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Environmental Assessment Report KGZ: CAREC Transport Corridor I

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Environmental Assessment Report KGZ: CAREC Transport Corridor I Environmental Assessment Report Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 39674 July 2008 KGZ: CAREC Transport Corridor I (Bishkek–Torugart Road) Project Prepared by the Ministry of Transport and Communications for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of July 2008) Currency Unit – Kyrgyz Som (Som) 35.2 Som = $ 1 $100 = 3520 Som The exchange rate of the Kyrgyz Som is determined under a floating exchange rate system. In this report, the rate used is the rate prevailing at the above date. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED ADB Asian Development Bank о С Degrees of Celsius CAR Central Asian Republics cm Centimeter CSE Construction Supervision Engineers DEM Department of Ecological Monitoring (under SAEPF) EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement ESC Environmental Statement of Consequences ha Hectare KHM Kyrgyz Agency on Hydrometeorology (under MOES) km Kilometer km/h Kilometers per hour KR Kyrgyz Republic m Meter mg/m3 Milligrams per cubic meter MOH Ministry of Health of KR MOES Ministry of Emergency Situations of KR MOTC Ministry of Communication and Transport of KR NGO Non-Governmental Organization PIU Project Implementation Unit PRC People’s Republic of China RP Resettlement Plan SAEPF State Agency for Environment Protection & Forestry of KR SANEPID Department of Sanitary and Epidemiologic Control under MOH SER State Environmental Review SPA Specially Protected Area USD US Dollar TA Technical Assistance NOTE (i) In this report, “$” refers to U.S. Dollars. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................................................3 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................6 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ...........................................................................................................6 1.2 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT .......................................................................................................6 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT.............................................................................................7 2.1 CATEGORY AND TYPE OF PROJECT ..............................................................................................7 2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................8 2.3 PROJECT LOCATION ....................................................................................................................8 3 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK............................12 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT...................................................................................12 3.1.1 Legal Framework of EA in KR............................................................................................12 3.1.2 Institutional Framework of EA in KR .................................................................................12 3.1.3 Application of the EA Legislation .......................................................................................12 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION................................................................................................14 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE POTENTIALLY AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT..........................14 4.1 PHYSICAL RESOURCES..............................................................................................................14 4.1.1 Topography..........................................................................................................................14 4.1.2 Seismic and Geological Characteristics.............................................................................15 4.1.3 Soils and Permafrost ...........................................................................................................16 4.1.4 Air Quality and Climate ......................................................................................................17 4.1.5 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................20 4.1.6 Natural Hazards ..................................................................................................................21 4.1.7 Noise and Vibration.............................................................................................................25 4.2 ECOLOGIC RESOURCES .............................................................................................................26 4.2.1 Fauna...................................................................................................................................26 4.2.2 Flora ....................................................................................................................................26 4.2.3 Ecosystems...........................................................................................................................27 4.2.4 Protected Areas....................................................................................................................29 4.3 ECONOMIC RESOURCES.............................................................................................................29 4.3.1 Industries and Agriculture...................................................................................................29 4.3.2 Tourism ................................................................................................................................30 4.3.3 Transport Networks .............................................................................................................30 4.3.4 Land Use..............................................................................................................................30 4.4 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES........................................................................................31 4.4.1 Population and Communities..............................................................................................31 4.4.2 Cultural and Historical Values............................................................................................31 5 ALTERNATIVES............................................................................................................................31 5.1 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE ........................................................................................................31 5.2 LOCATION ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................................32 5.3 TECHNOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES .......................................................................................33 6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION...........................................................................33 6.1 SCREENING POTENTIAL IMPACTS..............................................................................................33 6.2 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ..................................................................36 6.3 IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT .....................................................................................36 6.3.1 Topography..........................................................................................................................36 6.3.2 Soils and Permafrost ...........................................................................................................37 6.3.3 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................39 6.3.4 Climate and Air Quality ......................................................................................................40 6.3.5 Natural Disasters.................................................................................................................42 6.3.6 Noise and Vibration.............................................................................................................43 6.4 ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS ..............................................................................................................45 3 6.4.1 Flora ....................................................................................................................................45 6.4.2 Fauna...................................................................................................................................45 6.4.3 Ecosystems...........................................................................................................................45 6.4.4 Protected Areas....................................................................................................................46 6.5 SOCIO – ECONOMIC IMPACTS.....................................................................................................46 6.5.1 International Trade..............................................................................................................46 6.5.2 Industry, Agriculture, and Services.....................................................................................47 6.5.3 Tourism ................................................................................................................................47
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