Echoing Hope ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The experience of working with Echoing Board of Regents, 2007. This report had a Hope Ranch’s (EHR) Board of Directors critical role in informing many of our core and in particular Marla Guerrero has design and planning decisions. allowed us to grow in unexpected ways. The Thanks to Cochise County’s planners, unique nature of this project broadened ADEQ, Rusty’s Morningstar Ranch staff and our horizons as fellow humans perhaps residents and Dennis Rogers of Safe Haven more than as designers, although we will Farms for ensuring we were on the right be better designers for the lessons. As many track. dreams as EHR’s advocates have, through Special thanks to the University of this process have come to dream of EHR too, Arizona Departments of Agriculture; and synthesize these visions into possible Environmental Engineering and Speech and realities. We are incredibly thankful for Hearing as well as to Cochise College Sierra having been a part of the visioning process Vista Campus Departments of Nursing and hope that this document will serve to and Education who all provided invaluable assist in seeing EHR’s dreams come true. advice. Tejido would also like to sincerely thank Finally, thanks to Dean Jan Cervelli Sherry Ahrentzen and Kim Steele for their and the University of Arizona College of wonderful research report: Advancing Full Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Spectrum Housing: Designing for Adults Planning for supporting Tejido. with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Arizona
2 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
. . . within the collaboration of client and designer an interweaving occurs, thus the tapestry of the garden is created . . .
Tejido developing innovative concepts through the THE TEAM LEFT TO RIGHT: For the last 20 years, the Tejido Group, application of research initiatives. We believe BACK : Dr. Mark Frederickson designers gain insight and inspiration from (professor), Ayman Al Hajji, Helen headed by Dr. Mark Frederickson, has been Erickson, Becky Blacher, Beth dedicated to research, design, planning, a variety of sources, which are reviewed Johannessen, Maria Voris and Alison and most importantly, the needs of the in depth and incorporated into the design Furuto community. This innovative group is based intentions of our teams of landscape MIDDLE: Autumn Ela, Fernando in the University of Arizona College of architecture and architecture students. Chiquette, Chris O’Brien and Justin Fritch Architecture, Landscape Architecture Tejido selects projects in which it wishes and Planning. Our primary focus is the to participate based on several criteria FRONT: Lana Idriss, , Ashley Loberg, Jim Sauer and Mark de la Torre generation of conceptual alternatives for our including project uniqueness and pedagogic (assistant professor) clients. Concentration of our efforts is on value, client need, and the project’s potential impact on society and the environment. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Appendices Echoing Hope Project and Process...... 8 Architecture and Autism ...... 102 What is Autism...... 11 Resource Use ...... 104 Water Systems...... 106 Analysis Agricultural Systems...... 108 Site Location...... 14 Background References...... 113 Environment...... 18 Image References...... 114 Aesthetics...... 24 Resources and Contacts...... 116 Interviews and Questionnaires ...... 26 Terminology...... 117 Program Therapeutic Strategies...... 32 Economic Possibilities...... 41 Environmental Systems...... 42
CONCEPTS Life In Balance...... 46 Arroyo...... 48 Nucleus...... 50 Giving and Growing...... 52 Interim Review Feedback...... 54
MASTERPLAN Masterplan...... 58 Focus Areas/Details...... 60
4 INTRODUCTION
ANALYSIS
PROGRAM
CONCEPTS
MASTERPLAN
APPENDICES
5 "A place where they can manage their own lives." - Norm smith
6 Introduction
Introduction ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
"Lifelong growth in a safe and respectful home and community" -eChoing hope's mission statement
ECHOING HOPE BOARD MEMBERS, employee growth. Respect for all people LEFT TO RIGHT: Shirley Kenan (former member), Della Thompson, Marla at EHR will ensure a happy, productive Guerrero (president), Norm Smith working and learning atmosphere. EHR (vice president), Glen Kreider and Tina will thrive on a climate of acceptance, Friel (secretary) individuality and choice. First and foremost, Not pictured: Lynn Ewan (treasurer), EHR is home to a unique group of people. Harlie Garcia and Ken Jacowsky Home is a safe harbor, a place to be loved and have fun, and a place to be comfortable and accepted. Community is built by creating a “home” for all people that set foot on EHR. This idea is premier in all we do. Project details and Process WHAT IS ECHOING HOPE RANCH? EHR’s board approached Dr. Mark Frederickson after having been informed of Echoing Hope Ranch (EHR) will provide his work with Tejido via Cochise County. opportunities not only for adolescents and EHR asked for assistance in turning their young adults who access the ranch, but for vision of a sustainable residential “ranch” for our residents throughout their entire lives. adults and teens with autism into a reality. We never stop learning and changing. A book incorporating initial concepts and EHR will offer opportunities for people a master plan were decided upon as the with autism to discover new things, to deliverables to allow EHR to approach future continuously expand their range of skills fundraising with a breadth of ideas. and to experiment with new interests and The diagram on the following page independence. EHR employees and families outlines the Tejido design process. The will also experience growth as they learn circular nature of this process allows for through interaction and life with people built in checks and balances to ensure the on the spectrum. No growth will occur end product has been thought through and without safety. In addition to physical challenged over and over again. The outer safety, EHR will provide an emotionally ring depicts the three main techniques safe environment to encourage client and for gaining a base of knowledge for the 8 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Aesthetic: has the design DESIGN PROCE series of design alternatives. Design reviews ! THE SS identified and created an are used in order to identify positive design aesthetic appropriate to the Field history and culture of the Work feedback in order to consolidate design solutions into a single master plan. The region and its vision of the future? master plan is then subject to magnification Introduction Ordering Review Sources of detail deemed appropriate to fully achieve Economic: is the design Systems of Form $ economically sustainable? Conceptual Design Ideas Implications the project’s scope. Does it create jobs and income sources for the community? Final Design Sustainability Principles Environmental: is the design Synthesis Analysis What really constitutes sustainability? environmentally sensitive? Does it connect and enhance Literature Data Tejido Group uses the ordering systems at Review Collection existing ecosystems? Does it Sustainable Strategies right to achieve sustainable design. When reduce our carbon footprint? designs account for not one but all of them Design Socio-cultural: does the Inspiration and designers return to them frequently design create opportunities for throughout the process—the goal of meaningful social exchange and learning? sustainability is achievable. For EHR, a sixth design aspect was Function: does the design project, these three components inform circulate effectively? Is it safe? Is each other and continue to be revised as added, therapeutic, because it is at the heart it easily maintained? of EHR’s success. The following gives a brief more information is needed and discovered. Therapeutic: unique to EHR is Literature review involves extensive theory introduction to the ordering systems and that a therapeutic component how we apply them in iterative questioning. to every aspect of EHR must based research from books and journals, be accounted for. Does the coupled with data gathering. Data collection design provide spaces for skill involves interviews of similar project development, safe socialization and physical healing? managers as well as research on similar projects. Field work includes site analysis to understand how the physical site functions. The three interior circles represent the primary design processes undertaken for any project. They again inform one another and further refine the outer ring. They are directly influenced by the literature review, data collection and field work. The design process is categorized by the employment of the applicable analysis in order to arrive at a
9 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: Program diagram showing will help in enjoying a productive natural relationships between the program elements in this project lifestyle. In addition to adults living at the ranch, teens can attend after-school programs and summer camps to get the ranch experience. Teens and adults not living at the ranch can still get a taste of ranch life by staying for a couple of days in our respite home. Parents have access to a guest house so they can also take a few days to experience the ranch or visit nearby attractions knowing their loved one will be safe and productive during their time at EHR. Tejido Goals • To support lifelong growth in a safe and ECHOING HOPE’S Program respectful community EHR will create an agricultural • To provide outstanding residential and day community where teens and adults with services for those with autism autism can participate in ranching and • To ensure a safe and supportive working farming activities while contributing to environment for staff the adjoining community. An emphasis on • To facilitate appropriate interaction with building with alternative energy techniques, surrounding communities, by providing rainwater harvesting and producing food service-based programs for residents as will help create a healthy and self-sufficient well as for neighbors home. EHR is conceived not as an island that • To achieve economic and environmental isolates people with autism, but as a bridge self-sufficiency to the community. Ranchers will participate • To enhance the quality of the existing in the surrounding community and invite landscape through preservation and community members to help with ranching restoration and farming activities. People living and • To develop opportunities for autism working at the ranch will have the benefit research of organized daily transitions which can • To offer a model for future autism-care be beneficial for people with autism, and centers
10 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
LEFT and RIGHT: Autism disorders manifest in many levels of function as well as in many different ways, thus affecting a large percentage of the world population. Introduction
WHAT IS AUTISM? autism, but it is likely that both genetics and Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) environment play a role. There is no cure is the most common of the Pervasive for ASD, however, therapies and behavioral Developmental Disorders, affecting an interventions are designed to remedy specific estimated 1 in 110 births. This means as symptoms and can bring about substantial many as 1.5 million Americans today are improvement. The ideal treatment plan believed to have some form of autism. It is coordinates therapies and interventions that estimated that by the year 2023, there will meet the specific needs of the individual. be 380,000 adults with autism in need of extensive services in the United States. The disorder affects individuals differently and to varying degrees. It is characterized by social impairments, communication difficulties, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. There is no known single cause for 11 "How can we help them live in the present?" - Marla Guerrero Analysis
Analysis ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: Pink star locates EHR within taking a left at S. Calle 5 and a right onto southeastern Arizona LOCATION EHR is located in southeastern Via Liberación. The ranch site is bordered Arizona in Cochise County, approximately by private land to the north, S. Via 100 miles or a 2 hour drive from Tucson, Liberación to the east, W. Red Mountain Arizona. Bisbee lies 5 miles east of the site. Road to the south and a small service road Mexico, 15 miles south, is visible from the to the west. Private land maintained by the site, surrounded by the Sierra de San Jose Bureau of Land Management and Arizona mountain range. The Huachuca Mountains State of Trust Land surround the site. The wrap around the city of Sierra Vista to drive from Rio Vista into the ranch is lined the west while the site itself is nestled into with iconic ranch entrances, perhaps a the rolling hills of the Mule Mountains, sighting of roaming cattle, and views of the covered by grasslands and speckled with open desert. Just north of the intersection ocotillo. of Via Liberación and Red Mountain is EHR is accessible via Highway 92, a wash feeding into the San Pedro River, which connects Bisbee to Sierra Vista. To while the road continues to climbs higher access the site, head north from 92 onto S. into the Mule Mountains and sweeping Rio Vista Road a well maintained dirt road, fields of yellow grasslands.
Echoing Hope Ranch
14 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
LEFT: Vehicular circulation route to EHR BELOW LEFT: Vehicular view as one turns off Highway 92 onto Rio Vista Rd.
BELOW RIGHT: Vehicular view on the dirt road, Rio Vista while heading north Analysis Red Mountain
Via Liberación
Hwy 92
Rio Vista
Design Implications • Proximity to grocery stores and amenities in nearby Bisbee, Sierra Vista and Tucson • Opportunity to experience desert flora and fauna that isn’t found anywhere else in the world • Old West history is the biggest draw Entrance of Highway 92, Driving North Rio Vista Driving North to this part of Arizona
15 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: Downtown Bisbee BELOW TOP: The Dragoon Mountains BELOW BOTTOM: Chiricahua National Monument
NEARBY AMENITIES of gold, and eight billion pounds of copper. Southern Arizona is a distinctive mix of In 1975 the mining operations slowed historic towns and scenic recreation. From beginning a rebirth of Bisbee as an artist’s Design Implications Tucson to EHR you can travel through colony and retirement community. Still, • Proximity to grocery stores and mining boom towns, such as Tombstone original buildings and structures from the amenities in nearby Bisbee, Sierra mining days remain giving Bisbee a unique Vista and Tucson (home of the OK Corral gunfight) that charm. Dozens of annual events attract • Opportunity to experience desert continue to tell the story of western living flora and fauna not found anywhere and celebrate the large community of artists tourists and travelers from all over the world else in the world in the area. such as the Bisbee Blues Fest, Stair Run, • Old West history is the biggest draw Bisbee (15 mi from EHR) was founded Brewery Daze, and Southwest Wings Birding to this part of Arizona in 1880 and was named after Judge Dewitt Festival. Bisbee, a financial backer of the Copper Sierra Vista (30 mi from EHR) Queen Mine. This picturesque mining town nicknamed “the Hummingbird Capital of the is nestled in the Mule Mountains and is one United States” was founded in 1956. This fast of the richest mineral sites in the world. It growing city owes much of its population to has produced nearly three million ounces the Army’s Fort Huachuca. Major events in 16 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP town include the Cochise Cowboy Poetry opposite the Mexican city of Agua Prieta. Festival, Southwest Wings Festival, and the Douglas is home to several historic sites Sierra Vista Symphony Orchestra. Sierra such as the Slaughter Ranch, Gadsden Hotel, Vista is also home to a host of commercial and The El Paso and Southwestern Railroad amenities including a shopping mall, over 70 Depot. The train depot is an important restaurants, and a Wal-Mart. site because it transported copper to large Naco (13 mi from EHR) is a small manufacturers in the east. Today the depot town spanning the Mexican Border and houses the Douglas Police Department a Analysis was established in the early 1900s after the great example of historic building reuse. original settlement of the Nahua and Opata Douglas’s history also includes stories of Indians. It is home to the Turquoise Valley cattle ranching and agriculture dating back Golf Course, which is one of the oldest to the 1800s. The more than a hundred courses in Arizona and has a clubhouse year old Slaughter ranch was once over dating back to the 1930s. Naco is a small a thousand acres, spanning the Mexican residential community with very little border in the Douglas area. commercial activity. It is also one of the two Whitewater Draw, attracts tourists and Arizona Gateways into the Rio Sonora region birders from around the world, who come and is the Sister city to Naco Sonora. to see the large number of migrating bird Tombstone (38 mi from EHR) is one species, including Sandhill cranes. Hiking, of Arizona’s most renowned mining camps wildlife and unique geological features in and tourist attractions. It is known as “the nearby Chiricahua National Monument, town too tough to die.” The majority of the the Dragoon Mountains, Bureau of Land town’s original architecture, dating back to Management parcels, United States Forest the 1880s, still exists and gives tombstone its Service land and Arizona State Trust land, unique charm and feel. Legendary western all offer ample recreational opportunities figures such as Wyatt Earp and Doc Holiday for both EHR residents and staff as well once roamed the streets of this town. as tourists who could serve as economic Reenactments of these historical characters resources for EHR. and events, such as the gunfight at the OK corral, draw in millions of tourists every year. Douglas (35 mi from EHR) was founded in 1901, as an American smelter town to process ore from the nearby town of Bisbee. TOP TO BOTTOM: Naco, Tombstone, It is situated along the Mexican border Fort Huachuca and Douglas
17 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
102 59 59
102 94
Spring Creek
125
138
W. Red Mountain Rd. S. Via Liberacion 8
Composition 8 Blakeney-Luckyhills of the Blakeney-Luckyhills complex complex 8 Blakeney-Luckyhills complex Wind speeds, miles per hour (soil 59 on Eloma the site) sandy is loamBlakeney and similar soils: 59 Eloma sandy loam 65%, 94 Luckyhills Keysto-Riverwash and similar complex soils: 25% and 94 Keysto-Riverwash complex 2–5 5–7 7–10 10–15 15–20 20+ contrasting 102 Mabray-Rock inclusions: outcrop 10 %. complex More information 102 Mabray-Rock outcrop complex A wind diagram from the Libby airfield in Fort Huachuca on 125 soils Riveroad may be and found Ubik in soils the Soil Survey of Cochise 125 Riveroad and Ubik soils shows the yearly wind patterns. Predominant winds are 138 Swisshelm sandy loam, salinesodic County, Arizona. 138 Swisshelm sandy loam, salinesodic from the west and southwest.
SOIL contaminated, however it is advised that The soil on site is a Blakeney-Luckyhills it be tested to determined suitability for complex, a sandy loam with a high content agriculture. (See Bisbee Soil Program for soil Design Implications of calcium carbonate that is well drained information and testing, located on page • Analyze soils to identify areas that to the hardpan. The hardpan can be quite 116). are best suited for building and plants., existing soil types can be shallow in the Blakeney soils making difficult to excavate excavation difficult. Luckyhills soils are Wind • Architectural and planted wind deeper with a potential rooting depth of 60 Fort Huachuca wind data from Libby blocks will be needed on the inches or more. Wind erosion is high and the Airfield—approximately 25 miles northeast southwest side runoff rate is medium to high. Currently the of the site—indicate that prevailing winds • Barn and pastures should be located upwind site is being grazed by cattle increasing the are from the west and southwest. Anecdotal likelihood of erosion. information and on site observations Soils in the greater Bisbee area are support that wind speed and direction follow currently being tested for metals that were patterns found at the airfield. It will be emitted by a smelter in operation prior to important to place structures and plantings 1908. It is unlikely that the soil on site is to help block wind and dust. 18 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Sierra Vista Temperatures Sierra Vista Precipitation Analysis
As shown in these graphs, Sierra Vista’s climate is relatively mild, though summer temperatures can reach into the 90s. The Echoing Hope site will have similar weather conditions.
Ttempera ure Precipitation Design Implications Climate information is based on Sierra Precipitation follows typical Arizona • Provide ample shade through Vista which is approximately 30 miles monsoon rain patterns producing the architecture and plant materials northwest of the site at an elevation of 4,633 heaviest rains in July and August with • Orient buildings for solar gain and ft. The site for EHR is at an elevation of 4653 another rainy period occurring in December maximum air circulation ft.. and Bisbee to the east is 5566 ft. and January. August receives the most rain • Capture rainwater and use gray water for irrigation and sewage As can be seen in the graph above with an average of 4 inches per year, while treatment summer temperatures range from lows in June is the driest month with an average of • Detain water on-site for irrigation the 60s to highs in the mid-90s. Winter .4 inches. Average yearly precipitation is 14 through gabions, small drainages temperatures are relatively mild with inches per year. There are few frost days or and basins • Preserve views towards mountain temperatures ranging from the mid-30s days with snow. ranges through the 60s. The warmest month of the During a site visit on January 31, 2011 year is June showing an average maximum there was storm activity in the Huachuca temperature of 93°F. while the coldest Mountains to the west moving east towards month is January with an average minimum the site producing spectacular views. temperature of 34°F. 19 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
ACME Mapper 2.0 - 8.5 km ExSE of Hereford AZ http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=31.545556,-110.276389&z=15&t=T&marker0=31.545556,-110.276389,Sierra Vista, Arizona
4625 Low4615 point
Mule Mtns. Bisbee
4620
4625
4630 4645
4640
4635 4650
Small rise
SOUTH VIA LABERACION
4650 4625
4620 4645 4630 4635 4640 EHR Site
The Huachuca Mnts. and the San Pedro
River. 4645
4640 4635 4630 United States Sierra San Jose Mtns. 4620 4625 4650 Mexico
Map data ©2011 Google - WEST RED MOUNTAIN ROAD 1 of 1 The site for EHR lies at the base of the 4/2/11 6:44 PM High point 200 100 0 200 Mule Mountains, topography on site it relatively flat at 2% 1" = ' 200 Topography southeast quadrant along S. Via Liberación The site lies at the base of the Mule Road where the elevation is 4619 ft. Mountains, a small range whose highest The relatively flat slope provides point, Mount Ballard is 7,500 ft. less visual interest on site but affords Design Implications Being east of the Mule range, the EHR uninterrupted views of the surrounding mountain ranges. Approximately 17 miles • Flat topography allows for easier site slopes down to the west at approximately building 2%. In the northwest corner the slope is to the east are the Huachuca Mountains • Areas that need irrigations need to slightly lower as it moves towards Spring reaching a height of 9,466 ft. at Miller Peak. work with water flow Creek, a dry wash. In the northwest corner is Thirty miles south in Mexico the Sierra San • Expansive, uninterrupted views can the lowest point at 4611 ft. A small rise in the Jose Mountains rise several thousand feet. be framed and used for wayfinding northwest quadrant reduces visibility across In addition to framing this views • Place well at high end of the site the site when looking from the northwest to for aesthetic purposes, surrounding southeast. Clear wayfinding will need to be mountain ranges may provide wayfinding employed to prevent ranchers from getting opportunities for Echoing Hope. lost and to provide staff with clear views. The highest area of the site is in the 20 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
4625
4615 West Huachuca Mtns. San Pedro river
Evapotranspiration
4620
4625
4630 4645 Mule Mtns.
4640 Upper basin ll
4635 Runo 4650 Stream alluvium
Lower basin ll SOUTH VIA LABERACION
Water running from the Mule mountains feeds into local
4650 4625 4620 4645 4630 4635 4640 washes that recharge the San Pedro river, and sensitive surrounding ecosystem Analysis
4645
4640 4635 4630
4620 4625 4650
Spring Creek
WEST RED MOUNTAIN ROAD
200 100 0 200
1" = ' 200
W. Red Mountain Rd. S. Via Liberacion The map above shows the site, small drainages are The site is within the Sierra Vista intermittent and sheet flow is predominant on-site, Subwatershed as indicated in the drainage channels in the north are better defined Spring Creek is a larger wash to the north of the site map above
Hyogdrol y protect the river and its unique surrounding Water on-site follows topography moving habitat from increasing human demands Design Implications in a general east to west direction. Small it has been named the San Pedro Riparian drainages leading into the site quickly fan National Conservation Area—a riparian • Designed water channels and basins preserve. will create areas where shade giving out into sheet flow. To control flooding on- trees may be planted Echoing Hope is within the Sierra site, natural drainages may be enhanced and • Greenhouses and edible gardens will directed into areas that need irrigation for Vista Sub-Watershed that includes Bisbee, use water harvesting from building agriculture or other vegetation—for example Huachuca City, Sierra Vista, Tombstone, and roofs shaded areas providing human comfort. surrounding areas of Cochise County. All • Water conservation and harvesting techniques should be employed Larger drainages lie to the north where depend entirely on groundwater, of which • Nearby washes may provide walking they work their way towards Spring Creek pumping exceeds natural recharge. The and educational experiences 1000 ft. away at its nearest point. Spring Arizona Water Company does not serve the Creek and other major drainages provide site making a well necessary. intermittent recharge to the San Pedro It will be important to conserve and River one of the last riparian habitats in harvest water from road runoff, building the southwest United States. In an effort to roofs and water that falls on-site. 21 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP On-site Vegetation
Acacia vernicosa Condalia sp. Ephedra sp. Flourensia cernua Larrea tridentata
Parthenium incanum Prosopis juliflora Rhus microphylla Acourtia nana Zinnia acerosa
A crOSS spread: Plants on-site include from left to right, viscid On-site Vegetation The site presents the opportunities acacia, condalia sp., mormon tea, tarbush, creosote bush, ocotillo, Plant species on the EHR site indicate for revegetation that may be performed purple prickly pear, walking stick that it lies within the plant community by EHR residents when led by an expert. cholla, mariola, velvet mesquite, known as Chihuahuan Desert scrub. Revegetation efforts will restore a healthy littleleaf sumac, desert holly, and desert zinnia., banna yucca, soaptree Chihuahuan Desertscrub is found in plant community, improve soil conditions yucca, and numerous grass sp. Latin southeastern Arizona and characterized by and possibly provide an economic names are shown under images. tarbush, creosote, and viscid acacia. These opportunity through a native plant nursery. indicator species were found on site along Desert Survivors plant nursery in Tucson with native grasses commonly found within employs people with disabilities at their the Desertscrub habitat. Sonoran Desert nursery and could be used Cattle grazing has denuded areas of a as a model. Plants from the Chihuahuan healthy plant community which is especially Desertscrub and adjacent communities offer apparent on the east side of the site. Several abundant choices for plants that may be used stands of ocotillo and a smattering of yucca on the site. species were also observed.
22 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Off-site Vegetation Analysis
Fouquieria splendens Opuntia macrocentra Cylindopuntia spinosior
Yucca baccata Yucca elata At least 10 grass species ABOVE: The two images above show plants communities to the north of the site. The top image is looking east Off-site Vegetation destination for morning and evening hikes into Spring Creek. The lower image is There are a variety of Chihuahuan plant as well as opportunities to observe running just north of Spring Creek in an area water during monsoons when washes fill of ocotillo, palmer’s agave and native communities within the Mule Mountains grasses. due in part to the journey from low to higher with water. elevations. Plants range from juniper and Wildlife oaks at the higher elevations to Desert Scrub Design Implications plants found on site in the lower elevations. Several bird species were observed Just north of Spring Creek the plant on site including black throated sparrow, • The Chihuahuan Desert’s large plant palette provides opportunities to community transitions into Semi-desert brewer’s sparrow and loggerhead shrike. design aesthetic spaces that are Grasslands. Here there is an expanse of Thoughtful addition of plants on site will low maintenance, provide wildlife native grasses dotted with ocotillo and agave. provide habitat for a variety of birds and habitat and are restorative to both the land and people. This lovely area is visible from on-site and other small animals such as desert cottontail views should be preserved and celebrated. and black-tailed jackrabbit. Wildlife Spring Creek itself supports larger, shade will provide enjoyment and education giving trees and less drought tolerant plants. opportunities for both residents and visitors. Its proximity to the site will offer a shady 23 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Off-Site Views
WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH HUACHUCA MOUNTAINS TOMBSTONE HILLS MULE MOUNTAINS NACO SAN PEDRO RIVER SIERRA VISTA (NW) BISBEE MEXICO NEIGHBORING RANCHES
W NW N
"When we see land as a community to which we belong we may begin to use it with love and respect." -Aldo Leopold
24 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP On-Site Views NENW C SW SE
W Analysis
SW
SW
C C SW
N NE
SW NW NE Design Implications • Preserve views of mountains • Distinct mountain views could be used for wayfinding • Incorporate nearby grassland and riparian landscapes • Respect open space aesthetic with low profile buildings
25 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Interviews (Medicaid) and 40% from local levies/ To better prepare for designing EHR, a bonds, etc. number of parties were interviewed. These • Since these are adults, they qualify for included such topics as other autism therapy ‘supplemental security income’ and food farms, potential research interests and stamps. permitting agencies. Included here are some • Funding for the cost of building comes 100% from private donations. Dennis Rogers is the executive of the highlights of these efforts. director of Safe Haven Farms located • Some problems with neighbors mainly in Ohio. Safe Haven Farms is a model Dennis Rogers because of ignorance and fear of being held of what EHR aspires to be. A non-profit liable organization that offers individuals • Maximum of 24 residents living on on the autism spectrum residential, the farm along with 8-10 staff people • They are also looking into charging rent to day and community services in a safe overnight, the ratio of staff to residents service providers for office space. and accepting farm environment. Safe Haven completed phase one is 1:4 (1 staff -in each house) On the of its construction and rehabilitation weekends, 2:4, From 3pm-7pm, 3:4, On Staff: project to convert a historic farm into average, it is 1:2.5 • No one on the staff lives on the site only the a therapeutic setting. In December residents, but there are always caregivers 2010. Phase two is scheduled to be • Independent bedroom, bathroom and the completed in the next few years. Thus, staff has a powder room in each house. on-site who work different shifts and other Safe Haven Farms offers a insights into • The house is 2800 sq. ft. with built in staff members are on call throughout the the entire process of establishing a day. residential autism program and farm. furniture. The bedrooms are 13’x18’ and are design like a hotel room. • There are layers of managers (i.e. farm • Indoor swimming pool is very therapeutic, manager, maintenance manager, residential but it is important to have only 5 or 6 in manager, etc.) who train the staff. Design Implications the pool at a time. • These managers having regular day jobs • Provide rentable spaces for services • They have a day services building where (8am-5pm) on the site, but they are also on offered by the ranch they have a learning center (equipped with call after hours. • Create opportunities for community computers, iPads, etc). activities for parents and Community: surrounding neighbors on the ranch • To give back to the surrounding • Provide 1 staff for each residence Economic: community, they plan on 10% of what • Provide independent bathrooms • 3 main funding streams: building facilities, with built in furniture staffing/transportation, and room/board they produce in their gardens to local food costs pantries and similar types of organizations. • Medicaid funding for residence which They also plan to donate 10% of their provides the costs for the staffing and flowers to nursing homes, etc. transportation: 60% from federal and state • Community rooms are designated on-site
26 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
for parent meetings and birthday parties, • Possible drains in floors, fewer doors, wrap etc. around wall, for example in bathrooms Research/Extension facilities on-site for • Consider ‘L’ shape for IDLA (apartments) colleges/universities: • Lots of storage for food, laundry, staff • Intention to incorporate a program that supplies, and space for kitchen appliances, required a year or two in training for a coffee makers, large pots and pans. curriculum in autism (a sort of practicum • Locking dumpster and maintenance space Marla Guerrero is the executive for graduate students) director of Rusty’s Morningstar Analysis • Student teaching would be available. Landscape: Ranch located in Arizona. Rusty’s Students would also be able to live a • Visual barriers—through topography—out Morningstar Ranch is a local, southwestern US, example of what semester on the farm and volunteer on of sight, out of mind EHR envisions itself being. Rusty’s the farm to fulfill community service • Well lit paths for nighttime Morningstar Ranch opened its requirements • Penetrable fence, different types of fences doors as a safe, secure and loving environment for adults with autism • Lower rent chance for college student for different areas could be helpful in 1985. It’s local location and its time interested in learning about autism. • Several different access roads for public in existence provide EHR with a great and private deal of information and examples of the good and the bad in a time tested marla Guerrero • Buffers along public access manner. Structures: • Parking should be close for parents • Small, separated buildings, and rooms must • Animals: goats, chickens, sheep, horses. have 2 escape routes (door and window) Rusty’s has 20-30 chickens and a duck. • All rooms with their own bathroom, may • Some residents like to walk dogs, but don’t Design Implications share toilets. interact with them that often. • Provide common kitchen in a small • 1 story buildings, though 2 story buildings • Small to medium size garden. The largest separated building can help separate space plot at Rusty’s was about 50 sq. ft. • Separate long term and temporary • Common kitchen area in a multipurpose • Consider shade, water and toilet residences area, nooks, mudroom, weight room, (composting?) near gardens • Provide staff meeting and training porches and/or Arizona room • Indoor and outdoor garden plots with areas • Long term and temporary residents need to gardens between houses, • Incorporate lots of storage space be separated. • Spaces between or behind buildings can be • Create relaxing areas lit at night • Utilize visual barriers to differentiate • Area for weekly staff meeting and weekly used for relaxing/escape or break time. spaces house meetings. Lockers, showers, rest rooms at pool. Other interviews were conducted with • Step down house: as indestructible as Cochise College’s Ben Berry and Jennifer Lakosil. possible.
27 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: Taking a moment to enjoy the natural world and its therapeutic benefits
Questionnaire What are your short term and long term EHR’s board members were asked about goals for the residents? their goals for this project. Some of their • In a short term: To feel safe and accepted so answers appear here. they can learn and quality of life. • In a long term: residents working/ How do you see EHR as a unique autism volunteering in the community, residents residential program? delivering produce through a CSA • Multiple points of entry for services, program to community members, agriculturally based, rural community. staffing farmers markets, selling crafts to • I hope it is not an “institution.” community. At the ranch, volunteering community members at the ranch to What physical features of the EHR is the help with gardening, crafts, landscaping most appealing to you? projects, repairs, teaching a craft, etc. Some • Open space and distance from neighbors. volunteers may be solicited to work directly with residents on certain projects.
28 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
How do you envision EHR sustaining itself etc), ability to produce its own food, ability economically? to store produce water, etc. • Sustainable funding will come mainly from • Fiscal self support, careful environmental. the Division of Developmental Disabilities which is ultimately a Medicaid funding What particular styles of architecture source. It will be supplemented by farmers’ would you to see on EHR? markets, CSA (community supported • Ranch style and durable. agriculture), fundraising events, grants, • Probably southwest, this would fit area and Analysis and training & consulting line of business also is low maintenance. (in the very distant future). • On-site and autistic operated for profit If a person were to visit EHR, what image/ businesses. memory/message would you like them to walk away with? Are there safety concerns you have for • Peace, productivity, and hope EHR, if so what are they? • Border security. Many people with autism Is there anything else you would like us to can wander and may want to “visit” be particularly aware of as we proceed? Design Implications • People with autism have such sensory neighbors, most people with autism are • Create an agriculturally based very vulnerable so have no stranger danger, challenges. Please keep sensory systems community with multiple service many people with autism may also have in mind as you develop your ideas. Use roads • Establish a safe sustainable epilepsy so have a fall risk, many people multiple types of sensory stimulation to create a space that is more inviting or less environment for learning and with autism have aggressive and/or self- working abusive behaviors so there is a need for inviting. Use textures, colors, smells, noise • Protect staff by providing multiple spaces to have multiple points of exit to masking, etc. exits from all common spaces in residences protect staff and others, the Step Down • Incorporate lots of storage space House will have incredible behavioral • Separate noisy buildings from others challenges including loud noises (yelling) to reduce anxious behaviors so should be somewhat isolated from • Incorporate iconic elements of others. ranches • Construct with the goal of durability When you see EHR as a sustainable ranch, what is this vision? • Long-term viable ranch - financially, ability to produce/use its own energy (solar, wind,
29 "We're always asking them to go just a little further." - Marla Guerrero Program Program
Program ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: One of the many forms therapy can take on a ranch
Therapeutic Strategies other animal, water, music, art, recreational, As an integral component of EHR, the and wellness therapies. Synthesizing this element of therapy holds equal if not greater research with the findings of the Arizona weight than all other design considerations. State University report, “Advancing Full Our research included review of several Spectrum Housing: Designing for Adults different therapeutic strategies. Design with Autism Spectrum Disorders”, we implication were identified and concepts hope to be able to select the appropriate developed for optimal implementation therapeutic strategies for EHR given its within the program at the ranch. While not location, anticipated residential mix, and every therapeutic strategy outlined here may overall program. make it into the final master plan, we intend to identify the most effective strategies based on proven research and case studies. In our effort to find the strategies most suitable for Echoing Hope, Tejido has studied a range of therapies including horticultural, equine and 32 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
LEFT: Flowers and hanging plants grown in a greenhouse at Bittersweet Farms in Northeast Ohio. Bittersweet Farms is the first farm model for adults with autism in the US. RIGHT: Farmer watering squash at Full Spectrum Farms. Located in North Carolina, full Spectrum Farms serves teens and adults with autism. Program Program
Horticultural Therapy exercise because the gardener needs to Horticulture has been used as a walk, stoop, bend, reach, and maintain therapeutic strategy to provide healing, balance. Sensory stimulation is provided by Design Implications touching, feeling, and smelling rehabilitation, and training. For people with • Create therapeutic and sensory autism, the benefits of gardening are well • Social Benefits: Gardening stimulates specific gardens documented by researchers. Horticultural social interaction, improves self-esteem, • Smaller plots are more manageable therapists suggest that there are four main confidence, and social skills • Mix designed planting areas with benefits to gardening: • Psychological Benefits: Gardening provides resident created and tended areas • Cognitive Benefits: Gardening increases opportunities for creative self-expression • Offer a variety of small individual spaces and experiences along with the attention span and sharpens one’s and for relieving tension, aggression, and larger more social spaces for diverse ability to follow instruction. Furthermore, frustration. opportunities. horticulture teaches about living things In addition, to providing healthy food, and the life-cycle of plants which may help relaxation, education, esteem building and in understanding abstract concepts such as sensory experiences for those with autism, time, change, growth, and death. gardens can also be a source of stress relief • Physical Benefits: Gardening is good and “escape” for care-givers. 33 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: Riding or even just petting a horse can be enjoyable as well as therapeutic
Design Implications • Using horses and other animals at EHR can provide a therapeutic option, as well as provide a task based responsibility for residents • Horses are proven to interact with autistic individuals in a special way, giving a calming effect and a positive experience • The movement of the horse is great Animal and Equine Therapy for a hands-on experience without any need for improving circulation, muscle for previous experience of horses. control, and coordination Animal assisted therapy is a strong Caring for a horse has many additional • Horses are companion animals element incorporated at EHR, with and create a bond with their riders, an emphasis on equine therapy. Many benefits including the skills to brush, feed, looking to them for direction and kinds of animals are used in therapy, and complete the task of putting away tack love generally considered to bring comfort to (neck strap or reins). The emotional bond • The act of collecting eggs and brushing a horse are examples of an individual and a sense of well-being. between a person and a horse is established beneficial skills that work well with Animal assisted therapy is known to help by this type of one on one care, hugging the completion of a familiar and individuals with autism spectrum symptoms the mane or patting the horse to let them repetitive task, a common symptom of autism improve behavioral problems and overall know they are doing a good job. Ultimately emotional health. Many of the benefits this interaction with a horse, goat, chicken include, improving communication skills, or dog will help in developing social and developing recreation skills, learning to communication skills in all areas of life, as trust, reduction of anxiety, creating a sense well as being incredibly fun. of empowerment, and the ability to have self- There are many resources for directed exploration. Horses at EHR allow information about Animal-assisted therapy 34 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
TOP LEFT: Image from the movie, The Horse Boy depicting the Isaacson family’s journey to discover more about how horses play a role in the life of their son with autism BOTTOM LEFT: Collecting freshly laid eggs is a fun way to interact with chickens and to feel a warm egg in your hand RIGHT: A lively chicken coop at Rusty’s Morningstar Ranch in Cornville, Arizona Program Program
(AAT) and Equine therapy for autism, herd, a mare called Betsy, came over and notably the founders of The Horse Boy began to lower her head in front of Rowan, Foundation in Austin, Texas have explored to lick and chew with her lips. This is the the benefits in depth in the film The Horse sign of equine submission. Rowan’s dad Boy. Their son Rowan, who was diagnosed had never seen a horse voluntarily make with autism in 2004 showed a strong this submission gesture to a human being connection with horses, “One day, Rowan before. Riding Betsy daily with his father led ran away from his dad and got through the Rowan to begin to talk and engage with his fence into their neighbor’s property and in environment and other people. among his horse herd. Rupert, his dad and Other residential ranch communities a lifelong horseman, and an ex-professional such as Safe Haven Farms, Bittersweet Farms horse trainer had been keeping his son in Ohio, Rusty’s Morningstar Ranch in away from horses. Instead of trampling Arizona are using animal and horse therapy this squirming, babbling little child lying be a part of the everyday lives of autistic on his back among their hooves, the horses individuals in a farm setting. backed off gently. Then the boss of the 35 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: Enjoying the pool at Rusty’s Morning Star Ranch in Cornville, AZ
Wtea r Therapy neurodevelopmental growth, improved Design Implications Children and adults with sensory body awareness, increased balance, sensory • Rainwater collection could be used processing issues and autism can benefit integration, and mobility skills. for the pool greatly from aquatic therapy. According Water activities provide autistic children • Outdoor pool could be a pond or to the Aquatic Therapy and Rehabilitation with proprioceptive and tactile input. The have a natural setting warm water provides a safe and supported • Indoor pool could be integrated with Institute, aquatic therapy is the use of vegetation which could harness pool water and specifically designed activity by environment, which not only supports humidity qualified personnel to aid in the restoration, the children, but also provides them with • Use evaporation processes to cool extension, maintenance and quality of hydrostatic pressure that surrounds their indoor spaces function for persons with acute, transient, or body in the water. This pressure actually • Pool will become a summertime soothes and calms the children, providing haven, plan for it chronic disabilities, syndromes or diseases (ATRA website). the necessary sensory input they crave. For children and adults with autism Water provides an environment, which aquatic therapy can focus on therapeutic reduces body weight by 90%, decreasing play-based functional movement, improving stress or impact on the body. Warm water range of motion, helping to facilitate also reduces spasticity and relaxes muscles. 36 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
ABOVE: Dancing is fun and therapeutic LEFT: Listening to music and playing music both provide benefits therapeutically Program Program
MUSIC Therapy reinforces the development of neural Music therapy can enable those without pathways to link information, which in turn language to communicate and participate supports the development of more efficient in non-verbal ways, while at the same time and effective ways to process, store and provide remediation of language skills. The retrieve information. rhythmic timing and reciprocity of musical Drama therapy provides an opportunity performance permits individuals with for verbal individuals with autism to build Design Implications autism to practice an external structure for on their imitative strengths by learning, • Provide both small instructional communication and socialization, facilitating practicing and perfecting a script in a spaces and larger performance positive changes in behavior. (American supportive setting. It also allows participants spaces to work on social improvisation and to • Ensure sound insulation is provided Music Therapy Association). around “music rooms” Dance therapy and autism movement practice social skills, invent body language therapy emphasize sensory integration and work on improvisational speaking. strategies to develop a connection between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. (AMT) Repetition of movement patterns 37 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: The possibilities for art therapy are endless, from traditional arts and crafts to seasonal fun like pumpkin carving
Design Implications Art Therapy Visual arts therapies address many of • Provide well lit areas with plenty of the characteristic imaginative and abstract storage Arts therapies have been shown to be • Create an exhibition space, for exceptionally effective in supporting people thinking differences found in autism. residents, family and the public. Use with autism. Four main areas are Through a range of media it is possible to space as an educational opportunity • visual arts therapy (painting, drawing, design therapies tailored to the individual for all involved sculpture, weaving and pottery); (American Art Therapy Association). • Provide a large open space for multiple individuals to move freely • music therapy; The tactile experience of pottery has been and dance • dance and movement therapy; and found to be productive with some (Autism • A wooden floor with dance mats • drama therapy. Treatment Center). Weaving has been found and plenty of overhead space are Specialized professional training is to be calming with others. Drawing is a good architectural choices for dance and movement therapy required to become an arts therapist. useful tool for diagnosing and remedying visual-spatial deficits. Finally, the visual arts can provide vital leisure-time skills (Art Therapy and Autism).
38 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
EHR presents an array of opportunities for outdoor recreation including running, walking, and hiking Program Program
REcreational Therapy consists of six core principles: structure There are many beneficial therapeutic and continuity, social interaction, language methods to help autistic children that do stimulation, self-calming, physical not involve taking drugs. One of the most stimulation, and direct self esteem building Design Implications important therapeutic methods is exercise (Kenny, 2002). Yoga also helps autistic • Provide multi-use paths to run, walk therapy. Daily routine exercise can help individuals by increasing their attention/ and bicycle children with autism by increasing their concentration and enhancing their mood. • Include opportunities for formal and attention span, on-task behavior, and level Some autistic individuals do not feel informal recreational opportunities throughout the site comfortable in competitive situations but of correct responding (Rosenthal-Malek & • Incorporate exercise stations Mitchell, 1997). A daily exercise routine can yoga presents a way to get physical exercise throughout the site and adjacent to be easily implemented but must be catered to without the competition. This site presents trails the individual’s special needs. extensive opportunities for recreational A more specific method is the Integrated therapy, and should definitely be utilized. Movement Therapy. This method combines yoga with mental health counseling, and speech-language pathology. The method 39 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: Yoga and acupuncture are excellent forms of therapy
wellness Therapy could easily be integrated into a typical day Other exercise opportunities that can at EHR. Design Implications be accommodated include bike riding, hiking, running, and swimming. All of • Incorporate open undefined spaces these activities represent ways for autistic for meditation and other peaceful individual activities along walking individuals to live an active and healthy and biking trails lifestyle. • Provide quiet nodes for individuals Another kind of helpful therapy is to escape when needed with calming views and shade acupuncture. The benefits of acupuncture • Allow access to water and potential among autistic individuals is well wildlife habitat documented in the research. Some research has shown that acupuncture can cause significant improvements in social initiation, receptive language, motor skills, coordination, and attention span. Acupuncture along with massage treatments 40 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Economic Possibilities LEFT: Desert Survivors Nursery, Tucson, Arizona The potential for economic sustainability at EHR is very promising. Additional revenue streams could be nurtured through such endeavors as a native plant nursery, craft sales, or a bakery. Native Plant nursery With ample open space on the EHR site, there exists the opportunity to not only restore the landscape to its natural condition, but to cultivate native plant species for sale to the surrounding community. Offering outlets in local communities such as Bisbee a therapeutic strategy in addition to an or Sierra Vista, EHR can leverage its on-site economic strategy, native high desert commercial kitchen facilities for baking, and Design Implications plants could be grown and cultivated to Program possibly grow ingredients on site. Such an • Minimum one acre should be meet a potentially large market demand for endeavor could not only provide additional designated for outdoor growing area landscaping and garden plant species that are income, but participation opportunities for • Nursery could become entry feature indigenous to the region. near perimeter of site to contribute residents across the autistic spectrum. For The Desert Survivors Native Plant to “restorative” ambience of site example, higher-functioning residents could, upon arrival Nursery in Tucson is one example of a if they desired, interact with the public at • Nursery could be integrated nursery that successfully grows and sells throughout the site rather than the sales counter while lower-functioning native desert plant species while providing enclosed or segregated from other residents could produce baked goods in a programmatic elements employment to people with disabilities kitchen setting with less interaction. • Commercial kitchen facilities should (desertsurvivors.org 2011). We believe a In lieu of, or in addition to, a bakery, any be located in a common area such as program similar to this would be well suited admin/therapy commons type of craft produced by the residents could to South-Eastern Arizona in general and the • Bakery retail outlet, if located on also be sold in any such retail outlet, whether EHR site specifically. site, should be at perimeter of site on site or in surrounding communities. near parking and public interface facilities buffered from residential Bakery units Another economic possibility lies in the creation of a bakery outlet that serves baked goods produced by the residents of the Ranch. Whether sold on site or at
41 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
LEFT: A Living Machine™ functioning inside a greenhouse which also serves as a small picnic area TOP RIGHT: El Monte Sagrado Resort in New Mexico which operates a Living Machine™ to purify its waste water BOTTOM RIGHT: Guilford County School using it’s Living Machine™ as an educational tool
Tidal Wetland System ways, by providing a water source for a Design Implications A tidal wetland system similar to the revegetation nursery and secondly as a • Can be placed inside or outside manufactured Living Machine™ is a system model of sustainability. Care for the specific • Most efficient to work with gravity, for processing black water. Once cleaned the plants associated with the system such as placing appropriate buildings up/ downslope of one another water can be used to irrigate any non-edible common horsetail Equisetum arvense and • Create a riparian, water cleansing vegetation, including riparian restoration. scouring rush, Equisetum hyemale (both plant palette This water source can also be used to water Chihuahuan native riparian species) could • Provides a reliable and consistent and bathe livestock. The system utilizes provide therapeutic benefits as could the water source for irrigation and aquatic plants as well as microbes to filter resulting habitat restoration. This system habitat restoration could be implemented within a greenhouse • Create EHR as a model of and purify the water while simultaneously sustainability providing an aesthetically beautiful and and/or operating within planters outside. ecologically restorative system to be enjoyed In the later case the water would have to by all EHR visitors and residents. remain enclosed where it can not be accessed Such a system could save EHR in by humans or air. This would inhibit odors terms of energy and water usage, as well and ensure the system adheres to health as provide economic generation in two standards. 42 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Wtea r Harvesting LEFT: Swale with check dams to slow the water. This creates a pleasant and Harvesting water involves the capture, aesthetically appealing ecologically diversion, and/or storage of rainwater, sound space. gray water and potentially black water for irrigation and other uses. The following are some benefits to harvesting water: • Conserve groundwater • Reduces water costs while providing excellent water quality • Reduce storm water runoff problems, • Restore riparian ecosystem • Flush salt buildup in soil • Decrease landscaping and property is provided to vegetation both in and maintenance needs/costs beside the wash. Typically, they should be There are many ways to collect and store included on a smaller scale to avoid any water including: problems. Program • Swales: Created by digging a basin on a • Cisterns: Receptacles for holding rainwater contour and piling the remaining dirt on that is typically collected from rooftops of the downside of the basin to build a berm. buildings. Cisterns can sit on top of houses, Swales are designed to slow water and on the ground, or can be buried below spread it horizontally across the landscape. ground. They should include a filter or They allow water to soak into the ground, screen to keep mosquitoes and debris out. supplying vegetation with extra water Water collected can be used for irrigation and inhibiting soil erosion. Swales can be purposes. Design Implications used in planting areas or on roadsides to • Permeable Surfaces: Pervious materials help with erosion. The berm can become • Incorporation of water harvesting such as granite, gravel, and open paving will reduce the need to pump as a multi-use space for pathways and plant blocks allow water to soak into the soil. much well water material. This coupled with gabions Using pervious materials for parking areas, • Harvested water will allow a large would be a perfect solution parallel to Via scope of vegetation to survive and plazas, pathways, and even roads would be maintained Liberación and Red Mountain. allow water to penetrate back into the • Gabions: Rocks bound in wire mesh are ground, which will soften the landscape, placed in drainages to slow erosion. The and potentially contribute to aquifer sides are keyed into the wash banks to recharge. hold them in place. In this way, extra water
43 "How do you provide spaces for ranchers to be themselves?" - harlie garcia Concepts
Concepts ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Program Residential Guest and staff Administration Therapy and wellness Greenhouses Agriculture fields Stables Tack room Animal holding pen Workshop
iberacion Arena L
ia Native plant nursery V Community play areas Service Restored arroyo Entrance Intensive grassland restoration Cactus garden Picnic areas Extensive trail system Main Entrance Star gazing platform Viewing platforms
Red Mountain Road
As part of the holistic approach to A Holistic their daily routine. living, the programmatic elements Life in Balance: are organized into the four main Approach to Ranch Living Restoration of the landscape comes in components of restoration, The programmatic elements of this the form of large revegtation areas that serve conservation, discovery, and living. site plan are organized around a central as buffers to the noise and bustle of more MIDDLE: Living and activity nodes are circulatory spine evoking the image of a tree. public spaces. restoration of the spirit comes connected by an interior road Moving in an outward direction from this in the form of programmed therapy and BOTTOM: Ranchers can choose their spine, the built environment slowly dissolves secluded nooks for ranchers to getaway, yet level of interaction with the public and modify their routine into the natural landscape. still feel part of it all. Discovering new tasks and talents, Not only is Echoing Hope a ranch, but ranchers are encouraged to choose their level it is a home with independent residences of interaction with the public and modify offering a quiet place to call their own. 46 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Entrance showing pasture and stables
Administration building looking toward Section of the proposed arroyo restoration grassland restoration environment
TOP: Wind turbine at Empire Ranch Middle: Warm earthen materials
provide solace and durability Concepts Bottom: Breezeways offer shade and ventilation while framing views
Opportunities The structure acts as a shelter for • Consideration is given to living, residents, and a steward of the working, therapy and play environment by collecting rainwater, • Transition zones buffer public from balancing the sunlight, welcoming private, work from play cross-ventilation, and occupying a small footprint. • A created wash provides an interior axis for the site • A multi-use trail links the focus areas of the inner campus
47 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
KEY (cont.) 21. Group Homes 22. Pool/Recreation 23. Vegetable Garden 24. Greenhouse 25. Potting Shed/ Bathroom 26. Multi-use Trail 27. Trail Stops 28. Ocotillo Preserve 29. Restored Pasture ABOVE: Bubble diagram 30. Restored Chihuahuan showing the arrangement of Vegetation different programmatic spaces RIGHT: Arroyo concept plan 31. Bosque 32. Wash KEY 1. Grove 2. Rock Wall iberacion 3. Bridge L ia 4. Main Drive V 5. Fountain 6. Entry Gardens 7. Water Tower 8. Main Bldg. Red Mountain Road 9. Marla’s House 10. Service Entrance Arr oyo: A mEANIINGFUL TRANSITION axis for the design, eventually spreading out 11. Maintenance Shop The entrance grove of pecans at the into a drainage basin in the northwest corner 12. Production Bldg. of the property. Although this wash will be 13. Barn/Chicken Coop intersection of West Red Mountain Road and dry during the greater part of the year, it will 14. Horse Corral South Via Liberación signals an oasis. Set always be attractive with desert vegetation. 15. Parking off from the road by a stone wall– perhaps 16. Buffer built by the residents themselves– the The residential and work areas are 17. Staff Facility grove is pierced by rivulets collecting water buffered from the public entrance by the 18. Activities runoff from the roads into a central wash administrative building, which also serves 19. Step Down which then disappears under the central as a reception area for visitors. Housing for 20. Respite/Visitor/Home administration building. This created wash residents, staff and guests is located south of leads through the site and provides a central the wash while the greenhouses, gardens and 48 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
A proposed residential plan emphasizing shared courtyard space in between
A sketch of the main entrance with the The Arizona Cancer Center in Tucson, Andy Goldsworthy’s Storm King Wall wash running through the building AZ by Ten Eyck Landscape Architects Concepts barn are located to the north, appropriately group homes, a pool, a barbeque and a one- Opportunities separating home and work, yet linking them on-one basketball hoop afford recreational • Consideration is given to living, by means of bridges. Staff housing and the opportunities, and a trail system enhanced working, therapy and play • Transition zones buffer public from activities/therapy building are conveniently with bridges traversing the wash encircles private, work from play located on the main entrance road, yet the ranch, providing open-air exercise • A created wash provides an interior through their orientation they also offer a punctuated with shaded activity or reflection axis for the site direct connection to the ranchers’ central nodes. Restored areas of native vegetation • A multi-use trail links the focus areas living and working areas. A network of all- buffer ranch activities from the surrounding of the inner campus purpose trails minimizes roadways within roads and mountains. the site while providing essential access for emergency and service vehicles. Near the 49 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
KEY 12 1. Entrance 2. Admin 3. Multipurpose Building 4. Corrals 5. Barn 6. Shops 7. Greenhouses 8. Permanent Residences 9. Future Expansion 10. Temporary Residences
iberacion 11. Guest House L
ia 12. Marla’s House V
A. Vegetation B. Nursery C. Ocotillo/Yucca/ Grassland D. Riparian Bosque E. Solace Garden Bosque
Red Mountain Road
TOP: This concept diagram arises Nucleus parental care and behavioral observation can from the creation of an axis off of the Living Machine™ which bisects EHR’s residents are the central focus occur. the exterior public axis and interior of this concept, they are the hub around private residence sphere. which everything else revolves. Therefore Interaction zone: BOTTOM: This diagram indicates how enhancing the lives of the residents is the The public and the residents mingle the masterplan form was derived with the working components of the ranch. based on off-site views. Pulling the primary goal, and achieved through the public circulation towards the exterior creation of three distinct areas of space: The barn, shops and commercial kitchen and on-site views pushing the private provide therapeutic work for residents while circulation towards the interior Observation zone: also allowing a safe space for an exchange of creating distinct paths with distinct purposes. This public zone, hosts guests and is in experience and learning. proximity to the Step Down House, where 50 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Paved public path
Residence gathering space between IDLA residences
LEFT: Tensile structure next to the administration building RIGHT: Tensile structure over the residence gathering space
Opportunities • Easy way-finding, distinct areas of
activities, and system integrated Concepts architecture spaces Isolation zone: transitions between public and private and • Encourage isolation and others for socialization, variety recreation This is designated as a peaceful natural active and passive spaces are seamless and opportunity, and skill development environment for the residents to release comfortable. station. stress and escape their daily routines. • Rent-able community garden space, Different activities ranging from nighttime food production and commercial kitchen, and native plant nursery. stories to art performances can occur in this • Landscape restoration, water space. conservation and treatment, and EHR welcomes two other groups of habitat restoration. people, the public and employees, who’s • Public interaction performance spaces, and behavior observation spheres revolve around the central nucleus classrooms of the residents. The nucleus ensures that 51 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Program Residential Step down Respite Administration Therapy Greenhouses Garden space Native plant nursery Demonstration garden Barn
ABOVE: Diagram showing strategic iberacion Shop L zoning and circulation strategy ia Pastures V Living machine Orchard Revegetation Bosque Basin Ocotillo grasslands Star gazing Trail system Viewing platforms
Red Mountain Road
Gi ving & Growing: water from structures. A small area is set Season to Season aside near the main entrance to the site for This design concept starts with a a retail opportunity, perhaps a native plant protected central core for the residents with nursery, along with demonstration gardens. autism. This central core is a pedestrian Walking paths criss-cross the site, providing friendly zone protected by housing and opportunities to appreciate views. therapy opportunities that contain native, drought-tolerant plantings, including trees. This central core uses rainwater collected from the site and surrounding roadways along with rainwater from roofs and gray 52 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Perspective drawing of entry sequence showing glimpses of barn and Perspective drawing of private wooded area with wash administration building, evoking southwest ranch cultural/aesthetic for use by residents
Section drawing of residential units and earth-sheltered therapy building Concepts Opportunities • Dual pastures provide respond to seasonal changes • Housing can be spread out more, providing even more opportunities for indoor/outdoor living • Smaller modules of development, especially in therapy building • Programmed events on walking trails, including star gazing • Options for shared and private Historic Old Main on the UA campus keeps cool A bosque provides shade, habitat and sensory spaces are appreciated in residential with a wrap around porch, thick stone walls and experience area high ceilings 53 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: EHR Board discussing their vision at the EHR site “camp-out”
Interim Review FEEDBACK • 30-50 parking spots for employees plus Echoing Hope Board members attended space for students, guests and volunteers a presentation and charette in March 2011 to review our initial concepts. A compilation Housing needs: of greatly appreciated feedback is included • IDLA and group homes can be grouped below. together • IDLA must have a street entrance (HUD General needs: housing requirements) • Half of the ~40 acres will be donated to • Guest, respite, and Step Down homes EHR, thus all the buildings should be should be close to staff house and located on about 18+ acres. The other half administration is open to trails (with viewing platforms), • 2 IDLA buildings with 8 apartments in restorations, corrals, etc, but should not each building have buildings. This is especially important • Common areas for kitchen, dining, living if a portion of the land is sold in the future. • 1 group home with 4 bedrooms 54 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
• 1 Step Down house with 3 bedrooms Concerns: placed near a road for emergency access • One building containing many functions • 1 respite home with 4 bedrooms and 2 • Control of ‘washes’ near and through bathrooms. It should be its own building. buildings • 1 guest house with 4 bedrooms and 2 baths. • People driving to location for retail trade • 1 staff house with a large bunkhouse room, • Emergency access common kitchen, dining and living areas • Access to barn and greenhouses as well as 2 restrooms (male and female) • Patterns of light • Noises Likes: • Length of time it will take trees to grow in • Buildings close without feeling congested internal spaces with public buildings first. • Durability of tensile shade structures • Close but separate buildings for wellness/ • Fountains therapy • Earth integration, with consideration to natural light and fresh air in buildings • Raised patio and shade structures Design Implications • Residents in interior of facility • Provide service roads closer to • Step Down house removed from other housing and emergency roads homes • Need 50 parking spaces dispersed • Woodshop (may be in the barn) on the site • Separation of work spaces • Use only 18 acres for the buildings and the rest for trails only • Restrooms near major work/play areas Concepts • Staff housing should be located (gardens, greenhouses, pool) close to the Step Down house, the • Rentable greenhouse space and chickens/ Guest house and the Respite house greenhouse and away from the IDLA and Group • Living machine (need to provide cost and homes • Shaded patios and clear stories maintenance information) should be incorporated for the • Draining water on site into planted areas, quality of light they provide and the greenhouses, or natural drainage areas transition zone they create • Fewer roads • Water collection and conservation (combined with pool) • Geothermal heating and cooling • Trees around perimeter and at entrance 55 Ride the horse Herd the sheep Clean the wool Feed the chickens Collect the eggs Build a fence Water the vegetables Plant the seeds Harvest the crops Cook your favorite meal -Beth Johannessen Masterplan Masterplan ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Echoing Hope Master plan 1 Entry 2 Parking 3 Nursery and public greenhouses 4 16 Retail space 20 5 Well 6 Staff housing 19 7 Administration 8 Seasonal wash 9 Great room 15 10 Amphitheater 18 11 Therapy buidings 12 Outdoor therapy garden 13 Central courtyard 14 Guest and respite 15 Group homes 16 Step down house 17 Independent living arrangements 18 Barn 21 19 Chicken coop 20 Pasture 17 21 Greenhouses 22 22 Revegetation throughout site
0’ 47.5’ 95’ N 58 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
2 12 3
6 11
2 1 10 2 7 4 13
9 14 8
2
2 South Via Liberacion
5 Masterplan
1
West Red Mountain Road
59 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP ENT RANCE AREA Just as water meanders across desert land, the entrance road leads the visitor through a regenerated grassland to the welcoming central plaza. From the east a wash leads through the space, collecting water when it rains, but also serving as a celebration space for art, plants or other displays during drier seasons. Shaded parking is available in a grove near the plaza, but the view from the buildings is of desert trees and shrubs. Past the plaza are employee parking and sites for a future sales area and rentable greenhouses. A service drive links this area directly to W. Via Liberación. A narrower road continues to the therapy commons and residences.
View of Entry from S. Red Mountain Road
60 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
1 Main entrance 2 Vegetation buffer 3 Stone wall 4 Regenerated grassland 5 Cistern 6 Great room 7 Flagstone patio 18 8 Drop-off 9 Parking grove 10 Wash 11 Gabion bridge 12 Water collection and celebration The central plaza is visible from the 13 15 entrance, while at the same time it Native grass garden 17 14 is buffered by the indirect approach Administration and Reception of the road. The wash provides an 15 Employee parking grove internal view through the ranch. 16 16 Retail 5 17 Utility entrance 14 18 Rentable greenhouses 19 Well 12 6 7 11 10 13 A gabion bridge crosses the swale 5 which collects runoff from the road to maintain the vegetative buffer 8 surrounding the ranch.
9
4 Masterplan 19
0’ 25’ 50’ N 3 2 1 61 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
ABOVE: This bird’s eye view shows the The entry node is the beginning of a Aesthetic, economic, environmental, guest drop-off along the entrance road, paths to the administration conceptual axis that orders and organizes the functional, social and therapeutic complex, plaza, grassland, wrap- entire site. At this, the most public end of the considerations played a major role in shaping around porches and cisterns. Native, axis, man-made, formal and linear elements the building forms and outdoor spaces. drought-tolerant plants are used throughout. are used to match the context of the roads As the road winds around the entry that bound the site, and deal with the most plaza, opportunities are provided for drop- public functions’. Organic and natural forms off and parking. Considerations are made for are found here, to start the transition to the people of all physical abilities. Brick paths more private zones. connect plazas and porches composed of All of the ordering systems were used flagstone and concrete. to inform design decisions in this node. The two major buildings in this node
62 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP frame and celebrate the central axis through Residents can spend time here with their the site, providing a gate keeping function to families. Resident holiday parties can be held separate the most public part of the site from here. Even within the largest room of this the more private and protected nodes to the building, a protected alcove provides a safe north and west. retreat. Inspired equally by vernacular Administration functions are broken into buildings from the American West and three distinct volumes under a single roof. modern sustainable principles, these The central volume houses reception and two major structures house reception several offices. A staff kitchen, breakroom and administration functions along with and patio share space with rest rooms. The providing a Great room for celebrations and wrap-around porch for this building is gatherings of all kinds. expanded to the west to celebrate the views The Great room can be used equally and create connections to the rest of the site. by residents and visitors to the site. Donor parties can spill out onto the entry plaza. Large staff meetings can be held here.
Looking out from Great Room Masterplan
63 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
1 Road 2 Drop-off 17 3 Cistern 4 Great Room 5 Flagstone Patio 6 Grassland 16 7 Rainwater Retention 8 Ramps 15 9 West Porch 9 11 11 3 10 10 13 Offices/Storage 14 11 Breezeway 12 Reception Porch 12 13 Offices and Reception 14 Rest Rooms 8 15 Staff Break Room 16 Staff Porch 17 Staff Parking 4 7 5
6
3
2
1
N 0’ 8’ 16’ 32’
64 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Environmental, economic and aesthetic impression they create. Asymmetry is used pressures worked together to shape these in the roof forms to peak over the most buildings. Long, relatively narrow buildings enclosed spaces with eaves stretched out over accommodate passive solar design, open porches and glass enclosed regions. I nitial Concept daylighting and natural ventilation strategies. Wrap-around porches, a shared patio, Single structure, aligned east-west Exposed concrete slab foundations are left operable glass windows and doors all for optimal solar response, narrow north-to-south for daylighting and exposed on the interior as an economical combine to facilitate and celebrate indoor/ ventilation. Wrap-around porch to flooring choice that allows for easy clean- outdoor living. create shaded outdoor space. up and offering the potential for radiant Vernacular architecture comes from heating. an era with limited access to energy Peaked roofs provide a familiar and and imported materials, coming into comforting form while simultaneously total synchronicity with responsible echoing the mountain forms that surround environmental design. This overlap also the site and facilitating rainwater collection. leads to less energy and cost associated with Second Iteration An open gable faces south to indicate the transporting materials costs and ultimately Separation of great room functions reception area. All other roofs are closed reduced operating costs and increased from administration functions, framing open space to southeast off in hips to help lower and elongate the human comfort. and northwest.
Looking along the wash
Third Iteration Creating breezeways and separation in administrative areas. Masterplan
Final Iteration Great Room twisted to frame conceptual axis and block summer afternoon sun.
65 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
20 To therapy commons 20 5 15
19 20 18 17 14 18 10 7 20 18
19 1
8 20 9 13 12 To residences 11 and barn 15 2 15 6 15 To main entrance 4 3
20 16
17
0’10’ 20’ 40’ N Central Courtyard private to public. Vegetation screening The central courtyard serves two further defines spaces as well as serves as purposes, as a large gathering space for wayfinding. Dense canyon hackberry trees public and private events and as a buffer line the wash and designate the primary between the public and private portions circulation path from the administration of EHR. Every space within the courtyard building to the interior of EHR. Desert aims to be therapeutic to its users, whether willows and mesquites designate secondary they be residents, staff or guests. Porches, paths and a grove of pomegranates surround patios and small outdoor spaces around the fire ring signaling the start of the most the buildings provide transition zones from public space, the administration area. 66 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Central Courtyard Program administration building down the ramp 1 Administration Building with wrap to the amphitheater. around porch and views to courtyard 8 Concrete ramp to Ampitheater 2 Great Room Building which shares a large 9 Concrete to Courtyard and the rest of outdoor patio, fire ring and BBQ space EHR with the guest house 10 Wash with Tidal Wetland System 3 Guest House (see Living Room) reclaimed water and gray water from 4 Respite House with personal patio and bordering buildings secondary therapy space for specific use 11 Fire ring and nighttime gathering space of these residents 12 Strolling Solace Garden primarily for 5 Staff Housing with private patio space family and friends seeking respite 6 Half-court basketball court is a portion of 13 SecondaryTherapy Commons the secondary therapy space 14 Time-Out Quiet Gazebo and Wash access 7 Public Ampitheater with Tidal Wetland for use by residents seeking a respite from Planters ringing it. Once purified the rest of the central courtyard and the through these planters, the water would therapy gardens to the north be divided with some feeding into the 15 Personal Patios with trellises of vines wash #10 and the rest piped to the barn 16 Secondary Wash for use by livestock and agriculture 17 Parking Groves with permeable fields. Explanation of this fascinating decomposed granite surfaces process is inscribed in the rusted metal 18 Bridges over dry/wet washes planters, so the process is visually linked 19 Permeable dirt pathways to your physical movement from the 20 Grassland and natural areas
TOP TWO: Both of these images depict landscape architect Christy Ten Eyck’s use of dry and wet washes and serve as inspiration for the EHR wash. Masterplan ABOVE LOWER: Corten steel planters with reeds for the tidal wetland planters. LEFT: Time-out gazebo with access Ocotillo Grassland Time-out Gazebo Trail Wash to the wash. This space provides a naturalistic quiet area. 67 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
ABOVE: Amphitheater bird’s eye view RIGHT: Amphitheater section
ABOVE and BELOW: Perspective and section of the amphitheater with Tidal Wetalnd Planters and ramps
Main Entry Ramp Wash Amphitheater Stage Tiers Ramp Tidal Wetland Planters
Tidal wetland planters full of water the mountains while creating a comfortable BELOW TOP: The Cuyamaca Water purifying reeds line the ramp into and space in the hottest part of the day. Openness Conservation Garden, with vegetation lined tiers inspired the amphitheater surround the amphitheater. This formal defines the space without creating a harsh entry marks this as a public space. An open sun/shade contrast, reducing the possibility BELOW BOTTOM: Open shade structure shade structure overhead frames views of of alarm upon entering.
68 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
The importance of providing respite to or a small group of people to enjoy seclusion, not only the residents but staff and guests away from the rest of the world. The section is incorporated in the strolling garden. A at the top depicts the strolling garden on the simple labyrinth allows one to find comfort left and the fire ring and living room/guest and peace by methodically moving through a house patio on the right, where storytelling, maze. A gazebo with a swing in the center of stargazing, dancing take place by night; the labyrinth provides space for one person picnics and BBQs by day.
ABOVE: Inspiration for these spaces comes from landscape architect, Andrea Cochrain’s orchard surrounding a fire pit and picnic area LEFT: Perspective of strolling garden BELOW: Section of strolling garden and living room/guest house patio Masterplan
Stolling Garden Gazebo Patio Space Pomegranate Orchard Fire Ring Living Room Gazebo 69 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
11
Back patio 7 5 4 Therapy buildings
6
8 1 9 3
2 To group homes 10
To guest and respite To admin and great room
N 0’ 25’ 50’ T herapy Commons information specific to outdoor spaces Therapy is an important part of Echoing for autistic adults is harder to come by. Hope Ranch and therapy buildings provide Therefore, this garden takes its direction indoor therapy opportunities while the from literature reviews of therapy and outdoor garden space provides a variety healing gardens in general, gardens for of outdoor activities for exercise, sensory autistic children, natural playgrounds and experience and relaxation for both hyper- information gathered from Marla Guerrero. and hypo- sensitive residents. Following is the program for this space. While there is a wealth of information 1 Indoor/outdoor pool near the therapy on outdoor spaces for autistic children, building for year round swimming. 70 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
2 Recessed outdoor classroom near therapy that collects water from the ramada roof. buildings provides space for outdoor Lighting may be generated by wind classes and projects. or solar. 3 A central sundial with small turf area 6 The boulder garden is for climbing serves as a central meeting place. and hiding. Rock paths help with Alternating paving textures provide coordination and balance. wayfinding with water runoff being 7 A shallow duck pond has a gazebo and directed into turf area. Perimeter seating platform that extends slightly over the is available with views towards the pond. therapy courtyard. This space may be 8 An alleé of trees leading from the sundial used as a stargazing area at night. provides a safe, cave-like feeling. 4 A sensory garden provides plants and 9 A ‘playground’ offers swings, culverts materials of differing colors, textures for privacy, a merry-go-round, slide and and fragrances. Plants may include: climbing wall. screwbean mesquite (see, touch), velvet 10 The terrain park is an area of varying mesquite (taste), desert willow (see), inclines, surface materials and levels Aloysia sp. (smell), sandpaper bush of difficulty with seating available, and (touch), chocolate flower (see, smell), enhanced with plant materials. creosote (touch, smell), Opuntia sp. (see, 11 Shaded, curved seating provides privacy don’t touch!), Agave sp. (see, touch), and and views to the north and south. grasses (see, touch). 12 A perimeter trail for walking and/or 5 A ramada for potted plants will have exercise has surface texture changes, watering cans available for unscheduled stair climbing, balance beams and use. Water is available from a cistern monkey bars. Masterplan
71 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Level changes offer exercise opportunities for residents and serve The above illustrations give a closer look The central sundial image on the as buffers from public spaces. at the therapy garden. The Terrain park following page (top) has a path of pavers can be seen on the right with the therapy ringing it. Pavers of varying textures and buildings in the background. As mentioned patterns will be used as a wayfinding strategy earlier, this area will have levels of difficulty directing residents to different areas of and should have shaded areas for sitting and the site. resting. The hills will also provide a visual Visible in this image is the ramada with buffer from the more public buildings and cistern, the sensory garden, boulder garden, spaces to the east. At left is an area of shaded alleé and shaded seating. seating with the sundial further beyond. The The section (bottom right) shows predominant trees in this space are velvet the therapy garden looking towards the mesquite. Secondary trees are desert willow buildings. The right side shows the terrain and canyon hackberry. challenge and the level changes. 72 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
A sundial serves as a meeting place. From here distinct paths lead to various areas of the therapy garden.
Ramada, cistern, boulder garden and plant buffer Therapy buildings Masterplan Masterplan
Paths to Gazebo Duck pond adjacent areas Path around Path around Path Alleé and Shaded Path Terrain Path pond pond paths seating challenge 73 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
7 8 2
3
6 4
1 5
The Therapy Commons serves as a place whether they would like to do their activity for residents to engage in indoor and outdoor indoors or outdoors and environmental activities where they have the opportunity to factors such as the amount of sunlight or participate in activities that foster mental and ventilation entering their space. physical health and wellness. For staff members and potential students and researchers, this T herapy Building Program serves as a place to encourage, inspire, teach 1 Classrooms for training and research and learn in a comforting, calming and 2 Main activity building with exercise, relaxing environment. activity and meeting rooms The differing lifestyles of the residents 3 Opportunity to bring activities outdoors are integrated into this space as each resident 4 Outdoor pool for water therapy has control and choice in their therapy 5 Outdoor classroom space activities. Each can control and manage a 6 Smaller activity building with meeting number of factors including the amount of spaces for phasing purposes interaction they have with other residents, 7 Outdoor therapy garden and relaxation 74 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP SSuuSTAiNABLEstainable STrATEGiESStrategies DesDESiGNign Cons CONSiDErATiONiderations S • Rainwater collection system 1 Rammed earth wall construction for low 1 Rainwater Collection System 1 • Operable windows constructionRammed earth wallcosts const as soilructio cann to be prov obtainedide low constrcution costs as soil can be obtained on site as Opera• Operableble Windo shadingws for Nascreenstural Ventilation on site creating a harmonious relationship 7 8 well as creating a harmonious relationship with the 2 • Thermal rammed earth wall withdesert the env desertironme ntenvironment Opera• Indoorble Shading and outdoor Screens therapeutic activities 2 FrostedFrosted glass glass sliding sliding doors doors on the on in theterior interior to allow 3 • Landscape irrigation collection system to allow for flexible spaces and privacy • Natural ventilation dependentneeds of the resideon thent sneeds of the residents 3 Masonry walls for low maintence and construction 1 6 Indoor and Outdoor Activity Spaces for 3 4 • Daylighting strategies Masonryand to crea wallste a clear for visual low maintenancerelationship wit hand other Cross Ventilation construction will create a clear visual materials on site 2 1 relationshipOperable rusted with metal other scre ensmaterials on the building on site Landscape Irrigation Collection System 4 5 4 Operablefacades to rrustedespond tometal clim atscreensic conditions on the and the privacy needs Daylighting Strategies building facades to respond to climatic conditions and privacy needs
2
3 THErAPy COMMONS PrOGrAM 1 Classroom building for training and research residents to engage in indoor and outdoor activities where they have the opportunity to participate in 2 Main activity building including an excercise activities that fosters mental and physical health and room, activity rooms and meeting rooms 3 Opportunity to bring activities outdoors researchers, this serves as a place to encourage, inspire, 3 teach and learn in a comforting, calming and relaxing 4 Outdoor pool for water therapy environment. 4 5 Outdoor classroom space Masterplan 6 Smaller activity building with meeting spaces each resident has a choice and is able to control and Design Final manage a number of factors including the amount of for phasing purposes interaction they have with other residents, whether they 7 Outdoor therapy garden and relaxation space would like to do their activity indoors or outdoors and environmental factors such as the amount of sunlight or ventilation entering their space. 4 75 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Floor Plan Key 1 Classrooms 6 Bathroom 2 Activity rooms 7 Meeting spaces 3 Outdoor activity Spaces 8 Multi-purpose room 4 Indoor/outdoor pool 9 Locker room 5 Outdoor classroom 10 Fitness room
By offering both indoor and outdoor spaces for different activities, each resident is given a choice, promoting a healthy and independent lifestyle. Residents have the ability to control and manage their environment. Operable rusted metal shading screens shown here offer flexibility and privacy for residents. By limiting visual connections to adjacent areas on the site, residents are not subjected to sensory overload and can focus on their activities. 76 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP FLOOr PLANA KEyesthetic 1 Classrooms 6 Bathroom ! • Operable and flexible spaces 3 2 Activity Rooms 7 Meeting spaces 3 2 provide adequate ventilation 2 3 Outdoor Activity Spaces 8 Multi-purpose Room 6 and are able to accommodate 4 Indoor and Outdoor Pool 9 Locker Room 7 2 10 different lifestyles and 5 Outdoor classroom space 10 Fitness Room 8 6 corrugated metal roof preferences. 3 4 9 rigid insulation for masonr• Nyatural wall lightopen web jisoist available in all roof framing acoustical purposes rooms through the 1 use of indirect lighting and 6 clerestory windows to reduce 5 1 glare. • The design has a sense of clarity 6 2 1 7 2 and order to provide a calming indoor outdoor effect for residents. N Supervision and ease of observation are elements of managing the Simple building strategies and materials to minimize sensory environment to ensure safety. overload Economic • Buildings surroundProvides adequa a centralte choice courtyardand independence for while safety ensuring Operable building components give residents the abiandlity to adsecurityjust safety with internal courtyard/patio spaces $ • Constructability can be done by theclim residentsatic elements such as sunlight, temperature and natural Provides an area on site away from living and working resident is given a choice, promoting themselves. ventilation. • Indoor and outdoorDesign of all activity spaces accom spaces.modate and encourage physical a healthy and independent lifestyle. Connection of learning and teaching with activity room and movement. Resident have the ability to control • Low-maintenance materials and systemsclassroom adjacencies . and manage their environment. Buildings surround a central courtyard for safetySoc and isecuro-itcy ultural • Use of on-site dirt for construction ofIn doorrammed and outdoo earthr activi tywall. spaces. Operable rusted metal shading • Spaces designatedNatural forlight isoutreach available in all from rooms thr communityough the use of Rainwater collection from the roofs for landscape restoration and indirect lighting and clerestory windows to reduce glare. and privacy for residents. By limiting Environmental irrigation. and research initiatives Design Final visual connections to adjacent areas Grey water collection for non-potable uses back into the building. on the site, residents are not • Rainwater collection from the roofs for landscape • Indoor and outdoor multi-purpose spaces that can subjected to sensory overload and restoration and irrigation. Spaces designated for outreach from community andbe resea usedrch for $a varietyConstructa bioflity different can be done by theusers residents themselves. can focus on their activities. initiatives Low-maintenance materials and systems • Grey water collection for non-potableIndoor uses and out backdoor m ulintoti-purpose spaces that can be used for a Use of on-site dirt for construction of rammed earth wall. the building. Therapeutic • Simple building strategies and materials to Function minimize sensory overload • Supervision and ease of observation are elements of • Provides adequate choice and independence while managing the environment to ensure safety. ensuring safety with internal courtyard/patio spaces Masterplan • Operable building components give residents the • Provides an area on site away from living and ability to adjust climatic elements such as sunlight, working temperature and natural ventilation. • Design of all spaces accommodate and encourage • Connection of learning and teaching with activity room physical movement. and adjacencies. 77 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP FORM EVOLUTION
5 4
The building is oriented East-West to 1 minimize extreme sun exposure thus reducing cooling costs. 6
Splitting will create two common areas for interaction. 2 3
7
Separating the building creates air flow which encourages outdoor activities. 8
10 9
Northeast and west views break the N 0’ 15’ 30’ 60’ rigidity of the building exposing views to the mountains to provide a calm interior space. Group home concept feeling of peace to the residents. A sequence The group homes and step down housing of gardens, courtyards, and a seasonal wash are nestled in the heart of Echoing Hope create a seamless line between outdoor Ranch and offer residents access to the and the interior spaces. Water harvesting surrounding amenities through a series of techniques provide therapeutic opportunities natural trails. The architecture was designed for residents as they construct and grow to celebrate views of the beautiful mountains their own gardens. surrounding the site, bringing comfort and a 78 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP GROUP RESIDENCE R OOF EVOLUTION
The blue is the interaction zone where living room, kitchen, and dining are located, whereas the red indicates private rooms. The roof is extended to protect the building from rain water.
To indicate the main entrance, the roof reaches over public circulation shading the south facade from the summer sun.
Residential program 1 Parking The public north/south axes 2 Group homes of the building form the 3 Water harvesting plaza extensions of the roof creating 4 Step down housing the main entrance. 5 Edible gardens, gabion canals
6 Shade ramada Masterplan 7 Fire pit and seating 8 Island with swings 9 Gabion walls, slow water Water shed is a therapeutic and 10 sustainable strategy which is Seasonal wash celebrated in the roof. N 79 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Privacy. Interaction. living. Aesthetic socialization • Natural light in all rooms • Exterior and motion activated lighting • Acoustic insulation to contain noise • Outdoor dining area can be open to • Reduced glare through clerestory both living room and kitchen to create • Easy texture materials with soft color flexible space for bigger activities finishes • Operable windows in all living areas • Use on-site stone and soils for gabion • Open, shared courtyard allows for cross walls, rammed earth for walls ventilation and natural light. • Natural wash changes with the • Shade control outdoors and on windows seasons and offers therapeutic value and doors. as a place to escape • Private places, opportunities for social exchange, accessible, and areas for Environmental activities • Exposed roof and landscape water harvesting system for therapeutic and SOCIO-CULTURAL sustainable strategies • Edible gardens that residents will take • Gray water use for irrigation and care of landscape restoration • Connected living areas provide opportunities for interaction. Function • Construction of gabion walls and • All exterior doors are accessible canals for garden beds provides the through a ramp. opportunity to learn a trade. • Seating in landscape to provide
80 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP FLOO R PLAN KEY 1 Living room 2 Bedroom 3 Bathroom 4 Kitchen 5 Dining room 7 6 Laundry closet 7 Mud room
ABOVE: Bedrooms areas are surrounded by rammed earth walls that might be built by the residents once the slab is poured under supervision. The walls N 0’ 5’ 10’ 20’ would be divided into equal zones for use of same form work. Glass facades would then be applied.
SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES Rammed earth thermal mass wall
Shading roof and screen Rain water collection system Masterplan
Private and public outdoor living
Evaporative cooling
81 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
N 0’ 5’ 10’ 20’ Gabion seating Main wash with corrugated Island with tree swings Secondary wash with and fire pit metal bridge corrugated metal bridge 82 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Photovoltaics
Fiberglass Screening mullion strategy Cross ventilation Insulated glass
Water shed Existing site materials Insulated glazing minimizes noise and heat flow to Sheet flow the building. Screen built by residents filter views to entryway. Masterplan
Natural air flow is maximized to eliminate use of air conditioning. Sun energy is introduced to reduce electricity costs. Rain water collected from roof is directed through gabion walls built with local stones, to edible gardens.
83 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Floor Plan Key 1 Bedroom 2 Bathroom 3 Kitchen 4 Laundry/Storage 5 Mechanical 1 6 Dining 7 2 5 7 TV Lounge 8 4 3 Reading/Relaxing 1 6 9 Gabion water canals 9 1
8
N 0’ 5’ 10’ 20’
Step down housing concept by residents while providing beneficial As the residential focus for those on therapeutic, tactile, visual, and acoustic the lower-functioning end of the autistic properties. With visual access to and from spectrum, the Step-Down house is located at the resident spaces as a driving factor, the perimeter of the development, yet close translucent and transparent surfaces are used to staff and amenities. Providing housing for whenever possible; for example, between the three residents and room for attending staff, bedrooms and the sitting area. Providing the step down house has three bedrooms, an economic, environmental, functional, one accessible bathroom, a kitchen, and aesthetic, and therapeutic benefit, the roof ample spaces for sitting and storage. collects rainwater and channels it into a Wherever possible, reclaimed materials can cistern on the east and a gabion wall water be used and, if practicable, constructed by feature on the west, where edible gardens can residents. Rammed earth is one material be planted. that can be sourced on site and constructed 84 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
LEFT: Stone gabion canals can be constructed by residents and used to harvest water for edible gardens. RIGHT: As a model for future development, the building draws its inspiration from, and responds to, its immediate environment much like the work of Glen Murcutt. Masterplan
85 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Shows the transparency of the step down housing. An entire wall of windows allows the residents scenic views of the Mule Mountains from the lounge and dining areas. The stone gabion wall to the west harvests water from the roof and pulls it into edible gardens.
86 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Tempered glass openings in bedroom walls and long corridors within the building provide visual access between caregivers and residents. Fewer walls within the building allow for a sense of openness and uninhibited movement while still maintaining a degree of privacy and opportunity for escape for residents. Masterplan
87 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
TOP: Casa Jax, Rick Joy Architects. IDLA Neighborhood throughout the day. Dwellings clad in plate steel with a ventilated air space, allowing heat to After a full day of riding horses or tending Each residence is equipped with its own be exhausted via natural convection seedlings at the native plant nursery its finally bedroom, living/dining area, small kitchen, currents. time to come home and unwind. Private private bathroom and patio. Inside the MIDDLE LEFT: Underwood Garden, indoor and outdoor spaces welcome residents Common House, residents share indoor and Ten Eyck Landscape Architects. Dry outdoor cooking areas, dining and living wash seasonally conveys harvested that need a moment alone while the Common rain water. House offers connections with friends when areas, laundry facility areas and cozy nooks for staff. MIDDLE RIGHT: Existing wash reveals the feeling strikes. landscape function. The neighborhood consists of 16 Integrated into each building rooftop BOTTOM: Desert Broom Library, residences in 8 duplexes and a Common is rainwater catchment that feeds the Richard+Baur. Steel bridge spans dry House with a shared kitchen and gathering meandering wash and rain water gardens wash. space. Attention is paid to economic and outside. Graywater also feeds into the washes environmental constraints. Rammed earth providing consistent irrigatiotn for the desert walls provide thermal mass minimizing landscaping lining them. Inspired by the differences in temperature while windows ribbons of washes that flow to the San Pedro are placed to enhance views and maintain River, the wash and trail system connects consistent quality and quantity of light people, water, and buildings to the land.
88 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
IDLA PROGRAM 8 Gabion wall 1 West view oriented residence duplex 9 Common house with rain garden 2 North/South view oriented residence duplex 10 Ramada with picnic tables and barbeque 3 8’ wide multi-use trail with permeable pavers 11 Shaded seating area 4 Trail connection to Main Wash 12 Shared deck extending over wash 5 Trail connection to Central Courtyard 13 Wash system extends into revegetation and existing vegetation areas 6 Wash and gully system fed by graywater and 14 Parking groves with permeable decomposed granite surfaces rainwater collected from building roofs direct road access to major roadway (West Red Mountain Road) 7 Rusted metal bridges over dry/wet washes 15 One rock dam erosion control
4 3
1 2
5
7 6 12 13
8 11
10 9 Masterplan 14
15 0’ 10’ 20’ N 89 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Floor Plan–IDLA iDLA PrOGrAM: CommonFLOOr house PLAN - iDLA Common House 1 EnEntrytry papatiotio 2 Staff area 1 3 CoCommonmmon kkitchenitchen 2 8 4 Dining aareasrea 5 CoCommonmmon ggatheringathering space 4 5 6 InIndoor/outdoordoor/outdoor ppatioatio space 7 LaLaundryundry room 13 8 StorStorageage closclosetet 6 9 MechanicalMechanical closetcloset 3 7 9 10 LivingLiving areaarea 11 Kitchen/dining areaarea 12 BedroomBedroom Approx. 1,235 net sq.ft. 13 BathroomBathroom 14 PrivatePrivate outdooroutdoor patiopatio space
Typical Floor Plan–IDLA TypicalTy FloorPiCAL Plan–IDLA FLOOr PLAN - iDLA TyPiCAL FLOOr PLAN - iDLA West view oriented residences North/south view oriented residences West View Oriented Residences North / South View Oriented Residences
14 1
9
12 13
9 10 11 11 1 14
12 10 13 Individual Inresidencedividual Residence Approx. 508 net sq. ft. N Individual residence Individual Residence Approx. 434 net sq. ft. 0’ 4’ 8’ 16’ 90 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
3 4
1
DRY WASH
WET WASH
5
2
Making Connections 1 2 Wash and trail system connects people to each other, their workplaces, and seasonal climatic variations 3 A simple downspout pours rooftop rainwater into rain gardens 4 Rain gardens slow down the water that will eventually flow into
the washes Masterplan 5 Inspired by natural processes gardens, trails and washes work as a system to connect people, water, buildings and the landscape 6 Wash vegetation responds to access to water telling the story of how water moves across the landscape, creating microclimates and biological adaptation 6 91 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP Aesthetic Functional ! • Materials harmonize with local ranch • Orientation for passive solar strategies and historical buildings • Buildings contributing to windbreak • Homes oriented to accent mountain strategies views • Multi-use trail connects residents to work Economic and play $ • Ranch residents can construct elements Socio-cultural such as gabion and rammed earth walls • Small neighborhood arrangement • Cut from wash areas can be used for Therapeutic rammed earth walls • Independent living, varied floor plans, Environmental and proximity to varied amenities offer • Roof forms intended to maximize flexibility and choice catchment of rainfall • Minimized “blind” corners specifically • Meandering wash ribbons retain • Secluded indoor and outdoor spaces for gray water and harvested rainwater private moments through curved walls in to irrigate revegetation areas and common areas vegetation • The sounds of wind in trees and running • Trees provide shade and protect housing water buffer road noise TOP: Tucson Mountain House, walls from intense summer sun Rick Joy Architects. Butterfly roof form creates a dynamic interior space. MIDDLE LEFT: Water channel at ostdamer Platz, Atelier Dreiseitl The water channel collects rainwater from surrounding building rooftops. MIDDLE RIGHT: Garcia Residence, Ibarra Rosano Design Architects. Window opening frames a view of the surrounding desert landscape. BOTTOM: Alluvial fan inspires function and layout of wash and gully system.
92 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Glazing: insulated double pane, wood mullions Roof: solid or glue-laminated beam and plank structure; topped with rigid insulation and corrugated metal roofing East and west walls: rammed Sliding glazed wall system: enables shaded earth provides thermal mass Waterproofing indoor / outdoor gathering space membrane
S
u
mm E q uino e CFS framed wall r
So Wi x l n stic ter Sol e st ice
Insulated double pane glazing Fixed plate steel
window shade Masterplan Steel secondary 0’ 2’ 4’ skin Convent Avenue Studios, Rick Joy Architects. Roof structure detail; wood beams delicately rest within rammed earth wall. Roof Slope and Drainage Diagram Section—Exterior Enclosure Slope of 1” in 12” South wall of common house 93 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Barn Concept The barn serves as a multi-faceted facility; bringing together the Echoing Hope Ranch community and providing options to suit diverse lifestyles. Each resident is a rancher, farmer, builder, student and teacher. The idea of opportunity manifests here; welcoming in the community; bringing residents together; allowing animals to live happily; and letting the environment benefit from Echoing Hope’s presence. Natural resources are celebrated in a space that is designed to encourage various forms of activity. The barn represents the termination point of the living machine ABOVE: Landscape Design Edinburgh, system, and the beginning of a new biologic Andrea Cochran, Sean Godsell and ecologic cycles. 94 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP BARN PROGRAM 1 Pedestrian pathways 2 Outdoor gathering 14 3 Isolation vista 4 Meandering wash 13 5 Grasslands 12 6 Garden shower 7 Horse stalls 8 Multi-purpose 16 2 9 7 Shop 10 Materials storage 11 11 Covered breezeway 2 12 Chicken coop 13 10 9 1 Composting bins 8 17 14 Arena 6 15 Grazing pastures 3 16 Access road 5 17 Rainwater collection
0’ 20’ 40’ 80’ N Masterplan
95 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP BARN PROGRAM
2
2 Outdoor Gathering 6 Garden Shower 7 Horse Stalls 8 Multi-purpose N 0’ 4’ 8’ 16’ 9 Fabrication Shop 10 Materials Storage Barn 11 Covered Breezeway 17 Rainwater Collection 18 Tack Room 19 Wash Room 20 Feed + Bedding Storage 21 Loft Studio 22 Restroom 23 Tool Storage 96 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
21
11 22 8 7 18
EQUINE THERAPY PLANT THERAPY Equine Assisted Therapy uses horses for Revegetation and Preservation efforts emotional growth. Participants in therapy are incorporated into the barn planning use feelings, behaviors, and patterns to strategy in both passive and active better understand the horse and themselves. applications. Much of the equine therapy is facilitated by Seasonally rotating pastures give a non-verbal communication skills. Horses chance for heavily compacted, grazed land to communicate by use of body language and revitalize. Revegetation efforts in a pasture’s often mirror the emotions and behaviors of ‘off-season’ can serve a greater economic those that surround them. Equine Therapy is purpose by converting to a pumpkin patch effective in building confidence, improving during the Fall season or any of several communication and giving personal insights potential crop or plant types suited for the to involved participants. site soil conditions. This therapy focuses on learning to Chickens peck and scratch at the land manage a horse psychologically, not just to prepare the soil for cultivation. Compost skills testing. Students of equine therapy from horse and chicken manure are used as Masterplan first learn to simply groom a horse. Step fertilizer in such restoration and growing efforts across the site. by step they gain confidence in themselves TOP: Cirque Lodge Rehab and the trust of the horses. They move Grey water from barn facilities, as well BOTTOM: Chickens feeding through various stages in equine therapy to as collected rainwater from roof runoff, is eventually riding through canyon trails. reused in landscape irrigation. 97 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP AESTHETIC
! • Divisible spaces can adjust to accommodate resident social sensitivity as well as thermal comfort. • Iconic barn elements and form • Water collection and irrigation strategies highlighted in landscape ECONOMIC $ • Egg production • Seasonal crop cultivation in rotation • Utilization of permaculture guilds pastures as complimentary plants in growing • Shop area for project fabrication on-site process or use for sale. Potential community source FUNCTION • Constructability by unskilled laborers • Pasture areas wrap programmatic space • On-site maintenance and construction to create secure borders shop as resource. Fabrication and • vegetative security and wind buffer assembly by residents and staff. ENVIRONMENTAL • Operable building elements allow for climate adaptation, reducing need for • Rainwater collection into cisterns mechanical air and lighting • Grey water returned to adjacent gardens • Divisible interior space allows for • Seasonal rotation pastures reduce wear variety of user groups and functions on the land and allow for restoration • Chicken and horse waste composted SOCIO-CULTURAL and used as fertilizer in restoration/ • Community members can outsource preservation areas small shop projects, or resident created projects for on-site use or retail sale. • Studio loft for overnight visitors or as staff accommodation • Indoor and outdoor multi-purpose spaces able to accommodate ranges of TOP to BOTTOM: cistern, dividable space, pumpkins as seasonal crops users for different activities including 98 social gatherings, such as barn dances ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Sustainable Strategies Operable Facade Natural Ventilation Slatted wall panels fold upward to Air enters the building through slatted transform interior space to covered panels on the ground floor and exits from patios. In a closed condition, panels operable roof vents in the roof structure. allow for passive ventilation and Transitional covered breezeways natural light to enter the space. connect programmatic spaces and frame views of surrounding environment.
Thermal Mass Wall System Stone walls enable building to absorb, store, and later release significant amounts of heat collected throughout the day. The material also allows for low acoustic transmission.
Composting Operable Facade Indoor/Outdoor Living Rain Water Collection Syste m Roof Skylighting Garden Shower
Leech Field Irrigation Masterplan
99
Appendices Appendices ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Architecture and Autism • Provide a range of communal areas for Technology: different types of interaction. Technology should be unobtrusive, Floor Plan Strategies: • Provide space for residents to meet with easy to use and modify, and fail-safe; it Space planning should encourage their family that is separate from central should enhance resident independence choice, autonomy and independence for living area: the presence of unfamiliar and support staff. Privacy issues must be residents. Attention to connectivity within people may inhibit other residents. considered before selecting any monitoring the floor plan and its impact on wayfinding technology. will lead to a more effective use of all Kitchens: • Appropriate fire safety systems should household spaces. Providing ample counter space be installed: select alarms with visual • Predictability in the environment, to accommodate multiple users and explanations and talking alarms for demonstrated through transparency in independent living aides (e.g. computers) smoke detectors. spatial sequencing, smooth transitions facilitates residents success and satisfaction. • Provide a “Staff Attack” alarm system to between rooms and uses, and the • Kitchen countertops need to be extremely allow staff members to call for assistance potential to establish routines, assists durable, fire and heat resistant, and easily in the event of an emergency. in keeping arousal levels low and cleaned and disinfected. minimizing resident stress. • Solid surface countertops with an integral Appliances and Fixtures: • Design of all spaces should accommodate backsplash such as Silestone, Corian, Safety controls on appliances are and encourage physical movement. granite, or concrete are durable choices essential since people with autism often Spontaneous gross motor activity is for kitchen and bath. experience inattentiveness, high pain common among people with autism and thresholds, and the inability to recognize the living environment must support that. Bedrooms: problems. Durability, quietness, and ease of Individual bedrooms with en-suite use also are important. Outdoor Spaces: bathrooms, adequate storage, and a desk Secure, shaded outdoor areas offer provide residents with privacy and dignity. Visual Cues: opportunities for residents to tend gardens • Each bedroom should have individual Individuals with ASDs often experience and socialize. climate control and a ventilation fan. attention difficulties and stimulus over- • Include a covered walkway or porch selectivity. Improve this by keeping visually at unit entrance to shield residents Sensory Rooms: distracting elements to a minimum. Opt from inclement weather and to Providing a separate room that allows instead to employ appropriate visual cues offer opportunity for neighborhood residents to control the atmosphere leads to that assist residents with daily activities. interaction. decreased stress and anxiety. • Minimize detail since visual clutter may • Install low maintenance landscaping that • A room that allows residents to modify lead to stimulus overselectivity causing an offers residents the opportunity to care the sensory inputs such as lighting and individual to fixate on a particular object for it. music helps people with autism relax, or aspect in the environment. process the larger environment, and Living/Community Rooms: modify behaviors. Living rooms should provide residents • Sensory rooms should be painted white or with a variety of options. soft colors to produce a calming effect. 102 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Ventilation: Materials: Adequate ventilation reduces unwanted People with autism often have smells that can negatively affect individuals underlying health issues that are with hyperreactive (extremely sensitive) exacerbated by environmental chemicals. sensory processing. Prevent chronic exposure to indoor air • Use silent, ducted exhaust fans in pollutants by selecting durable, nontoxic bathroom and kitchen such as Ultra Silent building materials and finishes. Durability NuTone ventilation fans. is also a concern. • Install nonslip flooring in bathrooms, Lighting: kitchens, and laundry rooms, such as People with autism often experience textured ceramic tile. visual perceptual problems that are • Avoid carpet with strong weave or pile as exacerbated by lighting conditions. A range it may be a trip hazard. of lighting options should be provided with • Create smooth, flush flooring transitions the optimal environment featuring non- between rooms. glare surfaces, no-flicker bulbs, and lots of • Avoid materials and finishes with natural light controlled by window blinds distracting patterns or excessive or other coverings. embellishing: for people coping with • Natural light should be available in all stimulus overselectivity, patterns and rooms. embellishes may cause them to fixate • Provide opportunity to maintain even unnecessarily. lighting levels through dimmer switches, • Choose paint in soft colors rather than easy-to-adjust window blinds, etc. bright, primary colors. • Reduce glare through use of indirect • Use contrast (tonal value vs. bright color) lighting, clerestory windows, and to indicate light switches, electrical awnings. outlets, and other pertinent features. • Select materials that create a warm home Acoustics: environment rather than an institutional To accommodate rural sensitiveness, atmosphere. ambient noise levels should be reduced as • Select hard, continuous surface flooring much as possible. Building systems and such as bamboo, wood, tile, or natural appliances designed for quietness should be linoleum. selected and sound-proofing insulation in • Use carpet tiles rather than rolled carpet ceiling and walls should be increased. for easy replacement. Carpet is not as • Choose quiet systems to minimize durable as other flooring options and ambient noise: HVAC, ventilation, is best restricted to use as area rugs or appliances. runners.
103 Appendices ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP WHY IS RESOURCE USE IMPORTANT? According to the U.S. Energy • Material consumption (recognizing a Information Administration (EIA), the range of embodied energy and impacts in Building Sector consumes nearly half the creation of building materials and the (49%) of all energy produced in the United potential for reuse) States. 77% of all the electricity produced Several efforts concern themselves with in the U.S. is used just to operate buildings. resource use beyond the immediate realm Globally, these percentages are even greater. of the buildings themselves, considering the Therefore anything EHR can do to reduce indirect resource implications of building it’s energy use helps not only the economic decisions on issues of transportation for viability of EHR but serves as model to example. other builders and designers. In order for EHR to achieve some of There are a number of organizations these resource use reductions, they could and efforts occurring to reduce energy practice some of the following strategies. use which could be investigated further • Daylighting – design that allows interior Design Implications for refinement of EHR designs. They all spaces to receive natural daylight, • East-west orientation in the desert seek to primarily raise awareness but also minimizing or eliminating the need • Minimize windows and opening on to incentivise appropriate resource use for artificial lighting and the associated east and west walls behaviors and penalize inappropriate energy and material. • Operable windows on north and behaviors. They include: • Passive solar design – using the sun to south walls • LEED warm building interiors in cold weather • Roof overhangs to the south • Living Building Challenge while not allowing it to warm building in • Vertical shading devices to north, • Passive House hot weather. east and west • Net Zero • Passive ventilation • Local materials • Carbon Neutral • Cool towers • Reusable materials • Local regulation • Chimney effect • Recycled materials and structures • Transit oriented development • Insulation and infiltration • Design for long terms of service For EHR, the following are the • Thermal Mass • Native and drought tolerant plants most likely candidate resources for use • Effectively moderating the high and low to reduce or eliminate irrigation reductions and reuses: temperatures in the diurnal temperature needs • Water (potable, rainwater, gray water and swings in the desert • Deciduous plants to shade south- black water) (See Appendix) Other more specific details of strategies facing openings • Tidal Wetlands Systems (See Appendix) can be found in appendices that follow. • Energy (in all forms) • Composting Toilets • Land (especially undeveloped “green fields”)
104 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP SOLA R AND WIND
6/21 @ noon 6/21 @ noon north facade can be protetected from 82° abovenorth horizon facade can be protetected from 82° above horizon summer sun by using vertical louvers summer sun by using vertical louvers 9/21 and 3/31 @ noon 9/21 and 3/31 @ noon 58° above horizon 6/21 sunset 58° above horizon 6/21 sunset 27.5° north of west 27.5° north of west 12/21 @ noon 12/21 @ noon 35° above horizon 35° above horizon
9/21 and 3/31 sunset due west 9/21 and 3/31 sunset south facade can be protetected from summer sun due west by using horizontal overhangs while allowing winter sun south facade can be protetected from summer sun by using horizontal overhangs while allowing winter sun 6/21 @ noon west and east facades can be protetected north facade can be protetected fromfrom summer sun by using vertical louvers, 82° above horizon 12/21 sunsetsummer sun by using vertical louvers while still allowing direct winter sun west and east facades can be protetected 27.5° south of west 9/21 and 3/31 @ noon from summer sun by using vertical louvers, 58° above horizon 12/21 sunset 6/21while sunset still allowing direct winter sun 27.5° south of west 27.5° north of west 12/21 @ noon 35° above horizon
operable windows on both sides of narrow structures can take advantage of hot air rising to draw air 9/21 and 3/31 sunset through open interiors due west operable windows on both sides of narrow structures south facade can be protetected from summer sun can take advantage of hot air rising to draw air by using horizontal overhangs while allowing winter sun through open interiors
105 Appendices west and east facades can be protetected from summer sun by using vertical louvers, 12/21 sunset while still allowing direct winter sun 27.5° south of west
operable windows on both sides of narrow structures can take advantage of hot air rising to draw air through open interiors ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
RIGHT: This table illustrates the water harvesting Data Source: average rainfall collected water water used calculated storage actual storage cistern potential of the EHR site. Bisbee Historic Rainfall inches feet cu ft cu ft cu ft inches status 12/1/1892 to 2/28/1985 Western Regional Climate Center Jan 1.18 0.098 442.5 580.0 (137.5) - dry BELOW: This diagram indicates sources and http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?az0768 Feb 1.20 0.100 450.0 580.0 (130.0) - dry destinations of the different types of water which Mar 1.01 0.084 378.8 580.0 (201.3) - dry Apr 0.46 0.038 172.5 580.0 (407.5) - dry can be collected on EHR. A well to bring potable Example Roof Area 4,500 square feet May 0.22 0.018 82.5 580.0 (497.5) - dry Cistern Capacity 2,250 cu ft Jun 0.70 0.058 262.5 580.0 (317.5) - dry water to the site would still be necessary, but the Average Monthly Collection 582 cu ft Jul 4.03 0.336 1,511.3 580.0 931.3 931 quantity of water being pumped from the well Monthly Use 580 cu ft Aug 4.64 0.387 1,740.0 580.0 2,091.3 2,091 Monthly Use 4,339 gallons Sep 1.98 0.165 742.5 580.0 2,253.8 2,250 full would be significantly decreased by collecting and Oct 1.05 0.088 393.8 580.0 2,063.8 2,064 Cistern Height 5 Nov 0.82 0.068 307.5 580.0 1,791.3 1,791 reusing as much water as possible on-site. Cistern Diameter 12 Dec 1.34 0.112 502.5 580.0 1,713.8 1,714 Jan 1.18 0.098 442.5 580.0 1,576.3 1,576 gallons in a cu ft 7 Feb 1.20 0.100 450.0 580.0 1,446.3 1,446 Mar 1.01 0.084 378.8 580.0 1,245.0 1,245 Apr 0.46 0.038 172.5 580.0 837.5 838 May 0.22 0.018 82.5 580.0 340.0 340 Jun 0.70 0.058 262.5 580.0 22.5 23 Jul 4.03 0.336 1,511.3 580.0 953.8 954 Aug 4.64 0.387 1,740.0 580.0 2,113.8 2,114 Sep 1.98 0.165 742.5 580.0 2,276.3 2,250 full Oct 1.05 0.088 393.8 580.0 2,063.8 2,064 Nov 0.82 0.068 307.5 580.0 1,791.3 1,791 Dec 1.34 0.112 502.5 580.0 1,713.8 1,714
Wtea r harvesting/Reuse both the rentable greenhouse as well as the Water collection is often most effective hydroponics greenhouse. Moreover, the when managed locally, near its point of harvested water can easily be mixed with origin. Therefore, in order to establish EHR a fertilizer recipe for production of food as an environmentally responsible site, crops. Collecting this water during rain collecting, retaining and using as much events and then storing it in above ground water as possible from on-site stands as tanks or below ground cisterns for use a goal. Components of water collection in dry months would make this a viable include rain water harvesting as well as option. reusing water from components of everyday The second water source is harvesting living, such as graywater and blackwater. graywater* which includes lavatory sinks, Each of the three water sources can be used showers and washing machines. This for specific purposes on-site, creating an source of water can be directly applied integrated system of water collection, use to non-edible vegetation or added to the and reuse in an efficient and sustainable blackwater system where it will be filtered manner. and purified for use in other capacities. The first water source is rainwater The third water source is blackwater collected from all building rooftops. This which is water collected from toilets and water is safe enough to be used to water kitchen sinks/dishwashers. This water can gardens of both edible and non-edible be purified through a Living Machine™ style plants. The water collected from the wetland remediation system as discussed administration, therapy, retail rooftops on the following page, thus reclaiming and could serve as an irrigation source for using as much water on-site as possible. 106 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
It is worth noting that the cost of Tidal Wetland System Grv a ity Fed Septic installing the Tidal Wetland System and Further consultation with ADEQ (see Initial Capacity Full Capacity maintaining it could be reduced if a contact list) will need to be undertaken as collaborative project with the University this project progresses. ADEQ will require Installation $ 1,000-5,000 1,000-5,000 of Arizona Environmental Engineering a review of all drawings and environmental Permitting $ 200-1,000 200-1,000 Program were undertaken. and chemical engineering solutions to Maintenance $ 30-500/yr. 30-500/yr. the health and environmental processes Life Span 20-40 yr. 20-40 yr. in order to permit this as an alternative sewage treatment system. Working with Quantity 3 5 the University of Arizona Environmental Initial Total $ 15,000 25,000 Engineering Department will allow this 20 yrs. $ 45,000 75,000 project to not only be produced at a lower up front cost but also link EHR to research, Pressurized Septic further establishing it as a model of sustainability. Initial Capacity Full Capacity The Tidal Wetland system reduces Installation $ 5,000-10,000 5,000-10,000 well water and pump use to allow for more Permitting $ 200-1,000 200-1,000 gardens without adding more water than that which is already on site. Maintenance $ 50-1,000/yr 50-1,000/yr. The following charts indicate cost Life Span 20-40 yr. 20-40 yr. comparisons at initial (left) and full (right) Quantity 3 5 capacities for EHR’s population. These estimates were taken from internet research Initial Total $ 30,000 50,000 on septic system costs but may actually be 20 yrs. $ 60,000 100,000 higher or lower, based on factors such as soil, topography, climate, location, materials TIDAL WETLAND SYSTEM and contractors. The cost estimate for the Tidal Wetland system is based on Living Initial Capacity Full Capacity Machine™ website, but if EHR were to work Installation $ 10,000-20,000 10,000-20,000 with the University of Arizona Department Permitting $ 200-1,000 200-1,000 of Environmental Engineering, the initial as Maintenance $ 50-1,000/yr. 50-1,000/yr/ well as the maintenance costs may go down. Grants specifically for alternative systems Life Span Indefinitely Indefinitely such as this one may also be available to Quantity 2 3 help mitigate the cost. Initial Total $ 40,000 60,000 20 yrs. $ 60,000 90,000
107 Appendices ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Hydroponics Dynamic Root Flotation • Good for initiating rooting of cuttings and Hydroponics literally means • Ideal for leafy vegetables for extracting (milking) phyotochemicals “working with water”, which is exactly from the roots for medical purposes what this unique system of agriculture Aerated Flow (AFT) does. Plants are grown in a nutrient • A modified version of DFT Fog Feed (FFT) rich water bath sallowing absorption of • Nurtient solution is profusely aerated by • Similar to RMT but the droplet size is so nutrients effortlessly. Studies that compare special mechanisms. very minute that the nutrient solution can hydroponics versus soil based agriculture • Similar to Japanese “Kyowa Hyponicxa barely moisten your hand. indicate that plants grow faster and produce Technique” • This technique has yet to be perfected. greater yields with hydroponic systems. • Excellent for growing both leafy and fruit • Good for plants with aerial roots e.i. Hydroponics are also more efficient crops. orchids, anthuriums, etc. in terms of space requirements. For example, hydroponics can be practiced in Nutrient Film (NFT) Plant growth is affected by the greenhouses, multi-level buildings, rooftops • Thin film of nutrient solution always in interaction of the dissolved chemical and underground locations. contact with roots. elements in the water supply, the chemical • While the nutrient solutions circulated, properties of the growing medium to Hydroponics Techniques the root surface is exposed to air. (helps which the water is applied, and the fertility Static Aerated (SAT) the roots to breathe) program employed. The cleaner the water, • Growth in static nutrient solution • Very good for producing fruits and the greater the opportunity to achieve • Aerated by air pumped into the nutrient vegetables. maximum yields. The water designated for solution in tank use in a greenhouse must be analyzed for • Passive: Simplest hydroponic method Drip Irrigation (DIT) agricultural suitability. • Plants grown in inert or organic The following are chemical properties Ebb and Flow (EFT) substrates. to consider: pH, alkalinity, soluble salts, • Plants are grown as in SAT, but nutrient • The nutrient solution is fed closely around calcium, magnesium, boron, fluoride, solution is drained off 3-4 times a day for the roots 6-7 times a day in drops or chloride, sulfates, sodium, carbonate, iron. roots to breathe. trickles. • Deserts in the Middle East are exporting Flood and Drain crop produce because of this technique. • Good for home gardens and nurseries • Also suitable for plantation, orchard and landscaping industries. Deep Flow (DFT) • Several inch depth of nutrient solution Root Mist (RMT) circulated around roots by a pump and • Mist of nurtient solution is sprayed gravity drain. constantly onto the roots of plants suspended from a frame in the top. • “Aeroponic” technique. ABOVE: Lettuce being grown in a greenhouse via a hydroponic bath. 108 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Permaculture 11. Use Edges and Value the Marginal Permaculture design is a system 12. Creatively Use and Respond to Change that assembles conceptual, material and strategic components as a holistic system The components of permaculture are that benefits life in all its forms. The based on how ecosystems interact as web of philosophy behind permaculture is one intricate symbiotic relationships between of working with nature; observations of animal and plantlife. “Permaculture systems in all their functions and in their Guilds” are groups of plants which work ecological wholeness; and of allowing particularly well together as an extension of systems to demonstrate their own companion planting. evolutions. The ethics of permaculture are Many permaculture designs involve summarized as: animals. In traditional farming, animals Earthcare – recognizing that the Earth are used inefficiently, as they are poor is the source of all life and respecting the converters of energy, require large land environment accordingly. areas and large amounts of water for a Peoplecare – supporting and helping given amount of food produced. Chicken each other to change to ways of living that coop greenhouses can reduce the need to are not harming ourselves or the planet. heat the greenhouse by fossil fuels, as the Fairshares - or placing limits to chicken’s bodies heat the area. The chickens consumption, ensuring that the Earth’s scratching and pecking can clear new land limited resources are utilized in ways that for crops and weed control, manure as are equitable and wise. fertilizer, feathers used in compost or as a The ethical and design related ideals of mulch, and meat for food. All the energy is Permaculture can be described through 12 then focused on egg production. principles: Permaculture is in part an attempt 1. Observe and Interact to create a renewable system of food 2. Catch and Store Energy production that relies upon minimal 3. Obtain a Yield amounts of energy by focusing on 4. Apply Self-regulation & Accept maximizing the use of trees (agroforestry) Feedback and perennial food crops because they 5. Use & Value Renewable Resources & make a more efficient and long term Services use of energy then traditional seasonal 6. Produce No Waste crops. Permaculture is an attempt to work 7. Design From Patterns to Details smarter, not harder; and when possible the 8. Integrate Rather Than Segregate energy used should come from renewable 9. Use Small and Slow Solutions sources such as wind power or passive solar 10. Use and Value Diversity designs.
109 Appendices ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
TOP: A workshop in Oklahoma teaches while in a closed system, surplus nutrients participants how to build a hoop are replenished and recycled for use. Water house. from adjacent building roofs may be used BOTTOM: Dr. Patricia Rorabaugh for irrigation. leading a tour explaining hydroponics. The University of Arizona’s Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (CEAC) is involved in hydroponics and holds classes and gives tours on the subject. Hydroponics can be expensive to set up, but is less water intensive that irrigating plants in soil. Hoop houses (also called high tunnels) Controlled Environment are simple structures used to house Agriculture plants. They can be purchased as kits One of the goals of EHR is production or built by hand as shown in the image of their own food in an effort to live a above right. Advantages of hoop houses healthier lifestyle and to be as self-sufficient are that they take up less land than if as possible. Several food producing options crops were grown in open fields, they are are available. Before beginning any type USDA supported, relatively easy to install of agriculture it is recommended that the and inexpensive—$3 per square foot soil and water quality be tested. Contact without heating or cooling while regular information regarding testing may be found greenhouses can cost $20 per square foot. on page 118. For a higher crop yield hoop houses should With controlled environment be heated and cooled. Using an agricultural agriculture food producing plants are grade plastic of 4–6 millimeters to cover the Design Implications grown inside greenhouses or other hoop house will extend the life to about 4 • Passive solar techniques can help structures providing the possibility for years. heat greenhouses, lowering costs year round cultivation. Hydroponic crop • Hoop houses built by residents will production is a controlled environment provide routine and education method (CEA) that grows plants in a • Place fields lower than and in nutrient and water solution. The roots of proximity to buildings to use the plants may be directly in the solution or graywater and harvested water from building roofs may be supported by a non-soil or artificial medium such as sand, vermiculite or sawdust. Nutrient delivery in hydroponics may be either open or closed system. In an open system nutrients are not reused once the nutrient solution is given to the plants, 110 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Conversations with Dr. Gene plants—plants that turn insects away or Revegetation Giacomelli, professor and Director of the attract beneficial insects—may be used. Revegetation is the act of establishing CEAC and Dr. Patricia Rorabaugh, lecturer Sunnizona, a farm in Wilcox, Arizona desirable plants in a disturbed area. in Controlled Environment Agriculture is a farm using greenhouses to grow Analyzing soil conditions will often provided the following information tomatoes, greens and herbs. They strive determine the best processes for regarding plant yields using a hydroponic to use local products in their farming reseeding. In every case, moisture is system in a hoop house with some climate practices and have been successful in selling vital for successful plant establishment. control. Vegetables are easier to grow than 95% of their produce locally. In addition There are many reasons for revegetating fruiting plants and therefore are the focus. to greenhouse plants they also have field degraded lands, such as those at EHR. crops. The overgrazing of EHR’s site has left it in Crop type and yield need of some maintenance to return it to cucumbers 16 lbs./ft2 Field Crops a healthier state. The following are a list of Field crops grown at EHR could make reasons revegetation will improve EHR for cluster tomatoes 5–10 lbs./ft2 use of water harvesting from adjacent roofs the ecosystem as well as the residents. 2 sweet pepper 6 lbs./ft and water that falls on site that can be • Erosion control lettuce 1 head per 7”/ft2 directed into planted areas. • Weed prevention The Arizona Master Gardener Manual • Wildlife habitat Other crops that might be investigated was used as a reference for the following • Aesthetics are micro-greens and herbs, heirloom field plants. Sunizona field crops include • Dust abatement varieties and specialty varieties such as summer squash, winter squash, pumpkins, The process of revegetating a landscape multi-colored carrots. If a commercial melons, potatoes and sweet potatoes. includes many steps. Before the ground is component is sought these specialty crops prepared it a soil test should be conducted. may be desirable to the public. Interviews Warm-season Cool-season Next prepare the ground by breaking up the with nearby food co-ops will reveal what (plant after (plant in winter compacted soil (a process that maybe more produce is needed and how much they will danger of or early spring) difficult if caliche is present). Rip and rake frost) pay for it. It is interesting to note that the the ground perpendicular to the runoff Bisbee Food Co-op may sell produce that pepper beet direction and rocks should be left in place is grown within the Bisbee city limits, most pumpkin broccoli to reduce water runoff speed. After the soil is prepared, the seeding likely due to possible soil contamination. squash onion EHR is outside of the city limits and may be step can be undertaken via three different a resource for Bisbee grocers and residents. sweet corn potato methods. The first two are active methods, A disadvantage of controlled in which physical seeding occurs, the third environments is that while they provide Both controlled environment crops and is passive in which natural processes are favorable conditions for plants they may field crops may provide therapeutic, self allowed to run their course in order to seed. also create these conditions for pests. To sustaining and economic benefits for EHR. 1. Hand seeding: done on smaller areas or help with this, a trap plant—plants that situations where there is effort to add isolate certain pests—or a companion species to an existing patch of vegetation.
111 Appendices ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
2. Hydroseeding: mechanical, hydraulic Land Imprinting: revegetation palette mulch seeding process Imprinting is a simple technique for Acacia constricta, whitethorn acacia 3. Passive revegetation is replanting by revegetating degraded land. The process Acacia vernicosa, viscid acacia wind, rain, and high stream flows imitates the effect of natural impressions Acer grandidentatum, big tooth maple Agave lechuguilla, shindagger carrying seeds, plants, and sediment left by hoofed herd animals. Troughs left Aristida glauca, threeawn downstream, where they will settle by the imprinting machine concentrate Bahia absinthifolia, hairyseed bahia on the lower banks naturally. Passive water and nutrients to help germinate Bouteloua curtipendula, sideoats grama revegetation requires the least effort and support seedlings. The technique is Bouteloua eriopoda, black grama and expertise to restore native riparian Bouteloua hirsuta, hairy grama particularly suited for the establishment of Brickellia laciniata, cutleaf brickellia vegetation. This form of revegetation perennial plants. Dasylirion leiophyllum, desert candle may take an extended period of time but Fallugia paradoxa, Apache plume it is an unintrusive method with fewer Flourensia cernua, tarbush disturbances which may result in less Gutierrezia sarothrae, broomweed Gutierrezia lucida, threadleaf erosion. snakeweed Use active revegetation when: Juglans microcarpa, Texas walnut • Planting by hand is reasonable Juniperus deppeana, alligator juniper • Irrigation is available and feasible Juniperus pinchotii*, red-berry juniper Larrea tridentata, creosote • Weed management scheduling is possible Lesquerella fendlerii, Fendler’s • Site is downstream of invasive species bladderpod • High probability of invasives, which can Mimosa biuncifera, catclaw mimosa be mitigated by seeding native species Muhlenbergia porteri, bush muhly • The soil or stream bank is unstable or at Muhlenbergia setifolia, curlyleaf muhly Nolina microcarpa, beargrass high risk of erosion Opuntia englemannii, Engelmann’s Use passive revegetation when: prickly pear • Native plants established on or upstream Opuntia imbricata, cane cholla of the site, that provide seeds Opuntia phaeacantha, tulip prickly pear Parthenium incanum, mariola • Few non-natives on-site and upstream Perezia nana, desert holly • Little open, sunny ground with potential Prosopis juliflora, velvet mesquite as a magnet for non-native pest plants Quercus grisea, gray oak • Soils are stable and at low risk of erosion Rhus microphylla, littleleaf sumac Rhus trilobata, aromatic sumac • Site tendency to flood each year, allowing Senna bauhinioides, twinleaf senna plant material to settle and cultivate Tridens muticus, slim tridens Revegetate the higher, drier areas Tridens pulchellus, low woollygrass adjacent to streams unaffected by frequent Viguiera stenoloba, skeletonleaf flooding. Postpone active revegetation until ABOVE: Land imprinting troughs created by an goldeneye imprinting roller attached to a tractor. Yucca baccata, banana yucca most invasive pest plants under control. Yucca elata, soaptree yucca Adequate control can take 1+ season(s).
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B aCKGround References Appendices Fire in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert:A Review and Analysis of the Literature location, Southwest All images are from Tejido or previous Tejido Water Harvesting/Reuse Biological Science Center Open-File Report. 2005. projects unless cited below. They are referenced left to Lancaster, Brad. Rainwater Harvesting for 1157 (2005), 3, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1157/ right and top to bottom. Drylands and Beyond, Volume. Tucson, AZ: of2005-1157.pdf. (4 April 2011). Rainsource Press, 2006. Margolis, L. and Robinson, A. Living Systems: Introduction Tidal Wetlands System Innovative Materials and Technologies for Landscape Treating wastewater nature’s way. Worrel Water What is Echoing Hope? Architecture. Basel: Birkhäuser, 168-169, 2007. and Living Machine. 2011. www.livingmachines.com EHR Mission. EHR. 2011. http://www. Architecture and Autism (3 March, 2011). echoinghoperanch.org/ (19 April 2011). Ahrentzen, Sherry and Steele, Kim. Advancing Ela, Dr. Wendell. Interviewed by Tejido Group. Full Spectrum Housing: Designing for Adults with What is Autism? Personal interview. Tucson, Arizona, February 27, Autism Spectrum Disorders. Arizona: Arizona Board Ahrentzen, Sherry and Steele, Kim. Advancing 2011. Full Spectrum Housing: Designing for Adults with of Regents, 2007. Hydroponics Autism Spectrum Disorders. Arizona: Arizona Board Terminology Turner, B. How Hydroponics Works. location: of Regents, 2007. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2008. publisher, 2008. www/ howstuffworks.com http://www.merriam-webster.com (20 February Gericke, W.F. The Complete Guide to Soilless 2011). Analysis Gardening. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Interviews 1940. Welcome to Rusty’s Morningstar Ranch! Rusty’s Permaculture Morningstar Ranch. 2011. http://www.rmr.org/ (27 Mollison, B. and D. Holgrem. Permaculture One. April 2011). Melbourne, Australia: Corgi Publication, 1978. About Safe Haven Farms. Safe Haven Farms. 7 Mollison, B. Permaculture: A Designer’s Manual. June 2009. http://safehavenfarms.org/about (30 April Tasmania, Australia: Tagari Publication, 1988. 2011). Holgrem, D. Permaculture: Principles and Rogers, Dennis. Interviewed by Tejido Group. Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Victoria, Australia: Phone interview. University of Arizona campus, Holmgren Design Services, 2002. January 28, 2011. Controlled Environment Agriculture Lakosil , Jennifer. Interviewed by Tejido Group. Arizona Master Gardener Manual. Tucson, AZ: Personal interview. Cochise College, January 31, Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, The 2011. University of Arizona. 1998. http://ag.arizona.edu/ Berry , Ben. Interviewed by Tejido Group. pubs/garden/mg/index.html (19 April 2011). Personal interview. Cochise College, January 31, Why Resource Use is Important 2011. Buildings are the Problem. Architecture 2030. Santa Fe, New Mexico. 2011.http://architecture2030. org/the_problem/buildings_problem_why. (30 April Program Development 2011). Therapeutic Strategies Revegetation Ahrentzen, Sherry and Steele, Kim. Advancing Koweek, J. Just Add Water. Whetstone, AZ: Full Spectrum Housing: Designing for Adults with Sonoran Wind Press, 2007. Autism Spectrum Disorders. Arizona: Arizona Board Har, Q. Arundo Eradication and Coordination of Regents, 2007. Program, Restoration/Revegetation Plan Guidelines. Survey and Monitoring Database, California: California Natural Resources Agency, 2004. http:// ceres.ca.gov/tadn/eradproject/restor_guidelines.pdf Gebow, B. and Halvorson, W.L. “Managing 113 ECHOING HOPE RANCH MASTER PLAN • THE TEJIDO GROUP
Image References Soil/Temperature/Precipitation Program All images are from Tejido or previous Tejido All diagrams modified from: http://www. Therapeutic Strategies projects unless cited below. Images are referenced weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/ Image courtesy of Marla Guerrero USAZ0214 (10 March 2011). Left to Right and Top to Bottom. Horticultural Strategies Soil background image modified from: www. Greenhouse, www.bittersweetfarms.org/ googlemaps.com (10 March 2011). (3 February 2011). Preface Topography All images from Tejido Group Resident nurturing, http://www. Diagrams modified from: Acme Mapper fullspectrumfarms.org/ (3 February 2011). 2.0 http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=31.545556,- Animal and Equine Therapy 110.276389&z=15&t=T&marker0=31.545556,- Introduction All images not cited from Tejido Group 110.276389,Sierra%20Vista,%20Arizona (10 March What is EHR? Riding a Horse courtesy of Marla Guerrero 2011) Courtesy of Marla Guerrero The Horse Boy, www.horseboyfoundation.org What is Autism? Hydrology (1 February 2011). Ahrentzen, Sherry and Steele, Kim. Advancing Diagrams modified from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ Egg Collection, www.chigiy.com (1 February Full Spectrum Housing: Designing for Adults with fs/2006/3027/figure01.html (10 March 2011). 2011). Autism Spectrum Disorders. Arizona: Arizona Board Vegetation Aquatic Therapy of Regents, 2007. All Images not cited from Tejido Group Image courtesy of Marla Guerrero Project Detail and Process Acacia vernicosa, http://www.wildflower.org/ Aquatic Therapy http://www.circlesofalchemy. Image by Tejido Group gallery/result.php?id_image=8958 (10 March 2011). org/healing.html (20 February 2011). Flourensia cernua, http://www.fs.fed.us/ Art Therapy database/feis/plants/shrub/flocer/all.html (10 March Image courtesy of Marla Guerrero Analysis 2011). Recreational Therapy Location Parthenium incanum, http://home-and-garden. Image courtesy of Marla Guerrero Regional map modified from www.co.cochise. webshots.com/photo/1137293311030894601ykRUOK az.us (3 February 2011). (10 March 2011). Wellness Therapy Site area map modified from www.google.com Rhus microphylla, http://www.flickr.com/ www.mollynap.com, www. (3 February 2011). photos/tmacphotos/285215877/sizes/z/in/ sunsethillsacupuncture.com (26 March 2011). Entrance roads, Tejido Group photostream/ (10 March 2011). Economic Possibilities Nearby Amenities Acourtia nana, http://www.fireflyforest.com/ www.sunset.com, 2011 Downtown Bisbee, Tejido Group flowers/65/acourtia-nana-dwarf-desertpeony/ (10 Tidal Wetlands Dragoon Mountains, www.panoramio.com/ March 2011). Living Machine Greenhouse, www. photo/12013820 (15 February, 2011). Zinnia acerosa, http://www.fireflyforest.com/ livingmachines.com (1 February 2011). Chiricauhua National Monument, www. flowers/2551/zinnia-acerosa-desert-zinnia/ (10 El Monte Sagrado, Tejido Group panoramio.com/photo/8609423 (15 February 2011). March 2011). Guilford County, www.livingmachines.com (1 Naco, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United_ Cylindopuntia spinsior, http://www.flickr.com/ February 2011). States_border_at_Naco,_Mexico.jpg (15 February photos/tmacphotos/285215776/ (10 March 2011). Swale, Tejido Group 2011). Interviews Tombstone, www.mondinion.com/.../ (15 Logo, Rusty’s Morningstar Ranch/ Rusty’s CONCEPTS February 2011). Morningstar Ranch. http://www.rmr.org/ (27 April All images not cited from Tejido Group Fort Huachuca, www.panoramio.com/ 2011). Arroyo photo/12099368 (15 February 2011). Logo, Safe Haven Farms. http://safehavenfarms. Andy Goldsworthy, www.flickr.com/photos/ Douglas, Tejido Group org/about (30 April 2011). barryleiba (1 March 2011) Questionnaire Nucleus Image courtesy of Marla Guerrero
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Tensile Structure, http://synergo.blogspot. Cuyamaca Amphitheater, http://www.flickr. com/2007/07/hypars.html. (24 February 2011) com/photos/cropwithanna/4292537346/sizes/l/in/ Giving and Growing photostream/ (20 April 2011) Old Main, http://www.uamineralmuseum.org/ Myers, Mary. Andrea Cochran: Landscapes. New wp-content/uploads/images/1897_Old_Main_Small. York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009. jpg (1 March 2011) Bosque, http://www.santaanadnr.org/media/ Appendices rest_sarg-bosque.jpg (1 March 2011) Interim Review Feedback Architecture and Autism Ahrentzen, Sherry and Steele, Kim. Advancing Board Camp-out courtesy of Marla Guerrero Full Spectrum Housing: Designing for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Arizona: Arizona Board Final Designs of Regents, 2007. Outdoor Therapy Water Harvesting Inspirations: http://enterpriselandscaping.us/ Graywater and Roof harvesting, http://www. services-2/pavers/ (20 April 2011). harvestingrainwater.com/imagesvideoaudio/image- http://playgrounddesigns.blogspot.com/ (20 gallery/greywater-harvesting-image-gallery/ (11 April 2011). March, 2011). http://pgprogram.http://www.easichi. Controlled Enivronment Agriculture koshareyrhythms.com/balance/balance.htm (20 Hoophouse construction, http://www. April 2011). hightunnels.org/forgrowers.htm (25 March, 2011). http://pgprogram.wordpress.com/ (20 April Hydroponics at work, https:// 2011) picasaweb.google.com/4sophora/ Ogden, Scott and Ogden, Lauren Springer. Plant IPPSTucsonTour#5334764303322644770 (25 March Driven Design. Portland: Timber Press, 2008. 2011). http://www.travelblog.org/Photos/70026 (20 Revegetation April 2011). Margolis, L. and Robinson, A. Living Systems: Therapy Commons Innovative Materials and Technologies for Landscape Rammed Earth Image: http://www. Architecture. Basel: Birkhäuser, 168-169, 2007. materialicious.com/2009/07/sirewall-stabilized- insulated-rammed-earth-walls.html. (27 April 2011) Frosted Glass Sliding Door Image: http:// www.apartmenttherapy.com/chicago/inspiration/ modern-room-dividers-from-the-sliding-door- company-049323. (25 April 2011). Masonry Image: http://www.rgbstock.com/ photo/mjcxFZ2/Brick+Wall (27 April 2011). Central Courtyard Inspirations: http://www.teneyckla.com/ projects/health-environments/arizona-cancer-center- at-umc-north/ (20 April 2011) http://www.teneyckla.com/projects/parks- recreation-sporting-facilities/chaparral-park/ (20 April 2011)
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Resources and contacts 520-432-9400 assistance, 520-458-8278, [email protected]. Bisbee: Nogales: edu • Bisbee Soil Program, Stacy Mueller, Community • South East Arizona Area Health Education Center, Cochise College Sierra Vista Campus: Outreach Coordinator, Office: 520.432.5418, Toll Nogales AZ, 520-287-4722 • Jennifer Lakosil, Director of Nursing, 1-800-966- free: 1-866-930-3244 Tucson: 7943, [email protected] • Bisbee Food Co-op, 520-432-4011 • Yoga Movement Therapy, Donna Goodhart, Blue • Ben Berry, Director of Education, says Fort • Bisbee Farmer’s Market (seasonal), Laura Smith, Lotus Good Heart Yoga Huachuca has a community service requirement, Market Manager, at 520-236-8409 Phoenix: 520-515-5363, [email protected] • Bisbee Wellness Initiative, Cheyenne McMasters, • Arizona Center for Children with Disabilities, pro 520-227-7181 bono lawyers, 5025 E. Washington Street, Suite • Border Animal Rescue, pet fostering, Dee Jordan 202, Phoenix, AZ, 85034, 602-274-6287, 800-927- Websites and Books 520-432-7214 2260 Horticulture and Autism: • Ecoasis Organic Café and Gardens, Serena Sullivan, • Stardust Center for Affordable Homes and the • Autism One, http://www.autismone.org http:// 520-981-3739 http://www.ecoasiscafe.com/ Family, Dr. Sherry Ahrentzen 602-496-1460 growgardensforautism.blogspot.com/ • Central School Project, visiting artist outreach, Outside Arizona: • Design Guidelines of a Therapeutic garden for 520-432-4866 • Water testing for agriculture, Micro Macro Labs, Autistic Children - Masters Thesis by Bonnie • World Wide small motors business, George 183 Paradise Boulevard, Suite 108, Athens, GA Herbert, http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd- Pettenger, 520-432-4146, or 4746. Interest in 30607, 706-548-4557 0127103-211300/unrestricted/Hebert_thesis.pdf employment opportunities for autistic people • A&L Analytical Laboratories, Inc., 2790 Whitten • American Horticultural Therapy Association, • Recycling Service, City of Bisbee Public Works Road, Memphis, TN 38133, 800-264-4522 http://www.ahta.org/ Department, 520-432-6002 University of Arizona: Aquatic Therapy: • Bisbee Community Development, John Charley • University of Arizona Cochise County Cooperative • Aquatic Therapy & Rehab Insititute, http://www. Community Development Director, 118 Arizona Extension Waterwise Program, Cado Daily atri.org/ Street, Bisbee, AZ 520- 432-6269, jcharley@ Program Coordinator Senior, Water Wise Program, • Therapeutic Recreation Directory, http://www. cityofbisbee.com 1140 N. Colombo Ave Sierra Vista, AZ 85635, 520- recreationtherapy.com Sierra Vista: 458-8278 x 2139 • Aquatic Therapy and Rehabilitation Institute, www. • Sierra Vista Natural Foods Cooperative, Inc., 520- • University of Arizona Controlled Environment atra-tr.org 508-7201 Agriculture Program, Department of Agriculture, • Healing Thresholds - research and aqautic programs • Sierra Vista Farmer’s Market, Diane Jones, www. Gene A. Giacomelli, PhD Professor Ag & http://autism.healingthresholds.com/ sierravistafarmersmarket.com Biosystems Engineering and Director CEAC, • Aquatic Resources Network, www.aquaticnet.com • CANTER, Equine Therapy, Sierra Vista, Peter 520-626-9566, [email protected]; http:// Leadership in Energy and Environmental Kelly–President, 520-366-0112 ag.arizona.edu/ceac Design (LEED): • Mary’s Mission and Development Center, a Level • University of Arizona Department of Chemical and • LEED Guidelines, http://www.usgbc.org/ II Therapeutic Treatment Center, 345 Taylor Dr. Environmental Engineering, Wendell Ela, PhD DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=19 Sierra Vista, AZ 85635, 520-417-2115 Professor Environmental Engineering, 520-626- • LEED Directory, http://www.usgbc.org/LEED/AP/ • Sierra Vista Community Development, Don Brush, 9323, [email protected] LEEDProfessionalDirectory.aspx 1011 N Coronado Drive, Sierra Vista, AZ, (520) • University of Arizona School of Plant Sciences-RES, 458-3315 [email protected] Patricia Rorabaugh, PhD Assistant Professor of Cochise County: Practice, Plant Sciences, 520-626-9953, patrora@ Films • Cochise County Planning and Zoning, Keith ag.arizona.edu • Autism Is a World. [United States]: State of the Art, Dennis, 520-432-9244 , [email protected] • University of Arizona Campus Agriculture Center, Inc, 2005. • Cochise County Association for the Handicapped, Arturo Baez, Senior Farm Supervisor, greenhouse • Autism The Musical. [New York, NY]: Louis Ruiz, 1556 Naco Highway Bisbee, AZ http:// specialist, 520-237-0720, [email protected] Docuramafilms, 2007. www.ccahbisbee.org • University of Arizona South, Sierra Vista, J.C. • Through the Eyes of Autism. [Hollywood, CA: Erica • Cochise County Health Department, Vaira Harik, Mutchler and Lissa Howe, goat aquisition Jean Films, 2005.
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• Temple Grandin. [New York]: HBO Home research and program initiatives. http://grants.nih. • passive water harvesting: using topography and Entertainment, 2010. gov/grants/funding/funding_program.htm gravity to collect rain water and irrigate vegetation • The Horse Boy. [United States]: Zeitgeist Films, Bamford-Lahey Children’s Foundation: • active water harvesting: pumping collected water 2010. Funds and supports projects which have broad to irrigate vegetation implications for the learning and use of spoken Revegetation and Restoration: Funding Opportunities language for parents with children who have • restoration/revegetation: returning compromised The Daniel Jordan Fiddle Foundation: developmental language disorders. http://bamford- lands to a healthy ecosystem lahey.org/guidelines.html • native species: species that naturally occurs in a Provides grants to programs that enrich the lives finite area of adolescents and adults with Autistic Spectrum NIH-Eunice Kennedy Shriver National • invasive species: species that does not naturally Disorder (ASD). They also provide grants to Institute of Child Health and Human occur in a finite area whose establishment and programs that address these challenges as they relate Development: spread modifies ecosystems, habitats, or species. to adolescents and adults with ASD. The organization Offers a variety of funding resources for • bosque: small wooded area also provides community outreach and education research, autism programs and grant forms and • riparian: living in or associated with a watercourse regarding the life-span issues associated with ASD applications. http://www.nichd.nih.gov/funding/ and its banks and this is accomplished through the Foundation’s research.cfm involvement in community- based events http:// The Golden Fund for Autism: Agricultural Systems: www.djfiddlefoundation.org/ Raises funds for children diagnosed with • greenhouse: enclosed structure with or without Autism Partnership: ASD and their families to assist them in obtaining supplied heat used to cultivate plants • hoophouse: inverted U shaped greenhouse with Gives aid to parents of autistic children by various health, wellness, and therapeutic treatments portable structure (less durable, but typically funding research. They offer grants to researchers not otherwise covered by health insurance or other cheaper up front costs) who conduct studies to test the effectiveness of financial means. http://www.goldenfundautism.org/ • permaculture: integration of human systems various breakthrough behavioral teaching procedures and natural systems to create a self-sustaining and behavioral intervention strategies to help Terminology agricultural system further the evolution of ASD treatment. http:// • hydroponics: growing of plants in a nutrient autismpartnership.com/supportfamfound.html Design: solution with or without soil National Autism Association: • ordering systems: key general goals that guide and should be incorporated into all designs • community supported agriculture: community Provides families with financial assistance in • design concept: cohesive group of ideas within of individuals who support a small local farming getting necessary therapy services for their autistic which there are: operation. Growers typically deliver or prepare child. http://www.nationalautismassociation.org/ • master plan: a plan providing overall guidance for pick-up boxes of some assortment of currently helpinghand.php designing EHR harvestable vegetables, fruit, dairy products and Global Autism Collaboration: • components: specific ingredients that are mixed to crafts etc. for the consumers at a fixed 1-season Collaborates with the Autism Research Center create a concept rate. in San Diego to conduct research on various • details: how components will actually be executed therapeutic methods. They then use this research to provide information for parents and caregivers of Water Systems: • run-off: rain water which has fallen and is following children with autism, as well as other professionals in the path of least resistance (can be collected for the field. http://www.autism.org/ use) Doug Flutie Jr. Foundation: • water harvesting: collecting water for reuse from Provides funding to programs that human sources and natural sources divided into: address autism, and scholarships to families • gray water: water from showers, lavatory sinks and who have children with autism. http://www. washing machines dougflutiejrfoundation.org/ • black water: water from toilet flushing, kitchen U.S. Department of Health and Human sinks and dishwashers Services: • rain water: water collected from buildings, roads, Offers a variety of grants for a wide variety of paths and other hard surfaces when it rains
117 Appendices