon as planning permission is "REDUCE EMISSIONS" pages long and with many colour photos it granted by the Regional Council, and it forcefully states the concerns of the Swedish could be operating by 1985. The SSEB con­ The German plan calls for a 30 per cent Environmental Protection Board. They will cede that hydro schemes like this are high­ reduction in sulphur emissions by 1993, send you one free on requellt. ly cost-effective but point to their generous and an extension of the monitoring of Statens Naturvardsverk, Information - surplus of generating capacity when furth­ "transboundary air pollution• across Box 1302, S·171 25 SOLNA, Sweden. er schemes are suggested. Europe. 1t also calls for the development (Incorrect address in last issue.)

SCRAM Journal August/ September • '83 9 ducts did during the Falklands War. The GLC believe that they can help to show that there are ways in which the arms industry can be converted to socially use­ ful production. SOLUTIONS TO FUEL POVERTY Thousands of people in London suffer because heating is too expensive. In 1981 over 32,000 Londoners had their electri­ city disconnected, and one third of council tenants had damp houses. Yet with thou­ sands of building workers on the dole, there is no shortage of skill to insulate their houses. The pamphlet is highly critical of nuclear power, and shows how tenants and With the help of a title ...... ,,,.,.,...l shop stewards from the borough housing from Tynecastle CND (See SCRAM TECHNOLOGY CENTRES departments' direct works are drawing up No. 30) the Greater London Council The GLC's Enterprise Board will give their own energy plans, and campaigning financial support to trade unions to pre­ for combined heat and power stations. have launched a campaign to show The GLC have seen the connection be­ that there is an alternative to the pare their own plans for a company in ad­ vance of redundancies. The plan can then tween unemployment, converting the arms wasted skills and resources caused be the basis for an effective campaign of industry to socially useful production and by mass unemployment. Pete Roche resistance. This campaign is also backed developing local energy plans. However has been studying their booklet "Jobs up by new training facilities and a network the pamphlet doesn't just argue for the de­ for a Change" alongside the report of a of technology centres. These centres are feat of monetarism. A change in the colour European meeting last year on altern­ based at several of London's Polytechnics, of the government wouldn't be enough, we ative economic strategies. and are staffed by people who can help also need to strengthen people's organis­ ing power in workplaces and communities. London has 400,000 people on the dole, trade unionists and community groups with lt is a breath of fresh air to read such a yet looking around London it is not difficult technical research. pamphlet, published by a progressive to see things which need to be done. For CONVERT 'DEFENCE INDUSTRIES' local authority. I hope it will build up into each week that a Londoner is unemployed a gale and blow through the whole Labour the economy loses £250 - the value of what 25,000 jobs in London are dependent on the defence industry. Jobs are disappear­ movement, so that we can all start cam­ she or he could have produced plus the cost paigning for socially useful work now. of the dole. The GLC's Economic Policy ing in this industry all the time as improve­ Group are guided not just by the market ments in productivity are called for. 200 but also by social need. But their policy is jobs are under threat at a Thorn EMI DISCUSSING STRATEGIES not about bailing out bankrupt companies explosives factory in Haves. The trade The second pamphlet, "What Chance for for short term jobs at any price. First the unionists there believe that their jobs Jobs", is more theoretical, and reports on a GLC will only help firms which allow its could be saved by investment in new pro­ conference held between various European workers to join trade unions and which pay ducts in other London factories in the radical and socialist party activists on reasonable wages. Secondly the.. manage­ Thorn empire. Many of the workers be­ 'Alternative Economic Strategies'. The ment must negotiate a plan with the GLC came interested in alternative products, subjects covered include the origins of the and the trade unions for reorganising the not just because of the threat of redun­ unemployment crisis, how technological business. dancy, but also by seeing what their pro- change can destroy jobs, and how we can develop a labour-intensive economy. lt basically follows the same themes as TIME TO CHOOSE, a grassroots study the GLC pamphlet and shows how social­ guide on the nuclear arms race from a ists are beginning to realise that socialism isn't about just producing more and more, Chrlstlan.perspectlve. Martha Keys Baker, Alan Kretder, Val Nobbs, Donald Scott and but is about meeting social needs. One point which emerged several times was Mike Sweatman, Celebration. £3.95 40p.) that the nuclear industry has no place in an ( + Alternative Economic Strategy. lt does not This book is a study guide meant for f.it in with the decentralised regional christians within the peave movement, development which is now being demand­ although I myself feel it would be useful also to people of other denominations and ed throughout Europe. even to the most hardened aethiest. Being ENERGY CHOICES a study guide, the book is split into twelve different study sessions under three head­ Alternative technology has a stable job­ ings:- creating impact locally, and makes far better use of the millions of pounds which Part one - the Nuclear Option, takes you need to be spent to convert Europe from an through (in great detail) the effects of oil based economy. Another proposal is nuclear war in this country and our civil that the .burden of tax should be shifted defence (?) preparations and the attitudes from wages to capital and raw materials of people to these today. including energy. This would stimulate Part two - Swords into Ploughshares, labour intensive industries and penalise criticises the 'just' war, gives a history of energy intensive ones. Christian pacifism and studies the adher­ If you are interested in European dis­ ents of non-nuclear defence. cussion of how an alternative economic Part three - Paths to Peacemaking, Check it .... strategy might work - without nuclear studies the means and ends of pacifist power - then this is a useful pamphlet to Christianity including an interview with There is a new single out be Pete Zero and the stimulate ideas and discussion. Father George Zabelka, chaplain to the Options called Disposable Tissues. You won't hearth is flight-crew of the Enola Gay. on 'Top ofthe Pops'. but you will find Pete Zero and the Pete Roche The book is meant to appeal to Protes­ Options playing on the back of a lorry for CND. Pete Zero arrives via the notorious but disbanded 'Resisters·. Jobs for a Change, GLC Economic tants and Catholics alike and is totally Policy Group. Smiling Sun M /0 90p ecumenical including an interview with the and the young East End theatre group, Controlled Attack's anti-war panto 'Who Dares Grins·. All profits ( + 25p). famous evangelist preacher Billy Graham from the single go to Peace Camps. Available at the as well as quotes from Pope John Paul I I. What Chance for Jobs? Agenor 88 £1 CND bookshop, Finsbury Park London N4 or from ( + 20p). Thomas Leslle Rough Trade Records. 10 August/ September '83 SCRAM Journal Londoners at Risk

Londoners are rightly concerned about nuclear waste. Trainloads of hot radioactive spent fuel rattle round the North London line from Bradwell and Sizewell' A' and across West London from Dungeness 'A' and '8'. This growing concern is one of the reasons why the Greater Iondon Council (GLC) has formally objected to the proposed Sizewell' B' PWR. In addition the Council decided to host an International Conference this April on transportation of spent nuclear fuel through cities. • COSTLY WHITEWASH Gas-cooled storage I think the GLC blundered badly by passing all Marvin Resnikoff outlined the complete shift the conference arrangements to a private firm of emphasis that CEP propose - to store the of Scientific Consultants. The resulting conference spent fuel rods in dry stores beside the reactors - "Urban Transportation of Irradiated Fuel 'till sufficiently cooled; and then to transport barely addressed the doubts and questions under improved safety conditions to a central raised by this subject. At a cost of £11 0,000 permanent store. This eliminates reprocessing the conference featured a series of po-faced and all its attendant hazards including the men mainly from the international nuclear physical concentration of the extremely toxic regulatory agencies. They all droned on about "high-level wastes." the regulations and standards which are supposed to protect the public. No place was given for a Wylfa Dry-store exists! critical assessment of these regulations or the Britain has the technology available to do testing of nuclear flasks or the potential hazard this. A gas-cooled spent fuel store has been from a major accident "Don't worry- uncle operating successfully at the Wylfa Magnox scientist and godfather regulator will ensure Station in Anglesey for some years. What is your safety" was the message. needed now is publication of the operating .~ Nuclear Industry absent experienc-e at the Wvlfa Store and examination In spite of the completely pro-establishment of dry storage adjacent to each reactor. This would lift the threat posed by current rail tran· bias ofthe conference the CEGB, BR. BNFL and sportation of 'hot' nuclear fuel and eliminate the the MoD refused to participate. As the public need for the plutonium factory at Windscale. bodies responsible for this traffic they are an absolute disgrace. Their unwillingness to engage We have always pointed out that the only safe in a serious dialogue on the pros and cons of long-term solution is to shut down the reactors Obituary nuclear waste transport and the potential hazard it producing these radioactive waste products - poses only lead one to suspect they are hiding that means the 'civil' nuclear power stations, something. At best they displayed an unforgive­ the military plutonium reactors at Calder Hal able arrogance. and Chapelcross and the naval hunter-killer and On June 18th Stan Reld, tireless activist in Polaris submarine reactors. Neither this, not the the Highland Anti-Nuclear Group, was tra­ Tunnel Vision gically killed by a car while he was cycling dry storage proposals were on the agenda of the home from Inverness to the Black Isle. That pillar of the establishment. Lord Flowers GLC conference. They should have been. opened the conference. lt is all quite safe, he Originally from Belfast, Stan was 32 years said. The flasks only travel to 1 4 mph so what David Somervell old. He was a very special person, both In his capacity to care for others and his total possible harm could they come to?- lt was a commitment to the anti-nuclear cause - classic example of a narrow vision of the problem. both in his personal lifestyle and his cam­ Yes he blundered about the speed- they travel paign activities. by road at 1 4 m ph to the nearest station. Then His contribution to the anti-nuclear cause they are mounted on special wagons and hitched in Scotland cannot be overstated. Since 1978 to goods trains. But it's the factthatthese goods he was both a dedicated and effective cam­ trains pause for hours and days in busy marshall­ paigner on issues including Torness, Doun­ ing yards like Willesdan Junction and then reay, Waste Dumping, Alternative Energy, THE A· TRAIN· A Critical Examination Plutonium Nitrate shipments and Rio Tinto travel at speed on the main line north to Wind­ of NuclearWaata Transport is an invaluable pamphlet Zinc. He was almost boundless in his energy scale which gives cause for concern. That main written by lan Welsh of Lancaster Half-Life, which to carry on, and to inspire others. line of course carries all sorts of other goods SCRAM published in 1981. Recently re-printed it Stan effectively co-ordinated the campaign such as petroleum tankers, ammunition and so provides an excellent introduction to the potential throughout the Highlands, and was an active on. hazards and exposes the assurances of the nuclear member of the Scottish Anti-Nuclear Groups industry. Available form the Smiling Sun. 11 Forth network. Latterly he was also active in Opportunities Lost Street. Edinburgh 1 for 60p plus 20p post. C.N.D. The potential for a major accident and its THE NEXT NUCLEAR GAMBLE: Transportation Stan was joint secretary of Inverness consequences were never adequately discussed I and Storage of Nuclear Waste. Dr. Marvin Resn1koff, C.N.D., press officer for the Highland Anti· feel that the GLC, by erring too much on the side CEP $18.50 inc. postfromCEP. 84 Fifth Avenue, New Nuclear Group and treasurer of Inverness of caution, lost a unique opportunity to bring York. NY 10011. Both SCRAM AND LRWTC hold District Labour Party. Both personally and together in a public forum concerned critics of library copies for loan. campaign wise, Stan will be sadly missed. the current procedures. The London Region Waste Transport Campaign is MaryScott in process of change. Margaretand PeteSavage-Jones U.S. Study Suggests Alternatives who have done such a fantastic job these last three One person who did make a stimulating years are needing to pass on some of the respcnsibil ity The Sheffield-based Anti-Nuclear Cam­ contribution was Dr. Marvin Resnikoff. He works along with the mass of information that has been paign (ANC) has been forced to retrench with the Council on Economic Priorities, a New gathered. We hope to be able to say in next issue who and close its office. Apparently organisa­ will continue their information resource and campaign tional difficulties with the Anti-PWR Con­ Vork·based public service research organisation work. who have recently published an incredibly im­ sortium compounded the financial pro­ portant and informative book "The Next Nuclear In the meantime you could send a few stamps for a blems facing the ANC. But the Steering copy of Margaret' s last issue of the LRWTC newsletter Committee recently reaffirmed Its deter­ Gamble: Transportation and storage of Nuclear - ROUTING OUT to R.O. 61 A Strathleven Road. Waste." mination to continue as a membership London SW2. Routing Out will continue and encourages organisation. The CEP study's findings are equally valid for people to send Waste Transport info (and donatiOns) to the above address. Correspondence and mall orders should the UK. They recommend that government still be sent to the Sheffield postal address. upgrade shipping cask testing facilities and Transcripts of the U.T.I.F. Conference areavailable More importantly the ANC will continue to physically test one cask of each design; develop from Rick Kelly, GLC Scientific Advisor, County Hall, London Se1. intervene in the nuclear debate with the casks and securing devices able to withstand a publication late sum mar of a new pamphlet realistic accident and improve emergency pre­ by Don Arnott on PWR problems. paredness in local communities through which Details of activities in London From: ALARM - All Londoners Against Radioactive nuclear fuel is transported. Contact:- ANC, PO Box 218, Sheffield S1 Materials- phone Miranda Miller 01·351 3618 180. SCRAM Journal August I September '83 11 0 0 DIARY 0 6th AUG HIROSHIMA DAY March and rally Dundee. 6th Arrival of various marches and 'Walk for Life' at Greenham Common 6th- 9th Rosyth Womens Peace Camp Vigil and Fast. Go along and give your support? Contact 031-667-8673. Little Black Rabbit was visiting No one. it seemed, could tell her 6th ' Fast until Death for life' some old friends on the Clyde Estuary anythmg about these convoys. Not the onwards Green ham Common. the other week, and just remarking Scottish Office. nor the Chief Con­ 6th­ March from Berlin to Geneva how dangerous it was crossing the Sep. 17th organ•sed by Frauen fur den stable for Strathclyde, while the nice Frieden (Women for Peace) roads these days with the terrible men from the MoD only blushed Contact Hildegard K limmeck, traffic - when she was nearly rubbed and asked her if she would like to sign Heyl strasse 5.1000 Berltn-62. up the wrong way by a 10-ton truck! a piece of paper. She could hardly believe her eves, for 9th NAGASAKI DAY - 38th Finally, Little Black Rabbit had a anniversary of one Instance of the truck was just part of a huge flash of inspiration - she would ask her mass murder. convoy including five 10-ton trucks, fnends at a well known T.V. company 17th ~ The Legacy of Britain's A­ motorcycles and armed guards. to come and film a convoy for them­ bombs. Meeting organised by Thtnking that this must of course be selves. Needless to say. she was more local groups on the effects on a secret shipment of Chevaline war­ than a little put out when, on seeing servtce people dunng nuclear heads for the Fastane submarine base, that the convoy belonged to the MoD. tests All welcome - Queens Little Black Rabbit rushed to alert her friends just packed up and left. Hall bar, 7.30p.m her relatives Imagine her surprise muttering something about 'D 20t~Ed ln burgh FLAG DA V tn atd when no one would believe her. 'Don't • of The SMILING SU N and Not tees'. whatever they are! ~ SCRAM. Can you help? Phone be silly' they said. ·we were g1ven So. Little Black Rabbit is back home 557-4283 assurances by a ntce man from the now, and if you should hear anything 20th Focus on Porion Down day. MoD that all such shipments would about mysterious convoys on the roads Demonstrations nationwide to be made by sea. And anyway. it -she doesn't want to know. bring to peoples altentton the wouldn't be safe. Only the other day antmal exploitation for military there was a fractured gas main on the research at Porion Down. road to Faslane. Imagine if that had Contact BUAV 01-734-2691. blown up when this convoy was pass­ 27th Celebration of Life oulstde Ing· Ailing ton Farm, breeding centre for Porton Down Con­ tact Bntrsh Union for Abolitron 10th Nationwide Demonstrations 29th Oppose the Plans for War. of Viveseclion against animal abuse in "Close down the City". Plans schools. BUAV, Youth for 2nd SEPT to get people to strike for the Peace - Is it a womens issue? animal rights Chard 5090. Publrc meetrng as part of Book day tn protest against the 10/ 11\h Scottish CND annual confer­ financial and company institu­ festival. 3 - 5 p m in the ence, Dundee. Contact SCND. marquee rn George Square. 17/18th tions in London, to make the Sheffield Green-Peace festi­ point that human life is more with authors of new Feminism val. Theme a " Respect for /Nonvrolence books important than money, and Life" Alternaltves to Vio­ more powerful Details contact At 7 pm .• a discussion at lence, death, exploitation and Crosswmds Tollcross on "Stop the City" c/o London sufferrng Workshops. talks. Greenpeace. 6 Endsleigh St . Violence, Nonviolence and poets. stalls. theatre, clown­ WC1 Women. Women only t;£ ing, juggling, crafts. dancers, 8/ 301h 3rd Animal Rights Maitlestone music and more. CamptnQ Peace Camp In Glasgow. hope­ National march agarnst facrliltes too, Norfolk Park. fully in George Square. Charles River Inc. Worlds Sheffield. Contact Sheffteld Finance and sponsoring of largest breeders for Animal Peace Action, c/o The Peace volunteers needed. Contact vtvesectlon. Contact Bill Shop, 51 leopold SI , Sheffield Centrepeace, 143 Stock well Croucher 0795-21045 S. Yorks. Sheff 381251 . SI , Glasgow 041-552-8357

FROM THE WORLD FAMOUS COALBROOKDALE IRON FOUNDRY FIRST ESTABLISHED BY ABRAHAM DARBY IN 1709 HAS NOW COME:

I FOREST I~C: 50 ST MARYS ST. EDIN RGH. 031 - ~56-9812 . THE BEST OF SAFE AND LIAB!.E TECHNC'LOG NUCLEAR POWER

The nuclear dream of thirty years ago was that nuclear and economics. The Parliamentary Select Committee on energy could be peacefully harnessed to provide cheap, Energy has found evidence of bad decision-making. plentiful electricity and bring growth and prosperity to the nation. A sense o£ technological euphoria prevailed Growing numbers of academics have found gaping - any problem could be overcome - and questions posed holes in the nuclear establishment's arguments on need, by such problems as radioactive waste were given a low economics and safety. And some of the most damning priority. Knowledge about the ill-effects ~ f radiation was criticisms have come from nuclear scientists themselves, very limited, but this deterred few of the experts. whistle-blowing on inadequacies in the industry. What has gone wrong? In this broadsheet, one of a Today, that image of a confident and expand. ~-. ':! series which examine various aspects of the nuclear nculear industry has long gone. Nuclear power is beset controversy, we try to answer as factually as possible. by critics from every walk of life. P ublic bodies such as We feel sure that once you know the facts, you will reach the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution and the same conclusion as us: the nuclear dream is rapidly the Monopolies and Mergers Commission have becoming a nightmare. There are alternatives, but it will publishe d influential reports critica l o f nuclear safety n eed concerted public pressure to bring them about. The eEnergy Crisis' Myth

·~new renaissance nught well be ID Sight, collapsed from 6"/o a year m the omic growth. Britain would use no and th Central Electricity Generahnq As late as 1976 the UK Atom1c Board (CEGB), faced w1th a surplus "Nuclear energy 1s m trouble The great Energy Authonty was arguing that of over 60% m qenerahng capacity dream that many of us hod 30 years ago Britam needed to launch a massive has closed 35 coal-fired stations that nuclear energy would set us free has nuclear power programme m order to before the end of their useful life. been turning to ashes." The Scottish Boards have an over· Alvtn Weinberg, former d~rector ol the US avert a future 'energy crisis'. At that Oak R1dge Nahonal Laboratory and one ol hme, they sa1d that Britaw should capactty of a st

Radioactive wastes are produced at long-term future has been proven 'Low-level' wastes have until now all stages of the Nuclear Fuel Chain, beyond reasonable doubt.' been tipped at a dump called Drigg from the 'tailings' discarded in But the nuclear expansion continues near Windscale in Cumbria, dumped uranium mining to the highly radio­ in spite ·of these warnings. in barrels into the Atlantic or active wastes from the reprocessing Now the industry has suddenly discharged direc::tly into the sea. The of spent reactor fuel. Some of these woken up to the problem of disposal industry say that this is all quite safe, wastes will remain deadly for over of 'intermediate' active waste which is but doubts are beginning to appear! 100,000 years. There is no way in building up from the expanding Liquid waste discharged into the which they can be made non­ nuclear programme. It has now been Irish Sea from Windscale reprocess­ radioactive and so some permanent decided that a disposal site must he ing factory was supposed to be solution must be found to store them found within five years, but even this dispersed by currents and diluted. safely. Due to complacency in the 'solution' must still resolve the Instead, radioactivity is· building up nuclear industry this remains, 30 problem of containment and monitor­ and the Irish Sea is now the most years into the nuclear programme, ing of a disposal site for more than radioactive sea in the world. one of their most intractable 300. years. problems. Today, Britain's nuclear waste disposal programme is in It has been the stated policy that disarray. 'high-active' wastes from the repro­ The 'test-drilling' programme, to cessing of spent fuel rods would be discover the feasibility of disposal of 'solidified into glass blocks' before wastes in rock formations deep in the disposal deep in rock formations or under the sea-bed. After 20 year's Attit the London Dumping Conven­ mountains, has likewise been cancelled in the face of strong public development, the British 'Harvest' tion in February 1983, a majority of opposition. It is now six years since process for the production of these 19 to 6 voted for a two-year ban on the Royal Commission on Environ­ glass blocks has had to be aban­ ocean dumping of radioactive mental Pollution concluded that:- doned. No country has yet succeeded wastes. This followed international • ... a quite inadequate effort has in developing a proven system for the concern about the environmental been devoted to the problems of solidification of these wastes. effects. The British Government, after long-term wa'ste management, ... voting against the ban, is now defy­ there should be no substantial '1f a problem is too difficult to solve, one ing it. It is one of the few remaining expansion of nuclear power until the cannot claim that it is solved by pointing countries still determined to dump at feasibility of a method of safe to all the efforts made to solve it." sea, accounting for a staggering 90% disposal of high-level wastes for the Hannes Alven, Nobel Laureate of the radioactivity dumped. The Pressurised Water Reactor_ (PWR) In 1979, the new Conservative Government announced its inten- When this happens, the remammg The nuclear programme can only tion to build an American-style coolant around the core begins to be stopped if all those who are PWR to replace the British AGR turn to steam, a very poor conduc-. horrified by the hazards of nuclear design. It was this kind of reactor tor of heat. If the reactor operators power join together to actively which was involved in the near- are unable to restore an adequate oppose it. One of the great strengths disaster at Three Mile Island. In a supply of water, the core will begin of the anti-nuclear movement is its PWR, the heat generated by fission to melt and could burn through the breadth of popular support: people in the core is removed by circulat-. containment vessel, with disas­ concerned with erosion of civil ing water at very high pressure - trous consequences. Even if a liberties, with protecting the environ­ up to 400 atmospheres. It is this complete 'melt-down' is averted, ment, with creating meaningful use of high pressure water which ·-lesser accidents can result in socially-useful jobs and those fight­ gives the PWR its special safety releases of large amounts of· radia- ing for a world rid of nuclear weapons problems, its built-in flaw. tion into the environment. have all realised the threat that nuclear technologies represent. They Because the coolant in a PWR is The proposed Sizewell 'B' reactor are working to promote safer, saner at such hi~h pressures, even a· is a PWR, although all future and more appropriate energy small leak m the cooling circuit orders in the USA, home of the solutions. can lead to a rapid loss of coolant. PWR, have been cancelled. You can join in this movement too ... by supporting SCRAM and by learning more about the issues. We have published a series of broad­ sheets which we will gladly send you. And organisations listed here will gladly send you information on their work- but remember to send a The nuclear dream of 30 years ago by burning it in fluidised-bed boilers donation towards the cost of material is shattered. To start a nuclear and in local Combined Heat and they send you. programme in the hope of building Power stations. These use the waste Then, when you've learnt more, a new and better society could be heat from electricity generation to discuss the issue with friends. Write to· excused as naive over-confidence; heat nearby houses, factories and your elected representatives. Urge but to continue with such a offices. your club, society, branch of trade programme with the track record Renewable Sources of Energy. . union or political party to discuss the above is negligence bordering on Money saved from research on is$ue. Only concerted pressure will megalomania. Worse still, there are nuclear power should be diverted to bring about the necessary changes. far more appropriate ways to provide development of wind, wave, solar and One last word ... while SCRAM society's energy needs now and in biomass energy. The long-term opposes all nuclear technologies and the future:- · potential of these sources of energy is works for nuclear disarmament and a Energy Conservation. A determined enormous: wave power alone could Europe free of nuclear weapons, we and sustained government policy of produce three times our present· believe it .has never been more vital to promoting energy conservation, electricity consumption. sustain a strong campaign against backed with money, would mak~ Advantages. Unlike nuclear power, nuclear power. We may in time roll enormous savings in energy demand. these alternatives do not threaten our back the Cold War mentality of militar­ This would permanently improve the lives or the environment. Because ism and manage to 'ban the bomb'; but energy· efficiency of buildings, they can be economic on a small until the nuclear reacton and their providing warmer homes and work­ scale, they can be made safer, be attendant industries are closed down places at lower cost. more easily understood and therefore, and replaced by appropriate energy Coal. Reserves of coal in this country more compatible with open govern­ sources, the state will remain just a are estimated at 300 to 1000 years' ment. They would also provide large short step from nuclear weapons of supply. More efficient and less pollut­ numbers of jobs in the construction mass destruction. Peace campaignen ing use should be made of this coal and engineering sectors. need to oppose nuclear power too! Contacts Scottish Campaign to Resist the Atomic Menace (SCRAM) 11 Forth Street, Edinburgh EH1 3LE. Tel: 031-557 4283 Friends of the Earth (FoE) 377 City Road, London EC1V 1NA. Tel: 01-837 0731 Friends of the Earth (Scotland) (FoE.S) 53 George IV Bridge, Edinburgh 1. Tel: 031-225 6906 Cam_paign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) 11 Goodwin Street, London N4 3HQ. Tel: 01-263 0977 Scottish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament CSCND) 420 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JD. Tel: 041-331 2878 Greenpeace 36 Graham Street, London N1 8LL. Tel: 01-251 3020