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Of Fishery Bay, South Bass Island, Lake Erie

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Of Fishery Bay, South Bass Island, Lake Erie THE UNIONINAE (MOLLUSCA, PELECYPODA, NAIADACEA) OF FISHERY BAY, SOUTH BASS ISLAND, LAKE ERIE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By DAVID HONOR STANSBEKY, B.S., M.S. The Ohio State University I960 Approved by Adviser & Department of Zoology and Entomology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was nade under the supervision of Dr* Thomas H* Langlois to whom I owe a debt of gratitude for numerous suggestions and constructive criticisms. I have also been fortunate in having the use of the extensive library and collections of the Division of Mollusks of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and I wish to thank Dr* Henry van der Schalie for this privilege and many others received during the course of this study. I greatly appre­ ciate the valuable suggestions given by Dr. Aurele LaRocque, Dr* Ralph Dexter, Dr. H* Ray Eggleston, and Mr. Clarence Clark, each of whom gave freely of his time and knowledge. The arduous task of collecting was made less difficult by the assistance of Mr. Paul Webster, master of the Stone Laboratory research vessel BIOLAB, and Mr. Ernest Miller, Superintendent of the Ohio State Fish Hatchery at Put-In-Bay, Ohio* To these and to others who contributed in one way or another to the fund of information upon which this study is based I wish to express ay sincere appreciation. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Pag® INTRODUCTION. ..................... ................ 1 A HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF THE NAIADES OF LAKE HI IE........ 6 'EE ECOLOGICAL, ZOOGEOGRAHIICAL, TAXONOMIC IEOBLSM.......... 12 METHODS AND MATERIALS................................... 20 FhyBiography. ...... ......................... 20 Collection of Specimens..................... 21 Collection of Data from Specimens.................. 23 Treatment of Data.................... 33 Growth end Longevity.............. 39 THE mYSIOGRflJHY OF FISHERY BAY......................... 53 General Characteristics. .......... 53 Tervilligar1s Pond. ........... 61 Inner Bay......................................... 66 Outer Bay............................... 70 THE ORIGIN OF 3HE LAKE ERIE NAIAD FAUNA.............. 72 SUPERFAMILY NAIADACEA MENKE............................. 84 Fusconaia flava flava.................. 86 Fusconala flava undata ........... 90 Amhlema plicata pllcata. ......................... 108 Amblema pllcata peruviana............................ 11^ Quadrula ouadrula quadrula ................ 1 3 3 Quadrula pustulosa................................... 1^8 Cyclonaias tuberculata. ........................... 160 Pleurohema cordatum coccineum......................... 170 Elllptlo dllatatus. ......... ......... 18^ SUMMARY............................... 198 LITERATURE CITED.................... 200 AUTOBIOGRAIHY............................................ 216 ill LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 1 Interpretation of Terms Used by Naiadologists in Descriptive Studies.............................. 26 2 Age and Growth Data of Lake Erie Naiades.............. UU 3 Age and Growth Data of Lake Erie Naiades.............. U5 1; Age and Growth Data of Naiades.......... U6 5 Age and Growth Data of Naiades.......................U7 6 Age and Growth Data of Lake Erie Naiades.............. i+8 8 Age and Growth Data of Lake Erie Naiades........... 9 Age and Growth Data of Lake Erie Naiades.............. 52 10 Summary of Dimensional and Proportional Data of Shell Morphology of Fusconaia Flava............... 96 11 Dimensional and Proportional Data of Fusconaia Flava Related to Length Group..................... 96 12 Age-Length Relationship of Fusconaia Flava............ 99 13 Summary of Dimensional and Proportional Data of Shell Morphology of Amblema Plicata. ....... 120 lU Dimensional and Proportional Data of Amblema Plicata Related to Length Group.......................... 120 15 Age-Length Relationship of Amblema Plicata........... 125 16 Age-Length Relationship of Amblema Plicata (Say). 126 17 Summary of Dimensional and Proportional Data of Quadrula Quadrula Quadrula (Rafinesque)........... 139 iv LIST OF TABLES (contd.) TABLE Page 18 Dimensional and Proportional Data of Quadrula Quadrula (Rafinesque) Related to Length Group. 139 19 Age-Length Relationship of Quadrula Quadrula (Rafinesque)............................. Iii3 20 Summary of Dimensional and Proportional Data of Shell Morphology of Quadrula Pustulosa (Lea). 155 21 Dimensional and Proportional Data of Quadrula Pustulosa (Lea) Related to Length Group.. .... 155 22 Age-<arowth Relationship of Quadrula Pustulosa (Lea) . 157 23 Summary of Dimensional and Proportional Data of Shell Morphology of Cyclonaias Tuberculata (Rafinesque)................................ 16U 2U Age-Length Relationship of Cyclonaias Tuberculata . 167 25 Summary of Dimensional and Proportional Data of Shell Morphology of Pleurobema Cordatum Coccineum (Conrad). ............................. 177 26 Dimensional and Proportional Data of Pleurobema Cordatum Coccineum (Conrad) Related to Length Group. .............. 177 27 Age-Length Relationship of Pleurobema Cordatum Coccineum........................................ 180 28 Summary of Dimensional and Proportional Data of Shell Morphology of Elliptio Dilatatus (Rafinesque)..................................... 191 29 Dimensional and Proportional Data of Elliptio Pilatatus (Rafinesque) Related to Length Group . 191 30 Age-Length Relationship of Elliptio Dilatatus. 195 v LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1 Fishery Bay from the air (Langlois)............... 56 2 Fishery Bay from the north (Langlois).............. 56 3 Alligator Bar— normal water level (Langlois) ........ 57 it Alligator Bar— emerged during seiche (Langlois). 57 5 Causeway cut during seiche (Langlois).............. 58 6 Alligator Bar emerged during seiche (Langlois) .... 58 7 Terwillegar’s Pond— normal water level (Langlois). 62 8 Terwillegar’s Pond during seiche (Langlois) ......... 62 9 Fusconaia flava flava (Rafinesque, 1820) dorsal view . 87 10 Fusconaia flava flava (Rafinesque, 1820), lateral view. ................. .. ... 8 7 11 Fusconaia flava flava (Rafinesque, 1820), interior view.......................................... 87 12 Pleurobema cordatum coccineum (Conrad, 1836), dorsal view .................................. 87 13 Pleurobema cordatum coccineum (Conrad, 1836), lateral view.................... ............ 87 lit Pleurobema cordatum coccineum (Conrad, 1836), dorsal view.............. 87 15 Forms of Fusconaia flava.......................... 91 16 Amblema plicata (Say, 1817) lateral view ........... 109 17 Elliptio dilatatus (Rafinesque, 1820) lateral view . 109 vi LIST OF FIGURES (CONTD.) FIGURE Page 18 Forms of Amblema plicata........................... 115 19 Quadrula quadrula quadrula (Rafinesque, 1820), dorsal view.................................... 135 20 Quadrula quadrula quadrula (Rafinesque, 1820), lateral view................................... 135 21 Quadrula quadrula quadrula (Rafinesque, 1820), interior view.................................. 135 22 Quadrula pustulosa (Lea, 1831), lateral view....... 151 23 Cyclonaias tuberculata (Rafinesque, 1820), lateral view................................... 151 vii GRAPHS GRAPH Page I Age-Length Relationship of Fusconaia flava........ 100 II Age-Length Relationship of Amblema Plicata....... 128 III Age-Length Relationship of Quadrula quadrula quadrula.................................... lUi IV Age-Length Relationship of Quadrula pustulosa .... lkk V Age-Length Relationship of Cyclonaias tuberculata . 168 VI Age-Length Relationship of Pleurobema cordatum coccineum............................ 181 VII Age-Length Relationship of Elliptio dilatatus .... 196 viii MAPS Lake Erie and Its Tributary Streams............. 3 The Bass Islands of Lake Erie, Put-in-Bay Twp., Ottawa Co., Ohio* * ........... ....... —V). Fishery Bay of Lake Erie South Bass Island, Put-in-Bay Township, Ottawa County, Ohio. 5 The Bay Areas of South Bass Island, Put-in-Bay Twp., Ottawa Co., Ohio. .................... 55 Fishery Bay of Lake Erie ...................... 59 Fishery Bay of Lake Erie, Put-in-Bay Twp., Ottawa Co., Ohio.................................. 60 Terwillegar's Pond of Fishery Bay, Put-in-Bay Twp., Ottawa Co., Ohio. ...................... 63 Lake Maumee, High Stage...................... 78 The Cary-Port Huron, or Two Creek, or Lake Wayne Stage...................................... 78 Kirkfield Stage of Huron and Michigan Basins Early Erie Stage.................................. 81 Distribution of Naiad Faunal Groups in the Northeastern United States................... 81 Distribution Records of Fusconaia f. flava, Fusconaia flava undata, and Pleurobema cordatum coccineum in Fishery Bay. ................. 97 Distribution of Amblema p. plicata and Amblema plicata peruviana in Fishery Bay............. ix MAPS (contd.) MAP Page XIV Distribution Records of Quadrula cj. quadrula and quadrula pustulosa in Fishery Bay............. II4.I XV Distribution Records of Elliptio dilatatus and Cyclonaias tuberculata in Fishery B a y ......... 193 x INTRODUCTION This study of the naiad fauna of Fishery Bay at South Bass Island in the western basin of Lake Erie was initiated in the fall of 1953 as one phase of a comprehensive study of the entire bay area. The present report deals with the Unioninae of Fishery Bay* Collections and observations of the major fauna1 and floral groups represented were made during the following two years in each habitat area within the bay as well as in several other bays and the open
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