9.0 Mitigation Measures
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Changes at a Critical Branchpoint in the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway Underlie the Blue to Orange Flower Color Transition in Lysimachia Arvensis
fpls-12-633979 February 16, 2021 Time: 19:16 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 22 February 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633979 Changes at a Critical Branchpoint in the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway Underlie the Blue to Orange Flower Color Transition in Lysimachia arvensis Edited by: Mercedes Sánchez-Cabrera1*†‡, Francisco Javier Jiménez-López1‡, Eduardo Narbona2, Verónica S. Di Stilio, Montserrat Arista1, Pedro L. Ortiz1, Francisco J. Romero-Campero3,4, University of Washington, Karolis Ramanauskas5, Boris Igic´ 5, Amelia A. Fuller6 and Justen B. Whittall7 United States 1 2 Reviewed by: Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain, Department of Molecular 3 Stacey Smith, Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain, Institute for Plant Biochemistry 4 University of Colorado Boulder, and Photosynthesis, University of Seville – Centro Superior de Investigación Científica, Seville, Spain, Department 5 United States of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Seville, Seville, Spain, Department of Biological Science, 6 Carolyn Wessinger, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara 7 University of South Carolina, University, Santa Clara, CA, United States, Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Santa Clara University, United States Santa Clara, CA, United States *Correspondence: Mercedes Sánchez-Cabrera Anthocyanins are the primary pigments contributing to the variety of flower colors among [email protected] angiosperms and are considered essential for survival and reproduction. Anthocyanins † ORCID: Mercedes Sánchez-Cabrera are members of the flavonoids, a broader class of secondary metabolites, of which orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-0392 there are numerous structural genes and regulators thereof. -
Plant List for Web Page
Stanford Working Plant List 1/15/08 Common name Botanical name Family origin big-leaf maple Acer macrophyllum Aceraceae native box elder Acer negundo var. californicum Aceraceae native common water plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica Alismataceae native upright burhead Echinodorus berteroi Alismataceae native prostrate amaranth Amaranthus blitoides Amaranthaceae native California amaranth Amaranthus californicus Amaranthaceae native Powell's amaranth Amaranthus powellii Amaranthaceae native western poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Anacardiaceae native wood angelica Angelica tomentosa Apiaceae native wild celery Apiastrum angustifolium Apiaceae native cutleaf water parsnip Berula erecta Apiaceae native bowlesia Bowlesia incana Apiaceae native rattlesnake weed Daucus pusillus Apiaceae native Jepson's eryngo Eryngium aristulatum var. aristulatum Apiaceae native coyote thistle Eryngium vaseyi Apiaceae native cow parsnip Heracleum lanatum Apiaceae native floating marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Apiaceae native caraway-leaved lomatium Lomatium caruifolium var. caruifolium Apiaceae native woolly-fruited lomatium Lomatium dasycarpum dasycarpum Apiaceae native large-fruited lomatium Lomatium macrocarpum Apiaceae native common lomatium Lomatium utriculatum Apiaceae native Pacific oenanthe Oenanthe sarmentosa Apiaceae native 1 Stanford Working Plant List 1/15/08 wood sweet cicely Osmorhiza berteroi Apiaceae native mountain sweet cicely Osmorhiza chilensis Apiaceae native Gairdner's yampah (List 4) Perideridia gairdneri gairdneri Apiaceae -
Sierra Nevada Framework FEIS Chapter 3
table of contrents Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment – Part 4.6 4.6. Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi4.6. Fungi Introduction Part 3.1 of this chapter describes landscape-scale vegetation patterns. Part 3.2 describes the vegetative structure, function, and composition of old forest ecosystems, while Part 3.3 describes hardwood ecosystems and Part 3.4 describes aquatic, riparian, and meadow ecosystems. This part focuses on botanical diversity in the Sierra Nevada, beginning with an overview of botanical resources and then presenting a more detailed analysis of the rarest elements of the flora, the threatened, endangered, and sensitive (TES) plants. The bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), lichens, and fungi of the Sierra have been little studied in comparison to the vascular flora. In the Pacific Northwest, studies of these groups have received increased attention due to the President’s Northwest Forest Plan. New and valuable scientific data is being revealed, some of which may apply to species in the Sierra Nevada. This section presents an overview of the vascular plant flora, followed by summaries of what is generally known about bryophytes, lichens, and fungi in the Sierra Nevada. Environmental Consequences of the alternatives are only analyzed for the Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive plants, which include vascular plants, several bryophytes, and one species of lichen. 4.6.1. Vascular plants4.6.1. plants The diversity of topography, geology, and elevation in the Sierra Nevada combine to create a remarkably diverse flora (see Section 3.1 for an overview of landscape patterns and vegetation dynamics in the Sierra Nevada). More than half of the approximately 5,000 native vascular plant species in California occur in the Sierra Nevada, despite the fact that the range contains less than 20 percent of the state’s land base (Shevock 1996). -
Paper Version of Palos Verdes
Selected Plants Native to Palos Verdes Peninsula (C.M. Rodrigue, 07/26/11) http://www.csulb.edu/geography/PV/ Succulents (plants with fleshy, often liquid-saturated leaves and/or stems. These features can be found in a variety of life forms, including annual herbaceous plants, vines, shrubs, and trees, as well as cacti) Herbaceous plants (non-woody, though there may be a woody caudex or basal stem and root -- annual growth dies back each year, resprouting in perennial or biennial plants, or the plant dies and is replaced by a new generation each year in the case of annual plants) Extremely tiny plant. Stems only about 2-6 cm tall, occasionally as much as 10 cm, leaves only 1-3 mm long (can get up to 6 mm long), fleshy, found at the plant's base or on the stems, shape generally ovate (egg-shaped), may have a blunt rounded end or a fine acute tip. The leaves are arranged oppositely, not alternately. The plant is green when new but ages to red or pink. Tiny flower (0.5- 2 mm) borne in leaf axils, usually just one per leaf pair on a pedicel (floral stem) less than 6 mm long. Two or 3 petals and 3 or 4 sepals. Flowers February to May. Annual herb. Found in open areas, in rocky nooks and crannies, and sometimes in vernal ponds (temporary pools that form after a rain and then slowly evaporate). Crassula connata (Crassulaceae): pygmy stonecrop or pygmy-weed or sand pygmyweed Leaves converted into scales along stems, which are arranged alternately and overlap. -
Terr–3 Special-Status Plant Populations
TERR–3 SPECIAL-STATUS PLANT POPULATIONS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During 2001 and 2002, the review of existing information, agency consultation, vegetation community mapping, and focused special-status plant surveys were completed. Based on California Native Plant Society’s (CNPS) Electronic Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California (CNPS 2001a), CDFG’s Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB; CDFG 2003), USDA-FS Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Plant and Animal Species for Region 5 (USDA-FS 1998), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species List (USFWS 2003), and Sierra National Forest (SNF) Sensitive Plant List (Clines 2002), there were 100 special-status plant species initially identified as potentially occurring within the Study Area. Known occurrences of these species were mapped. Vegetation communities were evaluated to locate areas that could potentially support special-status plant species. Each community was determined to have the potential to support at least one special-status plant species. During the spring and summer of 2002, special-status plant surveys were conducted. For each special-status plant species or population identified, a CNDDB form was completed, and photographs were taken. The locations were mapped and incorporated into a confidential GIS database. Vascular plant species observed during surveys were recorded. No state or federally listed special-status plant species were identified during special- status plant surveys. Seven special-status plant species, totaling 60 populations, were identified during surveys. There were 22 populations of Mono Hot Springs evening-primrose (Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola) identified. Two populations are located near Mammoth Pool, one at Bear Forebay, and the rest are in the Florence Lake area. -
Vascular Flora of the Liebre Mountains, Western Transverse Ranges, California Steve Boyd Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 18 | Issue 2 Article 15 1999 Vascular flora of the Liebre Mountains, western Transverse Ranges, California Steve Boyd Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Boyd, Steve (1999) "Vascular flora of the Liebre Mountains, western Transverse Ranges, California," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 18: Iss. 2, Article 15. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol18/iss2/15 Aliso, 18(2), pp. 93-139 © 1999, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711-3157 VASCULAR FLORA OF THE LIEBRE MOUNTAINS, WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES, CALIFORNIA STEVE BOYD Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden 1500 N. College Avenue Claremont, Calif. 91711 ABSTRACT The Liebre Mountains form a discrete unit of the Transverse Ranges of southern California. Geo graphically, the range is transitional to the San Gabriel Mountains, Inner Coast Ranges, Tehachapi Mountains, and Mojave Desert. A total of 1010 vascular plant taxa was recorded from the range, representing 104 families and 400 genera. The ratio of native vs. nonnative elements of the flora is 4:1, similar to that documented in other areas of cismontane southern California. The range is note worthy for the diversity of Quercus and oak-dominated vegetation. A total of 32 sensitive plant taxa (rare, threatened or endangered) was recorded from the range. Key words: Liebre Mountains, Transverse Ranges, southern California, flora, sensitive plants. INTRODUCTION belt and Peirson's (1935) handbook of trees and shrubs. Published documentation of the San Bernar The Transverse Ranges are one of southern Califor dino Mountains is little better, limited to Parish's nia's most prominent physiographic features. -
Low-Effect Habitat Conservation Plan for the Mount Hermon June Beetle
Low-Effect Habitat Conservation Plan for the Mount Hermon June Beetle, the Ben Lomond Wallflower, and the Ben Lomond Spineflower, at Bean Creek Estates, a 13-unit residential development site (APN 022-631-22), Located on Bean Creek Road in Scotts Valley, Santa Cruz County, California Prepared for: Mr. Tom Masters 28225 Robinson Canyon Road Carmel, CA 93923 (831) 625-0413 Prepared by: Richard A. Arnold, Ph.D. Entomological Consulting Services, Ltd. 104 Mountain View Court Pleasant Hill, CA 94523-2188 (925) 825-3784 and Kathy Lyons Biotic Resources Group 2551 So. Rodeo Gulch Road, Suite 12 Soquel, CA 95073-2057 (831) 476-4803 and Todd Graff and Norman Schwartz Bolton Hill Company, Inc. 303 Potrero Street, Suite 42-204 Santa Cruz, CA 95060 (831) 457-8696 Revised Draft March 2007 [Type text] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mr. Tom Masters (“Applicant”) has applied for a permit pursuant to section 10 (a)(1)(B) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531-1544, 87 Stat. 884) (ESA), as amended, from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (the Service) for the incidental take of the endangered Mount Hermon June beetle (Polyphylla barbata). In addition, Mr. Masters is requesting that the Service include the Ben Lomond Wallflower (Erysimum teretifolium), and the Ben Lomond Spineflower (Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana) on the incidental take permit, but that the permit is not being sought for incidental take of these two plant taxa. The potential taking would occur incidental to development of 13 single-family residences at an undeveloped, 18.07-acre parcel (APN 022-631-22) owned by the Applicant and located on Bean Creek Road in Scotts Valley (Santa Cruz, County), CA. -
5.6 Biological Resources
MADERA COUNTY SIERRA MEADOWS ESTATES SUBDIVISION EIR 5.6 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES The purpose of this Section is to identify existing biological resources on-site and in the local area, analyze potential Project-related impacts to these resources (including sensitive species) and recommend mitigation measures to avoid or reduce the significance of impacts that are identified. Information in this Section is based on analysis conducted by Foothill Associates. Appendix 15.6, Biological Technical Report includes technical information from Foothill Associates and Live Oak Associates Inc. This Section describes the biological character of the site in terms of vegetation, flora, wildlife, and wildlife habitats and analyzes the biological significance of the site in view of Federal, State and local laws and policies. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK The following describes federal, state, and local environmental laws and policies that are relevant to the CEQA review process. Federal Endangered Species Act and California Endangered Species Act The United States Congress passed the Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) in 1973 to protect those species that are endangered or threatened with extinction. The State of California enacted a similar law, the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) in 1984. The Federal and State Endangered Species Acts are intended to operate in conjunction with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) to help protect the ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is responsible for implementation of the FESA, while the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) implements the CESA. Section 7 of the FESA and its implementing regulations outline procedures for Federal interagency cooperation to conserve Federally listed species and designated critical habitats. -
Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise. -
L.Fish Camp Biotic Report 12122014
Tenaya Lodge Explorer Cabins Biotic Report Project #3540-02 Prepared for: Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Isaac Wedam 451 Clovis Ave., Suite 200 Clovis, CA 93612 Prepared by: H. T. Harvey & Associates December 2014 7815 North Palm Avenue, Suite 310 Fresno, CA 93711 Ph: 559.476.3160 F: 559.476.3170 Executive Summary H. T. Harvey & Associates (HTH) has prepared this biotic report to: 1) document the existing environmental conditions and biological resources on a parcel (the Project site) that has been proposed as the location of a high end camping facility consisting of Explorer Cabins (the Project); 2) identify the impacts of the Project on these resources; and 3) recommend mitigation measures to avoid, minimize or mitigate Project impacts. HTH followed the California Environmental Quality Act guidelines (State CEQA Guidelines) during the assessment of the level of significance of the Project’s potential impacts on biological resources. We proposed mitigation measures to reduce significant impacts to less-than-significant levels, when those impacts cannot be avoided. This report is intended to support the Project Proponent’s compliance with CEQA. The Project site encompasses approximately 24.23 acres in Fish Camp, Mariposa County, California. The Project site is undeveloped, and is within the main timber belt of the central Sierra Nevada dominated by lower montane coniferous forest. Elevations on the Project site range from approximately 4970 to 5050 feet (ft) above sea level. The Project will include 34 prefabricated cabins, a clubhouse, a swimming pool, paved parking areas and roads, and campfire pits. The site plan has been designed to avoid wetlands, meadows, a pond, rock formations, and significant vegetation, and incorporates existing roads and clearings. -
Federal Register/Vol. 63, No. 177/Monday
49022 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 177 / Monday, September 14, 1998 / Rules and Regulations Species Historic range Family Status When listed Critical Special Scientific name Common name habitat rules ******* Poa atropurpurea ..... San Bernardino U.S.A.(CA) .............. PoaceaeÐGrass ..... E 644 NA NA bluegrass. ******* Taraxacum California taraxacum U.S.A.(CA) .............. AsteraceaeÐSun- E 644 NA NA californicum. flower. ******* Trichostema Hidden Lake U.S.A.(CA) .............. LamiaceaeÐMint .... T 644 NA NA austromontanum bluecurls. ssp. compactum. ******* Dated: September 1, 1998. (Rawhide Hill onion), Carpenteria notice for these six taxa concurrently Jamie Rappaport Clark, californica (carpenteria), Fritillaria with this final rule. This final rule Director, Fish and Wildlife Service. striata (Greenhorn adobe lily), Lupinus discusses the final determination to list [FR Doc. 98±24502 Filed 9±11±98; 8:45 am] citrinus var. deflexus (Mariposa lupine), four species as threatened. Robert Hoover (1938) first described BILLING CODE 4310±55±P Mimulus shevockii (Kelso Creek monkeyflower) and Navarretia setiloba Brodiaea pallida based on specimens (Piute Mountain navarretia) is being collected near Chinese Camp in DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR published concurrently with this final Tuolumne County. Brodiaea pallida is rule. an erect, herbaceous perennial plant Fish and Wildlife Service DATES: This rule becomes effective belonging to the lily family (Liliaceae). October 14, 1998. Brodiaea pallida grows from 50 CFR Part 17 underground bulbs to a height of 1 to 3 ADDRESSES: The complete file for this decimeters (dm) (4 to 12 inches (in)), RIN 1018±AC99 rule is available for public inspection, and has long, narrow, thick, succulent by appointment, during normal business Endangered and Threatened Wildlife leaves. -
Special Status Vascular Plant Surveys and Habitat Modeling in Yosemite National Park, 2003–2004
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Special Status Vascular Plant Surveys and Habitat Modeling in Yosemite National Park, 2003–2004 Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SIEN/NRTR—2010/389 ON THE COVER USGS and NPS joint survey for Tompkins’ sedge (Carex tompkinsii), south side Merced River, El Portal, Mariposa County, California (upper left); Yosemite onion (Allium yosemitense) (upper right); Yosemite lewisia (Lewisia disepala) (lower left); habitat model for mountain lady’s slipper (Cypripedium montanum) in Yosemite National Park, California (lower right). Photographs by: Peggy E. Moore. Special Status Vascular Plant Surveys and Habitat Modeling in Yosemite National Park, 2003–2004 Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SIEN/NRTR—2010/389 Peggy E. Moore, Alison E. L. Colwell, and Charlotte L. Coulter U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center 5083 Foresta Road El Portal, California 95318 October 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations.