A- Notes on the Geology of the South-Central Adirondack Highlands
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NEW YORK STATE GEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 36th Annual Meeting - May 8-10, 1964 GUIDEBOOK John James Prucha, Editor Department of Geology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. Publ ished by the New York State Geological Association. Additional copies available from the permanent secretary: Kurt E. Lowe, Department of Geology, City College of the City University of New York, l39th St. at Convent Ave., New York, N. Y. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE • • • • • • • • . NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE SOUTH-CENTRAL ADIRONDACK HIGHLANDS. • 3 by Dirk de Waard Fig. 1 Location of Adirondacks in Grenville orogenic belt 4 Fig. 2. Location of investigated region. • • • • • • • • • 4 Fig. 3. Basement-supracrustal relationship. • • • • • • • • 5 Fig. 4. Geologic map of Raquette Lake-Blue Mountain Lake-West Canada Lakes-Indian Lake region. • • • • • • • • 6 Fig. 5. Transition from metanorite to foliated metanorite to Keene gneiss. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10 Fig. 6. Textural and compositional boundaries and gradations in the central part of Snowy Mountain dome. • • • • • • 11 Fig. 7. ACFK diagram for hornblende-granulite subfacies. • • 14 Table 1• Geologic evolution of the Adirondacks. • • • • • • •• 8 Table 2. Correlation of mineral assemblages of charnockites and chemically similar gneisses and granulites. 15 Table 3. Possible mineral assemblages of charnockites. • • 15 TRIP A. CEDAR RIVER-BLUE MOUNTAIN SECTION, by Dirk de Waard. • • 18 Fig. 8. View of structure from Cedar River road ••• 9 TRIP A. SNOWY MOUNTAIN SECTION, by Will iam D. Romey. 20 Fig. 9. Geologic map of northeast corner of Indian La!~ quad- rangle and southeast corner of Blue Mountain quadrangle. 22 Fig.10. View east across Indian Lake. • • • • • • • 23 Fig. 11. Schematic section across Snowy Mountain dome •••••• 23 Table 4. Mineral content of rocks along Snowy Mountain section. 24 SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF THE SYRACUSE FIELD AREA •••••••• 25 by Ernest H. Muller Fig. 1. Geologic map showing field trip stops. • • • • • • • 26 Fig. 2. Glacial meltwater channels near Syracuse. • • •• 30 GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF THE SYRACUSE AREA • • • • • • • • • • 36 by Irwin H. Kantrowitz Table 1. Water-bearing units and quality of ground water. 38 BEDROCK TOPOGRAPHY IN THE ONEIDA LAKE AREA, NEW YORK •• • • • 39 by Irwin H. Kantrowitz Fig. 1. Bedrock topography in the Oneida Lake area. • • • • 40 TRIP B. GEOMORPHOLOGY OF ONEIDA BASIN AND SOUTH SLOPE OF THE. • 42 TUG HILL PLATEAU, by Ernest H. Muller, James S. Street and Jesse L. Craft TRIP D. GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE NORTH MARGIN 0:= THE APPA'-A':HIA~. 51 UPLANDS !'lEAR SYRACUSE, by Ernest H. Muller THE SALINA SROUP, by Willard P. Leutze ••• . " . 57 Fig. 1• Diagrammatic cross-section of the New York. • • 5·3 Sa 1 ina Sro'Jp · Fig. 2. Effect of Sa 1 ina Group on topography. · • • • · · 60 Fig. 3. Stratigraphy of the Sa 1 ina Group. · • • • · • . 62 FAC IES O~ THE MANLIUS FORMAT ION (LOWER DEVON IAN) OF NEW '{ORK STATE by Leo F. LaPor te • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 66 Fig. 1. Line of outcrop of Helderberg Group in New York. 66 Fig. 2. Restored section of Helderberg facies. • • • • • 68 Fig. 3. Restored section of the Man1 ius Limestone. • • • 68 Table 1. Summary of Man1 ius facies ••• . , • • • • • 69 STRUCTURAL FEATURES IN THE SYRACUSE AREA, by Newton E. Chute • • 74 NOTES ON THE ECONOl11C GEOLOGY OF THE SYRACUSE AREA, by Newton E. Chute 80 SOME ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY OF AGGREGATE MATERIALS IN WESTERN NEW YORK, by James R. Dunn •• . • • • • • · . 83 P1 ate 1. Data on samp 1es from Genera 1 Crushed Stone Co. Q..Iarry.. 86 Plate 2. Percent corrected clay vs. percent absorbtion for freeze-thaN sensitive carbonate rocks. • • • • • • • •• 88 TRIP C. STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE OF SILURIAN AND DEVONIAN STRATA. 90 IN THE SYRACUSE AREA, by Newton E. Chute and James C, Brower TRIP E. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE HAMILTON GROUP IN THE SYRA':USE AREA ••• 102 by Newton E. Chute and James C. Brower CORRELATION OF THE FALKIRK AND FIDDLERS GREEN MEM3ER OF THE BERTIE FORMAT 10;.J, by Jesse L. Craft. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 109 Fig. 1. Stratigraphic cross-section of the Bertie formation. 111 Fig. 2. Insoluble residues a,d magnesium carboi1ate in the Fiddlers Green. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 114 Fig. 3. Insoluble residues a'1d magnesium carbonate in the Camillus and Bertie formations •••••••••••••• 115 Table 1. Average composition of the Fa1kirk-Fidd1ers Green Unit. 110 PETROLOGY 0:= THE SILTSTONES IN THE LUDLOWVILLE FORMATION (MIDDLE DEVONIAN), ONONDAGA COUNTY, NEW YORK, by Herman S. Muskatt •••• 116 Plate 1. General ized section of the Lud1ovwi11e formation and Centerfield member of the Skaneateles formation. • • 125 Table 1. Quartz and::a1cite frequency and modal diameter of quartz.117 APPENDIX. Stratigra?hic sectio!l of the Syracuse Area ••••••••• 126 i i PREFACE This GUl~EBOOK is intended to be a permanent record of the 36th annual meeting of the New '{ork State Geological Association. The short papers accompanying the road logs of the various field trips are presented to enhance the merit of the field excursions. For the most part they su~narize previous information and ideas which aloe pertinent to the trips; in lesser part they piovide information and concepts which have not been pU0l ished elsewhere but which reflect the continuing research on problems of New York State geology in the Syracuse area and in the south-central Ad i rondacks. The editor1s contribution in assembl ing this volume has been nominal. Indivi- dual authors have been responsible for the contributions which they offer here, and for the most part they have done their O\..,tn proof-reading and editing of copy. The effoit which has gone into the planning of the field trips and the road logs can be fully appreciated only by those who have made similar contributions to the Associa- tion in ?ast years. Sp,~cial acknowledgment is made of the generous contributions by authors outside the Department of Geology at Syracuse University. Gratitude is expressed also to those SYI-acuse University students who have contributed their time, energy and en- thusiasm toward ma'dng the 36th annual meeting of the Association a success. John James Prucha Editor and President 1964 - 1 - NOTES ON THE GEOLO:;Y 0:= THE SOUTH-CENTRAL ADIRONDACK HIGHLANDS by Dirk de Waard GEOLOG I C RELAT IONS Present investigations in the central Adirondacks (and in the eastern Ad irondacks by Matt Walton) emphasize stratigraphy, catazonal tectonics, metamor phism, and a~atexis as the essential facets. A new interpretation of the geolo gic relations in the Precambrian of the Adirondack highlands recently proposed by Walton a:1d de Waard (1963a, b) is summarized as follows: 1. Contrary to the impression given in Buddington's (1939) famous memoir: ll '~dirondack Igneous Rocks and Their Metamorphism , almost all Precambrian rocks in the Adirondacks are metamorphic rocks with metamorphic assemblages and tex tures. The Adirondack anorthosite is a meta-anorthosite with a granul ite facies mineral assemblage in which large reI ic andesine plagioclase makes up a large part of the rock. Metagabbro and metadolerite commonly display a reI ic ophitic texture and contain cores of reI ic pyroxene, 01 ivine, and plagioclase. M,eta anorthosite and associated rocks, and metagabbro and metadolerite are the only rocks which show evidence of their pre-metamorphic origin. All other metamorphic rocks are completely recrystallized and without relic textures. On the basis of their composition some of them, such BS marble and quartzite, can indisputably be called metasediments. The origin of the great majority of rocks, including diverse potassic and sadie gneisses, charnockites, and metabasites, is not cer tain; they may have been plutonic, volcanic, or sedimentary. 2. Detailed mapping has revealed a consistent and persistent stratigraphy of alternating layers of diverse gneisses, charnockite, marble, amphibol ite, and quartzite. The layered sequence, which is over 1750 ~eters thick, appears to envelope and overl ie massifs of generally more homogeneous metamorphic rocks which include masses of anorthosite and associated rocks, charnockites, granu- 1 ites, leptites, a:1d gneisses of gra,itic composition. Because of this consis tent relationship between the stratigraphic sequence and the underlying massifs the present, most simple interpretation is that the massifs represent a basement complex which was formed, metamorphosed, folded, and intruded during an earl ier orogenic cycle, and denudated before deposition of supracrustal rocks began. The previous and alternative interpretation is that anorthositic, noritic, syenitic, and granitic masses intruded a supracrustal sequence at approximately the same stratigraphic level. 3. The structural pattern of the mapped area does not substantiate the presence of intrusive masses of bathol ithic dimensions a~d a sequence of intru sive events. The pattern is consistent with intense, deep-seated folding of basement and supracrustal sequence dJring the Grenville period of deformation and metamorphism. If primary flow structures were present in rocks they were obI iterated and replaced by metamorphic fol iation. Fol iation in the stratigraph ic sequence is a bedding-plane fol iation, parallel ing sedimentary bedding and compositional layering. In the basement complex fol iation parallels the layering of the overlying supracrustal sequence. Mineral 1 ineations and minor fold axes are parallel to fold axes of major folds. One exception to this rule is found in dome-shaped structures where radially oriented