Forging a New Course for the Mekong
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The Multiplication of Dams Reduces the Mekong's Flow
Sentinel Vision EVT-767 The multiplication of dams reduces the Mekong's flow 19 November 2020 Sentinel-1 CSAR IW acquired on 06 October 2014 from 22:45:02 to 22:45:31 UTC ... Se ntinel-1 CSAR IW acquired on 29 August 2020 from 11:21:38 to 11:24:33 UTC Sentinel-1 CSAR IW acquired on 04 October 2020 from 22:44:48 to 22:45:13 UTC Author(s): Sentinel Vision team, VisioTerra, France - [email protected] 3D Layerstack Keyword(s): River, hydrology, dam, biodiversity, hydropower, green energies, sediments, fishing, agriculture, salinity, China, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam Fig. 1 - S1 (29.08.2020 - 03.09.2020) - Chinese dams built on the Mekong river. 2D view Fig. 2 - S1 (20.08.2015) - Before the construction of Dahuaqiao dam in the Yunnan province of China. 3D view / The Mekong River Commission For Sustainable Development describes the Mekong river as "one of the world’s great rivers. Covering a distance of nearly 5,000 km from its source on the Tibetan Plateau in China to the Mekong Delta, the river flows through six countries: China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam." Fig. 3 - S1 (29.08.2020) - Five years later, view after the building of Dahuaqiao dam. 3D view "The basin is home to one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world, with more than 20,000 plant species and 850 fish species discovered to date. An estimated 80% of the nearly 65 million people living in the Lower Mekong River Basin depend on the river and its rich natural resources for their livelihoods, making sustainable development crucial for the environment and communities living in the basin." Fig. -
Mekong Tipping Point
Mekong Tipping Point Richard Cronin Timothy Hamlin MEKONG TIPPING POINT: HYDROPOWER DAMS, HUMAN SECURITY AND REGIONAL STABILITY RICHARD P. CRONIN TIMOTHY HAMLIN AUTHORS ii │ Copyright©2010 The Henry L. Stimson Center Cover design by Shawn Woodley All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent from The Henry L. Stimson Center. The Henry L. Stimson Center 1111 19th Street, NW 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 Phone: 202.223.5956 fax: 202.238.9604 www.stimson.org | iii CONTENTS Preface............................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ v Hydropower Proposals in the Lower Mekong Basin.......................................viii Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 The Political Economy of Hydropower.............................................................. 5 Man Versus Nature in the Mekong Basin: A Recurring Story..................... 5 D rivers of Hydropower Development................................................................ 8 Dams and Civil Society in Thailand.......................................................... 10 From Migratory to Reservoir Fisheries .................................................... 13 Elusive Support for Cooperative Water Management..................................... -
Tài Liệu Tổng Hợp TỪ MEKONG ĐẾN CỬU LONG
1 Tài liệu tổng hợp TỪ MEKONG ĐẾN CỬU LONG (Update March 1, 2016) Chúng tôi xin ghi lòng tạc dạ công ơn Tổ tiên đã khổ công gầy dựng giang sơn gấm vóc. Chúng tôi xin tri ân các Bậc Tiền Nhân đã lưu lại tài liệu, sách vở, hình ảnh cho con cháu đời sau hiểu biết về dòng sông Cửu Long đã từng nuôi sống bao thế hệ vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long nói riêng và Việt Nam nói chung. Chúng tôi rất cám ơn các nhiếp ảnh gia, tác giả của những tấm hình mà chúng tôi xin được mạn phép dùng cho tập tài liệu tổng hợp này. Rất mong quý Anh Chị lượng thứ khi thấy chúng tôi sử dụng hình trên Internet cho tập sách nhỏ bé này. Những hình ảnh nếu đã có Copyright mà chúng tôi không được biết, chúng tôi sẵn lòng liên lạc với nhiếp ảnh gia đã chụp ảnh. Tập tài liệu này KHÔNG dành để bán mà chỉ là sự sưu tầm để học hỏi trong nhóm. Chúng tôi tha thiết mong đợi các bạn trẻ Việt Nam hãy đồng hành cùng chúng tôi cứu dòng sông Mekong-Cửu Long đang cạn kiệt nguồn nước. Trân trọng, - Nhóm sưu tập tài liệu LymHa - 2 MỤC LỤC CHƯƠNG 1: LỜI DẪN NHẬP CHƯƠNG 2: TÊN CỦA DÒNG SÔNG MEKONG CHƯƠNG 3: VỊ TRÍ ĐỊA LÝ DÒNG SÔNG MEKONG CHƯƠNG 4: NHỮNG NHÀ THÁM HIỂM DÒNG SÔNG MEKONG CHƯƠNG 5: SỰ HÌNH THÀNH DÒNG SÔNG MEKONG 1. Điểm phát xuất 2. -
Integrative Dam Assessment Model (Idam) Documentation a Users Guide to the Idam Methodology and a Case Study from Southwestern China
INTEGRATIVE DAM ASSESSMENT MODEL (IDAM) DOCUMENTATION A USERS GUIDE TO THE IDAM METHODOLOGY AND A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTHWESTERN CHINA citation: Kibler, K., D. Tullos, B. Tilt, A. Wolf, D. Magee, E. Foster-Moore, F. Gassert, 2012. Integrative Dam Assessment Model (IDAM) Documentation: Users Guide to the IDAM Methodology and a Case Study from Southwestern China. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 1 1.0 USERS GUIDE TO THE IDAM METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 2 1.1 BACKGROUND: DAM BUILDING AND DECISION MAKING ................................................... 2 1.1.1 FINDINGS FROM THE WORLD COMMISSION ON DAMS ...................................................................... 2 1.1.2 INTERACTION OF SOCIOECONOMIC, GEOPOLITICAL, AND BIOPHYSICAL DAM EFFECTS ............................... 3 1.1.3 NEED FOR MORE COMPREHENSIVE DECISION‐MAKING MODELS ........................................................... 4 1.2 THE INTEGRATIVE DAM ASSESSMENT MODEL (IDAM) ................................................................... 5 1.2.1 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF IDAM ..................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 IDAM IMPACTS AND INDICATORS .................................................................................................. 7 1.2.3 STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION .................................................................................................... -
Dams and Development in China
BRYAN TILT DAMS AND The Moral Economy DEVELOPMENT of Water and Power IN CHINA DAMS AND DEVELOPMENT CHINA IN CONTEMPORARY ASIA IN THE WORLD CONTEMPORARY ASIA IN THE WORLD DAVID C. KANG AND VICTOR D. CHA, EDITORS This series aims to address a gap in the public-policy and scholarly discussion of Asia. It seeks to promote books and studies that are on the cutting edge of their respective disciplines or in the promotion of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary research but that are also accessible to a wider readership. The editors seek to showcase the best scholarly and public-policy arguments on Asia from any field, including politics, his- tory, economics, and cultural studies. Beyond the Final Score: The Politics of Sport in Asia, Victor D. Cha, 2008 The Power of the Internet in China: Citizen Activism Online, Guobin Yang, 2009 China and India: Prospects for Peace, Jonathan Holslag, 2010 India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia, Šumit Ganguly and S. Paul Kapur, 2010 Living with the Dragon: How the American Public Views the Rise of China, Benjamin I. Page and Tao Xie, 2010 East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute, David C. Kang, 2010 Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics, Yuan-Kang Wang, 2011 Strong Society, Smart State: The Rise of Public Opinion in China’s Japan Policy, James Reilly, 2012 Asia’s Space Race: National Motivations, Regional Rivalries, and International Risks, James Clay Moltz, 2012 Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical Memory in Chinese Politics and Foreign Relations, Zheng Wang, 2012 Green Innovation in China: China’s Wind Power Industry and the Global Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy, Joanna I. -
Letters from the MEKONG TIME for a NEW NARRATIVE on MEKONG HYDROPOWER
Time for a New Narrative on Mekong Hydropower Letters from the MEKONG TIME FOR A NEW NARRATIVE ON MEKONG HYDROPOWER by Richard Cronin and Courtney Weatherby OCTOBER 2015 1 © 2015 The Stimson Center All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent from the Stimson Center. Photo credits: Courtney Weatherby: front cover, page 17, 36, and back cover Rich Cronin: pages 12, 14, 15, 28, 31 Brian Eyler: pages 4, 20, 24, 26 International Rivers: page 22 NASA Observatory: page 34 STIMSON 1211 Connecticut Avenue NW, 8th Floor Washington, DC 20036 Tel: 202.223.5956 | Fax: 202.238.9604 www.stimson.org Time for a New Narrative on Mekong Hydropower CONTENTS Introduction 5 Background 7 Xayaburi and Don Sahong Dam Projects: Site Visits and Findings 13 Xayaburi Dam Site Visit 15 Don Sahong Site Visit 17 Emerging Need for a New Narrative 21 The China Factor 25 Recommendations 29 Conclusion 35 About and Acknowledgements 38 3 Letters from the Mekong THE CURRENT NARRATIVE IS OVERLY PESSIMISTIC… A NEW AND MORE NUANCED VIEW IS REQUIRED. Villages in the Siphandon region 4near the Don Sahong Dam site. CRONIN & WEATHERBY Time for a New Narrative on Mekong Hydropower INTRODUCTION This issue brief – the second in Stimson’s “Letters from the Mekong” series – examines the current status of mitigation efforts at Laos’ Xayaburi and Don Sahong dam projects and the relevance of the existing narrative surrounding hydropower development on the river’s mainstream. Based on extensive research on the status and expected impacts of these projects, the authors of this brief have concluded that the current narrative of inev- itability surrounding the future of the Mekong is increasingly at odds with what is in fact a very fluid situation. -
Downstream Impacts of Lancang Dams in Hydrology, Fisheries And
Downstream Impacts of Lancang/ Upper Mekong Dams: An Overview Pianporn Deetes International Rivers August 2014 • In the wet season, the Lancang dams run at normal operation levels for power generation and release extra water if the water level exceeds normal water level. • In the dry season, Xiaowan and Nuozhadu will generally release the water to downstream dams so that to ensure other dams can run at full capacity. • The total storage of six complete dams is 41 km3. And the total regulation storage is 22 km3 Dam Name Installed Dam Height Total Regulation Regulation Status Capacity (m) Storage storage Type (MW) (km3) (km3) Gongguoqiao 900 130 0.32 0.05 Seasonal Completed (2012) Xiaowan 4200 292 15 10 Yearly Completed (2010) Manwan 1550 126 0.92 0.26 Seasonal Completed (phase 1 in1995 and phase 2 in 2007) Dachaoshan 1350 118 0.94 0.36 Seasonal Completed (2003) Nuozhadu 5850 261.5 22.7 11.3 Yearly Completed (2012) Jinghong 1750 118 1.14 0.23 Seasonal Completed (2009) Ganlanba 155 60.5 Run-of- Planned river Hydrology Flow Lancang dams has increased dry season flows and reduces wet season flows: • At China border, the flow can increase as much as 100% in March due to the operation of Manwan, Daochaoshan Jinghong and Xiaowan dams (Chen and He, 2000) • On average, the Lower Lancang cascade increased the December–May discharge by 34 to155 % and decreased the discharge from July to September by 29–36 % at Chiang Saen station (Rasanen, 2012) • After the Manwan Dam was built, the average minimum flow yearly decreased around 25% at Chiang Saen (Zhong, 2007) Rasanen (2012) Hydrology Water Level Monthly average water level data from Chiang Khong clearly showed the impacts of the first filling of Nuozhadu Dam. -
The Xayaburi Dam the Xayaburi Dam a LOOMING THREAT to the MEKONG RIVER
The Mekong River, downstream of the proposed site for the Xayaburi Dam The Xayaburi Dam A LOOMING THREAT TO THE MEKONG RIVER ocated in a mountainous valley in Northern Laos, the proposed Xayaburi hydropower dam is the L most advanced of eleven large dams planned for the Lower Mekong River’s mainstream. If built, the dam will cause irreversible and permanent ecological change to a mighty river that feeds millions of people, forcibly resettle over 2,100 people and directly affect over 202,000 people, and could push iconic and endangered fi sh species, such as the Mekong Giant Catfi sh, to extinction. The Lower Mekong River’s distinctive annual fl ood cycle supports through a regional decision-making process called the “Procedures a vast and intricate web of life that is shared between the countries for Notifi cation, Prior Consultation and Agreement” (PNPCA), of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. The Mekong is one facilitated by the Mekong River Commission. of the most biodiverse river systems in the world and is host to the world’s most productive freshwater fi shery. Yet, this remarkable If approved, the dam would create serious environmental damage resource, which provides income and food for tens of millions of to the river’s aquatic resources and fi sheries both locally and basin- people, is under threat due to proposals to build the Xayaburi wide. Around 2,100 people would be resettled by the project, and Dam on the river’s mainstream that has the potential to more than 202,000 people living near the dam would suffer impacts irrevocably change the river forever. -
Environmental and Social Impacts of Lancang Dams
Xiaowan Dam Environmental and Social Impacts of Lancang Dams the water to downstream dams so as to ensure other dams can run at full capacity. Xiaowan and Nuozhadu are the two yearly regulated dams with big regulation storages, while all the others have very limited seasonal regulation capacity. A wide range of studies have confirmed that the wet season Summary flow will decrease, while the dry season flow will increase because of the operation of the Lancang dams. Because the This research brief focuses on the downstream impacts on Lancang river contributes 45% of water to the Mekong basin hydrology, fisheries and sedimentations caused by the Lower in the dry season, the flow change impacts on downstream Lancang cascade in China. Manwan and Dachaoshan were reaches will be more obvious increasing flows by over 100% the first two dams completed on the Lancang River (in 1995 at Chiang Saen. An increase in water levels in the dry sea- (first phase) and 2003 respectively) and many changes have son will reduce the exposed riverbank areas for river bank been observed. Many scientific studies have been done to gardens and other seasonal agriculture. Millions of villagers evaluate the impacts from Manwan and Dachaoshan dams who live along the Mekong River grow vegetables in river- by analyzing monitoring and survey data. With the two big- bank gardens and their livelihoods will be largely impacted gest dams of the cascade, Xiaowan and Nuozhadu, put into if losing the gardens. In the wet season, the decrease of operation in 2010 and 2012, bigger downstream impacts are flow at Chiang Saen caused by the Lancang dams holding expected to be observed. -
Irrigation in Southern and Eastern Asia in Figures AQUASTAT Survey – 2011
37 Irrigation in Southern and Eastern Asia in figures AQUASTAT Survey – 2011 FAO WATER Irrigation in Southern REPORTS and Eastern Asia in figures AQUASTAT Survey – 2011 37 Edited by Karen FRENKEN FAO Land and Water Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2012 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107282-0 All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. -
SWAT Model for Sediment and Nutrient Simulation in the Mekong River Basin
Mekong River Commission Technical Support Division Information and Knowledge Management Program Component 4: Modelling Draft Working Paper The SWAT Model for Sediment and Nutrient Simulation in the Mekong River Basin December 2015 CONTENTS AMENDMENT RECORD This report has been issued and amended as follows: Issue Revision Description Date Signed 1 0 First Version of 10/12/2015 Ornanong, Documentation Rattykone, Vannaphone Key Person who contributed work: Riparian and National Team Ms. Ornanong Vonnarart Regional Modelling Consultant Mr. Rattykone Sayasane Regional Modelling Consultant Ms.Sopheap Lim Modeller – IKMP Mr. Vannaphone Phetpaseuth National Modelling Expert, 2015 Mr. Simarron Chhoeun National Modelling Expert, 2015 Mr.Pory Sakhon Assistant Modeller for CS, 2015 Mr.Bounmy Chayavong Assistant Modeller for CS, 2015 Mr.Direk Kongpae Assistant Modeller for CS, 2015 Mr.Nguyen Thanh Dat Assistant Modeller for CS, 2015 International Expert: Dr.Srinivasan USDA Agricultural Research Service/Texas A&M AgriLife Research Dr.Anthony Green DSF Technical Advisor for CS CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction 1 2. The Data Available and Analysis 2 2.1 The Sediment and Nutrient monitoring station 2 2.2 Approach for the data analysis 3 3. SWAT Sediment and Nutrient Process 6 4. SWAT Sediment Model Set-up and Calibration Process 12 4.1 Model Configuration 12 4.2 Calibration Location 14 4.3 Calibration Criteria 20 5. Calibration Result 21 5.1 Sediment Calibration Result 21 5.2 Total Nitrogen Calibration Result 25 5.3 Total Phosphorus Calibration Result 27 6. The SWAT Model Output 37 7. Conclusion and area for improvement 40 8. Reference 41 Annex A: Sediment and Nutrient Parameter of model Calibration Annex B: Sediment and Nutrient calibration Result on the Mekong Key station Annex C: SWAT Check result from SWAT model A0-A9 1. -
Don Sahong Brief
DON SAHONG DAM BRIEF VERY HIGH RISK FOR CAMBODIA January 2014 Key Messages: - The Don Sahong Dam would block the only channel suitable for year-round fish migration between Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) and Thailand. - Would cause a very high risk for national and local fisheries with impacts likely to be experienced throughout the Lower Mekong Basin and repercussions for food security and nutrition for at least 75% of Cambodia’s population, and the nation’s economy. - There currently exist no proven methods to mitigate the dam’s impact on Mekong fisheries. - The EIA and supporting documents submitted by Mega First incorporates inappropriate methodologies with recommendations not supported by scientific evidence. - Financial returns of the US$300 million dam are limited and disproportionate with the expected high risks. - Construction and operation of the dam would likely hasten the extinction of the remaining 85 Critically Endangered Mekong River population Irrawaddy dolphins. - The Don Sahong Dam The proposed 260 MW Don Sahong Dam is one of twelve hydropower projects currently being studied and proposed for construction on the lower stretches of the Mekong River. Located 1.5 kilometres from the Lao-Cambodian border in Champasak Province, Lao PDR, the dam will block the Hou Sahong channel, one of the main dry season channels that comprise the Khone Falls section of the Mekong. The Don Sahong would be the second dam, after Xayaburi, which is also located in Lao PDR, to be approved for construction on the mainstream of the Lower Mekong River. Lao PDR has prioritized hydropower development with the electricity generated from the Don Sahong and Xayaburi Dams being planned for export to Thailand.