Land at Castle Grounds Devizes Wiltshire
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Land at Castle Grounds Devizes Wiltshire Heritage Assessment Report prepared for: Mathewson Waters Architects LLP On behalf of: Mr and Mrs R Smart CA Project: 6251 CA Report: 17242 May 2017 Land at Castle Grounds, Devizes, Wiltshire Heritage Assessment CA Project: 6251 CA Report: 17242 prepared by Rebecca Wills, Heritage Consultant date May 2017 checked by Alan Ford, Senior Heritage Consultant date May 2017 approved by Julia Sulikowska, Senior Heritage Consultant signed date May 2017 issue 1 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Exeter Building 11 41 Burners Lane South Stanley House Unit 53 Kemble Enterprise Park Kiln Farm Walworth Road Basepoint Business Centre Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Yeoford Way Gloucestershire Buckinghamshire Hampshire Marsh Barton Trading GL7 6BQ MK11 3HA SP10 5LH Estate Exeter EX2 8LB t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033 t. 01908 564660 t. 01264 347630 t. 01392 826185 e. [email protected] CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 3 2. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 8 3. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ....................................... 13 4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE & POTENTIAL EFFECTS ............................. 26 5. THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS .................................................................. 30 6. CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................... 53 7. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 55 1 Land at Castle Ground, Devizes, Heritage DBA © Cotswold Archaeology ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan Fig. 2 Previous investigations and recorded prehistoric, Roman and medieval archaeological remains Fig. 3 Recorded post-medieval, modern and unknown archaeological remains Fig. 4 Extract from Dores 1759 Map of Devizes Fig. 5 Extract from 1839 Devizes St John Tithe Map Fig. 6 Extract from 1886 Ordnance Survey Town Plans Fig. 7 Extract from 1869 Map of Devizes Fig. 8 Extract from 1923 Ordnance Survey map Fig. 9 Designated heritage assets PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 1 View across the Site from the south-west Photograph 2 View across the Site from the east Photograph 3 Devizes Castle Scheduled Monument and Grade I Listed Building, as viewed from the south-west along Snail Lane Photograph 4 View of the Site from outside the Grade II Listed walls encircling the Scheduled castle mound Photograph 5 Grade I Listed Church of St John the Baptist, viewed from the west from within the churchyard Photograph 6 Grade I Listed Church of St John the Baptist, as viewed from Long Street Photograph 7 View towards the Site and Devizes Castle from within the churchyard of St John the Baptist church Photograph 8 Grade II Listed Sexton’s Cottage, as viewed from the south from within churchyard of St John the Baptist church Photograph 9 View of the Site from outside Grade II Listed Sexton’s Cottage Photograph 10 Rear elevation of Grade II Listed Sexton’s Cottage, as viewed from within the Site Photograph 11 Grade II* Listed The Ark, viewed from the east 2 Land at Castle Grounds, Devizes, Wiltshire, Heritage DBA © Cotswold Archaeology 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. In April 2017, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) was commissioned by Mr and Mrs R Smart, through their agent Mathewson Waters Architects LLP, to undertake a Heritage Assessment in respect of land at Castle Grounds, Devizes, Wiltshire (NGR: 400337 161252; hereafter referred to as ‘the Site’, Figure 1). 1.2. The Site is situated at the western margin of the historic town of Devizes, immediately to the south-east of the medieval castle. It comprises an irregular parcel of land of approximately 0.5ha, which forms the grounds to Trinity Cottage, located at the southern edge of the Site. The Site is at present laid to grass, with tree belts in the south surrounding Trinity Cottage. Several sections of brick retaining wall partly enclose the central part of the Site, which contains two disused greenhouses (Photographs 1 and 2). Photograph 1 View across the Site from the south-west 1.3. The Site is proposed for residential development, comprising a single split-level dwelling with associated access and landscaping. The proposed dwelling would be constructed on the site of the present greenhouses, in the central part of the Site. This assessment will inform the planning application, which is to be submitted to Wiltshire Council, the Local Planning Authority. 3 Land at Castle Grounds, Devizes, Wiltshire, Heritage DBA © Cotswold Archaeology Photograph 2 View across the Site from the east Objectives and professional standards 1.4. Cotswold Archaeology (CA) is a Registered Organisation (RO) with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA). This report has been prepared in accordance with the ‘Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment’ published by the Chartered Institute (2014). 1.5. The composition and development of the historic environment within the Site and wider landscape are discussed. A determination of the significance of any heritage assets located within the Site, and any heritage assets beyond the Site boundary that may potentially be affected by the development proposals, is presented. Any potential development effects upon the significance of these heritage assets (both adverse and/or beneficial) are then described. 1.6. This approach is consistent with the Chartered Institute’s ‘Standard and Guidance for Heritage Desk-Based Assessment’, which provides that, insofar as they relate to the determination of planning applications, heritage desk-based assessments should: 4 Land at Castle Grounds, Devizes, Wiltshire, Heritage DBA © Cotswold Archaeology ‘…enable reasoned proposals and decisions to be made [as to] whether to mitigate, offset or accept without further intervention [any identified heritage] impact’ (CIfA 2014, 4). 1.7. The ‘Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2: Decision- Taking in the Historic Environment’ (Historic England 2014), further clarifies that a desk-based assessment should: ‘…determine, as far as is reasonably possible from existing records, the nature, extent and significance of the historic environment within a specified area, and the impact of the proposed development on the significance of the historic environment, or will identify the need for further evaluation’ (Historic England 2014, 3). Statute, policy and guidance context 1.8. This assessment has been undertaken within the key statute, policy and guidance context presented within the table overleaf (Table 1.1). The applicable provisions contained within these statute, policy and guidance documents are referred to, and discussed, as relevant, throughout the text. Fuller detail is provided in Appendix 1. 5 Land at Castle Grounds, Devizes, Wiltshire, Heritage DBA © Cotswold Archaeology 400000 402000 163000 161000 159000 N Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 OXFORDSHIRE Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 SOUTH w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk GLOUCESTERSHIRE e [email protected] WEST PROJECT TITLE BOUROUGH OF BERKSHIRE SWINDON Land at Castle Grounds, Devizes, BATH AND NE SOMERSET Wiltshire WILTSHIRE FIGURE TITLE HAMPSHIRE SOMERSET Site location plan 0 1km FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the digital Ordnance Survey Explorer map with DRAWN BY DJB PROJECT NO. 6251 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller CHECKED BY AO DATE 10-05-2017 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY RW SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 POOLE Statute Description Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Act of Parliament providing for the maintenance of a schedule of archaeological remains of the highest Areas Act (1979) significance, affording them statutory protection. Act of Parliament placing a duty upon the Local Planning Authority (or, as the case may be, the Secretary of Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation State) to afford due consideration to the preservation of Listed buildings and their settings (under Section Areas) Act (1990) 66(1)), and Conservation Areas (under Section 72(2)), in determining planning applications. One of four Acts of Parliament providing for the protection and management of the historic environment, National Heritage Act 1983 (amended 2002) including the establishment of the Historic Monuments & Buildings Commission, now Historic England. Conservation Principles (Historic England Guidance for assessing heritage significance, with reference to contributing heritage values, in particular: 2008) evidential (archaeological), historical (illustrative and associative), aesthetic, and communal. National Planning Policy Framework (2012) Provides the English government’s national planning policies and describes how these are expected to be (‘The Framework’) applied within the planning system. Heritage is subject of Chapter 12 (page 30). Good Practice Advice in Planning: Note 2 Provides useful information on assessing the significance of heritage assets, using appropriate