Annual report on quality in

1 July 2006 – 30 June 2007 Published by Public Health Group, Department of Human Services State Government of Victoria, , Victoria. March 2008 © Copyright State of Victoria, Department of Human Services, 2008 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). ISBN 0 7311 6282 X Authorised by the State Government of Victoria, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne. This document may also be downloaded from the following website: www.health.vic.gov.au/environment/water/drinking Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria iii

Foreword Victoria’s drinking water quality regulatory framework recognises the importance of safe drinking water to the ongoing social and economic wellbeing of Victorians. Water is necessary for life, and clean drinking water is necessary for maintaining public health. This has been brought into sharp focus by the ongoing drought conditions that much of Victoria has experienced during the past several years. The drinking water regulatory framework is detailed in the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 (the Act) and the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005 (the Regulations). The Act and Regulations provide a comprehensive regulatory framework that encompasses a catchment-to-tap, risk-based approach to the management of drinking water quality across the state. The key objectives of this regulatory framework are to ensure: • where water is supplied as drinking water it is safe to drink • any water not intended to be drinking water cannot be mistaken for drinking water • water quality information is disclosed to consumers and is open to public accountability. This annual report has been prepared in accordance with section 32 of the Act, which requires the Secretary to the Department of Human Services to provide the Minister for Health with an annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria. This annual report, the third produced under the Act, provides an overview of the operations and implementation of the Act and the performance of water businesses in regard to the 2006–07 reporting period (1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007). It summarises the performance of water businesses against the state’s water quality standards, and provides information in relation to water quality incidents and events. Copies of this report can be obtained from the Department of Human Services’ Drinking Water Regulatory Section (1300 761 874), or downloaded from the website: www.health.vic.gov.au/environment/water/drinking iv Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria v

Contents Foreword iii

Executive summary vii

Section 1: Victoria’s Drinking Water Quality Regulatory Framework and Activities of the Department under the Act 1 Victoria’s Drinking Water Quality Regulatory Framework 3 Administration of the Act 3 Activities of the Department of Human Services 3 Water sampling localities and water sampling points 3 Risk management plans and risk management plan audits 4 Undertakings 4 Regulated water 5 Communication 6 Data management 6 Disclosure of information 6 Fluoridation 6 Expenditure under the Act 6

Section 2: Statewide perspective of drinking water quality 9 Water quality data for Victoria for 2006–07 11 Drinking water supplies in Victoria 11 Standards for drinking water quality 11 Microbiological organisms – Escherichia coli 12 Turbidity 13 Chemicals derived from disinfection or treatment with chlorine 13 Chemicals derived from disinfection or treatment with ozone 15 Aluminium 15 Water quality trends 16 Bushfi re 17 Flood 17 Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance 18 Reporting of water quality incidents to the department 19 Reporting of water quality incidents and events 19 Assessment of water quality incidents by the department 19 Water quality incidents 2006–07 20 Reported water quality incidents: Water suppliers 20 Escherichia coli detected in drinking water supplies 20 Other micro-organisms in drinking water supplies 20 Blue-Green Algae 20 Chlorinator/ultraviolet disinfection system failures 21 Other incidents 21 Customer complaints 22 Reported water quality incidents: Water storage managers 23 vi Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Section 3: Summaries of performance of individual water businesses 25 Alpine resorts 27 34 Central Highlands Water 37 41 44 East Water 49 Gippsland Water 53 Goulburn-Murray Water 56 Water 60 Water (GWM Water) 66 Lower Murray Water 72 74 North East Water 76 Parks Victoria 81 South East Water 84 South Gippsland Water 87 Southern Rural Water 90 Wannon Water 93 Western Water 100 Westernport Water 104 107

A pp en dic e s 111 Appendix A: Water storage managers and water suppliers 2006–2007 113 Appendix B: Overview of Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 and Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005 and Functions of the Secretary to the Department of Human Services 114 Appendix C: Gazettal dates for water sampling localities 116 Appendix D: Current undertakings 117 Appendix E: Regulated water declarations 121 Appendix F: Contact details for water businesses 122 Appendix G: Water quality for 2006-07 reporting period 123 Appendix H: 2006–07 Water supplier incidents and events 137 Appendix I: 2006–07 Water storage manager incidents and events 141 Appendix J: Localities and towns 143 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria vii

Executive summary Victoria’s drinking water quality water businesses to put in place associated illness. The reported regulatory framework is based on the undertakings that establish agreed incidents and events were generally concept of continuous improvement. courses of action to resolve issues of minor in nature and principally consisted This concept is articulated through non-compliance and to protect public of the sporadic detection of E. coli the risk management plans water health. By the end of the reporting bacteria, blue-green algal blooms businesses are required to prepare period many of the undertakings had or temporary failures of disinfection and implement for their drinking water been completed and improvements in equipment. supplies. This risk-based approach water quality were evident. During the 2006–07 reporting period to the maintenance of drinking water For the fi rst time in the three reporting the vast majority of Victorians had quality instils a proactive, rather than periods a water sampling locality in access to compliant drinking water. With reactive, management approach, where metropolitan Melbourne was found to the exception of trihalomethanes, the risks to drinking water quality are be non-compliant with a water quality percentage of water sampling localities identifi ed and managed. standard. Two Escherichia coli compliant with each of the water During the third year of the operation (E. coli) detections occurred in the quality standards remained the same or of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 Seville water sampling locality. Extensive improved from the 2005–06 reporting (the Act) ongoing drought and the additional testing by Yarra Valley Water period. alpine bushfi res were the dominant was able to demonstrate that drinking Across Victoria, compliance with the issues. At the other extreme, in the last water remained safe despite these two E. coli water quality standard improved days of the reporting period, a severe unrelated detections. from 95.5 per cent to 99 per cent of rainfall event occurred over most of There were 195 water quality incidents localities, and compliance with the Gippsland, bringing fl oodwaters to many and events reported to the department turbidity standard remained at 98 per communities and creating water quality by water suppliers during 2006–07, cent of localities. issues in the Yarra Valley. In the face of however none of the reported incidents Given the ongoing drought and low these very challenging circumstances, resulted in notifi cations of confi rmed the majority of Victorians who were fl ow conditions experienced during supplied with drinking water by the state’s water businesses continued to Percentage of compliant water localities 2004–05 to 2006–07 have access to safe drinking water. 2006–07 2005–06 2004–05 Areas of ongoing non-compliance with Escherichia coli the state’s water quality standards still Turbidity exist in some parts of regional Victoria. Aluminium There were signs of improvement, as more water sampling localities Trihalomethanes were compliant with the water quality Chloroacetic Acid standards compared to the previous two Dichloroacetic Acid Parameter reporting periods. This was achieved in Trichloroacetic Acid spite of the ongoing drought. Bromate Where non-compliances were identifi ed, Formaldehyde the Department of Human Services 0 102030405060708090100 Percentage of compliant water sampling localities continued to work with the affected viii Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

the reporting period, the state’s water goal of the department is to work with the management of such blooms will businesses performed exceptionally water businesses and other government become more diffi cult if water storage well, delivering microbiologically safe agencies to have all regulated water levels do not improve. drinking water to an increased number supplies upgraded to a drinking water As several knowledge gaps still exist of Victorians. standard. with regard to the effi cacy of treatment These results indicate the regulatory Several severe blue-green algal blooms processes to remove toxins, and the framework continues to deliver water occurred during the reporting period, time involved to conduct toxin testing quality improvements for Victoria. two of which required the direct on algal blooms, a conservative Compliance with the trihalomethanes involvement of the department in the management approach to potentially water quality standard fell from 91.5 management of public health risks. toxic blue-green algal blooms will per cent of localities during 2005–06 Based on reporting patterns to the continue to be adopted to ensure the to 88.5 per cent during 2006–07. This department, the length and severity protection of public health. refl ected the challenges faced by some of blue-green algal blooms is on the A review of non-compliant water water businesses as they manage low increase. This can be linked to both sampling localities over the past three water levels in their storages. Affected the ongoing drought and climate reporting periods showed that it is water businesses are working with the change, which produce conditions largely the same water supplies or department to implement permanent that are conducive for the growth of water supply areas that are recording solutions to the excess production blue-green algae. It is expected that non-compliances with the water quality of trihalomethanes. There are also innovative solutions being trialled, Highlights of the 2006–07 reporting period: primarily involving aeration, which may • All but one water sampling locality across the Melbourne metropolitan area reduce trihalomethanes to acceptable achieved 100 per cent compliance with the state’s water quality standards. levels in the short-term. • Ninety-nine per cent (99 per cent) of all water sampling localities across During the reporting period water Victoria complied with the E. coli standard. supplied to 46 townships was declared by the Minister for Health as regulated • There was a greater level of overall compliance with most water quality water, that is, water that is not drinking standards compared to 2005–06. The biggest improvement was compliance water but could reasonably be mistaken with the aluminium standard, which improved from 91 per cent to 94 per as drinking water. The water in all but cent. This occurred despite the low fl ow conditions experienced across the two of these townships has always been state, which in some circumstances adversely affected raw water quality. identifi ed as non drinking water. In the • The competency-based auditor certifi cation scheme that was developed to case of the other two towns the drinking support the risk management plan audit process commenced, and by the water contained unacceptably high end of the reporting period there were four certifi ed auditors attached to the levels of naturally-occurring arsenic. scheme. In addition to protecting public health, • None of the 195 reported water quality incidents or events resulted in regulated water declarations are a notifi cations of confi rmed associated illness. mechanism to include these non- • The vast majority of the state’s water sampling localities were published in drinking water supplies within the state’s the Government Gazette by the end of the reporting period. regulatory framework. The long term Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria ix

standards. This indicates that ongoing poor drinking water quality is largely Identifi ed areas for further improvement during the 2007–08 reporting confi ned to a small number of known period: areas. This also indicates that a number • Seven water sampling localities were still non-compliant with the E. coli water of Victorians have ongoing access to quality standard, with three of these being non-compliant in both the current sub-optimal drinking water supplies. and previous reporting periods. Twenty-two localities were non-compliant There is a strong link between health with this standard in 2005–06. inequality and access to safe drinking • Commissioning of risk management plan audits to verify that water water. Health inequality in Victoria is businesses are meeting their regulatory obligations with respect to risk a major issue to be addressed. The management. provision of safe drinking water is • Priority areas for future undertakings are water sampling localities in the west seen as important to achieving this and northwest of the state, which have been impacted heavily by the drought. outcome. The department looks forward The department is working with affected water businesses to address these to working with the Victorian water issues. industry, other government agencies and relevant stakeholders to meet this challenge. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 1

Section 1: Victoria’s Drinking Water Quality Regulatory Framework and activities of the Department under the Act 2 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 3

Section 1: Victoria’s Drinking Water Quality Regulatory Framework and activities of the Department under the Act Victoria’s Drinking Water Administration of the Act defi ned by water treatment process, system hydraulics or any other factor Quality Regulatory The Drinking Water Regulatory Section, that has the ability to infl uence the Framework which is part of the department’s quality of drinking water received by Public Health Branch, administers the The regulatory framework for safe the customer. In regional Victoria, most legislation on behalf of the Secretary drinking water in Victoria comprises two water sampling localities typically equate to the Department of Human Services. pieces of legislation: to the water supply for a town. The primary functions of this section are • The Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 to oversee the implementation of, and The process of determining the (the Act) monitor compliance with, the Act and boundaries of each water sampling • The Safe Drinking Water Regulations Regulations. locality was done in consultation with the state’s water businesses. Each 2005 (the Regulations) Appendix B provides an overview of agreed water sampling locality was In addition to these legislative the Act and Regulations and details published in the Government Gazette. instruments, the Department of Human the functions of the Secretary to the Services provides water businesses with Department of Human Services under By the end of the reporting period, the policy direction and other guidance on a the Act. department specifi ed water sampling range of matters relating to safe drinking localities for all but one water business water. The guidance material is made Activities of the Department (South East Water). South East Water’s available to the water industry through of Human Services water sampling localities were gazetted the department’s drinking water website: on 30 September 2007. The Government During the 2006–07 reporting period www.health.vic.gov.au/environment/ Gazettes in which the specifi ed water the major activities undertaken by the water/drinking sampling localities were published are department in relation to the regulatory listed in Appendix C. The Act recognises two types of water framework were the completion of In all 481 water sampling localities were business: water storage managers the specifi cation of water sampling gazetted (although during the 2006–07 and water suppliers. A water storage localities, the development of systems reporting period monitoring data was manager is a water business that to support the regulatory audits of risk collected for 484 water localities). This supplies water to a water supplier, either management plans under the Safe represents a signifi cant body of work and by releasing water to the water supplier, Drinking Water Act, and ongoing liaison provides a published record of where or permitting the water supplier to take with water businesses to address issues drinking water is supplied within Victoria. water from a water storage area. A water of non-compliance with the state’s water supplier is a water business that supplies quality standards. Within each water sampling locality a drinking water or regulated water to the certain number of water sampling points These activities, plus other work public. It is usually the water supplier will be specifi ed. The number of points undertaken by the department in who treats the water. The only current specifi ed will be determined largely by relation to the Act and Regulations, are exception to this is Melbourne Water, the permanent population within the detailed below. which is a water storage manager for the water sampling locality. Once the points purposes of the Act, but they also treat Water sampling localities and are specifi ed, samples collected under the water prior to supplying it to various water sampling points the Regulations to measure compliance water suppliers. The Regulations allow for the will only be permitted to be collected A list of the water storage managers and specifi cation of water sampling localities from the specifi ed water sampling water suppliers to which the regulatory and water sampling points. Water points. This will provide consistency of framework applies can be found in sampling localities are areas of similar data over time. Appendix A. water quality. These areas may be 4 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

By the end of the reporting period department, in collaboration with the To demonstrate practical auditing skills, water sampling points for Barwon Water Services Association of candidate auditors must undertake a Water and Gippsland Water had been (WSAA) and the Victorian Water Industry witnessed skill exam, in the presence of specifi ed. The water sampling points for Association (VicWater), engaged a skill examiner. The skill exam takes the all remaining water businesses will be RABQSA International, a Personnel and form of a witnessed audit of a drinking specifi ed by 30 June 2008. Training Certifi cation organisation, to water quality management system. Risk management plans and risk develop an auditor certifi cation scheme As this is a new scheme, skill examiners management plan audits for drinking water quality management had to be appointed. An expression systems. The scheme will have The Act establishes an obligation on of interest process was conducted applicability for drinking water suppliers the state’s water businesses to prepare in September 2006 from which four Australia-wide, and will also support and implement risk management skill examiners were appointed to the the drinking water quality regulatory plans for their supply of drinking water scheme by the Scheme Committee. framework in Victoria. and regulated water. This risk-based The scheme was offi cially launched in approach to the management of drinking The department, WSAA and April 2007. The fi rst RMIT exam was also water supplies provides a proactive VicWater currently form the Scheme held in April 2007, with further exams framework for managing, reviewing and Committee for this auditor scheme. held at regular intervals after that. maintaining high quality drinking water The Scheme Committee’s role is to By the end of the reporting period from catchment to tap, and is consistent oversee any changes or updates to the there were four auditors attached with best practice drinking water quality scheme, however the scheme itself to the scheme, with approximately management. is administered by RABQSA, and is twenty candidate auditors working their independent of the department. Under the Act, water businesses were way through the requirements of the required to have their risk management The scheme is a competency-based scheme. plans in place by 1 July 2005. Therefore, certifi cation scheme, with the key In parallel to the RABQSA process, the by the current reporting period, the risk competencies being knowledge department began preparing guidance management plans were well integrated of auditing theory and process, information to industry on the audit into the normal operating practice of demonstrated practical skill at process. The guidance note was fi nally water businesses. conducting audits, and a detailed released in November 2007, and a series The Act also establishes a process by understanding of the Framework for the of seminars on the guidance note were which the department can request Management of Drinking Water Quality, scheduled for December 2007. a water business to have its risk which forms part of the Australian management plan audited by an Drinking Water Guidelines (NHMRC & Requests for risk management audits approved auditor. The requirement NRMMC 2004). will be issued to water businesses during to have the plans audited provides the fi rst half of 2008. To demonstrate a detailed confi rmation that water businesses are understanding of the Framework for the Undertakings managing risks to the water supply in Management of Drinking Water Quality, Where the department or water accordance with the requirements of the candidate auditors are required to pass businesses identify non-compliance Act and Regulations. a written exam that was prepared by the with the requirements of the Act or During the reporting period the former Chief Executive Offi cer of the Regulations, the Secretary may accept department continued to work on Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for a written undertaking from the business establishing administrative processes to Water Quality and Treatment, Professor to rectify the non-compliance within a support the audit process. Don Bursill. The exam is administered certain period of time. Undertakings To ensure that the audits are conducted by RMIT University Melbourne, through accepted during the reporting period are by competent individuals, the their short courses program area. summarised in Appendix D. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 5

During the 2006–07 reporting period, the working with GWMWater to fi nalise system (Government Gazette department accepted eight undertakings agreed actions to resolve the water 15 February 2007) from water businesses to address issues quality issues within their area of • for water supplied by GWMWater of non-compliance with either the operation. to the township of Murrayville Act or Regulations. The undertakings More details on individual undertaking (Government Gazette 28 May 2007). accepted during the reporting period are can be found in the individual sections • for water supplied by GWMWater to summarised in Appendix D. on each water business in Section 3 of the townships of Antwerp, Apsley, The majority of accepted undertakings this report, and in Appendix D. , , Chillingollah, related to instances of non-compliance Regulated water , Clear , , with a water quality standard or other Some water businesses supply a number , Dooen, Elmhurst, Glenorchy, health-related water quality parameters, of their customers with water that is not Goroke, Harrow, Jeparit, , , with most being specifi cally related intended for human consumption. If it Lascelles, Lillimur, Marnoo, Miram, to the production of excess levels of is considered that this water could be Moyston, Nandaly, , , chlorine disinfection by-products, such mistaken as drinking water the Minister Noradjuha, , Pimpinio, as trihalomethanes. for Health may declare the water to be Serviceton, Speed, Streatham, Thirteen undertakings were completed regulated water. , Tempy, , during the reporting period. The Waitchie, Westmere, Wickliffe, A water business supplying regulated common solution to most undertakings (Government Gazette 29 June water is obligated to prepare a risk has been the optimisation of treatment 2007) management plan for the water, and processes to eliminate the non- to take all reasonable steps to ensure After the declarations were made, compliance. that the affected community is made the relevant water businesses began Several undertakings had their aware of the nature of the water and of preparing the required risk management completion dates extended. The primary the health risks that may arise from the plans for the supply of regulated water. reasons for requesting extensions to consumption of the water. In the case of Darlington, Macarthur and undertakings have been that either third The department has been working with Murrayville the declarations were made party contractors have been unable to water businesses to identify supplies in response to levels of arsenic in the meet timelines on water treatment plant of water that should be declared as drinking water supplies to these towns upgrades or the drought has caused regulated water. During the reporting that were persistently above the health- a reprioritisation of projects within period the Minister for Health made six related guideline value in the Australian the water businesses. The approved regulated water declarations. These were: Drinking Water Guidelines (NHMRC & extensions were assessed as not posing NRMMC 2004). a risk to public health. • for water supplied by Central Highland Water to the townships All the other supplies subject to By the end of the reporting period of Raglan (Government Gazette 3 declarations had always been managed most instances of non-compliance by the responsible water businesses as August 2006), and Redbank and were covered by undertakings. The non-drinking water supplies, such that Amphitheatre (Government Gazette primary exception was instances of customers in the affected towns were 31 August 2006). non-compliance in some of the water aware of the nature of water that they supply systems operated by Grampians • for water supplied by Wannon Water were being supplied. The primary Wimmera Mallee Water (GWMWater), to the townships of Darlington and driver for the declarations was that in specifi cally the water supply systems Macarthur (Government Gazette all cases there were points where the for Donald, Jung, Murtoa, Rainbow, 6 September 2006). public could access the water supply, , and • for water supplied by Lower Murray and this was perceived as a potential . The department has been Water to the water supply public health risk. 6 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

In addition to protecting public health, specifi cally focussed on drought-related • notifi cations of breaches of the water regulated water declarations are a issues. quality standards, under section 18 of mechanism to include these non- The department also hosted a half-day the Act drinking water supplies within the state’s seminar for stakeholders in August • an annual water quality report, regulatory framework. The long term 2006 that focussed on drinking water under Section 26 of the Act, that goal of the department is to work with quality and catchment management. discusses the matters required by the water businesses and other government Presentations were given by Mr Geoff Regulations. agencies to eventually have all regulated Hocking, Chief Executive Offi cer of the water supplies upgraded to a drinking • The submission of monthly data West Gippsland Catchment Management reports under the Regulations. water standard. Authority, Mr Robert Considine, Senior The full list of water supply systems Strategic Planner with Melbourne Water The annual water quality reports that were subject to a regulated water and Mr Robert Ford, Manager Catchment submitted to the department are public declaration at 30 June 2007 is detailed Policy with Central Highlands Water. documents, and can be obtained in Appendix E. by contacting the appropriate water The high level of attendance and business. The contact details for Communication feedback from attendees indicated Victorian water businesses are provided The department undertook a range of that there is a high level of interest in Appendix F. in catchment issues and that the communication activities during the Fluoridation reporting period, including: management of catchment will continue to be a major issue for water businesses. Fluoride is added to some water • the maintenance of a dedicated More information on these supplies for oral protection purposes website on drinking water, where under the Health (Fluoridation) Act 1973. water businesses, stakeholders, communication activities, including electronic copies of newsletters and the At the request of the Secretary to the and the general public could access Department of Human Services, North information related to the regulatory seminar presentations can be found on the department’s drinking water website: East Water commenced fl uoridating the framework and drinking water water supplies of Wodonga (May 2007) generally www.health.vic.gov.au/environment/ water/drinking and Wangaratta (July 2007), Gippsland • the publication of newsletters Water began fl uoridating the water Data management • the publication of guidance material supplies of Warragul (August 2006), to support the implementation of the During the reporting period the database Morwell (July 2006), Moe (September regulatory framework. to store water quality data collected 2006), Sale (August 2006) and Traralgon under the Regulations was completed. (September 2006) and GWMWater The practice of assigning departmental As at 30 June 2007 the database began fl uoridation of the Horsham water contact offi cers to each water business contained most historical data collected supply system in November 2006. was continued during the reporting under the Regulations and validation Expenditure under the Act period. This arrangement allowed these trials were being undertaken to ensure offi cers to develop a detailed knowledge the integrity of the data. For the 2006–07 fi nancial year, the of individual water businesses and department set the administrative levy, to establish productive and ongoing Disclosure of information payable under section 51 of the Safe relationships with relevant staff The Act requires water businesses to Drinking Water Act 2003, and estimated members within these businesses. provide the following information to the receipts of $954,263. Actual receipts of During the reporting period two department: $978,120 were paid into Consolidated newsletters were published, one in • notifi cations of known or suspected Revenue, as required under the Act. To December 2006 and one in March contamination, under section 22 of cover the administration of the Act for 2007. The March 2007 newsletter was the Act the reporting period equivalent funds Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 7

were appropriated to the department The department administers but does but does not have the discretion to and these funds were expended as per not control certain resources on use the resources for achievement the table below. behalf of the Victorian Government. of other departmental objectives. It is accountable for the transactions Transactions and balances relating to involving those administered resources, these administered resources are not recognised as departmental revenues, 2006–2007 expenditure under Safe Drinking Water Act expenses, assets or liabilities, but are Actuals ($) disclosed in the applicable output 2006–07 2005–06 Variance schedules of the department’s annual Salaries, allowances and salary-related oncosts 383,008 452,558 (69,550) report. Indirect costs 89,425 105,446 16,021 Expenditure increased this reporting Operating costs 85,639 82,434 3,205 period, mainly as a result of the Communication and education 153,273 19,538 133,735 gazettal of water sampling localities. Research and development 107,904 95,349 12,555 The expenditure does not include any IT development 20,887 59,964 (39,077) costs associated with the department providing a 24-hour emergency pager Total expenses 840,136 815,289 24,847 service. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 9

Section 2: Statewide perspective of drinking water quality 10 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 11

Section 2: Statewide perspective of drinking water quality Water quality data for Beyond the requirement to supply process), acid soluble aluminium (where Victoria for 2006–07 drinking water that meets the water aluminium was used), and/or bromate quality standards, water suppliers and formaldehyde (where ozone was Drinking water supplies in Victoria have a generic obligation, under used). Twenty-one water suppliers provided regulation 10(b) of the Regulations, The results of these analyses were drinking water to a total of 484 water to supply water that does not contain compared to the water quality sampling localities across Victoria during any algal toxin, pathogen, substance standards detailed in Schedule 2 of the the 2006–07 reporting period. These or chemical that may pose a risk to Regulations. If the results were found to localities varied considerably in size, human health. Compliance with this be non-compliant water suppliers were from individual small towns that supplied obligation is met by supplying drinking obligated to contact the department, water to fewer than two hundred people, water that complies with the health- and provide information about the non- to the Melbourne metropolitan localities, related guideline values detailed in the compliance and what actions they were that supplied water to many thousands Australian Drinking Water Guidelines initiating to address the non-compliance. of people (see Appendices G and J for (NHMRC & NRMMC 2004). In certain circumstances the action more detail). During the reporting period water may have involved entering into an Standards for drinking water samples were collected regularly on undertaking with the department. quality behalf of or by water suppliers from each The vast majority of drinking water Section 17 of the Act requires drinking of these localities, at the frequencies supplied across Victoria met the water supplied by a water supplier to specifi ed in Schedule 2 of the standards during the reporting period comply with the nine water quality Regulations. All collected samples were (Figure 1). standards set out in Schedule 2 of the then analysed under the supervision of approved analysts for E. coli and All samples that exceeded a water Regulations. These include Escherichia quality standard were investigated and, coli (E. coli), turbidity and a range of by- turbidity. Depending on the treatment applied to the drinking water, samples where necessary, remedial action was product chemicals that may result from undertaken. water treatment chemicals commonly were also analysed for trihalomethanes, The following sections summarise the used by the Victorian water industry. chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and trichloroacetic acid (where chlorine results for each water quality standard Water suppliers are required to report was used as part of the treatment for the reporting period. More detailed to the department on their performance against the standards on a monthly Figure 1: Percentage of localities compliant to the water quality standards basis. This is to verify that safe drinking (2006–07 reporting period) water is being delivered to Victorian consumers. Escherichia coli Finally, under section 18 of the Act, Turbidity water suppliers are also required to Aluminium report instances where drinking water Trihalomethanes that they have supplied did not meet the Chloroacetic acid standards. A summary of this information Dichloroacetic acid Parameter for the 2006–07 reporting period can Trichloroacetic acid be found in Appendix G. More detailed Bromate discussion of the results for individual Formaldehyde water businesses can be found in 0 102030405060708090100 Section 3 of this report and in the annual Percentage of compliance with water quality standards water quality reports of the businesses. 12 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

discussion on the actions taken by The other fi ve localities that were non- being discussed with North East Water. individual water suppliers in response to compliant for the current reporting The water sampling localities of Mount non-compliant results can be found in period were Cavendish, Beauty and Tawonga, which also do not Section 3 of this report. HIgh Level, Nicholson-Swan Reach, use residual disinfectants, both recorded Microbiological organisms Seville, Lightstation. multiple E. coli detections, which – Escherichia coli During the reporting period chlorination lowered their compliance status to was installed at Mount Buller, and it is below 98 per cent. A review of the data The standard requires that anticipated that that will resolve the for these localities found that several of Escherichia coli, as measured per E. coli problems experienced there over these E. coli detections occurred while 100mL, is absent from at least 98 several reporting periods, the Mount the townships were under fi re threat per cent of samples taken during Buller Low Level locality. during the 2006–07 alpine bushfi res. the preceding 12 month period Parks Victoria administers the water At this time raw water was being added to the water supply system to aid the E. coli is a type of bacterium and is used sampling locality at Lakeside and spent fi re fi ghting effort and boil water notices as an indicator of the bacteriological considerable time and resources during were in place. As the detections at this quality of drinking water. In addition to the reporting period to improve the time were the result of the introduction being a potentially pathogenic (disease maintenance and management of the of raw water into these systems, it was causing) organism, the detection of system. agreed that they did not refl ect normal E. coli in treated drinking water can The water sampling locality of operation and were subsequently indicate that the disinfection of the Myrtleford, which is administered excluded from the compliance data set. water supply has failed or is inadequate. by North East Water, does not use a Figure 2 illustrates the percentage All 484 water sampling localities were residual disinfectant, such as chlorine. of compliant localities over the three monitored for E. coli during the reporting The lack of a residual disinfectant makes reporting periods, and illustrates a period, and 477 (98.6 per cent) were the locality vulnerable to contamination gradual improvement in compliance compliant with the standard. Of the post treatment and contributes to its over time. seven localities that did not comply with ongoing non-compliance. This issue is the standard, two of these localities were also non-compliant for E. coli for Figure 2: Escherichia coli Compliance 2004–05 to 2006–07 the 2005–06 reporting period (Box 1). Given the importance of E. coli as an indicator of safe drinking water, priority 2004–05 Reporting period needs to be given to resolving this problem in these localities.

Box 1: Water Localities non- 2005–06 Reporting period compliant for E. coli for both 2005–06 and 2006–07 reporting

periods 2006–07 Reporting period Lakeside (at Lake Eildon), Myrtleford

90 92 94 96 98 100 Percentage of compliant water sampling localities Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 13

Turbidity Figure 3: Turbidity Compliance 2004–05 to 2006–07 The standard requires that the 95 per cent upper confi dence limit of the mean of turbidity 2004–05 Reporting period results does not exceed 5.0 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)

over any 12 month period. 2005–06 Reporting period Turbidity is a measure of how cloudy drinking water may appear. High turbidity in a water supply may interfere 2006–07 Reporting period with the effectiveness of disinfection; it may also indicate microbial or other 95 96 97 98 99 100 contamination and may also render the Percentage of compliant water sampling localities water unsatisfactory in appearance to consumers. The other three localities that were ensure that where drinking water has non-compliant for the current reporting been disinfected with chlorine-based All 484 water sampling localities were period were Brim, Quambatook and Sea chemicals the by-products produced monitored for turbidity and 472 (97.5 per Lake, which are also administered by are below health-related guideline cent) were compliant with the standard. GWMWater. values, as set out in the Australian Nine of the 12 non-compliant localities Drinking Water Guidelines (2004). Four were also non-compliant for the 2005– Seven of these localities have been of these by-products are required to be 06 reporting period (Box 2). non-compliant with the turbidity water quality standard for each of the three measured under the Regulations: total Box 2: Water Localities non- reporting periods. Figure 3 indicates trihalomethanes, chloroacetic acid, compliant for turbidity for both that compliance with the turbidity water dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic 2005–06 and 2006–07 reporting standard has not changed markedly over acid. periods the three reporting periods, and this Chlorine-based treatment chemicals Jung, Lalbert, , is attributable to the ongoing turbidity were used in 460 of the 484 water , , , Ultima, issues in these localities. Priority needs sampling localities, which demonstrates Woomelang, Wilsons Promontory to be given to resolving the turbidity that chlorine is still the dominant form of Lighthouse issues in these localities. water disinfection across the State. Chemicals derived from With regard to total trihalomethanes, This indicates the majority of turbidity disinfection or treatment with 407 (88.5 per cent) of the 460 water issues are isolated to a few supply chlorine localities were compliant with the systems. Discussions are being held standard. Over half of the non-compliant with GWMWater, who administer all Water quality standards for localities were also non-compliant the water localities listed above (with chlorine based chemicals: for the 2005–06 reporting period the exception of Wilsons Promontory Total Trihalomethanes:0.25 mg/L (Box 3). The majority of these water Lighthouse, which is administered by Chloroacetic Acid: 0.15 mg/L localities had undertakings in place Parks Victoria) to investigate options Dichloroacetic Acid: 0.1 mg/L to manage this ongoing issue. Where to manage this issue. The issue is Trichloroacetic Acid: 0.1 mg/L undertakings have not yet been put in described in more detail in the chapter place discussions are being held with on GWMWater in Section 3 of this The standards relating to chlorine- the relevant water businesses. report. based chemicals are designed to 14 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Box 3: Water Localities Figure 4: Trihalomethanes Compliance 2004–05 to 2006–07 non-compliant for total trihalomethanes for both 2005–06

and 2006–07 reporting periods 2004–05 Reporting period Alma, Avoca, Balmoral, Beulah, Birchip, Bridgewater, Brim, Cape

Patterson, Carisbrook, Charlton, 2005–06 Reporting period Coleraine, Daisy Hill, , Donald, Dumbalk, Erica, Inglewood, Jung, Hopetoun, Maryborough, 2006–07 Reporting period Minyip, Murtoa, Nullawil, , Rupanyup, Thornton, , 80 84 88 92 96 100 Warracknabeal, Woomelang, Percentage compliant water sampling localities Wycheproof

The water localities non-compliant for All 460 water sampling localities where did not comply were Sarsfi eld-Bruthen, only the 2006–07 reporting period are haloacetic acids were monitored were Merrijig and Thornton. The Thornton detailed in Appendix G. compliant with both the chloroacetic locality has failed to comply with the Figure 4 details compliance with the acid and dichloroacetic acid water trichloroacetic acid water quality trihalomethanes water quality standard quality standards. standard in all three reporting periods. over the past three reporting periods. With regard to trichloroacetic acid, 457 There is an undertaking in place for this After a slight improvement in 2005–06, (99.3 per cent) of the water sampling water supply system, but the quality of overall compliance fell in 2006–07. localities were compliant with the the drinking water that is supplied needs This decrease in the percentage of standard. Trichloroacetic acid is by far prompt improvement. compliant localities is directly related to the most often detected of the three Figure 5 illustrates compliance over time the ongoing drought. As the amount of haloacetic acids. The three localities that for the three haloacetic acids. water available in storage continued to decrease, or remain at record lows, the Figure 5: Haloacetic Acid Compliance 2004–05 to 2006–07 primary precursors to trihalomethanes formation, naturally-occurring organic 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 matter (NOM), were present at levels that favoured excess production of Chloroacetic Acid trihalomethanes. The non-compliant localities were primarily those where there was ineffective removal of NOM during the treatment process. Dichloroacetic Acid As with turbidity, the localities that have shown non-compliance have remained largely the same over the Trichloroacetic Acid three reporting periods. There were 22 localities that were non-compliant in all 90 92 94 96 98 100 Percentage of compliant water sampling localities three reporting periods. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 15

Chemicals derived from disinfection or treatment with Figure 6: Bromate & Formaldehyde Compliance 2004–05 to 2006–07 ozone Bromate Formaldehyde

Water quality standards for bromate and formaldehyde: 2004-05 Reporting Period Bromate: 0.02 mg/L Formaldehyde: 0.5 mg/L 2005-06 Reporting Period The standards are designed to ensure that where drinking water has been disinfected with ozone the by-products 2006-07 Reporting Period produced are below health guideline values. Bromate and formaldehyde 90 92 94 96 98 100 are by-products that may arise when Percentage of compliant water sampling localities drinking water has been disinfected or treated with ozone. All 30 water sampling localities where Monitoring is only required where High Level, Cobden, Leongatha, bromate and formaldehyde were aluminium is used in the treatment Longford, Myrniong, Numurkah and monitored were compliant with both process. A total of 349 drinking water Wunghnu) which were non-compliant in water quality standards. localities were monitored for aluminium all three reporting periods. during the period and 328 (94 per cent) Aluminium During the reporting period undertakings of these localities met the standard. were in place for seven of the 13 Of the 21 localities that were non- Water quality standard localities listed in Box 4. compliant for aluminium during the for aluminium current period, 13 were also non- In the case of Axedale, in response (acid soluble): 0.2 mg/L compliant for aluminium during the to the ongoing drought, and the poor performance of the Axedale Water The aluminium water quality standard 2005–06 reporting period (Box 4). Treatment Plant, in early 2007 Coliban is designed to ensure that where Water switched off the plant and began aluminium is used as part of the water Box 4: Water Localities non- carting water in from the supply. treatment process the amount of compliant for acid-soluble Since this commenced, all alluminium aluminium that ends up in the treated aluminium for both 2005–06 and results have complied with the standard. drinking water is minimised. 2006–07 reporting periods With regard to Cobden and Aluminium may be present in drinking Axedale, Beechworth Low Level, Glenthompson, by the end of the water as a residue from processes Beechworth High Level, Cobden, reporting period Wannon Water had that use aluminium salts as coagulants Glenthompson, Hamilton, managed to resolve the aluminium when drinking water is treated or Leongatha, Longford, Mansfi eld, problem and the undertaking was closed fi ltered. Aluminium may also be Myrniong, Numurkah, Tidal River, out. In the case of Myrniong, Western present as a result of leaching from Wunghnu Water constructed and commissioned soils (particularly clays) that may be There were also eight localities a water fi ltration plant to service this present in the source water. (Beechworth Low Level, Beechworth locality, which resolved several water 16 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Improvements in the percentage of Figure 7: Aluminium Compliance 2004–05 to 2006–07 compliant water sampling localities were observed for all parameters, except for trihalomethanes, as discussed 2004-05 Reporting Period previously. As more undertakings are completed, it is expected the percentage of compliant water localities will rise. 2005-06 Reporting Period As was the case last reporting period, the biggest improvement was compliance with the aluminium

2006-07 Reporting Period standard, which improved from 92 per cent to 94 per cent. This occurred

80 84 88 92 96 100 despite the low fl ow conditions Percentage of compliant water sampling localities experienced across the state, which in some circumstances adversely affected quality issues, including aluminium. The of several undertakings related to raw water quality. actions taken by Goulburn Valley Water non-compliance with the aluminium Across the state, 99 per cent of in relation to the aluminium issues in the standard, it is anticipated that the localities were compliant with the localities of Longford, Numurkah and percentage of compliant localities will E. coli water quality standard, and Wunghnu are discussed in more detail in continue to improve 97.5 per cent were compliant with the Section 3 of this report. turbidity standard. The lowest level of Of the localities that did not have Water quality trends overall compliance with a water quality standard was with trihalomethanes, undertakings in place the instances Figure 8 provides a combined where 88 per cent of water sampling of non-compliance in the Hamilton, comparison between the current and localities complied with this standard. Mansfi eld and Leongatha localities were two previous reporting periods of the isolated events that did not warrant percentage of water sampling localities Given the ongoing drought and low undertakings or further action. Late in that were compliant with the water fl ow conditions experienced during the the reporting period, North East Water quality standards. reporting period, it is a credit to water informed the department that they had the aluminium problems in Beechworth Figure 8 Percentage of compliant water sampling localities 2004–05 to 2006–07 Low Level and Beechworth High Level under control. Parks Victoria spent 2006–07 2005–06 2004–05 much time and energy trying to rectify Escherichia coli the issues at their Tidal River Water Turbidity

Treatment Plant. Aluminium

Figure 7 shows the percentage of Trihalomethanes compliant localities over the three Chloroacetic Acid reporting periods, which indicates Dichloroacetic Acid Parameter that signifi cant improvements have Trichloroacetic Acid been made by the water businesses Bromate mentioned above to the way in which Formaldehyde they manage the addition of aluminium- 0 102030405060708090100 based chemicals during the water Percentage of compliant water sampling localities treatment process. With the completion Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 17

businesses that they have been able on 7 February 2007, having impacted catchments further east. to deliver compliant drinking water to 1,048,238 hectares of private and public In the case of the Macalister River, the the majority of water localities, despite land. These were the longest recorded resultant infl ows into Lake Glenmaggie decreasing raw water quantity. fi res in Victoria’s history. were of such poor quality, and water These results indicate the regulatory During the fi res several townships in levels in Lake Glenmaggie were so framework continues to deliver water the north east of the state came under low, that Gippsland Water was forced quality improvements for Victoria. direct threat. In response to this threat, to take the Coongulla/Glenmaggie A review of non-compliant water raw water was added to the water Water Treatment Plant offl ine. Drinking sampling localities over the past three supplies of Mount Beauty/Tawonga water was then carted into Coongulla/ reporting periods showed that it is and Whitfi eld. During the period when Glenmaggie by mobile tanker. largely the same water supplies or raw water was in these systems (early In the case of the Mitchell River, again water supply areas that, over time, are December 2006 to early January 2007) the water in the river was of such recording non-compliance with the boil water notices were issued by North poor quality that it was unsuitable for water quality standards. This indicates East Water as a preventative measure. harvesting into Water’s that ongoing poor drinking water quality In the east of the state, the catchment main off-river storage, Woodglen is largely confi ned to a number known areas to the north of Heyfi eld and Maffra Reservoir. In response to this, East areas. This also indicates that a number were severely burnt, as was the Mitchell Gippsland Water spent approximately of Victorians have ongoing access to River catchment. Boil water notices were $6 million installing Silt Buster water sub-optimal drinking water supplies. not required in these instances. clarifi ers and fi ve water settlement There is a strong link between health Melbourne’s water supply catchments adjacent to Woodglen Reservoir inequality and access to safe drinking were unaffected by the fi res. and utilising groundwater reserves water. Health inequality in Victoria is Additionally, no drinking water to enable the supply of safe drinking a major issue to be addressed. The infrastructure was lost due to fi re. water to customers in the townships of Bairnsdale, Lindenow, Lindenow provision of safe drinking water is seen The long term effect of bushfi re is as important to achieving this outcome. South, Eagle Point, Paynesville, Sarsfi eld typically a degradation of raw water – Bruthen and Entrance. The department looks forward to working quality as a result of poor quality runoff with the Victorian water industry, other from fi re-affected areas. This is usually On the third last day of the reporting government agencies and relevant exacerbated when a heavy rainfall period, 27 June 2007, severe rain storms stakeholders to meet this challenge. event immediately follows a signifi cant were again experienced across most fi re. With the exception of infl ows into of central and eastern Gippsland. This Bushfi re Lake Glenmaggie, and fl ows down the brought widespread fl ooding to most of the region. As reported on the Department of Mitchell River, most catchment areas Sustainability and Environment’s were able to establish basic ground Lake Glenmaggie fi lled and spilled in website, Victoria experienced a severe cover prior to heavy rainfall. a weekend, causing major fl ooding 2006–07 fi re season, during which a downstream in the Maffra region. Raw number of signifi cant fi res occurred, Flood water quality in the Macalister River was so poor that Gippsland Water was which impacted over 1,190,000 hectares During February 2007 much of Gippsland forced to isolate the Maffra Water of the state. experienced severe storm events. The Treatment Plant during the peak of the Lightning ignited a number of fi res on subsequent runoff in the catchments fl ood to avoid damaging the plant and 1 December 2006 that merged to form resulted in the deterioration of water protect the town’s drinking water supply. what was known as the “Great Divide quality in the Macalister River catchment, Customers were supplied with treated Complex” fi res in eastern Victoria. These upstream of Lake Glenmaggie, and the water already in storage and water fi res were fi nally contained after 69 days Mitchell, Tambo and Nicholson River quality was maintained. 18 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

In East Gippsland Water’s area of period, a more detailed description of and as the risk is assessed on lifetime or operation, fl oodwaters struck the major the events will be included in the next long-term exposure, the non-compliant towns of Bairnsdale, Paynesville, Lakes annual report. results were assessed by the department Entrance, and . Flood as not posing a risk to health. fl ows in the Mitchell River caused a Other water quality Arsenic detections occurred in localities major break in the water pipeline serving issues of potential health that draw water from groundwater some 550 customers in Lindenow and signifi cance sources or rock strata with naturally- Lindenow South. East Gippsland carted occurring arsenic. In the case of Merino, On a few occasions lead, arsenic, water into these townships until the the raw water is now sourced from manganese, sulphate and chlorite were pipeline was repaired in late July 2007. the Casterton supply system, which detected in water sampling localities The same June 2007 rain event also resolved the problem. In the case of across Victoria at levels that exceeded caused extremely turbid infl ows into Macarthur and Murrayville, the Minister the relevant health-related guideline the , which is one for Health declared the water in these values in the Australian Drinking Water of the major raw water storages for the localities regulated water, to indicate Guidelines (2004). The health-related Melbourne metropolitan area. During that the water being supplied was not of guideline values listed in the Australian the following week the turbidity of the a drinking water standard. The relevant Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) are the water leaving the reservoir outlet began water suppliers are now managing these maximum concentrations that are widely to increase and stayed high for a number supplies as non-drinking water supplies. regarded as safe for consumption over a of weeks. lifetime. Chlorite detections arise as a by- In mid July 2007, in response to product of disinfection with chlorine Elevated lead results were detected in information from Melbourne Water dioxide. The localities of Bemm River, ten localities (Coleraine, Camperdown that they could not guarantee that their Nowa Nowa and Swifts Creek have Urban, , Mortlake, Port Fairy, water treatment plants in the Upper undertakings in place to address this Portland, Purnim, , Cowes Yarra Valley would continue to operate issue. More detailed information on and Corinella), chlorite in nine localities normally with such highly turbid water, the proposed solutions for the chlorite (Murrayville, Lake Bolac, , the department requested Yarra Valley issues in Watchem, Lake Bolac, , Willaura, Whitfi eld, Bemm River, Nowa Water to issue a boil water notice to Whitfi eld, Buxton and Marysville can be Nowa, Swifts Creek, Buxton and their customers in the Upper Yarra found in Section 3 of this report. Marysville), arsenic in three localities Valley Townships of East Warburton, (Merino, Macarthur and Murrayville), Low storage levels in the reservoir that Warburton, Woori Yallock, Yarra Junction manganese in three localities supplies the locality of Springhurst were and adjacent areas. (Springhurst, Frankston and Forrest), the cause of the manganese issue. Only The turbidity in the reservoir has been and sulphate in one locality (Rochester). a single result was above the health- reducing since late July and on 14 related guideline value, and North East The relevant water suppliers investigated August 2007 the boil water notice was Water managed the issue by modifying each non-compliance. With regard to lifted. In response to this Melbourne their treatment process. The period of the non-compliant lead and sulphate Water has approved the installation elevated manganese results was short- results, only single elevated results of fi ve small, package media-fi ltration lived and did not pose a health risk, even were recorded in each case. All repeat plants to treat the turbid water to a though it did cause aesthetic issues. samples were found to be below standard that will enable effective the relevant guideline values, and The non-compliant manganese results disinfection of the water should similar investigations failed to identify a cause. at Frankston and Forrest appeared to incidents occur in the future. The reported elevated concentrations be one-off elevated results, and repeat As the majority of these fl ood incidents appeared to have been only present in samples were compliant. occurred in the 2007–08 reporting the water supplies for short time periods Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 19

Reporting of water quality • undisinfected water, that is normally Testing laboratories are also obliged incidents to the Department disinfected, being supplied, or which to report the detection of water-borne may be supplied, to consumers for pathogens, including the detection of Under section 22 of the Act, the drinking Giardia and Cryptosporidium, to the Department of Human Services must be • any E. coli detection in drinking water department under the Health (Infectious notifi ed of circumstances where drinking that may be supplied to consumers Diseases) Regulations 2001. No such water that is supplied poses, or may reports from drinking water samples pose, a risk to human health, or may • an illness or illnesses suspected to were received during the reporting cause widespread public complaint. have resulted from the drinking water period. supplied. In addition to the required section The department assesses all water 22 notifi cations, water businesses • overdose of a chemical applied quality incidents reported to it to also reported other events to the in water treatment or disinfection determine whether any public health department, which were of a minor processes, or dosing with response is necessary, such as the nature and did not meet the criteria contaminated water treatment initiation of a temporary boil water for section 22 notifi cations. These chemicals, such that the water may notice, the provision of an alternative events are included in the information pose a risk to health if supplied to supply, the provision of health-based presented in Appendices H and I. consumers assessments or the coordination of any Reporting of water quality • suspected sabotage, vandalism, wider incident response. incidents and events threat, or extortion bid at any drinking The information used by the department water facility that may affect the Section 22 of the Act requires water in the assessment of reported incidents quality of drinking water supplied to businesses to report water quality issues includes, but is not confi ned to: consumers of potential public health signifi cance • the water supply involved to the department. A summary of the • widespread public complaint about • the nature of the contamination or incidents and events reported to the drinking water quality suspected contamination department during the reporting period • contamination or potential are presented in Section 2, and detailed contamination of drinking water by • the extent of the incident in Appendices H and I. an accident, spill, algal bloom, wildlife • available test results die-off, turbid runoff or contamination Assessment of water quality • the estimated period of from a rainfall event, fl ood or fi re, in contamination incidents by the Department such a way that may make drinking water supplied to consumers the • the type of treatment usually applied During the 2005–06 reporting period cause of an illness or a risk to health to the water the department issued guidance if not rectifi ed • details of customer complaints or to water businesses on the types reported illness of situations that may result in a • any detected chemical, toxin, notifi cation under section 22 of the Act. substance or pathogen in drinking • possible cause or source of the These situations include: water at a level above a health-related problem guideline value within the Australian • failure of one or several of the barriers • any corrective actions that are being Drinking Water Guidelines (2004), or to contamination or critical control undertaken, or that have been taken at levels which may pose a risk to points for that supply system, in such • whether the water business proposes human health, either in the short term a way that may make the drinking a consumer notifi cation. or the long term. water supplied to consumers the cause of an illness or a risk to health 20 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water quality incidents water businesses investigated the implemented and evidence was received 2006–07 circumstances around the detection and that the system was free of E. coli. collected further samples for testing. The department did not receive any Water suppliers and water storage In the majority of circumstances E. coli notifi cations of illness associated with managers reported a range of water was absent in the subsequent samples detections of E. coli in drinking water quality incidents to the department and the cause of the original detections during the reporting period. during the reporting period. could not be determined. Where a cause Other micro-organisms in drinking Reported water quality incidents: was able to be determined, the following water supplies Water suppliers factors contributed to the detections: A single detection of the pathogenic Water suppliers reported 195 water • inadequate disinfection, caused bacterium Salmonella was reported quality incidents and events to the either by an interruption to the by City West Water to the department department during the reporting period. disinfection process, or by the lack during the reporting period. The A description of the four main types of of an adequate disinfection residual detection occurred in a two litre sample reported incidents and events is provided post-treatment of drinking water collected on 3 May below. A summary of water quality • contamination of storage tanks or 2007 from the Little River locality. incidents reported to the department reservoirs (for example by animals or Other samples collected in the locality is included in Appendix G and in the birds) on the same day did not show any individual business summaries included evidence of faecal contamination. This in Section 3 of this report. • contamination of mains during repairs was confi rmed by follow-up testing, Escherichia coli detected in drinking and/or construction. which did not detect Salmonellae. An water supplies Where the presence of E. coli was found inspection of local and upstream assets to be due to an operational or process Under the established reporting criteria, did not reveal integrity breaches which problem in the disinfection or treatment all E. coli detections that occur in might have been potential sources of system, the business undertook action drinking water after primary treatment contamination. There was no evidence to rectify the problem, and where are reportable to the department. this detection was representative of an appropriate, amend its risk management This is considered necessary as increased public health risk. processes. such detections can be indicative of Blue-Green Algae compromised water treatment and Over the reporting period several There were two blue-green algal blooms disinfection processes. It also ensures E. coli incidents resulted in boil water that occurred during the reporting that all potential incidents involving the advisories being issued to customers. period that required the department to entry of micro-organisms into water In most cases, these advisories were work directly with water businesses to supplies are assessed, and provides implemented when E. coli was detected manage the public health risks. a better understanding of the risk in systems utilising disinfection such as The fi rst bloom was reported to the management regimes and responses ultraviolet (UV) radiation or ozone, where department on 12 September 2006, employed by water businesses in there is no residual disinfection within when blue-green algae were identifi ed Victoria. the distribution system. The remaining boil water advisories were implemented by GWMWater in the raw water storage As was the case in the previous due to a signifi cant deterioration in (59,400 cells/mL) and reticulation reporting period, the detection of the source water quality and to a lack of system (11,500 cells/mL) of the faecal indicator bacterium E. coli in disinfection. Wycheproof water supply system. The samples collected post-treatment was main species of concern was Anabaena the primary type of incident reported In all circumstances, boil water circinalis. In response to uncertainty as to the department, with 104 E. coli advisories remained in place until to whether the blue green algae were detections being reported. In all cases, corrective measures had been producing toxins, GWMWater carted Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 21

treated water from Birchip to maintain the department, extensive trials were In the case of the Cavendish locality, a minimal supply to the town while undertaken to verify that the treatments the disinfection process was non alternative supply arrangements were processes at the Water operational for approximately 72 hours. put in place. Treatment Plant would effectively remove Investigations by Wannon Water into the An alternative supply was eventually algal cells, taste and odour compounds cause determined that the disinfectant established by mid October 2006, from and toxins. The trials were able to verify dosing pumps developed an air lock, the Wycheproof channel, enabling the effective removal and normal operations which resulted in no disinfectant being affected storages to be taken off line recommenced on 1 June 2007. dosed into the system. The on-line and treated with the algaecide Coptrol. Several other blooms occurred across chlorine analyser alarmed as a result During this time potable water was made state during the reporting period and of the drop in chlorine residual, but the available to the hospital. Extensive toxin they are discussed in Section 3 of the auto-dialler connected to the chlorine testing found that no detectable toxins report. analyser was set to stand-by which were produced by the bloom. resulted in the alarm not dialling out Based on reporting patterns to the to the operator. Upon discovery of the During the reporting period blue green department, the length and severity fault, prompt corrective action was algal blooms were also recorded by of blue-green algal blooms is on the taken to restore chlorine residual to the GWMWater on raw water storages increase. This can be linked to both supply. No reports of associated illness that supply Birchip, Beulah, Charlton the ongoing drought and climate were received. Hopetoun Stawell and Warracknabeal. change, which produce conditions None of these blooms were severe that are conducive for the growth of The other fi ve outages were minor in enough to require the provision of blue-green algae. It is expected that nature and were promptly rectifi ed. alternative supply arrangements. the management of such blooms will Other incidents The second bloom that required the become more diffi cult if water storage Some of the other types of incidents department’s involvement was a levels do not improve. that were reported to the department bloom on Painkalac Creek Reservoir, As several knowledge gaps still exist included elevated levels of total which is the raw water source for with regard to the effi cacy of treatment trihalomethanes (18), elevated lead Aireys Inlet. Barwon Water reported processes to remove toxins, and the levels (11), and elevated chlorite levels the bloom to the department on May time involved to conduct toxin testing (six). 16 2007. As a precautionary measure, on algal blooms, a conservative An incident involving the contamination Barwon Water isolated the reservoir. management approach to potentially of drinking water with petroleum The bloom consisted of the blue-green toxic blue-green algal blooms will products was recorded in the Melbourne algae Anabaena circinalis, Microcystis continue to be adopted to ensure the suburb of Newport in January 2007. aeruginosa and Microcystis fl os-aquae. protection of public health. Upon investigation it was found that As these species are all potentially toxic, Chlorinator/ultraviolet disinfection petroleum products had leached into the Barwon Water adopted a conservative system failures ground from a leak in a transfer pipeline approach and carted water from nearby There were 11 notifi cations of failures at a nearby petroleum processing plant. Anglesea to maintain the supply of The petroleum then leached through drinking supply levels to the townships of disinfection equipment reported during 2006–07. Five of the notifi cations plastic pipes under a garden bed in an of Aireys Inlet and Fairhaven, while industrial estate, and contaminated the further investigations were undertaken. related to failures of the disinfection equipment servicing the locality of drinking water in that estate. Subsequent toxin testing at the Kilmore. In response to this Goulburn Extensive investigations by City West Australian Water Quality Centre, South Valley Water undertook investigations to Water, the relevant water business, Australia, confi rmed the bloom was improve the reliability of this disinfection established that the contamination was producing toxins. In consultation with system. confi ned to the affected estate and no 22 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

water supplied by City West Water to its (South Gippsland Water, Wannon Water, localities. These localities are supplied customers was tainted with petroleum Goulburn Valley Water and Wannon with water from the Casterton Water products. Water) recorded a rate of customer Treatment Plant. The high level of Victoria’s Environment Protection complaints at or above 0.5 complaints complaints for these localities related Authority (EPA) undertook a thorough per 100 customers. to incomplete iron removal during investigation of the issue and their South Gippsland Water’s discoloured the treatment process resulting in report on the issue is available on their water complaints primarily resulted red/brown discolouration. In response web site (www.epa.vic.gov.au). from high levels of naturally-occurring to this, Wannon Water initiated manganese that was unable to be investigations into improving the iron All reported incidents were assessed for removal effi ciency. their relative health risk, and discussions removed effectively during the treatment were held with water suppliers about process, the accumulation of sediment, Goulburn Valley Water’s discoloured their proposed actions. None of the and/or the scouring of mains following water and air in water complaints were reported incidents were assessed as high fl ows or recharging of the system. primarily attributable to the two water being of a high health risk, and the In the case of Wannon Water the quality incidents in Euroa that occurred actions taken by water suppliers were majority of the discoloured water on 4 May and 12 June 2007 respectively. appropriate for the identifi ed level of complaints were recorded in the Westernport Water’s discoloured risk. Sandford and Merino water sampling water complaints were also related to More details on how these incidents were managed by water suppliers can be Figure 9: Water Quality Customer Complaints found Section 3 of this report. Discoloured water Taste and odour Blue water Customer complaints Air in water Illness Other

Water suppliers are required to report Barwon Water instances of widespread public Central Highlands Water complaint in relation to drinking water City West Water to the department, as well as provide a Coliban Water summary in their annual reports to the East Gippsland Water department of the customer complaints they received. Gippsland Water Goulburn Valley Water Customer complaints were reported GWMWater against fi ve general categories: Lower Murray Water discoloured water, taste and odour, supplier Water air in water, blue water, suspected North East Water illness and other. The results for water South East Water suppliers, expressed as the number of South Gippsland Water complaints per 100 customers supplied, Wannon Water is presented in Figure 9. Western Water

As was the case for the 2005–06 Westernport Water reporting period, the majority of Yarra Valley Water complaints received by water businesses 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 related to discoloured water or taste Complaints per 100 customers and odour issues. Only four businesses Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 23

naturally-occurring manganese in their suppliers that water supplied by raw water storage area, which was Goulburn-Murray Water affected the exacerbated by the low storage levels. quality of supplied drinking water. The levels of manganese in the water In the case of Southern Rural Water, the were not at a level that would impact on twelve incidents they reported all related health human, but they caused aesthetic to cyanobacteria blooms that reached issues for customers. Alert Level 3 under the Blue-green Algae Reported water quality incidents: Statewide Coordination Plan. Southern Water storage managers Rural Water worked in partnership with Goulburn-Murray Water (96) and Gippsland Water and Western Water to Southern Rural Water (12) reported 108 ensure that the impact of these blooms incidents or events for the reporting on drinking water quality was minimised. period. Melbourne Water reported one The only incident that Melbourne Water event. reported was an algal bloom on their Both Goulburn-Murray Water and Yan Yean storage. At the time of the Southern Rural Water supply untreated bloom the storage was offl ine and not water to various water suppliers, who supplying water to customers. then treat the water prior to distribution Incidents in source waters reported to customers. Therefore, the incidents to the department during the 2006– and events water storage managers 07 reporting period illustrate the report may have no direct impact on importance of collaboration between the quality of drinking water, depending water storage managers and water on the nature of the event, and the suppliers to ensure any potential public treatment processes of the water health risks are managed and mitigated. supplier. In the case of Goulburn-Murray Water, of the 96 reported environmental incidents, 72 occurred in locations that had the potential to affect water supplied to water suppliers for drinking purposes or potentially posed a risk to human health. The most commonly reported incidents were dumped dead stock (26 per cent), oil and chemical spills or contaminations (14 per cent), dairy shed effl uent discharges (16 per cent), followed by illegally dumped rubbish and industrial discharges (8 per cent each). Most of the reported incidents were caused by parties external to Goulburn-Murray Water. There were no reports from water Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 27

Alpine resorts Five Alpine Resorts Management Boards, as designated in the Alpine Resorts (Management) Act 1997, have responsibility for all aspects of management of the commercial alpine resorts in Victoria. The current Boards and the resorts they provide drinking water to are: • Falls Creek Alpine Resort Management Board • Alpine Resort Management Board • Alpine Resort Management Board • Mount Buller and Alpine Resort Management Board • Alpine Resort Management Board The resorts have very small, or no, year-round permanent populations. During the ski season, the populations at each resort rise signifi cantly, and the number of visitors ranges from 7,000 (Mount Stirling) to 245,000 (Mount Buller)1. In recent years, winter visitors to all resorts have numbered between 460,000 and 830,000. All resorts except Lake Mountain and Mount Stirling have residential accommodation, varying from 750 to 7,700 beds. The demand for a drinking water supply is therefore highly seasonal. Map1: Alpine resorts

Prior to the commencement of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003, the only requirement for the alpine resorts in relation to the provision of drinking water was set out in the Alpine Resorts (Management) Act 1997. This Act obliges the Boards to provide a range of services, including the supply of water. There are no conditions or obligations attached to this requirement that necessitated the Boards to consider Map prepared by, and used with the quality of water provided or to manage public health risk. the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment 1 2003 Figures, Alpine Resorts 2020 Strategy, DSE, 2004. 28 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Falls Creek ARMB Population supplied with drinking water: 120 permanent population and 2000 day visitors during the ski season. The Falls Creek ARMB supplies drinking water to a single water sampling locality Falls Creek. This comprises of the resort village and the immediate surrounding area, including public shelters. The treatment plant comprises a single ultraviolet (UV) disinfection treatment plant with an emergency power generator. Performance against drinking water standards Falls Creek use only UV disinfection, and are required to monitor for compliance with E. coli and turbidity. The locality complied with these drinking water quality standards during 2006–07. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance The Falls Creek ARMB undertook testing of a wide range of health parameters, including pesticides, manganese, hardness and fl uoride. All results met the relevant health-related guidelines values in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004). Details of the full testing protocol and results are available in their annual water quality report. The Falls Creek ARMB tested for a range of aesthetic standards during 2006–07, and all results met the aesthetic health-related guidelines values in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004), except for iron. In February 2007 water in the Rocky Valley lake deteriorated to such an extent that problems with the quality of the water delivered within the village were experienced. This was due primarily to higher than normal iron levels which caused a characteristic brown tinge to the water. The presence of iron particles causes visible ‘cloudiness’ which is also measured as turbidity. Colour levels are generally satisfactory, although these can be adversely affected by elevated iron levels. The bushfi res in December 2006 and January 2003 may have exacerbated the observed water quality problems. Immediately after the fi res, iron and turbidity levels in the lake were extremely high as a result of ash being washed into the reservoir. There is an aerator installed in the lake to prevent stratifi cation and consequent elevation of the iron and manganese levels. However, the aeration process is not totally effective because of the position of the offtake. Options to relocate the offtake and to provide further treatment of the water are being explored. As an interim arrangement, a connection to the snowmaking system which draws water from the upper reaches of the lake and which has a fi ltration system has been installed. This enables fi ltered water to be pumped directly into the storage tank when iron levels in the lake are high. Details of the full testing protocol and results are available in their annual water quality report. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 29

Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) February 2007 Falls Creek E. coli detection Resamples were found to be free of E. coli. March 2007 Falls Creek E. coli detection Resamples were found to be free of E. coli.

The two E. coli detections occurred during a period of signifi cant deterioration of the condition of the catchment caused by the December 2006–January 2007 bushfi res. Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints on water quality during the 2006–07 reporting period that were recorded by Falls Creek ARMB is provided in the table below.

Complaint category Number of water quality complaints Discoloured water 4 Taste and odour 4 Blue water 0 Air in water 0 Illness 0 Other 1

The majority of customer complaints were made in relation to the elevated iron levels in the treated water. These were mainly received in February 2007 when raw water quality problems were experienced in Rocky Valley Lake. Falls Creek ARMB issued regular bulletins during this event to keep users and stakeholders informed of the nature of the problem and actions being taken to deal with it. One complaint of hot water fi lter blockages at a commercial lodge was received and investigated. After discussions with the owner several samples were taken for biological investigation. The main fi nding was that the sample blocking the fi lter was made up of a large population of zooplankton, dominated by a copepod (Boeckella) and a rotifer (Keratella). These microscopic animals occur commonly throughout Australia and their numbers rise in the presence of food in the form of algae. They are harmless to humans. Further testing to determine the extent of zooplankton throughout the reticulation system was carried out. The results showed diverse zooplankton present in differing numbers. The hot water service blockage problem was resolved with the installation of in-line fi lters on the service line. 30 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Lake Mountain ARMB Population supplied with drinking water: No permanent residential population. Annual visitation is approximately 200,000 people. The Lake Mountain ARMB provides untreated water to the Lake Mountain resort, including management offi ces, ski patrol facilities, retail and food outlets, day visitor facilities, rental accommodation (single premise) and external taps. Due to the risk of people mistaking the water for drinking water, the Minister for Health declared the water supplied to the resort as regulated water. The declaration was made on 23 October 2005, and published in the Government Gazette No. G47, on 24 November 2005. In accordance with the Act, Lake Mountain ARMB has prepared a risk management plan for the supply, and submitted an annual water quality report. They are not required to monitor for any water quality standards, as the water supplied is not drinking water. They have implemented a program to ensure that staff, stakeholders and visitors to the Resort are aware that the water supplied is not drinking water.

Mount Baw Baw ARMB Population supplied with drinking water: The resort has a 700-bed capacity. The resort attracts an average visitation of 43,000 visitors for the period June to September and approximately 15,000 visitors for the period October to May. The Mount Baw Baw ARMB provides drinking water to a single water sampling locality – Mount Baw Baw – comprising the resort village and the immediate the immediate surrounding area. In May 2005 a UV treatment plant was installed. In consultation with Gippsland Water, Mt Baw Baw Resort ARMB entered into a manual chlorination program, which began in January 2007. This was introduced as a second barrier of protection in managing the ongoing issues of E. coli non-compliance during the warmer months and through periods of low water fl ow or use. Water quality profi ling has been undertaken since the implementation of chlorine with regular testing for chlorine residual in the village water supply. A suitable residual was successfully maintained. No non-compliance issues arose for E. coli during the reporting period. Performance against drinking water standards During the reporting period the Mt Baw Baw water sampling locality complied with all monitored water quality standards. As neither ozone nor aluminium are used in treatment processes for the Mt Baw Baw water sampling locality bromate, formaldehyde and acid-soluble aluminium concentrations are not monitored. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance There were no other issues reported. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 31

Water quality incidents and events No incidents or events arose during the reporting period that required reporting to the department. In response to the major rain event in late June 2007, which caused fl ooding in parts of Gippsland, Mt Baw Baw ARMB voluntarily implemented a boil water notice to mitigate the risk of the public drinking water potentially contaminated with runoff. The department were notifi ed of this action, and the notice was kept in place until weekly test results confi rmed the water supply was not contaminated. Customer complaints related to water quality No customer complaints were received during the reporting period.

Mount Buller and Mount Stirling ARMB Population supplied with drinking water: The resort has a 7,800-bed capacity, with a permanent population of 30 residents that increases to approximately 1,600 during the ski season. The resort has an annual visitation of 500,000 visitor days (number of days each visitor stays) with an estimated maximum of 17,000 people in the resort on any one day. There is no permanent population at Mirimbah or Mount Stirling. Localities supplied with drinking water: Mount Buller High Level Reticulation, Mount Buller Low Level Reticulation, Mirimbah and Mount Stirling Telephone Box Junction. The Board supplies treated drinking water to the resort village and its immediate surrounds and to the small settlement at Mount Stirling, and to the ticket offi ce, convenience store, and park at Mirimbah. The ARMB provides water at two huts within the Mount Stirling ski fi eld via rainwater. This water is not intended for drinking and relevant signs are placed to warn people of this. During the 2006 07 reporting period severe fi res burnt out a large portion of the area managed by the ARMB. Water supplies at Mirimbah were interrupted between late December 2006 and late January 2007. Water supplies at Mount Stirling where interrupted between early December 2006 and early June 2007. Both interruptions were due to damage to infrastructure. The resolution of the Mount Stirling interruption was delayed by safety issues preventing safe access to the site. During the interruptions signs were placed on all water outlets to inform people the water was unfi t for human consumption. The department was notifi ed of all interruptions to the water supply. Assessment against drinking water standards The Board is required to monitor for compliance with E. coli, turbidity and chlorine disinfection by-products standards. Ozone disinfection and aluminium are not in use and the Board are not required to monitor for bromate, formaldehyde and acid- soluble aluminium. 32 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

All drinking water localities complied with the water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard Escherichia coli Mount Buller High Level

Upon receiving notifi cation of the E. coli detections the disinfection systems were checked, the mains were fl ushed and additional chlorine was added to the systems. The detections in the low level locality occurred before the installation of the fl ow paced chlorine dosing system, which was installed during the 2006–07 reporting period. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance There were no other water quality issues to report. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) February 2007 Mt Buller High E. coli in the reticulation Flushing, inspection and addition of chlorine to the system. Level Reticulation (1 orgs/100mL) Repeat sample free of E. coli. April 2007 Mt Buller Low E. coli in the reticulation Flushing, inspection and addition of chlorine to the system. Level Reticulation (7 orgs/100mL) Repeat sample free of E. coli. April 2007 Mt Buller High E. coli in the reticulation Flushing, inspection and addition of chlorine to the system. Level Reticulation (2 orgs/100mL Repeat sample free of E. coli. May 2007 Mrimbah E. coli in the reticulation Flushing, inspection and addition of chlorine to the system. (3 orgs/100mL) Repeat sample free of E. coli.

These incidents were reported under Section 22 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003. Customer complaints related to water quality No customer complaints were received during the reporting period.

Mount Hotham ARMB Population supplied with drinking water: The resort has a 4,600-bed capacity, with a permanent population of less than 100 residents that increases to an estimated maximum of 4,000–5,000 people in the resort on any one day in peak periods. The Board supplies treated drinking water to a single locality – Mount Hotham – comprising the resort village and the immediate surrounding area. The water is treated with UV disinfection only prior to distribution through the reticulation system. Performance against drinking water standards The Board is required to monitor for compliance with the E. coli and turbidity standards only. The locality was compliant with both these standards for the 2006–07 reporting period. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 33

A single sample was missed due to the failure of a courier to collect the sample during the time between Christmas and New Year. The department was informed of the missed sample. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance There are no other issues to report. Water quality incidents and events There were no water quality incidents or events to report. Customer complaints related to water quality There were no customer complaints in relation to the quality of the water. Several water authorities have generously provided assistance such as operational advice and hands-on assistance to some of the resorts. This has been particularly useful, as the supplies are diffi cult to manage due to the need to manage both very high and very low demand. The remoteness of the areas can create some diffi culties, and in some cases the failure to deliver a sample for analysis has resulted from issues with couriers failing, or being unable to, collect the samples. 34 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Barwon Water Head offi ce: Geelong Localities supplied with drinking water: Aireys Inlet, Anakie, Anglesea, , Bannockburn, Bellarine, Birregurra, Clifton Springs, Colac, Cressy, Forrest, Gellibrand, Highton, Highton High Level, Leopold, Little River West, Lorne, Lovely Banks, Lovely Banks – Carrs Rd, Meredith, Montpellier, Moorabool, Moriac, Ocean Acres, Ocean Grove, Pettavel, Portarlington, Queenscliff, Teesdale, Torquay, Winchelsea Other communities within these localities that are provided with drinking water include Alvie, Beeac, Cororooke, Gheringhap, Grovedale, Inverleigh, Lethbridge, Mt Duneed, Shelford. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 271,000 Map 2: Barwon Water

s Water Services

n Water & Sewerage Services Melbourne Area

Approximate Boundaries of Regional Urban Water Authorities 020406080100

Kilometres G/6442

Central Highlands

Macedon Western Grampians

Werribee HIGHWAY Moorabool Yarrowee River MELBOURNE s Meredith Little River FWY. River s River Anakie s Cressy Bannockburn Laran s HIGHWAY n PRINCES South West Lake s Portarlington Corangamite n l Inverleigh Leopold Geelong n nClifton Springs/ Beeacs Winchelsea Barwon Drysdale s n Heads n Queenscliff Alvie nn PRINCES Ocean lPortsea n s n Grove Colac Birregurra Torquay n ROADAnglesea n BARWON Aireys Inlet ssForrest n Lorne GREAT Gellibrand l OCEAN sSkenes Creek n Apollo Bay

Performance against water quality standards Drinking water supplied in all localities by Barwon Water during 2006–07 complied Map prepared by, and used with with the nine water quality standards. the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 35

The required number of samples for E. coli, as specifi ed in the Regulations (one sample per week, or 52 samples), were not collected in the Lovely Banks – Carrs Rd locality because of a laboratory error in June 2007; only 51 samples were collected. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance A drinking water sample taken from the Forrest water sampling locality during a dirty water event contained manganese at a concentration which exceeded the health- related guideline value set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004). The result was not representative of the quality of water usually supplied. Further information on this event is detailed below in the table of ‘Water Quality Incidents and Events’. All other parameters measured by Barwon Water as part of its drinking water quality monitoring program met the relevant health-related guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines during the reporting period. For detailed water quality data, including data about aesthetic characteristics of the water, please refer to Barwon Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events were reported by Barwon Water.

Date Supply Issue Action(s) July 2006 Montpellier Detection of E. coli Mains fl ushing. Follow-up samples taken throughout the locality were clear (3 orgs/100mL) in of E. coli. drinking water December Ocean Acres Detection of E. coli Systematic mains fl ushing after 24 E. coli/100mL were detected. Boil water 2006 (24 orgs/100mL) in notices issued to the 25 properties within this locality. Increased chlorine drinking water dosage and extensive monitoring. Follow-up samples taken throughout the locality were clear of E. coli. Boil water notice lifted on 8 January 2007. February Bellarine Detection of E. coli Mains fl ushing and chlorination of water within supply main. Follow-up 2007 (2 orgs/100mL) in samples taken throughout the Bellarine locality were clear of E. coli. drinking water April 2007 Wurdee-Pettavel Detection of E. coli No disinfection failures or faults were recorded at Wurdee Boluc treatment transfer main (supply- (1 org/100mL) at plant. Follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. by-agreement system entry point customers) May 2007 Lorne Detection of E. coli Inspection of the storage revealed no source of contamination. (19 orgs/100mL) in clear No disinfection failures or faults were recorded at the treatment plant. water storage tank no.1 Follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. May 2007 Winchelsea, Moriac, Disinfection plant failure On May 4 2007 primary disinfection failed for ~40 minutes due to electrical Anglesea, Pettavel, – Wurdee Boluc upgrade works conducted at the site. About 1.3 million litres of fi ltered but Highton, Highton High not disinfected water was introduced into the potable supply. The slug of Level, Montpellier, non-disinfected water was redirected and chlorinated prior to supply to Wurdee-Pettavel customers. transfer main (supply- by-agreement customers) 36 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Date Supply Issue Action(s) May 2007 Forrest Elevated manganese levels Review of data prior to detection revealed an extremely high fl ow event. This was possibly caused by water tankers fi lling up in the locality and stirring up dirt and sediment in the mains. The sample site was in a dead end main suggesting a localised dirty water event. This area was fl ushed and the mains cleaning maintenance program brought forward. May 2007 Aireys Inlet Blue-green algal bloom Painkalac Reservoir was isolated and extensive monitoring of the bloom was (Painkalac Reservoir) carried out. An alternative supply was sourced via tanker from Anglesea. Media releases and letters were sent out, and signage was erected at the reservoir. The algae were found to be producing toxin. Testing showed that the treatment plant effectively removed both the algal cells and toxin. Powder activated carbon was put in place to remove any algal metabolites that may produce taste and odours. The bloom dissipated after heavy rain and cooler conditions prevailed at the end of May. Ongoing monitoring continues at this site.

Customer complaints related to water quality Barwon Water records all complaints relating to drinking water quality. The complaints are compared to the number of connected properties to enable comparison with other water suppliers. The number of complaints in 2006–07 was 4.1/1000 properties, which was much lower than the average over the past seven years of 5.2/1000 properties. The large majority of the complaints for 2006–07 were due to dirty water complaints related to incident specifi c events, mains bursts and valve failure in the Lovely Banks and Colac localities respectively. The following table shows a breakdown of these complaints by complaint type.

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 customers supplied Discoloured water 387 0.192 Taste/odour 113 0.035 Blue water 1 0.008 Air in water 5 0.002 Illness 6 0.002 Other 7 0.028 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 37

Central Highlands Water Head offi ce: Localities supplied with drinking water: Alma, Avoca, Ballan, , Ballarat North/Nerrina, Beaufort, Bet Bet, Blackwood/Barrys Reef, Bungaree/ Wallace, /Mount Helen, Cardigan Village, Carisbrook, Clunes, Creswick, Daisy Hill, Daylesford High Level, Daylesford Low Level/Hepburn, Dean, Enfi eld, Forest Hill, Fiskville/Glenmore, Gordon/Mount Egerton, Haddon, Lal Lal, Learmonth, Lexton, Linton, Majorca, Maryborough, Napoleons, Sebastopol, Skipton, , Talbot, Timor, , Wendouree. Towns supplied with regulated (non-drinking) water: Amphitheatre, Landsborough/Navarre, Raglan, and Redbank. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 120,000 Map 3: Central Highlands Water

Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment 38 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Performance against drinking water standards (drinking water supplies only) All drinking water localities complied with the drinking water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard Trihalomethanes Alma, Avoca, Bet Bet, Carisbrook, Daisy Hill, Enfi eld, Majorca, Maryborough, Napoleons, Talbot, and Timor

The localities of Enfi eld and Napoleons are part of the Ballarat water supply system, and the localities of Alma, Bet Bet, Carisbrook, Daisy Hill, Majorca, Maryborough, Talbot and Timor form most of the Maryborough water supply system. Undertakings were in place for the Avoca and Maryborough water supply systems. For both supplies, upgrades to the disinfection process, to change from a chlorinated to chloraminated system, were completed to reduce the risk of trihalomethanes formation. Ammonia dosing facilities have also been installed at both Avoca and Maryborough water treatment plants, to allow for the introduction of chloramination. Central Highlands Water will inform the Avoca and Maryborough communities of these changes to their supply during 2007–08. Trihalomethanes non-compliances occurred in the Ballarat water supply system during booster chlorinator commissioning, where the disinfection method was changed from chloramination to chlorination for approximately a two month period. When disinfection reverted to chloramination, trihalomethanes results subsequently reduced to compliant levels. Central Highlands Water has adopted an internal benchmark standard of greater than 95 per cent of samples containing no total coliforms to ensure adequate distribution system performance. Even though all localities complied with the drinking water quality standard for E. coli (98% of drinking water samples collected during 2006–07 containing no E. coli), two undertakings were put in place as a result of persistent total coliform non-compliance in the Beaufort water supply system. In order to manage this issue, Central Highlands Water implemented a more rigorous and regular maintenance regime. The Blackwood water sampling locality was formally declared as a drinking water supply on 1 July 2006. The decision to remove the permanent boil water notice was supported by the completion of a 12-month non-chemical disinfection trial, a successful ongoing maintenance regime to ensure the quality of water delivered to customers and compliance with all regulatory standards within the distribution system. Formal notifi cation of this included a community newsletter distributed to all customers, a media announcement and updated water quality advice on Central Highland’s Water’s website. Severe drought conditions continued across Central Highland Water’s area of operation during 2006–07, which presented particular challenges with regard to maintaining water quality with low reservoir levels, the need to implement Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 39

emergency supply arrangements and limited scope for mains cleaning programs. One sample for formaldehyde (Clunes locality) was not collected in July 2006 due to an apparent problem with the laboratory sampling schedule. For more detail on improvements made to water treatment plants and the distribution system, please refer to the Central Highlands Water annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance No other parameters measured by Central Highlands Water, as part of its drinking water monitoring program, exceeded the relevant health-related guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reported period. For detailed water quality data, including data about aesthetic characteristics of the water, please refer to the Central Highlands Water annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) July 2006 Smeaton Reticulation E. coli detection Smeaton Inspection of tank and resampling. No E. coli detected in resample. (Forest Hill System) Tanks Informed DHS of initial and resample results. September Timor Reticulation E. coli detection customer Mains fl ushing. Repeat samples free of E. coli. Informed DHS of initial and 2006 (Maryborough System) tap resample results. September Creswick Reticulation E. coli detection Ballarat Inspection of basin and resampling. Introduced fresh water into basin by 2006 (Ballarat System) Road Basin manually controlling pump delivering water to storage. No E. coli detected in resample. Informed DHS of initial and resample results. September Skipton Reticulation E. coli detection Mortchup Inspection of tank and resampling. No E. coli detected in resample. 2006 (Ballarat System) Road Tank, Snake Valley Informed DHS of initial and resample results. December Beaufort Hospital E. coli detection Beaufort Tank fl ushed and refi lled. No E. coli detected in resample. Informed 2006 Hospital Tank Beaufort Hospital and DHS of initial and resample results. January Maryborough System Blue-green algae Reservoir closed and taken offl ine for 24-hours. Algicide dosing and 2007 (Anabaena circinalis) further BGA analysis performed. Informed DHS and DSE via required Centenary Reservoir email. March Wendouree Reticulation E. coli detection Mount Inspection of tank and resampling. No E. coli detected in resample. 2007 (Ballarat System) Rowan Tank, Mount Rowan. Informed DHS of initial and resample results. April 2007 Maryborough System Blue-green algae Reservoir resampled. No issue and no further action taken. Routine (Microcystis aeruginosa) monitoring continued. Informed DHS and DSE via required email. Centenary Reservoir May 2007 Maryborough System Blue-green algae Reservoir resampled. No issue and no further action taken. Routine (Microcystis aeruginosa) monitoring continued. Informed DHS and DSE via required email. Centenary Reservoir

The Blue-green algae blooms at Centenary Reservoir were managed using continuous aeration and increased monitoring, including pre and post treatment sampling. Only the January 2007 occasion required the reservoir to be taken off-line temporarily and application of an approved algaecide. For further information on the water quality incidents listed above please refer to Central Highlands Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. 40 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints on water quality that were recorded by Central Highlands Water during the 2006–07 reporting period is provided in the table below. As with most water businesses, the highest number of complaints received related to discoloured water.

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 customers supplied Discoloured water 72 0.12 Taste/odour 22 0.04 Blue water 0 0 Air in water 1 0.002 Suspected illness 2 0.003 Other 20 0.03

Customer complaints are recorded in a corporate database, and are dealt with according to established internal protocols. There were no water sampling localities that recorded a total number of complaints greater than 10 per 100 customers during the reporting period. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 41

City West Water Head offi ce: Sunshine Localities supplied with drinking water: Altona, Caroline Springs, Deer Park, East Keilor, Footscray, Little River, Moonee Ponds, Parkville, Richmond, Strathmore, Taylors Lakes, Tullamarine, Werribee, Werribee South (please refer to Appendix J for a list of all individual suburbs supplied). All drinking water supplies are fl ouridated. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 619,400 Map 4: City West Water

Performance against water quality standards Drinking water supplied in all localities by City West Water during 2006–07 complied with the water quality standards. The regulatory requirement for turbidity monitoring is for weekly sampling from each locality. The resulting annual target of 52 samples was not met for the three localities Werribee, Little River and Werribee South. In each case a sampling event Map prepared by, and used with the was omitted between 24 July and 8 August 2006. City West Water advised reported permission of, City West Water 42 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

that this oversight was related to the July 2006 change in the number of water quality localities from 11 to 14. City West Water has advised that bromate and formaldehyde were not monitored on a regular basis for compliance purposes as City West Water’s water supply is not treated with ozone. Nevertheless, an annual customer tap water sample from each locality was tested during May 2007. All fourteen results for both bromate and formaldehyde did not exceed the standards. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance Apart from the bacterium Salmonella, no other parameters measured by City West Water, as part of its drinking water quality monitoring, exceeded the relevant health- related guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. For the fi rst time since the inception of City West Water’s independent, non- regulatory microbial potential pathogen testing program in 1998, there was a positive detection of a Salmonella bacterium in a sample collected from the Little River locality on 3 May 2007. According to the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004), Salmonella should not be detected in treated water supplies. Other samples collected in the locality on the same day did not reveal evidence of faecal contamination. This was confi rmed by follow-up testing which also did not detect Salmonellae. An inspection of local and upstream assets did not reveal integrity breaches which might have been potential sources of contamination. A chlorine dosing unit to specifi cally service the Little River locality was commissioned in May 2007. No reports of illness were associated with this detection and the cause remains unknown. For detailed water quality data, including data about other aesthetic characteristics of the water, please refer to City West Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) January 2007 Werribee South Detection of In each of the three incidents, the reservoir tank was not supplying water to the public February 2007 area (Werribee E. coli at the time of the detection. The tank was kept isolated and was disinfected followed March 2007 South service by resampling which revealed the absence of E. coli. Tank integrity was checked. reservoir) March 2007 Manor Lakes area Detection of The reservoir was kept isolated until disinfected and re-sampling showed absence of (Manor Lakes E. coli E. coli. Service Reservoir) May 2007 Little River Detection of (see details in the previous section) Salmonella spp. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 43

During 2006–07 there was one instance in April when a Melbourne Water bulk water chlorinator (Greenvale/St. Albans) temporarily ceased operation, potentially allowing undisinfected water to enter the water supply system. City West Water advised that in this instance there was no signifi cant effect due to the unchlorinated water being captured and directed back into and therefore not being supplied to the public. No bacteriological contamination was detected. Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints related to water quality that were recorded by City West Water during 2006–07 is provided in the table below. As with most water businesses, the highest number of complaints received related to discoloured water.

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 customers supplied* Discoloured water 180 0.056 Taste/odour 48 0.015 Blue water 6 0.002 Air in water 33 0.010 Suspected illness nil – Other 2 <0.001

* Based on number of properties serviced. 44 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Coliban Water Head offi ce: Bendigo Localities supplied with drinking water: Axedale, Bealiba, Bendigo Northern, Bendigo Southern, Bendigo – Spring Gully, Big Hill, Boort, Bridgewater, Castlemaine, Cohuna (Rural), Cohuna (Urban), Dunolly, , Elmore, Epsom – Huntly, Fryerstown, , Guildford, Gunbower, Harcourt, Heathcote, Inglewood, Junortoun, Korong Vale, , Laanecoorie, Leitchville (Rural), Leitchville (Urban), Lockington, Maiden Gully – , Maldon, Malmsbury, Newstead, Pyramid Hill, Raywood, Rochester, Serpentine, Specimen Hill, Strathfi eldsaye, Taradale – Elphinstone, Tarnagulla, Tooborac, Trentham, Tylden, Wedderburn Towns supplied with regulated (non-drinking) water: Borung, Dingee, Jarklin, Macorna, Mitiamo, Mysia, Sebastian and Wychitella Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 118,760 Map 5: Coliban Water

Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 45

Performance against water quality standards (drinking water supplies only) Coliban Water monitored for six of the nine water quality standards within all of its forty-four localities. Bromate and formaldehyde were monitored for in localities treated with ozone, which include Bendigo Northern, Bendigo Southern, Bendigo – Spring Gully, Big Hill, Castlemaine, Epsom – Huntly, Fryerstown, Guildford, Harcourt, Kyneton, Maldon, Malmsbury, Maiden Gully – Marong, Junortoun, Newstead, Strathfi eldsaye, Taradale – Elphinstone, Trentham and Tylden. Aluminium was monitored for in all localities with the exception of Elmore, Gunbower and Trentham, where alum is not used in the treatment process. All water sampling localities complied with the drinking water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard Aluminium Axedale Trihalomethanes Axedale, Bealiba, Bridgewater, Inglewood, Goornong, Heathcote, Tooborac.

During the reporting period Coliban Water had undertakings in place with the department to address the water quality issues in the localities of Axedale and Goornong. The undertakings were extended during the reporting period because Coliban Water was unable to complete the proposed actions by the original due dates as the severe drought conditions in central Victoria forced Coliban Water to reprioritise its capital works program. In the case of Axedale, the quality of water being produced by the Axedale Water Treatment Plant became so poor that the plant was switched off in June 2007 and drinking water was carted from the Bendigo supply system. This is likely to continue until a pipeline from Bendigo, which is the main action in the undertaking, is completed. In the case of Bridgewater and Inglewood, Coliban Water completed an undertaking for these localities during the previous reporting period, but the solution, which was the installation of an ammonia dosing facility to convert the disinfection process at the Bridgewater/Inglewood Water Treatment Plant from chlorination to chloramination, in order to lower the potential for trihalomethanes production, was unsuccessful due to inadequate mixing and dosing control. At the end of the reporting period, Coliban Water was in negotiations with the department regarding another undertaking to address the issues in these localities. In the case of Heathcote and Tooborac there was a problem with the ammonia dosing system at the Heathcote Water Treatment Plant, resulting in a lower than optimal dose of ammonia being applied to the treated water. Trihalomethanes increased during this period due to the increased level of free chlorine. The dosing pump was replaced and since then there have been no instances of non-compliance. An extension and modifi cation to the undertaking for Goornong was approved, extending the expiry date until 29 February 2008. Trihalomethanes levels have been 46 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

particularly elevated during the past 12 months due to higher levels of salinity in the raw water due to the drought. The proposed actions in the undertaking relate to improving the chlorine dosing system at Goornong, which includes installing a new chlorination dosing system that has a fl ow-based residual control to optimise chlorine dose rates, reduce trihalomethanes production and provide more reliable disinfection. It is also planned to trial aerating the storage tank at Goornong in a further effort to help lower the concentration of trihalomethanes. If this proves successful, which there is case history to suggest that it may, then this process may be adopted in other situations where high trihalomethanes are an issue. In the longer term, Coliban Water plans to construct a pipeline to supply water to Goornong from the Bendigo water supply system. More information on these undertakings can be found in Appendix D. Bealiba receives treated water from the Laanecoorie Water Treatment Plant, and the water is re-chlorinated at Bealiba. Raw water quality in the Loddon River has contributed to non-compliances with the trihalomethanes standard. Coliban Water continues to optimise the chlorine dosing process in an effort to minimise trihalomethanes production. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance No other parameters measured by Coliban Water, as part of its drinking water quality monitoring program, exceeded the relevant health-related guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. For detailed water quality data, including data about other aesthetic characteristics of the water, please refer to Coliban Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07 reporting period the following water quality incidents and events were reported by Coliban Water.

Date Supply Issue Action(s) November Axedale (contact Aluminium (0.25 & The likely cause was an incorrectly operating valve affecting the backwash and point and customer 0.53mg/L) cycle of one fi lter. Valves replaced and water carting from Bendigo December tap) initiated. 2006 December Inglewood (sample E. coli (5 org/100mL) No known cause. Possible bird entry. All possible entry points to the 2006 at tank outlet) tank sealed. Sodium hypochlorite added to tank (5 mg/L). Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. December Echuca Anabaena circinalis count Increased monitoring and general surveillance. Powdered Activated 2006 of 9500 cells/mL. Carbon considered but not used. January Castlemaine (sample E. coli (2 org/100mL) No known cause – possibly due to low chlorine residual or bird entry. All 2007 at storage basin) possible entry points to the basin sealed. Sodium hypochlorite added to tank (5 mg/L). Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 47

Date Supply Issue Action(s) January Dunolly (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) No known cause – possibly due to low chlorine residual or bird entry. 2007 at customer tap) Laanecoorie Water Treatment Plant operating normally. All possible entry points to the Dunolly tank sealed. Sodium hypochlorite added to Dunolly tank. Resampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. January Serpentine (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) No known cause – possibly due to low chlorine residual or bird entry. All 2007 at tank outlet) possible entry points to the tank checked and sealed where necessary. Increased chlorine and ammonia dosage rates to gain higher clear water storage residual. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. February Big Hill (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) No known cause – possibly due to low chlorine residual or bird entry. 2007 at tank outlet) All possible entry points to the tank sealed. Sodium hypochlorite added to tank (5 mg/L). Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. February Korong Vale (sample E. coli (2 org/100mL) No known cause. Possible bird entry. All possible entry points to the tank 2007 at tank outlet) checked and sealed where necessary. Chlorine residual at Korong Vale Water Treatment Plant satisfactory. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. February Wedderburn E. coli (2 org/100mL) No known cause. Possible bird entry. All possible entry points to the tank 2007 (sample at checked and sealed where necessary. Korong Vale Water Treatment Plant customer tap) operating satisfactorily. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. March 2007 Goornong (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) No known cause. All possible bird entry points checked. Chlorine residuals at tank outlet) checked and found to be satisfactory. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. March 2007 Raywood (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) No known cause. Water carted from Bendigo. All possible bird entry points at tank outlet) checked. Chlorine residuals checked and found to be satisfactory. Re- sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. March 2007 Rochester (sample E. coli (4 org/100mL) No known cause. All possible bird entry points checked. Chlorine residuals at tank outlet) checked and found to be satisfactory. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. March 2007 Bendigo/Heathcote 9000 cells/mL of potentially Supply to Bendigo Water Treatment Plant shutoff and increased general toxic Microcyctis species. surveillance at Heathcote WTP implemented. Increased algal testing until Counts from an integrated cell counts decreased. reservoir sample were 24,000 cells/mL and from the outlet tower were 17,000 cells/mL March 2007 Laanecoorie Anabaena circinalis count of Increase general surveillance and Powdered Activated Carbon dosing 5830 cells/mL commenced. Increased BGA testing until cell counts decreased. April 2007 Bridgewater Low chlorination Faulty scales measuring chlorine levels. Chlorine manually added. Scales (contact point) replaced and alarm system improved. April 2007 Axedale (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) No known cause – possibly due to low chlorine residual. Increased at customer tap) chlorine dosage rate to gain higher chlorine residual. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. April 2007 Taradale (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) Possibly due to a faulty air valve which allowed water to be sucked into at customer tap) reticulation system from a pit. Air valve was replaced. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. 48 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Date Supply Issue Action(s) April 2007 Harcourt (sample E. coli (2 org/100mL) No known cause. Operation of the Castlemaine WTP checked and found to at customer tap) be satisfactory. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. April 2007 Inglewood (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) No known cause. Inglewood tank checked and found to be satisfactory. at customer tap) Sodium hypochlorite added to tank (5 mg/L). Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. April 2007 Laanecoorie (sample E. coli (2 org/100mL) No known cause. All possible bird entry points checked. Chlorine residuals at customer tap) checked and found to be satisfactory. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. April 2007 Tooborac (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) No known cause. All possible bird entry points checked. Chlorine residuals at tank outlet) checked and found to be satisfactory. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections. April 2007 Korong Vale (sample E. coli (1 org/100mL) No known cause. Possible bird entry. All possible entry points to the tank at tank outlet) checked and sealed where necessary. Chlorine residual at Korong Vale Water Treatment Plant found to be satisfactory. Re-sampling completed showing no further E. coli detections.

Customer complaints The customer complaints received by Coliban Water during the reporting period are summarised in the table below. As with most water businesses, the highest number of complaints received related to discoloured water.

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 customers supplied Discoloured water 122 0.21 Taste/Odour 22 0.04 Air in Water 0 0 Blue Water 0 0 Illness 0 0 Other 0 0 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 49

East Gippsland Water Head offi ce: Bairnsdale Localities supplied with drinking water: Bairnsdale, Bemm River, Buchan, Cann River, Dinner Plain, Eagle Point – Paynesville, Kalimna, Lindenow, Lindenow South, Mallacoota, Merrangbaur, Metung, Nicholson – Swan Reach, Nowa Nowa, Omeo, Orbost, Sarsfi eld – Bruthen, Sunlakes – Toorloo and Swifts Creek Other communities within these localities that are provided with drinking water include Newlands Arm, Raymond Island, Sarsfi eld, Johnsonville, Swan Reach, Lakes Entrance, Lake Tyers Beach, Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust and Newmerella. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 37,740 Map 6: East Gippsland Water

Performance against water quality standards All drinking water localities complied with the drinking water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard E. coli Nicholson – Swan Reach Trihalomethanes Mallacoota, Sarsfi eld – Bruthen Map prepared by, and used with Trichloroacetic acid Sarsfi eld – Bruthen the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment 50 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

There were two detections of E. coli for the Nicholson – Swan Reach locality which were investigated and reported to the department. The two detections were at low levels and follow-up sampling showed no further detection of E. coli. During 2006–2007, the Sarsfi eld – Bruthen locality recorded non-compliance for two water quality standards, trihalomethanes and trichloroacetic acid. These non- compliances were related to the use of the Nicholson River as the source water instead of the Mitchell River, which was highly impacted by drought and bushfi re. The Nicholson River water has a high colour and organic content which reacted with the chlorine-based disinfectant resulting in the formation of high levels of trihalomethanes and trichloroacetic acid. The Mallacoota locality recorded a single high trihalomethanes result. This was an isolated event related to recent mains cleaning of the major supply main. Further fl ushing resolved the issue. East Gippsland Water advised that they do not use ozone as a water treatment chemical, and as such bromate and formaldehyde were not included as part of their routine testing program. The required number of samples for E. coli and turbidity, as specifi ed in the Regulations (one sample per week, or 52 samples), were not collected in the Dinner Plain locality due to logistical diffi culties during the 2006/2007 bushfi res. In both cases only 51 samples were collected. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance Disinfection with chlorine dioxide Chlorine dioxide is used as a disinfectant in three of East Gippsland Water’s localities, Bemm River, Nowa Nowa and Swifts Creek. All three localities exceeded the health-related guideline value for chlorite (0.3 mg/L), as detailed in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004), during the 2006–07 reporting period. In response to this East Gippsland Water implemented strategies to minimise chlorite production without compromising the effectiveness of disinfection. To minimise the risk to consumers, East Gippsland Water has commenced construction of full water treatment plants which will utilise chlorine rather than chlorine dioxide at Bemm River and Swifts Creek. An alternate supply is proposed for Nowa Nowa involing a construction of a pipeline that will supply water from the Mitchell River supply system. These works form the basis for undertakings accepted by the department for Bemm River, Nowa Nowa and Swifts Creek. The expected timeframe for completion of these works is December 2007. Impact of bushfi re on Woodglen Reservoir Signifi cant rainfall events in the early weeks of 2007 in the Mitchell River catchment caused large quantities of clay, ash and bushfi re debris to wash into the Mitchell River. The extreme levels of turbidity impacted severely the quantity of water that could be harvested and the quality of water entering East Gippsland Water’s water supply system, in particular Woodglen Reservoir. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 51

In response to this, East Gippsland Water, with the help of external contractors, worked intensively to construct a water treatment facility that could pre-treat the highly turbid water from the Mitchell River prior to it entering Woodglen Reservoir. Construction of the facility was necessary so that enough water could be produced to meet customer demand (stage 4 restrictions were also implemented to reduce demand), and then provide additional water to treat and fi ll the depleted storage. In addition, alternative water sources within the area were investigated. Two farm bores were utilised and a number of bores were drilled into an untapped aquifer at Woodglen. Floods of June 2007 Two signifi cant fl ood events towards the end of June placed much of the authority’s infrastructure under pressure. The townships of Bairnsdale, Paynesville and Lakes Entrance, including Raymond Island, were impacted by the storms and localised fl ooding occurred. A noteworthy event occurred when fl ood waters broke a pipeline under the Mitchell River at Lindenow. Some 550 customers at Lindenow and Lindenow South had their water supply cut. An alternative supply was promptly arranged to these areas and repairs were completed by July 2007. Overall, East Gippsland Water was able to protect their assets and maintain a supply of safe drinking water at all times. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events were reported by East Gippsland Water:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) September Nowa Nowa High levels of High levels of turbidity in source water after a period of heavy rain in the catchment. Increased 2006 turbidity in Boggy monitoring and limited harvesting during this period. Creek December Lindenow Detection of E. coli No loss of disinfection or disruption to supply. Recent increase in demand due to approaching 2006 at entry point bushfi res a possible cause. Follow-up samples collected and were clear of E. coli. December Nicholson Detection of E. coli System inspected. Follow-up samples collected and were clear of E. coli. 2006 – Swan Reach in drinking water February Sarsfi eld Elevated level of Elevated levels related to the use of the Nicholson River as the source water which is high in 2007 – Bruthen chloroform colour and organic content. This source water, used as part of the drought response, ceased being used for supply in February 2007. February Nicholson Detection of E. coli System inspected and fl ushed. Follow-up samples collected and were clear of E. coli. 2007 – Swan Reach in drinking water April 2007 Sunlakes Blue – green algal Sunlakes storage basin isolated. Increased monitoring was instigated.. Kalimna area supplied – Toorloo bloom via Sarsfi eld storage basin. May 2007 Sunlakes Detection of E. coli Site located at end of system due to supply arrangements. Limited fl ushing. Follow up samples – Toorloo at entry point collected with no further E. coli detected. June 2007 Bairnsdale Detection of E. coli Heavy rainfall on 19 June may have resulted in localised contamination of Aerodrome Tank. at tank Manual dosing with chlorine. Follow-up samples collected were clear of E. coli. 52 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints related to water quality that were recorded by East Gippsland Water during 2006 – 2007 is provided in the table below.

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 customers supplied* Coloured water 16 0.08 Dirty water 6 0.03 Taste and odour 16 0.08 Water quality – other ‡ 40.01 Weed 1 0.01 White water 0 0.00

* Based on number of water supply connections ‡ Customer complaints relating to alleged illness are included in this category The majority of complaints for this period were in relation to coloured water, and taste and odour issues. With the exception of coloured water complaints, a decrease was observed in the number of complaints for all other categories. The increased number of complaints for coloured water was due in part to mobilisation of sediment after the reinstatement of mains and temporary shutdown of supplies as well as internal plumbing issues. There was also an impact to some customers through the use of the Nicholson Supply at the start of 2007, as part of the diminishing water levels and emergency drought response. The two broad causes for taste and odour complaints were related to either chlorine addition to the water, or an earthy, musty property of the water. Chlorine complaints were primarily a result of seasonal fl uctuations in the levels of chlorine in the supply. The main cause for the other taste and odours were the presence of algae in the source water basin to the supply. Water interaction with interval plumbing also resulted in some complaints. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 53

Gippsland Water Head offi ce: Traralgon Localities supplied with drinking water: Boisdale, Boolarra, Briagolong, Churchill, Coongulla and Glenmaggie, Cowwarr, Drouin, Erica, Heyfi eld, Jumbuk, Maffra, Mirboo North, Moe, Morwell, Neerim South, Newborough, Noojee, Rawson, Rokeby and Buln Buln, Rosedale, Sale/Wurruk, Seaspray, Stratford, Thorpdale, Toongabbie, Trafalgar, Traralgon, Traralgon South and Hazelwood North, Tyres- Glengarry, Warragul*, Warragul South, Willow Grove, Yallourn North, Yarragon, Yinnar * other communities within the Warragul locality that are supplied with drinking water include Darnum, Drouin East and Nilma Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 110,000 Map 7: Gippsland Water

Performance against water quality standards All drinking water localities complied with the drinking water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard Trihalomethanes Erica

Map prepared by, and used with During the reporting period one sample of twelve collected from the Erica locality the permission of, Department of was found to contain trihalomethanes above the water quality standard. The sample Sustainability and Environment was collected in October 2006. 54 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

In December 2006 Gippsland Water commissioned a new water treatment plant to supply the localities of Rawson and Erica. These localities had a history of poor water quality and disinfection performance, which generated customer complaints and elevated disinfection by-products on occasions. The raw water supply contains naturally-occurring organic matter which reacts with the disinfection chemical (chlorine) to produce elevated levels of disinfection by-products. The new Rawson Water Treatment Plant effectively removes organic matter during the treatment process, substantially lowering the potential for trihalomethanes formation. Since commissioning, all results have complied with the water quality standards, and customers are receiving a reliable, high quality treated water supply. System developments over the past two years have resulted in all Gippsland Water localities now being supplied with fully treated water. Other issues of note were that one weekly sample for E. coli and one weekly sample for turbidity were inadvertently missed in early July 2006 due to changes in the water sampling localities. Additionally, a site in Newborough was not sampled for the water quality parameters in the required week; however, it was situated in an area that has water supplied directly from the Moe water supply. The department was notifi ed of all these issues. Gippsland Water advised that they do not use ozone as a water treatment chemical, and as such bromate and formaldehyde were not included as part of their routine testing program. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance Apart from manganese, no other parameter measured by Gippsland Water, as part of its drinking water quality monitoring program, was reported to have exceeded the relevant health guideline values detailed in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. One sample taken from the Seaspray locality, in April 2007, exceeded the health guideline value for manganese. This was most likely due to the sample being taken at a time when there was a disturbance of biofi lm within the reticulation system. This disturbance was a result of increased fl ows due to nearby construction activity and the fi lling of water tankers. The Seaspray system was placed on stage four water restrictions due to the drought conditions, and as a consequence the routine maintenance program of fl ushing had ceased. This may have allowed the build up of biofi lm to occur and the subsequent release of manganese into the reticulation system during periods of high fl ow. A modifi ed maintenance program of fl ushing in the town was initiated until the manganese levels reduced. During the reporting year, there were two water systems severely affected by drought. The Seaspray and Thorpdale localities had to be supplied by alternative source water. In the case of Seaspray, it was via tankered water, and in the case of Thorpdale it was via an emergency bore water supply. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 55

The Coongulla/Glenmaggie system was impacted by poor water quality in February 2007 due to previous bushfi re activity in the Macalister River catchment and subsequent heavy rainfall. An alternative water source was supplied via mobile tanker into this system from February and was still occurring at the end of the reporting period. For detailed water quality data, including data about other aesthetic characteristics of the water, please refer to Gippsland Water’s annual water quality report for 2006–2007. Water quality incidents and events During the 2006–07 reporting, the following water quality incident was reported by Gippsland Water:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) August 2006 Traralgon Highly turbid water entered the clear water Water treatment plant was shut down. Chlorine was dosed into the storage due to a water treatment plant clear water storage and the reticulation was fl ushed. malfunction, causing a reduced chlorine E. coli samples were taken from customer taps within the system. residual. No E. coli was detected.

Customer complaints related to water quality The customer complaints received by Gippsland Water during the reporting period are summarised in the table below. As with most water businesses, the highest number of complaints received related to discoloured water.

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 customers supplied Discoloured water 96 0.162 Taste/odour 54 0.091 Blue water 3 0.005 Air in water 23 0.039 Illness 15 0.025 Other 7 0.012

Gippsland Water advised that the “illness” category had previously been recorded as “other” complaints, and included any reported concerns by customers regarding health issues such as skin and throat irritations and stomach complaints that the customers had felt may have been caused by the water supply. In Gippsland Water’s experience, often these complaints are just an enquiry with no verifi cation by supporting medical information, and none to date have proved to genuinely be attributed to water quality. Gippsland Water still considers the information important and investigates each call to assist with identifi cation of potential localised issues. Gippsland Water has an extensive customer complaint response procedure to ensure all complaints are responded to effectively and in a timely manner. There have been no outstanding or major issues arising from the customer complaints process. 56 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Goulburn-Murray Water Head offi ce: Tatura Goulburn-Murray Water is a water storage manager under the Act and supplies untreated water in bulk to the water suppliers in northern Victoria that are listed below. This water can either be supplied directly from storages operated by Goulburn-Murray Water, or from rivers supplied from the storages, or from channel systems managed by Goulburn-Murray Water. The water suppliers listed below then treat the water that they receive to drinking standard and distribute the treated water to their customers. Goulburn-Murray Water does not supply drinking water to any customers. Water Suppliers serviced: Central Highlands Water, Coliban Water, Goulburn Valley Water, Lower Murray Water and North East Water. Map 8: Goulburn-Murray Water

Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Goulburn-Murray Water Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 57

Water quality incidents and events Goulburn-Murray Water classifi es incidents into four categories based on the potential or actual environmental consequence of the incident. Over the 2006–07 reporting period Goulburn-Murray Water recorded a total of 96 environmental incidents, of which 72 incidents occurred in locations that had the potential to affect water supplied to water suppliers for drinking purposes or potentially posed a risk to human health. Goulburn-Murray Water advised that none of these incidents were classed as emergencies and that each recorded incident was handled using their environmental incident management procedure. The 72 incidents are listed in the table below. The most commonly reported incidents were dumped dead stock (26 per cent), oil and chemical spills or contaminations (14 per cent), dairy shed effl uent discharges (16 per cent), followed by illegally dumped rubbish and industrial discharges (8 per cent each). Nine incidents related to observed poor quality water i.e. muddy, discoloured or foamy water where no causes were identifi ed. Some 62 of the incidents reported were caused by parties external to Goulburn-Murray Water and the remaining ten by Goulburn-Murray Water. In addition to these incidents, Goulburn-Murray Water advised the Department of Human Services of all blue-green algae blooms that potentially affect public health either via drinking water or recreation. The relevant urban water authorities, namely Coliban Water and Central Highlands Water, were also advised of the blooms in , and Laanecoorie and Tullaroop Reservoir. The blooms at and Blampieds Lagoon were ongoing blooms due to the extremely low water levels in these reservoirs. They did not affect urban supplies. Goulburn-Murray Water advised that there were no major issues associated with the management of these blooms. The blooms are listed in Appendix 2 of Goulburn-Murray Water’s annual water quality report for 2006–07. Goulburn-Murray Water has also developed a management strategy to ensure that their customers and members of the public are advised that water supplied or managed by Goulburn-Murray Water is untreated and is not suitable for drinking or food preparation. The strategy is summarised in their annual water quality report for 2006–07.

Incident Date Incident Type and Location July 2006 Sunk boat in July 2006 Dairy effl uent spill into MV Dr 11/7 July 2006 Dairy effl uent spill into EG 34 July 2006 Raw sewage spill to Happy Valley Creek – Myrtleford July 2006 Dead cow in Murray Valley Channel no. 5 July 2006 Water quality concerns by contractors at Rices Weir, Broken Creek August 2006 Dairy effl uent discharge to Murray Valley Channel 5/1 August 2006 Effl uent spill into Murray Valley Dr2/7/6 August 2006 Dairy effl uent spill into MV 7/6 August 2006 Fire in close proximity to Schiers Weir, Broken Creek 58 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Incident Date Incident Type and Location August 2006 Dairy effl uent seeping into spur off MV channel August 2006 Dead stock in Last Pool of the 11/2 Channel August 2006 Effl uent in 16/19/9 channel August 2006 Car batteries, motors and car bodies dumped near Creek – Murrindindi River proximity August 2006 White liquid/foam substance in Casey’s Weir August 2006 Effl uent into Drain – Cobram area August 2006 Dead cow (Brown) 5/1/7, Section 11 Area September 2006 Dead Sheep, Deakin Drain 2787 (Central Goulburn) September 2006 Small diesel spill, September 2006 Washdown from milk factory discharging into the September 2006 Spray drift near Rochester September 2006 Dirty fi ll to reclaim land at caravan park on Goulburn weirpool October 2006 Dead fi sh in private near Trentham October 2006 2 kangaroos in Spillway, Eildon November 2006 Unknown discharge to Deakin Drain 3/9, Stanhope November 2006 Potential fi sh kill at November 2006 Dairy Effl uent Spill/Discharge from landholders Property into the 16/6 Drain November 2006 Dead sheep in Cobram Main Drain November 2006 Car Battery in channel near Rochester November 2006 Kerosene spill into December 2006 Empty chemical drum on channel bank – December 2006 Rubbish dumped in Majors Creek December 2006 Illegal building and use of water in Tatura December 2006 Fire at Mt Buffalo Chalet (Tatura Chalet) December 2006 Rubbish dumped in Central Goulburn channel 9 December 2006 Dead cow in channel CG 14/8 December 2006 Black water event in Loddon River near Durham Ox/Boort Road January 2007 Stock carcasses on Central Goulburn 3/5 Channel Bank, Pyke Road, Tatura January 2007 Wildfi re North East Victoria January 2007 Low water quality discharge to Murrindindi River by fi sh farms January 2007 Low dissolved oxygen recorded at Goulburn Weir late 2006 January 2007 Dead stock in Loddon River near Pyramid Hill January 2007 Discoloured water in Delatite River at Booralite January 2007 Dead carp in Lake Eppalock January 2007 Lake Buffalo Sediment Sludge January 2007 Dead stock (cow) dumped into G-MW channel January 2007 Dead carp near Laanecoorie Reservoir February 2007 Suspected stock poisoning on Weir February 2007 Anthrax outbreak near Stanhope February 2007 Fish deaths in the Mokoan Inlet Channel February 2007 Dead carp in Irrigation Area Channel 11 February 2007 Effl uent in No 5/2 drain at Woorinen Piped district February 2007 Small oil spill To Maori Creek Woods Point March 2007 Dirty water in at Jamieson March 2007 Nutrient loaded dam water entering creek on Pyalong-Seymour Road Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 59

Incident Date Incident Type and Location March 2007 Poor water quality at Lake William Hovell Outlet March 2007 Runnymede Diversion Pump Leak March 2007 Poor water quality supplied by caravan park on Lake Eppalock March 2007 Untreated waste water discharged to Deakin Main drain near Stanhope March 2007 Dead stock in Coram Drain 4 and 2/4 April 2007 Dead cow in Goulburn River April 2007 Dairy effl uent seepage, Nine Mile Creek April 2007 Malnourished & dead stock near Murchison April 2007 Three dead cows in Goulburn River at Murchison East May 2007 Dead animal in Waranga Western Channel May 2007 Dead stock in creek near Strathbogie May 2007 Silt discharge runoff into Goulburn Weir from earthworks at caravan park site June 2007 Animal stomach and offal located in Goulburn River June 2007 Dead cow and effl uent in a tributary of Hume Creek June 2007 Rubbish dumped in Majors Creek June 2007 Direct discharge from dairy shed to G-MW Shepparton drain June 2007 Effl uent from piggery to waterway in Warby Ranges 60 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Goulburn Valley Water Head offi ce: Shepparton Localities supplied with drinking water: Alexandra, Avenel, Barmah, Bonnie Doon, Broadford, Buxton, Cobram, , Dookie, Eildon, Euroa, Girgarre, Katamatite, Katandra West, Katunga, Kilmore (Lower Elevation Areas), Kilmore (Upper Elevation Areas), Kyabram, Longwood, Mansfi eld, Marysville, Merrigum, Merrijig, Mooroopna, Murchison, Nagambie, Nathalia, Numurkah, Picola, Pyalong, Rushworth, Sawmill Settlement, Seymour (Lower Elevation Areas), Seymour (Upper Elevation Areas), Shepparton, Stanhope, Strathmerton, , Tallygaroopna, Tatura, Thornton, Tongala, Toolamba, Trawool-Violet Town, /Heathcote Junction, Waterford Park, Wunghnu, Yarroweyah, Yea. Towns supplied with non-potable (non-drinking) water: Corop, Goulburn Weir, Kirwan’s Bridge, Molesworth, Strathbogie, Woods Point. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 121,000 Map 9: Goulburn Valley Water

Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 61

Performance against water quality standards All drinking water sampling localities complied with the water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard Trihalomethanes Pyalong, Thornton Trichloroacetic acid Merrijig, Thornton Aluminium (acid soluble) Barmah, Girgarre, Longwood, Mansfi eld, Merrigum, Numurkah, Wunghnu

During 2006–07, the number of localities that were compliant with the water quality standards increased compared with previous reporting years. There were however some localities that failed to meet the water quality standards for trihalomethanes, trichloroacetic acid and aluminium. The Pyalong and Thornton localities both had undertakings in place during the reporting period to formally manage the ongoing elevated levels of trihalomethanes (Pyalong and Thornton) and trichloroacetic acid (Thornton). There were a number of occasions over the year where drinking water from the Pyalong locality was found to exceed the trihalomethanes standard. As part of the undertaking, Goulburn Valley Water engaged an external consultant to evaluate the risks and optimise treatment performance. A number of improvements were implemented resulting in full compliance of the Pyalong locality since the works were commissioned in March 2007. As such the undertaking was successfully completed. The Thornton locality failed to comply with the trihalomethanes and trichloroacetic acid standards during the year. A study into the treatment options to address these ongoing non-compliances, that formed the main action of the undertaking, was completed. Goulburn Valley Water decided to adopt a recommendation to build a pipeline from Alexandra to Eildon via Thornton, facilitating the supply of fully treated water to Thornton. These works are scheduled for completion in 2009–10. During the year, the Merrijig locality also reported an elevated level of trichloroacetic acid on one occasion. This was due to a transitory increase in the level of dissolved organic carbon in the source water, potentially due to run-off from fi re affected areas. Follow-up monitoring confi rmed that the level of trichloracetic acid within the water supply had returned to normal. A full water treatment plant is planned for this supply in 2008. Aluminium levels exceeded the water quality of standard of 0.2 mg/L on single isolated occasions in seven localities. On each occasion Goulburn Valley Water investigated the exceedance and where necessary adjusted treatment plant equipment. In all cases follow-up monitoring satisfi ed the aluminium standard. 62 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Undertakings were in place during the 2006–07 reporting period in relation to the following non-compliances (or potential non-compliances):

Bonnie Doon Turbidity Broadford Trihalomethanes, Trichloroacetic acid, Aluminium Longwood Aluminium Nagambie Trihalomethanes, Trichloroacetic acid Pyalong Trihalomethanes Thornton Trihalomethanes, Dichloroacetic acid, Trichloroacetic acid, Turbidity Waterford Park Trihalomethanes, Trichloroacetic acid, Aluminium

With the exception of the undertaking for Nagambie, which expires in December 2008, all undertakings fi nished on 31 March 2007. Goulburn Valley Water completed the actions in each undertaking by this date. The department is currently reviewing a request from Goulburn Valley Water to extend the Thornton undertaking, to accommodate the recommended strategy of bringing treated water from Alexandra to Eildon via Thornton to provide with better quality drinking water. Goulburn Valley Water advised that they do not use ozone as a water treatment chemical, and as such bromate and formaldehyde were not included as part of their routine testing program. The required numbers of samples, as specifi ed in the Regulations, were not collected in the Kilmore (Lower Elevation Areas) and Sawmill Settlement localities. The single sampling error for Kilmore (Lower Elevation Areas) was the result of an administration error by the sub-contracted laboratory, which resulted in two samples being taken in the Kilmore (Upper Elevation Areas), and none from the Kilmore (Lower Elevation Areas). A sample for E. coli and turbidity could not be taken in the Sawmill Settlement locality 21 December 2006 because bushfi res prevented access. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance Chlorine dioxide is used as a disinfectant in the water supply system for Marysville and Buxton. The levels of naturally-occurring organic matter and iron in the raw water regularly result in elevated levels of chlorite and chlorate in these localities. During the 2006–07 reporting period, some samples exceeded the Australian Drinking Water Guideline 2004 (ADWG) health-related guideline for chlorite (0.3 mg/L). There is no health-related guideline values established for chlorate. As part of its continuous improvement program, Goulburn Valley Water is currently reviewing alternative forms of treatment and disinfection for this system. Routine testing indicates that all water supplies have low levels of trace metals, with all localities being compliant with the ADWG health-related guideline values. The Trawool locality had a single sample in which the iron level was slightly above the ADWG aesthetic guideline of 0.3 mg/L. Other samples collected and tested during the reporting period were below the guideline levels. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 63

Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events were reported by Goulburn Valley Water:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) July 2006 Kyabram Detection of An E. coli result of 4 organisms/100mL and a coliform result of 14 organisms/100mL Escherichia coli at were detected at the Kyabram Treated Water Storage tank that supplies entry point the Kyabram reticulation system. An investigation indicated that the sample may have been mislabelled and was actually a raw water sample. All other samples taken from the Kyabram system on the same day, including the water tower immediately downstream of the treated water storage, contained no E. coli or coliforms. Follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. July 2006 Kilmore (Lower Disinfection plant A disinfection system fault was identifi ed via Goulburn Valley Water’s SCADA system. Elevation Areas) failure – Kilmore Water with low residual chlorine levels was supplied between 2:45am and 7:50am No.3 Reservoir on 31 July 2006. Disinfection was restored at about 7:50am the same day. Extensive microbiological testing was conducted with all follow-up samples free of coliforms and E. coli. Some fl ushing of the reticulation system was also undertaken. August 2006 Kilmore (Lower Disinfection plant The disinfection system fault was identifi ed via Goulburn Valley Water’s SCADA system. Elevation Areas) failure – Kilmore Water with low residual chlorine levels was supplied between 3:50am and 7:15am on No.3 Reservoir 1 August 2006. Disinfection was restored at about 7:15am on same day. Extensive microbiological testing was conducted with all follow-up samples free of coliforms and E. coli. October Kilmore (Lower Detection of An E. coli result of 12 organisms/100mL and a coliform result of 78 organisms/100mL 2006 Elevation Areas) Escherichia coli were detected at Kilmore No.3 Reservoir. There was an acceptable level of residual at Kilmore No.3 chlorine recorded at the time of sampling, and the monitoring systems confi rmed that Reservoir there was no break in disinfection. Samples collected in the reticulation on the same day and follow up samples collected at the reservoir contained no coliforms or E. coli. January Kilmore (Upper Disinfection plant There was a malfunction of the primary dosing system for re-disinfection of water 2007 Elevation Areas) failure – Kilmore leaving Kilmore No. 1 Reservoir. A back-up dosing system was still operating at the No.1 Reservoir time. Water with low residual chlorine levels was supplied from the evening of 7 January until the chlorination system was restored at 2:00pm on 8 January. In response to the incident, the reticulation system was fl ushed and microbiological testing conducted before and after the fl ushing operation. Testing conducted before the fl ushing detected E. coli in Kilmore No 1 Reservoir and in parts of the reticulation system. Samples collected following the incident response confi rmed zero E. coli throughout the Kilmore water quality zone. January Kilmore (Lower Disinfection plant An alarm was triggered on Goulburn Valley Water’s SCADA system and relayed to 2007 Elevation Areas) failure – Kilmore operational personnel who rectifi ed the problem. Water with low residual chlorine No.3 Reservoir levels was supplied between 7:15am and 8:30am on the 17 January 2007. The dosing system was reinstated immediately and microbiological testing was conducted, which confi rmed no E. coli or coliforms in the reticulation. May 2007 Euroa Widespread An operational control issue, leading to early cessation of road tankering implemented customer as part of Goulburn Valley Water’s drought response plan, resulted in water supply complaint to Euroa being interrupted between 7:30am and 11:00am on 4 May 2007. There was a potential risk of poor aesthetic water quality associated with the restoration of the service and subsequent water main fl ushing. Chlorine, turbidity and microbiological testing were conducted following the incident, confi rming that water supply was compliant with the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005. 64 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Date Supply Issue Action(s) May 2007 Kilmore (Upper Disinfection plant Goulburn Valley Water staff responded immediately to a SCADA system alarm at Elevation Areas) failure – Kilmore 1:30am, rectifying the system fault promptly. However, a subsequent malfunction of No.1 Reservoir the dosing system occurred at 5:30am which was not rectifi ed until 8:30am. Water with low chlorine residual was supplied between 5:30am and 8:30am on the 22 May 2007. The system was fl ushed and microbiological testing conducted before and after remedial works confi rmed that the water was free of E. coli. June 2007 Mooroopna Detection of An E. coli result of 1 organisms/100mL was obtained from a routine sample taken Escherichia coli in on 6 June 2007 from the Mooroopna treated water storage. Acceptable levels of entry point chlorine residuals were recorded at the time of sampling and Goulburn Valley Water SCDA system recorded no break in disinfection. It is likely that inadvertent external contamination of the sample was the cause. Follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. June 2007 Euroa Treatment plant On 12 June 2007 elevated turbidity levels were detected in the Euroa treated water failure storage. A malfunction of the pH control in the water treatment process between 10:00pm on the 12 June and 2:30am on the 13 June, resulted in poor removal of turbidity, and elevated pH. Turbidity in the clear water storage peaked at 15 NTU. Chlorine levels were maintained above 0.6 mg/L in the treated water storage for the duration of the incident. Production of treated water ceased until process pH levels were returned to normal. Following recommencement of treated water production the storage and reticulation system were fl ushed. The reticulation system was also sampled and tested for turbidity, pH, aluminium, residual chlorine and microbiological indicators during and after the incident. June 2007 Marysville Elevated chlorite Occasional elevated chlorite levels occurred as a result of the natural organic levels constituents of the water that react with the chlorine dioxide disinfectant used at Marysville water treatment plant. Ongoing monitoring and optimisation of the chlorine dioxide treatment process is being undertaken and provision has been made in the capital works program to upgrade this system in the future.

Of particular note in the table above were the reoccurring performance issues with the Kilmore re-chlorination systems. Goulburn Valley intends to address these through investment in a new 16 ML roofed treated water storage tank and chlorination system to replace the existing unroofed earthen storages and existing chlorinators. This system is planned to be completed in early 2008. More information on these events and incidents can be found in Goulburn Valley Water’s annual drinking water quality report. Goulburn Valley Water managed each incident in accordance with its emergency response protocols. Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints related to water quality that were recorded by Goulburn Valley Water during 2006–07 is provided in the table below.

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 population Discoloured water 274 0.53 Taste/odour 42 0.08 Blue water 1 <0.01 Air in water 13 0.03 Alleged illness 6 0.01 Other 19 0.04 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 65

The majority of complaints were isolated in nature and were generally resolved by mains fl ushing in the local area. ‘Discoloured water’ and ‘air in water’ complaints were higher this year than in previous years. This was primarily attributable to two signifi cant water quality events in Euroa in May and June 2007. Also implicated are the ongoing drought conditions which have prevented regular and systematic fl ushing of reticulation networks in some towns. Non-Drinking Water Supplies Goulburn Valley Water manages a number of non-potable (non-drinking) water supplies in its region. During the current reporting period, Goulburn Valley Water continued its program of community consultation prior to these town supplies being put forward for to the Minister for Health for declaration as regulated water in accordance with section 6 of the Safe Drinking Water Act. Goulburn Valley Water currently has robust risk management plans in place to ensure that customers are aware of the nature of the water, the purposes to which the water is suited and to prevent inadvertent consumption. The declaration of regulated water would bring these supplies within the state’s regulatory framework. 66 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water (GWM Water) Head offi ce: Horsham Localities supplied with drinking water: Ararat, Beulah, Birchip, Brim, Charlton, Dimboola, Donald, Edenhope, Great Western, , Haven, Hopetoun, Horsham, Jung, Lake Bolac, Lalbert, Manangatang, Minyip, Murrayville, Murtoa, Nullawil, , Pomonal, Quambatook, Rainbow, Rupanyup, , St Arnaud, Stawell, Ultima, , Warracknabeal, Watchem, Willaura, Woomelang and Wycheproof. Drinking water supplied to Horsham and Haven has been fl uoridated since November 2006. Drinking water supplies for Lake Bolac and Willaura commenced in March 2007. Towns and areas supplied with non-potable (non-drinking) water: Antwerp, Apsley, Berriwillock, Buangor, Chillingollah, Chinkapook, Clear Lake, Cowangie, Culgoa, Dooen, Elmhurst, Glenorchy, Goroke, Harrow, Jeparit, Kaniva, Kiata, Lascelles, Lillimur, Marnoo, Miram, Moyston, Nandaly, Natimuk, Nhill, Noradjuha,

Map 10: Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water

Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 67

Patchewollock, Pimpinio, Serviceton, Speed, Streatham, Tarranyurk, Tempy, Underbool, Waitchie, Westmere, Wickliffe, Yaapeet and a number of private diversion and irrigation schemes in the Wimmera Mallee region. The Murrayville water supply was declared as regulated water on 28 May 2007, prior to that date it was a drinking water supply. Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water also functions as a water storage manager under the Act, as it supplies untreated water to Coliban Water and Wannon Water. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 45,300. Performance against water quality standards (drinking water supplies only) Drinking water supplied in all localities by Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water during 2006–07 complied with the water quality standards, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standards # Trihalomethanes • Disinfected-only supplies to Beulah, Brim, Donald, Jung, Minyip, Nullawil, Rupanyup, Woomelang and Wycheproof. • Fully-treated supplies to Charlton, Dimboola, Hopetoun, Murtoa, Rainbow and Warracknabeal. Turbidity • Disinfected-only supplies to Brim, Jung, Lalbert, Manangatang, Minyip, Nullawil, Quambatook, Rupanyup, Sea Lake, Ultima and Woomelang

# Towns and areas supplied with non-potable (non-drinking) water are excluded from this table. Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water has advised that it does not use ozone-based chemicals in any of its supply systems. Consequently, sampling and analyses was not undertaken for either bromate and formaldehyde in 2006–07. These chemicals are not considered to be a risk in drinking water supplied by Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water. All incidents where E. coli was detected in drinking water were investigated and reported to the department. In general, this was caused by isolated instances where the disinfection system failed or was unable to cope with an adverse change in the quality of raw water, or where the sample was compromised in some way. Responses included short term boil water advisory notices being issued for supplies to Jung, Ultima, Nullawil and Watchem. Where drinking water supplies did not satisfy the standard for trihalomethanes or turbidity, Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water has advised that this was because they have limited control over disinfection by-products and turbidity in water supplies with no coagulation or fi ltration facilities. The dissolved organic carbon and other natural organic matter combines with the chlorine used to disinfect the water and create disinfection by-products, primarily trihalomethanes. This is an ongoing problem with the disinfection-only water supplies that presently source their water from the Wimmera-Mallee channel system. Several fully-treated water supplies also failed to satisfy the trihalomethane and turbidity standards. All of these water supplies source their water from the 68 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Wimmera-Mallee channel system. The levels of dissolved organic carbon and natural organic matter content in water sourced from the Grampians headworks continue to increase. This is a consequence of falling water levels in the headworks reservoirs and an inability to fl ush the channels prior to fi lling town storages. Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water has advised that this problem will not abate until either the headworks storages receive enough water to allow selective supply of the town storages during a channel run, or the commissioning of the Wimmera Mallee Pipeline. Whilst the failure to deliver drinking water that met the standards identifi ed above at all times and to all localities was undesirable, it should be noted that all of the instances of intermittent poor quality water were investigated by Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water, usually in conjunction with the department, to ensure that any risk to the quality of the supply was rapidly rectifi ed. These individual incident responses are listed in detail in Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water has advised that many of the water quality problems identifi ed in the supplies to these towns will be resolved once major works projects such as the Wimmera Mallee pipeline are completed. Nevertheless, these water supply systems are being monitored more closely, with the expectation that undertakings will be prepared for supplies to the towns listed above if the problems persist. As part of this process, the department accepted written undertakings from Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water in February 2007 that set out a number of interim and long term solutions to improve turbidity for drinking water supplied to Lalbert, Manangatang and Ultima. These undertakings are scheduled to conclude on 30 June 2009. It should be noted that all drinking water supplied by Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water to the region’s principal population centres of Ararat, Horsham, Ouyen, St Arnaud and Stawell during 2006–07 satisfi ed all standards. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance The water supply for Murrayville did not satisfy the health-related guideline value for arsenic (0.007 mg/L) set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004). The Murrayville ground water supply has a history of arsenic levels of up to 0.039 mg/L, although the levels for 2006/07 were more usually in the range 0.014 to 0.017 mg/L. Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water advised that the presence of arsenic in the Murrayville water supply was disclosed to residents through a consultation program in November 2005 and June 2007. As a result of the arsenic levels in the Murrayville water supply, the Minster for Health declared this water as regulated water, by notice in the Victoria Government gazette on 28 May 2007, until such time as the arsenic level can be shown to satisfy the health-related guideline value. The supplies to Willaura, Lake Bolac, Murrayville and Watchem are disinfected with chorine dioxide and are consequently tested for chlorite, a by-product of this type Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 69

of disinfection. Chlorite levels in the Murrayville supply exceeded the health-related guideline value of 0.3 mg/L on fi ve occasions during 2006–07 and in the Willaura and Lake Bolac supplies fi ve times since commissioning the drinking water supply in March 2007. Chlorite levels in the Watchem supply regularly exceeded 0.3 mg/L as a result of high levels of organic material in the channel-fed water supply. Results have ranged up to 12.0 mg/L. Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water has advised that the Watchem storage outlet was cleaned to reduce the quantity of organic material entering the reticulation. Watchem’s reticulation was air scoured during 2006–07 and operational changes were made to reduce chlorite levels. As the problems with the Watchem supply have persisted beyond the end of the 2006–07 year, the department advised Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water in December 2007 that it will recommend that the Watchem supply be declared as regulated water until such time as the water can comply with all quality standards for drinking water. The performance of the linked Willaura and Lake Bolac system will similarly be closely monitored during 2007–08, with a view to preparation of an undertaking for these supplies if the problems persist. Other than the matters identifi ed above relating to trihalomethanes, arsenic and chlorite, no other parameters measured by Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water in its drinking water quality monitoring program exceeded the relevant health-related guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. As indicated above, Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water also manages a large number of non-potable (non-drinking) water supplies in its region, including the supplies to Kaniva, Jeparit, Nhill and Natimuk. These water supplies are harvested from a range of sources including surface water and groundwater. The water is not put through any form of treatment and consequently is not fi t for drinking or food preparation. Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water has developed a program of community consultation that is designed to ensure that such non-drinking supplies are not consumed or confused with a drinking water supply and improvements are made where there is local community support for such improvements. Communication includes notices on customer invoices, regular newsletters and delivery of the ‘Living with an Untreated Water Supply’ pamphlet. The Minster for Health also declared water to 38 of these supplies as regulated water, by notice in the Victoria Government gazette on 29 June 2007. Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water is required to prepare and implement a risk management plan for each regulated water supply, in order to protect public health. For detailed water quality data, including data about other aesthetic characteristics of the water and data about non-drinking (regulated) water supplies, please refer to Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. 70 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) July 2006 Rupanyup Detection of E. coli in Reticulation system was fl ushed, resample test confi rmed no E. coli. drinking water July 2006 Brim, Horsham Samples for turbidity and Sampling procedures have been revised and documentation improved. E. coli collected from wrong location September 2006 Nullawil Chlorinator failure Boil Water notice issued to affected customers, chlorinators repaired within 24 hours September 2006 Wycheproof Blue green algae Storage taken off line and dosed, drinking water supplied from Birchip (Anabaena circinalis) then the Wycheproof channel detected in raw water storage October 2006 Watchem Chlorinator failure Boil Water notice issued to affected customers, chlorinators repaired within 24 hours November 2006 Quambatook Detection of E. coli Rectifi ed prior to notice of positive result from the laboratory. in drinking water and chlorinator failure December 2006 Jung Detection of E. coli Boil water notice issued, emergency drinking water trailer provided, in drinking water and resample test confi rmed no E. coli. chlorinator failure December 2006 Ultima Detection of E. coli in Boil water notice issued, emergency drinking water trailer provided, drinking water resample test confi rmed no E. coli. January 2007 Hopetoun Blue green algae Storage retested, only small numbers of potentially toxic algae. (Cylindrospermum) detected in raw water storage January 2007 Warracknabeal Blue green algae detected Storage taken off line until bloom dissipated. in raw water storage February 2007 Hopetoun Blue green algae Storage treated and taken off line until bloom dissipated. (Microcystis) detected in raw water storage February 2007 Watchem Detection of E. coli in Reticulation system was fl ushed, resample test confi rmed no E. coli. drinking water February Quambatook, Rupanyup, Samples not analysed Sampling procedures have been revised and documentation improved. – March 2007 Woomelang

For further information on the water quality incidents and events listed above, including numerous incidents relating to high levels of trihalomethanes, chlorite or turbidity, please refer to Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 71

Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints related to water quality that were recorded by Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water during 2006–07 is provided in the table below. Data for towns supplied with non-potable (non-drinking) water is excluded from this table but is disclosed in Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water’s annual drinking water quality report.

Complaint Category Number of Complaints (#) Number of Complaints per 100 customers Discoloured water 4 0.015 Taste/odour 1 0.004 Blue water 0 0 Air in water 0 0 Suspected illness 0 0 Other 7 0.027

# Data for towns and areas supplied with non-potable (non-drinking) water is excluded from this table. As in 2005–06, Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water has advised that the number of water quality complaints is well below the threshold for triggering a strategic response to the issue. The ‘other’ complaints in drinking water supplies are dominated by concerns about high salinity levels. This has an adverse impact on customer’s hot water systems in some areas. 72 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Lower Murray Water Head offi ce: Localities supplied with drinking water: Irymple, , Koondrook, Lake Boga, , Mildura, Murrabit, , , , Red Cliffs, , Swan Hill and Woorinen South. Drinking water supplied to Robinvale is fl uoridated. Towns and areas supplied with non-potable (non-drinking) water: , and (the Millewa system), irrigation schemes in the region and Robinvale and private diverters from Nyah to the South Australia border. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 54,430 Map 11: Lower Murray Water

Performance against water quality standards (drinking water supplies only) Drinking water supplied in all localities by Lower Murray Water during 2006–07 complied with the water quality standards. Lower Murray Water has advised that it does not use ozone-based chemicals in any of its water supply systems. Ozone-based disinfection by-products such as bromate and formaldehyde are not considered to be a risk in drinking water supplied by Lower Murray Water. Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 73

Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance No other parameters measured by Lower Murray Water as part of its drinking water quality monitoring program exceeded the relevant health-related guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. As indicated above, Lower Murray Water manages a number of non-potable (non- drinking) water supplies in its region. Lower Murray Water has developed a program of public signage and customer consultation that is designed to ensure that such non-drinking supplies are not consumed or confused with a drinking water supply. Following consultation between the Department of Human Services and Lower Murray Water, the Minister for Health declared the water supplied by Lower Murray Water to the Millewa water supply system as regulated water as per section 6 of the Act. The declaration was gazetted in the Victoria Government Gazette on 15 February 2007. Details of Lower Murray Water’s risk management activities for its non-potable supplies are summarised in its annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. For detailed water quality data, including data about other aesthetic characteristics of the water, please also refer to Lower Murray Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, no water quality incidents or events were reported. Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints related to water quality that were recorded by Lower Murray Water during 2006–07 is provided in the table below.

Complaint Category Number of Complaints No. of Complaints per 100 customers Discoloured water 9 0.03 Taste/odour 26 0.09 Blue water 0 0 Air in water 0 0 Suspected illness 0 0 Other 4 0.01

The number of complaints for the reporting period has decreased signifi cantly compared to 2005–06, when a higher number of complaints arose from the taste and odour event that was experienced in the Mildura and Red Cliffs supplies in May and June 2006. The discoloured water complaints in 2006–07 were generally due to instances when there had been burst mains or other works being carried out in the reticulation. Lower Murray Water addressed these by fl ushing mains in the areas concerned. 74 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Melbourne Water Head offi ce: East Melbourne Water suppliers serviced: City West Water, South East Water, Yarra Valley Water and Western Water (treated drinking water) and Gippsland Water (untreated water). Map 12: Melbourne Water

Overview Melbourne Water is unique amongst the dedicated water storage managers in Victoria, in that it not only stores and manages raw water that will eventually be used for drinking water, but it also treats this water to a drinking standard, and then distributes this treated water to four water suppliers, the three Melbourne metropolitan retail companies (City West Water, South East Water and Yarra Valley Water), and parts of Western Water. Melbourne Water, therefore, provides water treatment services to approximately 80% of Victoria’s population. Given the complexity of the metropolitan drinking water distribution system, and the volumes of water being moved through the system (Melbourne Water annually distributes approximately 412 gigalitres (GL) of treated water) there will always be challenges in managing the system. The complexity of this challenge continued this year with the ongoing drought conditions. Water quality incidents and events in treated/disinfected water Under the reporting protocol developed between Melbourne Water and the three Map prepared by, and used metropolitan retail companies, and agreed upon by the department, Melbourne with the permission of, Water reports failures of, or incidents with, its assets or infrastructure to the Melbourne Water Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 75

department, and the retailers report instances of customer complaints or failures of any infrastructure that they manage. Incident or events that resulted in customer complaints are detailed in the summaries for the retail companies. During the reporting period Melbourne Water had no incidents that required reporting to the department under section 22 of the Safe Drinking Water Act. City West Water, in its annual report to the department, noted one instance of a temporary failure of Melbourne Water’s Greenvale/St Albans chlorinator. In this case, the undisinfected water was captured and directed back into Greenvale Reservoir for further treatment before being supplied to the public. As no public health risk existed the outage was not reportable to the department. During the past two reporting periods Melbourne Water had several instances of primary treatment failure, with outages recorded at several of its chlorinators. It is pleasing to note that Melbourne Water has been able to improve the reliability of its treatment facilities during the current reporting period. The only other issue of note to occur was the turbidity event that commenced at the end of the reporting period. The same June 2007 rain event that caused fl ooding in the Gippsland region also caused extremely turbid infl ows into the Upper Yarra Reservoir, which is one of the major raw water storages for the Melbourne metropolitan area. During the following week the turbidity of the water leaving the reservoir outlet began to increase and stayed high for a number of weeks. In mid July 2007, in response to information from Melbourne Water that they could not guarantee that their water treatment plants in the Upper Yarra Valley would continue to operate normally with such highly turbid water, the department requested Yarra Valley Water to issue a boil water notice to their customers in the Upper Yarra Valley Townships of East Warburton, Warburton, Woori Yallock and Yarra Junction and adjacent areas. The turbidity in the reservoir has been reducing since late July and on 14 August 2007 the boil water notice was lifted. In response to this Melbourne Water has approved the installation of fi ve small, package media-fi ltration plants to treat the turbid water to a standard that will enable effective disinfection of the water should similar incidents occur in the future. As the majority of this turbidity incident occurred in the 2007–08 reporting period, a more detailed description of the event will be included in the next annual report. The complexity of the metropolitan system raises a number of operational issues with regard to the management of water quality. Melbourne Water and the water suppliers that it supplies have an effective working relationship, where water quality incidents are managed through a multi-agency approach. The effectiveness of this relationship is demonstrated by the fact that all but one of the water sampling localities across the metropolitan area complied with the water quality standards during the reporting period. 76 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

North East Water Head offi ce: Wodonga Water Quality Zones supplied with drinking water: Barnawartha, Beechworth High Level, Beechworth Low Level, Bellbridge, Benalla, Bright, Bundalong, Chiltern, Corryong High Level, Corryong Low Level, Cudgewa, Dartmouth, Devenish, Ebden/Baranduda Low Level, Glenrowan, Goorambat, Harrietville, Kiewa, Moyhu, Mount Beauty, Myrtleford, Oxley, Porepunkah, Rutherglen, Springhurst, St James, Tallangatta, Tangambalanga, Tawonga, Tungamah, Wahgunyah, Walwa, Wandiligong, Wangaratta, Whitfi eld, Wodonga Baranduda High Level, Wodonga High Level, Wodonga Logic Centre, Wodonga Low Level, Yackandandah, Yarrawonga. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 99,500 Map 13: North East Water

s Water Services

n Water & Sewerage Services Approximate Boundaries of Regional Urban Water Authorities 020406080100

Kilometres G/6442

Walwa Tabletop s Yarrawonga n n Rutherglen Bundalong n Barnawartha Wodonga Tungamah VALLEY n n n Bellbridge Ovens Chiltern s n KIEWA Lake Hume Corryong s n St James Springhurst Cudgewa n s s nn Tallangatta Devenish Yackandandah Kiewa Tangam- Mitta HIGHWAY Wangaratta Kiewa s Beechworth n balanga n n Brokens River NORTH EAST Goorambat sOxley VALLEY Mitta s OVENS Glenrowan River Lake King Myrtleford Dartmouth n Moyhu n n Baddaginne Benalla s HIGHWAY HWY. Dartmouth

River sTawonga FREEWAY s River Porepunkah nTawonga South Lima East Whitfield n n OMEO s Bright Mt.Beauty

HIGHWAY

Goulburn Valley Harrietvilles Falls Creek Lake Buchan River Hotham Heights Omeo

n Lake Eildon Omeo

Mt. Buller River

East Gippsland Central Gippsland

Assessment against drinking water standards All drinking water localities complied with the drinking water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard Escherichia coli Myrtleford Aluminium Beechworth – High Level, Beechworth – Low Level, Glenrowan

Map prepared by, and used with The challenges for North East Water remain the management of non-compliances the permission of, Department of with the E. coli standard and the aluminium standard. Sustainability and Environment Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 77

Non-compliance with the E. coli standard North East Water manages three supplies (Mount Beauty/Tawonga South/Tawonga, Myrtleford and Whitfi eld) where an alternative to chlorine disinfection is used at the request of the resident communities. The Mount Beauty/Tawonga South/Tawonga water supply system is disinfected with ozone, the Myrtleford water supply system is disinfected with ultraviolet (UV) light and Whitfi eld is disinfected with UV light and chlorine dioxide. The lack of residual disinfection is an ongoing issue, with E. coli detections occurring in all three supplies during the reporting period. Some of the detections in the Whitfi eld and Mount Beauty/Tawonga South/Tawonga supply systems occurred while untreated water was put into the systems to assist fi re fi ghting efforts during the 2006–07 alpine bushfi res. As the detections at this time were the result of the introduction of raw water into these systems, it was agreed that they did not refl ect normal operation and were subsequently excluded from the compliance data set. Not all E. coli detections occurred at this time, indicating that a lack of chlorine residual makes these supplies vulnerable to recontamination after primary treatment. In July 2006 North East Water permanently implemented the use of chlorine gas as a residual disinfectant in the Corryong system and for the current reporting period no E. coli detections were recorded in either the Corryong high and low level water sampling localities. The implementation of chlorine into these localities formed the basis of an undertaking. North East Water has continued to consult with the local communities in relation to the non-compliances and other treatment options for the Mt Beauty and Myrtleford supply systems. The Drinking Water Regulatory Section has attended a number of these meetings to respond to regulatory issues from the Community Reference Groups. During the reporting period North East Water commissioned an independent consultant to undertake extensive reviews of both the Myrtleford and Mt Beauty systems, with a view to fi nding a permanent solution to the E. coli non-compliances in these systems. Non-compliance with the aluminium standard North East Water continued to optimise their water treatment processes to reduce the amount of acid-soluble aluminium that was being carried over into the treated water. The ongoing drought contributed to the diffi culties in treating the available raw water adequately without having aluminium carried over to the fi nal water. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance. Non-compliances with the chlorite health-related guideline value, as detailed in the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, were detected in the Whitfi eld supply. The guideline value for chlorite is 0.3 mg/L, and a maximum value of 0.49 mg/L was recorded in the Whitfi eld supply. Four of the monthly samples collected during the reporting period exceeded the guideline value. 78 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

North East Water has undertaken signifi cant infrastructure works, including a new fi ltration system, to improve the effectiveness of the Whitfi eld water treatment plant. These works will be completed and commissioned during the 2007–08 reporting period. In the locality of Springhurst there were four exceedances of the health-related guideline value for manganese (0.5 mg/L), with a maximum result of 2.1 mg/L being recorded in January 2007. Elevated levels of manganese were present in the raw water during January 2007. Response actions undertaken by North East Water included pre-oxidation with chlorine and plant optimisation works. Elevated manganese remains a signifi cant ongoing issue in the Springhurst locality. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) September 2006 Dartmouth E. coli detection Chlorine dose rate adjusted for alternative raw water source. Tanks dosed with (1 org/100mL) sodium hypochlorite. Retest results clear September 2006 Dartmouth Elevated chlorine Chlorine dose rate readjusted. Tanks drained (4.1 mg/L) October 2006 Tawonga E. coli detection Retest results clear (1 org/100mL) November 2006 Myrtleford E. coli detection Retest results positive (2 org/100mL) November 2006 Myrtleford E. coli detection Retested positive, monitoring regime widened (4 org/100mL) November 2006 Myrtleford E. coli detections Reticulation fl ushed and investigations continued 10 org/100mL & 2 orgs/100mL) December 2006 Whitfi eld High fl ow through UV Boil Water Notice implemented via media release, announcement at public (fi re) plant due to bushfi re meeting and posted on website. threat. December 2006 Myrtleford E. coli detection Area fl ushed, investigation via doorknock in area (1 org/100mL) December 2006 Harrietville E. coli detection Boil Water Notice implemented via media release. Retest results clear (120 orgs/100mL) December 2006 Whitfi eld E. coli detection Boil Water Notice already in force due to bushfi re threat (100 orgs/100mL) December 2006 Mt Beauty & E. coli detection Raw water fed into reticulation due to bushfi re threat. Boil Water Notice Tawonga (1 org/100mL) implemented via media release E. coli detection (7 orgs/100mL) December 2006 Tawonga E. coli detection Boil Water Notice already in force due to bushfi re threat (1 org/100mL) December 2006 Whitfi eld E. coli detection Boil Water Notice already in force due to bushfi re threat (1 org/100mL) January 2007 Myrtleford E. coli detection Retested positive, monitoring regime widened (3 orgs/100mL) January 2007 Springhurst Elevated manganese Plant optimisation to treat manganese in the raw water Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 79

Date Supply Issue Action(s) January 2007 Myrtleford E. coli detections in Boil Water Notice implemented via media release reticulation January 2007 Mt Beauty & E. coli detections in Plant fault rectifi ed. Retest results clear Tawonga reticulation February 2007 Whitfi eld Elevated Chlorite No action due to planned installation of fi ltration system (0.49 mg/L) and Elevated Chlorate (0.58 mg/L) February 2007 Wahgunyah & Blue-green algae Plant fl ow rate reduced, backwashing frequency increased, polyelectrolyte dose Rutherglen detection increased, toxin test results clear February 2007 Wandiligong E. coli detection Wandiligong tanks dosed with sodium hypochlorite, retest results clear (3 orgs/100mL) February 2007 Benalla Elevated manganese Potassium permanganate and soda ash dosing of the raw water implemented at (1 mg/L) Benalla Water Treatment Plant February 2007 Myrtleford E. coli detection Retested positive, monitoring regime widened (1 org/100mL) February 2007 Tawonga E. coli detection Retested positive, monitoring regime widened (1 org/100mL) at Water Treatment Plant February 2007 Springhurst Elevated manganese Accumulation in water mains from previous elevated manganese. Flushing program (1.2 mg/L) suspended due to low water availability February 2007 Whitfi eld E. coli detection Retest results clear (2 org/100mL) March 2007 Beechworth E. coli detection Retest results clear (1 org/100mL) at water treatment plant March 2007 Mt Beauty & E. coli detections Retest results clear Tawonga (1 org/100mL & 2 orgs/100mL) April 2007 Tangambalanga E. coli detection Retest results clear (1 org/100mL) May 2007 Myrtleford E. coli detection Retest results clear (1 org/100mL) June 2006 Whitfi eld Elevated Chlorite No action due to planned installation of fi ltration system (0.46 mg/L) June 2006 Springhurst Elevated manganese Accumulation in water mains from previous elevated manganese. Flushing program (0.68 mg/L) suspended due to low water availability June 2006 Mt Beauty E. coli detection Retest results clear (1 org/100mL)

All incidents in the above table were reported under section 22 of the Act. As with previous reporting period the majority of the section 22 notifi cations (66 per cent) occurred in the supplies using non-chlorine disinfectants. 80 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of customer complaints received by North East Water during 2006–07 are shown in the following table:

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 Population Discoloured water 84 0.084 Taste and odour 22 0.022 Blue water 0 0 Air in water 0 0 Alleged illness 4 0.004 Other 37 0.037 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 81

Parks Victoria Parks Victoria provides water to 260 sites within the areas it manages across Victoria. During the 2006–07 reporting period Parks Victoria provided water of a drinking water standard to fi ve of these 260 sites. These fi ve sites were declared water sampling localities effective of 1 July 2006. The fi ve localities and their associated water treatment barriers are summarised in the table below.

Water sampling locality Water Treatment Processes Lightstation Sedimentation and reverse osmosis Lakeside/Candlebark Campground Water sourced from Goulburn Valley Water mains and (Lake Eildon National Park) piped into primary and secondary storage tanks Twelve Apostles Water sourced from Wannon Water into underground storage tanks Tidal River Conventional treatment and disinfection water treatment plant, incorporating aluminium chlorohydrate and sodium hypochlorite. Wilsons Promontory Lightstation Sedimentation and fi ltration of rainwater

The decision to supply drinking water to only these fi ve sites was based on the fi ndings of an audit process undertaken by Parks Victoria which used the following the criteria: • visitor numbers • visitor expectations • current infrastructure (service level) • site prominence • cost implications for water quality monitoring. Assessment against drinking water standards (drinking water supplies only) All water sampling localities complied with the drinking water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard E. coli Lakeside/Candlebark Campground (Lake Eildon National Park), Wilsons Promontory Lightstation Turbidity Wilsons Promontory Lightstation Aluminium Tidal River

With regard to the E. coli detection at Lakeside/Candlebark Campground, investigations by Parks Victoria indicated that the problem may have arisen from water sitting dormant in storage tank for an extended period of time that allowed chlorine residual levels to drop to a level where disinfection was no longer effective. The tank was chlorinated and no further detections occurred. In response to this the risk management plan for this locality was reviewed. With regard to the E. coli detection at the Wilsons Promontory Lightstation, after the detection the storage tank was treated with sodium hypochlorite. A re-sample was taken which returned a negative result for the presence of E. coli. 82 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

In the case of the turbidity non-compliance at Wilsons Promontory Lightstation, the issue is believed to have resulted from one of the sampling points sourcing its water from a separate tank. As this sampling point was isolated from the reticulation system to which the other sampling points were connected, Parks Victoria decommissioned the sampling point, and appropriately labelled it a non-drinking water point. Three non-compliant acid-soluble aluminium results were recorded in the Tidal River locality during the reporting period. Aluminium non-compliance remained a sporadic, ongoing issue for the Tidal River locality. In response to this Parks Victoria commissioned upgrade works and initiated amended chemical dosing at the Tidal River Water Treatment Plant. After the works were completed, no further aluminium non-compliances were recorded. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) February 2007 Lakeside/Candlebark E. coli detection Water sitting dormant in storage tank for an extended period of time allowed Campground (Lake Eildon chlorine residual levels to drop to a level where disinfection was no longer National Park) effective. The tank was chlorinated and no further detections occurred In response to this the risk management plan for this locality was reviewed March 2007 Wilsons Promontory E. coli detection Tank was treated with sodium hypochlorite. Repeat sample returned a Lightstation negative result for the presence of E. coli

All incidents were reported under Section 22 of the Act. Other water quality issues Weather conditions and limited access by plane and boat created diffi culties for timely sampling at the Gabo Island Lightstation. The kitchen sink water supplies at the guest cottages have been fi tted with a reverse osmosis unit, and the rainwater supply at the tractor shed is being maintained as a contingency water supply. Customer complaints related to water quality There were no customer complaints related to water quality lodged with Parks Victoria Non-drinking water sites Parks Victoria manages a large number of sites where the water supply is not intended for drinking. These include: • camp sites with a single tank • kiosks managed by a lessee • accommodation premises managed by lessees • taps in car parks and picnic areas. Parks Victoria has developed a set of risk management strategies to prevent the inadvertent consumption of water not intended for drinking. They include: • installation of appropriate signage at all sites where the water is not intended for drinking Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 83

• lease agreements with the lessees managing food and accommodation premises to ensure they are aware of the intended purpose of the water they receive, and of their obligations under other legislation such as the Food Act 1984 and the Health Act 1958 (accommodation) • ensuring obligations to staff under occupational health and safety legislation are met in relation to drinking water at remote offi ces • formation of a Safe Drinking Water Working Group, with representation from each of the fi ve Parks Victoria regions and the Commercial Services Division • development of a Parks Victoria Park Note “Water – Make it Safe to Drink” in collaboration with the Department of Human Services. The note is available from Parks Victoria offi ces, on the Parks Victoria website and the DHS Better Health Channel. Mineral springs Parks Victoria also manages a number of mineral springs in Central Victoria, chiefl y in the Hepburn Regional Park and Castlemaine Diggings National Heritage Park. At several of these springs, facilities and infrastructure encourage visitors to drink spring water for the health benefi ts that it is believed to provide. During the 2006–07 reporting period, monitoring of mineral water quality, including testing for microbiological contamination, was carried out for Parks Victoria under an informal arrangement by the Victorian Mineral Water Committee. Any failure to comply with required standards was reported to the department as if these locations were declared water sampling localities. Contaminated mineral springs were also closed until retesting demonstrated that the contamination had been removed. Under this arrangement, the following E. coli detections were reported to the department by Parks Victoria during the reporting period.

January 2007 Sailors Flat Mineral Spring May 2007 Tipperary Mineral Spring May 2007 Saliors Falls Pump June 2007 Argyl Springs

While Parks Victoria considers current monitoring and management arrangements for mineral springs are effective at managing risks to public health, formal compliance with all aspects of the Safe Drinking Water Act has yet to be achieved and long term management arrangements for mineral springs managed by Parks Victoria are still under discussion. While wishing to avoid impacting on the viability of the associated tourism industry, Parks Victoria recognises that a more appropriate management model is required to ensure public health. It is likely that during the 2007–08 reporting period, several springs will be declared as water sampling localities and risk management plans prepared for them. 84 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

South East Water Head offi ce: Moorabbin Localities supplied with drinking water: Balnarring, Bayswater, Beaumaris, Belgrave, Berwick, Bittern, Brighton/Heatherton, Bunyip, Carrum Downs, Caulfi eld, Chelsea, Cora Lynn, Cranbourne, Dandenong, Dandenong North, Devon Meadows, Dromana, Ferntree Gully, Frankston, Frankston South, Garfi eld, Hallam, Hastings, Karingal, Koo Wee Rup, Lang Lang, Moorooduc, Mordialloc, Mornington, Mount Martha, Pakenham, Rowville, Rye, Shoreham, Somerville, South Melbourne, Tynong, Upper Beaconsfi eld and Wantirna (please refer to Appendix J for a list of all individual suburbs supplied). All drinking water supplies are fl uoridated. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 1,421,030 Towns and areas supplied with non-potable (non-drinking) water: A small number of customers receive water from an open channel system supplied from the Bunyip and Tarago Rivers. This water is untreated and used for stock and domestic purposes. Map 14: South East Water

Performance against water quality standards Drinking water supplied in all localities by South East Water during 2006–07 complied with the water quality standards. South East Water has advised that the chemicals derived from disinfection or treatment with ozone (bromate and formaldehyde) were not tested for since South East Water does not use this form of treatment. Aluminium levels were monitored in the South Melbourne locality, as water supplied to this locality was treated with Map prepared by, and used aluminium based chemicals, but not in other localities where the water was not with the permission of, treated with aluminium based chemicals. South East Water Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 85

Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance Manganese was detected in one water sample from Frankston at a level exceeding the health-related guideline value of 0.5 mg/L set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004). This sample was taken in February 2007. All previous and subsequent manganese results at the same site, and in all localities supplied from , have been considerably less than the guideline value, typically in the range 0.002 to 0.007 mg/L. The high result was considered by South East Water to be an outlier which was not representing the true level of manganese in the drinking water – no reason for the high result could be determined. Other than the manganese detection described above, no other parameters measured by South East Water as part of its drinking water quality monitoring program exceeded the relevant health-related guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. As indicated above, a small number of customers receive untreated water from an open channel system supplied from the Bunyip and Tarago Rivers. South East Water has advised that each customer receiving such water has an individual supply agreement with South East Water to provide them water and that the agreement specifi cally states that the water supplied is not fi t for human consumption. For detailed water quality data, including data about other aesthetic characteristics of the water, please refer to South East Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents were reported:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) January 2007 Rye Detection of E. coli in drinking water. System inspected, follow-up samples collected were clear. February 2007 Cranbourne Detection of E. coli in water from new The existing and new mains were fl ushed and three subdivision development. resamples taken the following day were clear. March 2007 Dromana Detection of E. coli in drinking water. System inspected, follow-up samples collected were clear. April 2007 Port Melbourne Detection of E. coli in drinking water. System inspected, follow-up samples collected were clear. April 2007 Chelsea Widespread public complaint – chlorine Mechanical failure at local chlorination plant was repaired. taste and odour April 2007 Narre Warren South Widespread public complaint – dirty water Burst water main repaired and mains recharged. May 2007 Chelsea Detection of E. coli in water from the System inspected, follow-up samples collected were clear. storage. May 2007 Mordialloc Detection of E. coli in drinking water. System inspected, follow-up samples collected were clear. May 2007 Doveton Detection of E. coli in drinking water. System inspected, follow-up samples collected were clear.

For further information on the water quality incidents listed above please refer to South East Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. 86 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints related to water quality that were recorded by South East Water during 2006–07 is provided in the table below.

Complaint Category Number of Complaints No. of Complaints per 100 customers Discoloured water 711 0.115 Taste/odour 213 0.035 Blue water 32 0.005 Air in water 78 0.013 Suspected illness 7 0.001 Other 99 0.016

The majority of discoloured water quality complaints were caused by an increase in the fl ow of water through the main and through the disturbance or resuspension of fi ne sediment material from the source water that can settle in the main during periods of low fl ow. This increase in discoloured water complaints was attributed by South East Water to a few burst water main events caused by third parties. The most signifi cant incident occurred in April 2007 and was caused by a burst water main in Narre Warren South. In April 2007, the Chelsea and Dandenong North localities experienced elevated numbers of taste and odour complaints. In Chelsea there was a signifi cant increase in complaints because of a failure in the secondary disinfection dosing. The Dandenong North locality event was caused by source water changes in the Mount View Reservoir distribution system. The source water change affected the fl ow direction and consequently the water quality, with customers reporting a change to the taste of the water. The system changes were later returned to normal. The ‘Other’ category water quality complaints were either from industrial customers seeking information on water quality results for their area or residential customers with general enquiries about water quality such as blackening of kettles and issues with aquariums. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 87

South Gippsland Water Head offi ce: Foster Localities supplied with drinking water: Alberton, Cape Paterson, Dumbalk, Fish Creek, Foster, Inverloch, Koonwarra, Korumburra, Leongatha, Lance Creek, Loch, Meeniyan, Nyora, Poowong, Port Franklin, Port Welshpool, Toora, Wonthaggi and Yarram. The Lance Creek locality was monitored for the fi rst time in 2006/07. The Yarram locality includes Devon North, the Alberton locality includes Port Albert and the Port Welshpool locality includes Welshpool. South Gippsland Water also functions as a water storage manager under the Act, as it supplies water from Lance Creek Reservoir to Westernport Water at Candowie Reservoir. This supply is untreated. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 24,380 Map 15: South Gippsland Water

Performance against water quality standards Drinking water supplied in all localities by South Gippsland Water during 2006–07 complied with the water quality standards, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standards Map prepared by, and used with Trihalomethanes Wonthaggi, Lance Creek, Cape Paterson, Dumbalk the permission of, Department of Aluminium Leongatha Sustainability and Environment 88 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

South Gippsland Water has advised that as it does not use ozone for treatment or disinfection of drinking water chemicals such as bromate and formaldehyde, which are derived from the use of ozone, are not likely to be present in the drinking water and therefore were not sampled and analysed during 2006–07. South Gippsland Water has implemented a number of responses to individual high results for trihalomethanes detected in the Wonthaggi, Lance Creek, Cape Paterson and Dumbalk supplies in April and May 2007. These responses are set out in their annual drinking water quality report and include improvements to chemical dosing levels, operation of powdered activated carbon at Lance Creek reservoir and introduction of aeration to remove volatile organic compounds. The high results for trihalomethanes did not pose a risk to public health. In May 2007 the Department accepted written undertakings from South Gippsland Water that set out a number of longer term solutions for these supplies, including replacing chlorination with chloramination for the Lance Creek, Wonthaggi, Cape Paterson and Inverloch supplies. The undertakings are scheduled to conclude on 1 April 2009. South Gippsland Water has also implemented a number of responses to individual high results for aluminium detected in six samples in Leongatha in February and March 2007. These responses are set out in their annual drinking water quality report and include improvements to the pH and reviewing the operation of the water treatment plant supplying Leongatha. The high results for aluminium did not pose a risk to health. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance No other parameters measured by South Gippsland Water as part of its drinking water quality monitoring program exceeded the relevant health-related guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. For detailed water quality data, including data about other aesthetic characteristics of the water and details on South Gippsland Water’s undertakings, please refer to South Gippsland Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) November 2006 Foster water storage Detection of E. coli Disinfection system and storage inspected, follow-up samples were in drinking water clear of E. coli. November 2006 Fish Creek water storage Detection of E. coli Disinfection system and storage inspected, follow-up samples were in drinking water clear of E. coli. November 2006 Toora water storage Detection of E. coli Disinfection system and storage inspected, follow-up samples were in drinking water clear of E. coli. January 2007 Korumburra distribution system Detection of E. coli System inspected and fl ushed, follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. in drinking water January 2007 Alberton distribution system Detection of E. coli System inspected and fl ushed, follow-up samples collected which in drinking water were clear of E. coli. May 2007 Loch distribution system Detection of E. coli System inspected and fl ushed and roof replaced on Loch water storage in drinking water tower. Follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 89

For further information on the water quality incidents and events listed above, please refer to South Gippsland Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. In addition to the incidents listed above, an algal bloom event was reported in February 2007 for Poowong Reservoir. During this incident the toxic fi lamentous blue-green algae, Anabaena circinalis, was observed at cell count levels of approximately 60,000 cells/mL. South Gippsland Water advised that they monitored algal levels in the reservoir, notifi ed major customers in the water sampling localities, destratifi ed the reservoir, dosed the reservoir with algicide and with powdered activated carbon to minimise taste and odour and ensured that the affected reservoir water was not released to the environment. Following implementation of the incident response processes, levels of the observed blue-green algae were controlled and reduced in the reservoir. South Gippsland Water advised that additional toxicity testing conducted throughout the incident indicate that saxitoxin levels did not exceed the analytical detection limit of 2 ug/L. Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints related to water quality that were recorded by South Gippsland Water during 2006–07 is provided in the table below.

Complaint Category Number of Complaints No. of Complaints per 100 customers Discoloured water 157 0.91 Taste/odour 13 0.08 Blue water 0 0 Air in water 0 0 Suspected illness 0 0 Other 8 0.05

Discoloured water complaints primarily resulted from: • High manganese levels that exist naturally in the soils around South Gippsland that are washed down to surface water reservoirs and rivers. • Accumulation of sediment. • Scouring of mains following high fl ows or recharging of the system. South Gippsland Water has advised that scheduled air scouring and fl ushing programs were progressively implemented within all water sampling localities to remove manganese and accumulated sediment. Potassium permanganate dosing systems have been introduced at all water treatment plants to oxidise and remove soluble manganese from source waters. 90 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Southern Rural Water Head offi ce: Maffra Water Suppliers serviced: Gippsland Water and Western Water (untreated water). Major water storages: • Gippsland Region – Glenmaggie, Blue Rock Lake • Western Region – Merrimu, Pykes Creek and Rosslynne Map 16: Southern Rural Water

Campaspe River Ovens River Upper Murray River

Loddon River Goulburn River MACEDON! ! Mitchell River Maribynong! River Tambo River ! GISBORNE

MYRNIONG !

Werribee! River! Legend BACCHUS MARSH Thomson River

Localities Moorabool River GLENMAGGIE Tunnels ! ! COONGULLA MAFFRA Victoria Boundary HEYFIELD! ! COWWARR! STRATFORD ! Storages WILLOW GROVE TOONGABBIE ! ! River Catchments Barwon River Bunyip River Latrobe River MOE Proclaimed Catchments !

Otway Coast

South Gippsland

Map produced by Southern Rural Water. 02040608010 Source and Accuracy For further information contact: (03) 5139 3100. Base information is primarily sourced from data supplied Kilometres and used with the permission of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria. Date: Thursday, 19 January 2006 Care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this 1 map, however Southern Rural Water does not accept Map Projection: GDA_1994_VICGRID94 Produced By: Isabelle Gabas responsibility for any errors or omissions.

Overview Southern Rural Water supplies untreated raw water to Gippsland Water and Western Water. These water suppliers then treat the raw water for use as drinking water. Southern Rural Water manages their water storages so as to optimise the quality of raw water.

Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Southern Rural Water Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 91

Water quality events and incidents The following water quality incidents occurred during the 2006 – 2007 reporting period. The Gippsland Region experienced the majority of incidents, which comprised of blue-green algal blooms, fl ooding and stock issues. Incidents occurring in the Western Region were all related to blue-green algal blooms.

Date Supply Issue Actions Gippsland Region December 2006 Blue Rock Lake (Supplies water Blue-green algal Monitoring frequency increased and warning signs erected. Three to February for the township of Willow bloom media releases issued and notifi cations made to Gippsland Water and 2007 Grove) regulatory agencies. February 2007 Blue Rock Lake (Supplies water Dead cows Three days of investigation showed that there was no public health for the township of Willow and sick stock threat from the water supplied. Tests carried out on tributaries and Grove) presenting were clear for blue-green algae. Notifi cations made to Gippsland Water, respiratory Baw Baw Shire Council and regulatory agencies. Final veterinary report diffi culties established the cause as Infectious Bovine Rhinotrachetitis. February 2006 Lake Glenmaggie (Supplies Blue-green algal Algal monitoring frequency was increased and regular notifi cations to November water for the townships of bloom were made to Gippsland Water and regulatory agencies. Gippsland 2006 Coongulla and Glenmaggie) Water organised additional treatment, alternative supplies, and other activities such as media releases regarding quality of drinking water. February 2007 Thomson River and Cowwarr Debris from fl ash Increased monitoring prior to and during the fl ood. Monitoring was in to March 2007 Weir (Supplies water for fl ooding following conjunction with Gippsland Water and results were shared across both the township of Heyfi eld, bushfi res businesses. Toongabbie and Cowwarr) February 2007 Lake Glenmaggie and Dirty water from Increased monitoring prior to and during the fl ood. Monitoring was in to March 2007 Macalister River (Supplies fl ash fl ooding conjunction with Gippsland Water and results were shared across both water for the townships of following bushfi res businesses. Gippsland Water provided an alternate source of treated Coongulla, Glenmaggie, Maffra, water to Coongulla and Glenmaggie. The volume of water released from Stratford and Boisdale) Lake Glenmaggie was reduced to decrease the water quality impacts downstream near the Maffra off-take. Local water restrictions and community announcements over the period. June 2007 Lake Glenmaggie and Major Flood Flood warning released by Southern Rural Water on 27 June to Macalister River (Supplies stakeholders when levels within Lake Glenmaggie indicated fl ooding water for the townships of was imminent. Ongoing high turbidity levels in the water released from Coongulla, Glenmaggie, Maffra, Lake Glenmaggie Stratford and Boisdale) June 2007 Thomson River and Cowwarr Major Flood Flood warning released by Southern Rural Water on 27 June to Weir (Supplies water for stakeholders when fl ows at Cowwarr Weir indicated fl ooding was the township of Heyfi eld, imminent. Toongabbie and Cowwarr) Western Region January 2006 Merrimu Reservoir (Supplies Blue-green algal Monitoring frequency increased, media releases issued and (ongoing) water for the townships of bloom notifi cations made to Western Water and regulatory agencies Bacchus Marsh and Melton) December 2006 Rosslynne Reservoir (Supplies Blue-green algal Monitoring frequency increased, media releases issued and to January 2007 water for the township of bloom notifi cations made to Western Water and regulatory agencies Macedon, Gisborne and Mount Macedon) 92 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Date Supply Issue Actions February 2007 Rosslynne Reservoir (Supplies Blue-green algal Monitoring frequency increased, media releases issued and to March 2007 water for the township of bloom notifi cations made to Western Water and regulatory agencies Macedon, Gisborne and Mount Macedon) May 2006 to July Pykes Creek Reservoir (Supplies Blue-green algal Monitoring frequency was increased, media releases were issued and 2006 water for the township of bloom notifi cations made to Western Water and regulatory agencies Myrniong) April 2007 to July Pykes Creek Reservoir (Supplies Blue-green algal Monitoring frequency was increased and warning signs erected on site. 2007 water for the township of bloom Two media releases were issued and notifi cations made to Western Myrniong) Water and regulatory agencies.

As detailed in the table above, the majority of drinking water storages managed by Southern Rural Water experienced blooms at levels that required reporting to the department under the relevant reporting protocols. The effects of these blooms on drinking water quality are discussed in greater detail in the Gippsland Water and Western Water sections of this report. The nature of the water storage areas, and the current climatic and low fl ow conditions, are likely to result in ongoing algal issues. Current protocols and management strategies are viewed as being adequate to minimise the risk to drinking water quality in the event of a bloom, and there appears to be effective cooperation between Southern Rural Water and the water suppliers they supply. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 93

Wannon Water Head offi ce: Warrnambool Localities supplied with drinking water: Allansford, Balmoral, Camperdown – Rural, Camperdown – Urban, Caramut, Casterton, Cavendish, Cobden, Coleraine, Dartmoor, Derrinallum, Dunkeld, Glenthompson, Hamilton, Heywood, Koroit, Lismore, – Glenormiston, Merino, Mortlake, Paaratte, Penshurst, Peterborough, , Port Fairy, Portland, Purnim, Sandford, Simpson, Tarrington, , Timboon, Warrnambool Towns supplied with regulated (non-drinking) water: Darlington and Macarthur Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 71,570 Map 17: Wannon Water

Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment 94 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Performance against water quality standards All water sampling localities complied with the drinking water quality standards during 2006–07 reporting period, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard Escherichia coli Cavendish Trihalomethanes Balmoral, Coleraine, Hamilton, Tarrington Aluminium Camperdown Rural, Camperdown Urban, Cobden, Derrinallum, Glenthompson, Hamilton, Lismore

The water supplied to the Macarthur water sampling locality was declared as regulated water by the Minister for Health on 6 September 2006. For the purposes of this reporting period Macarthur was considered a non-drinking water supply. Two related E. coli detections were recorded in the Cavendish locality during the reporting period. The detections, which occurred on 22 May 2007, were associated with an air lock that caused the chlorination pump to stop operating. This detection is discussed in more detail in the incidents and events section below. During the reporting period undertakings were in place to manage the identifi ed non-compliances at Balmoral, Cobden, Coleraine and Glenthompson. More detail on these undertakings can be found in Appendix D. With regard to the Balmoral trihalomethanes issue, the undertaking involved the construction of a new water treatment plant. By the end of the reporting period construction of the plant was progressing well, and was on target to be completed by the target date in the undertaking of 31 December 2007. With regard to the trihalomethanes exceedances in the Coleraine locality, the proposed solution in the accepted undertaking is to construct a pipeline to connect Coleraine to the Casterton Water Treatment Plant. The pipeline is due to be completed by 30 June 2009. The trihalomethanes exceedances in the Hamilton and Tarrington localities were considered to be isolated incidents. In response to lower than target chlorine residuals across the Hamilton and Tarrington localities the disinfection process was temporarily changed from chloramination to chlorination. This allowed for an improvement in disinfection residuals, but resulted in the generation of elevated amounts of trihalomethanes. After one month, the disinfection was reverted back to chloramination, resulting in a reduction in trihalomethanes levels. By the start of the reporting period, Wannon Water had implemented the proposed actions in their undertakings to address non-compliance with the aluminium standard in the Camperdown Rural, Camperdown Urban, Cobden, Derrinallum and Glenthompson supply systems. During the reporting period performance against the aluminium standard improved markedly in all localities, and ongoing compliance was achieved by 31December 2006. In the case of the Hamilton locality, because of the drought, surface water run-off from the Grampians catchment ceased during 2006–07. Therefore the Hamilton Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 95

system became totally dependent on groundwater harvested from the Grampians area. The water quality of the groundwater was signifi cantly different from the surface water run-off, containing higher salt levels, iron and manganese. The treatment processes at Hamilton were not designed to optimally treat water with this chemical makeup resulting in non-compliance with the aluminium standard. Instances of non-compliance with the standard were periodic, but if they continue an undertaking to address the issue may become necessary. With regard to the Lismore locality, there was a single aluminium exceedance during the reporting period. No further action was considered necessary. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance As with the previous two reporting periods, the other major water quality issue for Wannon Water was elevated arsenic levels in the water supplies of Merino and Macarthur. The bore water that is used to supply both towns contains levels of naturally occurring arsenic that are above the health-related guideline value specifi ed in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) (0.007 mg/L). Illness as a result of the consumption of water that contains arsenic requires long-term consumption of large quantities of contaminated water. In the case of Macarthur, Wannon Water entered into an undertaking with the Department to address the issue. Modifi cations to the existing treatment process were undertaken in an attempt to reduce the level of arsenic in the treated water, but the modifi cations were unsuccessful in reducing the arsenic below the guideline value. In response to this the Minister for Health declared the water supplied to the Macarthur locality as regulated water on 6 September 2006. A community consultation process was undertaken by Wannon Water to determine the future of the Macarthur water supply. The Macarthur community indicated that their preferred option is for Wannon Water to implement ion sorption technology in order to bring the water up to a drinking water standard. Wannon Water has commenced a feasibility study and detailed design process. In the case of the Merino supply, the problem was resolved by the construction of a pipeline from Casterton water supply system. This pipeline was operational by January 2006. Residual arsenic in the Merino Service Basin and subsequent recontamination of the supply necessitated the construction of a new temporary enclosed tank at Merino. Upon completion of the works arsenic levels in the Merino supply were below the health guideline value. Single elevated lead results were detected in Coleraine, Camperdown (Urban), Koroit, Mortlake, Port Fairy, Portland, Purnim and Warrnambool in samples collected in January 2007. These systems historically have not had an issue with lead and there is no record of lead fi tting or fi xtures. All repeat analyses on re-samples were below the health guideline value specifi ed in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004). The lack of pattern or consistency with the exceedances suggested a 96 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

possible issue with the integrity of the sample collection/analysis process, rather than an issue with contamination. No further action was considered necessary by the department. A single elevated manganese result, above the health guideline value specifi ed in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004), was recorded in the Cobden locality. The elevated result occurred during a major water main maintenance period and is likely the result of sediment from within the main being resuspended. Wannon Water intends to investigate this issue further during 2007–08. Two elevated manganese results above the health-related guideline value were recorded in the Merino locality. Particulate material containing iron and manganese had been accumulating within the mains as a result of the process diffi culties at the Casterton Water Treatment Plant. High levels of sediment were present at the time of sample collection. Wannon Water is working with consultants to alter the design of the plant to improve performance. In addition, consistent fl ushing of the Merino pipeline was conducted. No other parameters measured by Wannon Water as part of its drinking water quality monitoring program were reported to have exceeded the relevant health guideline values detailed in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events were reported by Wannon Water.

Date Supply Issue Action(s) July 2006 Portland E. coli A sample collected from the Portland locality returned a positive result for E. coli. At the time of sampling a low chlorine residual was detected. The exact cause of the positive E. coli result was unable to be determined. The area in the vicinity of the sample site was fl ushed until adequate disinfection residual was restored. Further samples were taken to confi rm the effectiveness of the remedial measures. All additional samples taken indicated that no E. coli were present. July & Glenthompson Aluminium Instances of non-compliance with the aluminium standard were recorded in the August 2006 Glenthompson locality during the reporting period. In response to the low water levels mains fl ushing/cleaning was kept to a minimum to conserve water. It is likely that the two readings were the result of sediment build-up of aluminium within the reticulation. A program of mains cleaning utilising water capture was implemented to reduce the likelihood of further exceedances. August 2006 Camperdown Aluminium Aluminium levels in excess of the regulatory limit of 0.2 mg/L were detected in the (Rural) & Camperdown – Rural and Camperdown – Urban localities in samples collected during (Urban) August 2006. During late winter/early spring, the source water typically has a very low alkalinity. This results in diffi culty in controlling pH through the water treatment process. Low pH can be experienced upon the addition of alum. This low pH allows dissolved aluminium to pass through the fi ltration process. A reduction in the alum dose rate was implemented to reduce the likelihood of further exceedances. The addition of lime and carbon dioxide at the Camperdown treatment plant is proposed as a future improvement. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 97

Date Supply Issue Action(s) August & Cobden Aluminium A number of instances of non-compliance with the aluminium standard were observed September during the months of August and September 2006. A number of improvements to the 2006 water treatment plant were undertaken prior to this incident in an attempt to prevent non- compliance with the aluminium standard from occurring. Due to the seasonal nature of the issue, the success of the improvements was diffi cult to determine prior to the event. Further adjustments to the treatment process, in particular the pre pH correction and alum dosing point, were made to improve water quality. September Hamilton Aluminium A result of 0.5 mg/L was recorded at a site within the Hamilton locality. The non-compliance 2006 with the standard was likely to be related to the use of higher doses of alum to treat highly coloured raw water entering the water treatment plant during maximisation of surface water harvesting. Alternative coagulants pH control measures were trialled in an attempt to reduce the alum dosage. October 2006 Hamilton Aluminium Non-compliance with the aluminium standard (0.24 mg/L) was recorded within the Hamilton locality. The exceedance was to be related to the use of higher doses of alum to treat highly coloured raw water entering the water treatment plant during maximisation of surface water harvesting. Alternative coagulants pH control measures were trialled in an attempt to reduce the alum dosage. October 2006 Hamiton E. coli E. coli detected in a sample collected from the clear water storage at the Hamilton Water Treatment Plant. In addition to E. coli, low disinfectant residuals were noted. Additional sampling was undertaken and an investigation into the positive E. coli results initiated. The investigation revealed a failure of the disinfection system at the Hamilton Water Treatment Plant. A major power outage affecting the whole of south west Victoria caused faults in both chlorination units stopping the fl ow of chlorine disinfectant. Online monitoring normally used to detect low disinfectant residuals had failed the previous week and had been removed for repair. The clear water storage disinfection residual was increased immediately through manual dosing. The reticulation was then fl ushed to allow the higher disinfection residual water to be passed into the reticulation. Additional testing confi rmed the presence of a disinfection residual and the absence of E. coli. As a result of the incident, procedures for equipment maintenance have been changed. A full HACCP assessment has been undertaken on the Hamilton Water Treatment Plant, with certifi cation being obtained in June 2007. October 2006 Portland E. coli A sample taken collected at the entry point for the locality returned a positive result for E. coli. The sample point was located at the Wyatt Street Clear Water Storage. The Clear Water Storage is used to boost the Portland supply during periods of peak demand. During the cooler months, the tank remains unused for long periods of time and hence loose chlorine residual. At the time of collection, the tank had a very low chlorine residual. The tank was isolated from the system at the time of sample collection. Additional chlorine dosing was undertaken. The tank remained isolated until repeat testing confi rmed adequate disinfection. A chlorine analyser has been installed on the outlet of the tank to alarm when low chlorine residuals are detected. October 2006 Caramut E. coli E. coli were detected in the elevated tank within the Caramut locality. Low chlorine residual levels were also noted at the time of sampling. The tank was immediately isolated and additional samples from the tank and reticulation collected and analysed. The presence of E. coli in the tank was confi rmed, with no E. coli detected in the reticulation. Investigation into the cause of the E. coli revealed that the access hatch of the elevated tank had corroded and dislodged, allowing bird access. The hatch was re-instated and the tank fl ushed and re-fi lled with chlorinated water. Testing was conducted on the tank prior to it being returned to service. The results of these samples indicated no E. coli present. 98 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Date Supply Issue Action(s) October 2006 Casterton Iron A major augmentation of the Casterton Water Treatment Plant was undertaken and commissioned in October 2006. Technical issues with the design resulted in water containing either dissolved or particulate iron reaching customers. Due to coloured water causing widespread customer complaint, the Department of Human Services was notifi ed. October 2006 Coleraine, Lead Between October 2006 and May 2007 a series of samples collected from the localities of to May 2007 Mortlake, Coleraine, Mortlake, Purnim, Warrnambool, Camperdown (Urban), Portland, Koroit and Port Purnim, Fairy for lead analysis all returned values above the health-related value for lead in drinking Warrnambool, water. None of the localities had a history of lead contamination or any known issues with Camperdown lead fi ttings or fi xtures. In all instances re-samples were collected after each occurrence, (Urban), with all subsequent results well below the guideline value. It is believed that at some point Portland, the integrity of the sample has been compromised, either during sampling or analysis. Koroit and Port Fairy November Casterton Loss of power The water for Casterton is sourced from groundwater bores located approximately 15 2006 kilometres from Casterton. Bushfi res in the local area resulted in a loss of power and an inability to pump water from the Tullich Bore fi eld. Although water quality was not compromised for the towns of Casterton, Sandford and Merino, the security of supply was threatened. The fi res caused only minor damage to infrastructure and a back-up emergency generator was installed to ensure continued supply. February Simpson E. coli A sample collected at the entry point to the locality on 20 February 2006 returned a positive 2007 result for E. coli. The sample point was located at the Simpson contact tank. A free chlorine residual of 0.9 mg/L was measured at the time of sample collection. No cause for the positive result could be determined, as there was suffi cient chlorine residual for disinfection. The site was immediately resampled. E. coli was absent from the resample. March 2007 Hamilton Treatment Issue On 9 March 2007 Wannon Water received a number of calls from residents in Hamilton – Tarrington in relation to dirty water and taste complaints. The cause of these was attributed to a change to groundwater reserves due to the cessation of surface runoff from the Grampians catchment area. Three complaints from customers who believed that their water supply was causing them to feel ill also occurred at this time. The three sites were visited and disinfection residual measured. It was found that there was little or no disinfectant residual at the three sites. Water samples were collected for analysis. In consultation with the Department of Human Services, a boil water notice was issued until the disinfection residual was increased and water samples confi rmed that there was no contamination. The boil water notice was issued on the afternoon of Friday 9 March. On Tuesday 13 March the boil water notice was lifted, following confi rmation of test results. A subsequent investigation into the incident determined that the low chlorine residuals observed in the reticulation were the result of a higher chlorine demand due to the presence of manganese in the raw water. Manganese was passing through the treatment process and being oxidised after chlorination. This also was the cause of the dirty water complaints. The taste complaints related to an increase in total dissolved salts from approximately 150 mg/L to 800 mg/L over a four week period.

March 2007 Warrnambool Groundwater On 23 March 2007, Wannon Water was advised by the Warrnambool City Council of issue the failure of a sewerage wet well located in the vicinity of the Albert Park Reserve in Warrnambool. The site was located approximately 1.5 kilometres from the Albert Park Bore at the Warrnambool Water Treatment Plant. Historical data from the bore was analysed and no detrimental impact on water quality was found. As a precaution, additional samples were collected and analysed. No impact on water quality was observed. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 99

Date Supply Issue Action(s) April 2007 Hamilton Trihalomethanes During March 2007, low disinfection residuals were observed within the Hamilton and – Tarrington Tarrington reticulations. In response to this, on 26 March 2007 the disinfection at the Hamilton Water Treatment Plant was changed from chloramination to chlorination to improve disinfection residuals within the localities. Due to the change from chloramination to chlorination, higher levels of disinfection by-products (trihalomethanes) were generated, resulting in exceedences being recorded within the Hamilton and Tarrington Systems. Chloramination was reinstated at the Hamilton Water Treatment Plant on 24 April 2007. Upon return to chloramination, the trihalomethane levels quickly dropped below the regulatory limit of 0.25 mg/L. Disinfection residuals were closely monitored to ensure adequate disinfection and a reduction in the level of trihalomethanes generated. April 2007 Hamilton Aluminium Due to high variability in the quality of the raw water, the dosing of alum to achieve effective treatment of the incoming raw water was diffi cult. On occasions, there was some carryover of aluminium carry through the treatment process. Non-compliance with the aluminium standard was recorded in the Hamilton locality in April 2007 of 0.50 mg/L. The area in the immediate vicinity was fl ushed and retesting carried out. The results of the re-tests were below the regulatory limit of 0.2 mg/L.

May 2007 Cavendish E. coli E. coli was detected in two samples from the Cavendish system collected on 22 May 2007. Investigation into the cause determined that the disinfectant dosing pumps developed an air lock, which resulted in no disinfectant being dosed into the system. The on-line chlorine analyser alarmed as a result of the drop in chlorine residual, but the auto-dialler connected to the chlorine analyser was set to stand-by which resulted in the alarm not dialling out to the operator. A low chlorine residual was detected when the reticulation compliance samples were collected on Tuesday 22 May. It is estimated the system failure occurred late on Friday 18 May 2007. The chlorine pumps were immediately reinstated at an increased dose rate. Sodium hypochlorite was added to the service basin for immediate disinfection. Flushing of the mains within the system was undertaken to increase disinfection residual. To reduce the risk of the incident reoccurring, changes were made to the site maintenance procedures which now incorporate frequent alarm testing. Maintenance procedures have also been changed to include reinstatement of systems upon completion of works.

Customer complaints related to water quality The customer complaints received by Wannon Water during the reporting period are summarised in the table below. As with most water businesses, the highest number of complaints received related to discoloured water.

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 customers supplied Discoloured water 274 0.82 Taste/odour 70 0.21 Air in water 0 0 Blue water 6 0.02 Illness 3 0.01 Other 13 0.04 100 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Western Water Head offi ce: Sunbury Localities supplied with drinking water: Bulla, Darley, Diggers Rest, Gisborne, Lancefi eld, Lerderderg, Macedon, Maddingley, Melton South, Merrimu, Mount Macedon, Myrniong, Riddells Creek, Rockbank, Romsey, Sunbury, Toolern Vale and Woodend. All drinking water supplies except those for Myrniong, Romsey, Woodend and Lancefi eld are fl uoridated. Supplies for Myrniong, Romsey and Woodend are fl uoridated if the local supply is supplemented with water from the Melbourne metropolitan supply system. Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 131,380 Map 18: Western Water

Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 101

Performance against water quality standards Drinking water supplied in all localities by Western Water during 2006–07 complied with the water quality standards, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Locality not complying with water quality standards Aluminium Trihalomethanes Myrniong

Western Water has advised that it does not use ozone-based chemicals in any of its water quality systems. Therefore, sampling and analyses for bromate and formaldehyde was not undertaken throughout 2006–07. Ozone-based disinfection by-products such as bromate and formaldehyde are not considered to be a risk in drinking water supplied by Western Water. Although water supplied to Lancefi eld was not treated with aluminium based chemicals in 2006–07, aluminium was nevertheless monitored for this supply. Drinking water supplied in Myrniong did not comply with the standards for aluminium and trihalomethanes in 2006–07. The water supply for Myrniong is drawn from the nearby Pykes Creek Reservoir, which contains elevated levels of aluminium and turbidity due to the clay which is present as suspended material. This water supply was disinfected, but not fi ltered, until the Myrniong water fi ltration plant was completed in March 2007. The water supplied to Myrniong has complied with the standards since that time, although for much of that time water was carted from the Bacchus Marsh supply system, due to an ongoing blue green algae bloom on Pykes Creek reservoir. The health risk assessment undertaken by the department in relation to the Myrniong water supply concluded that exposure to aluminium and trihalomethanes at the reported concentrations, and for the reported time periods, did not pose a risk to public health. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance Other than the detections described above for Myrniong, no other parameters measured by Western Water in its drinking water quality monitoring program exceeded the relevant health-related guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. For detailed water quality data, including data about other aesthetic characteristics of the water, please refer to Western Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. 102 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) January 2007 Myrniong Detection of E. coli in drinking water Chlorine dosing increased, follow-up samples were collected and clear of E. coli January 2007 Romsey Detection of E. coli in drinking water tank System was inspected, follow-up samples were collected and clear of E. coli January 2007 Toolern Vale Detection of E. coli in drinking water tank System was inspected, follow-up samples were collected and clear of E. coli January – March Lancefi eld Detection of E. coli in drinking water Operational changes made to source of supply, disinfection 2007 changed from chloramination to chlorination and boil water notice issued for 55 days until water quality improved. February 2007 Lancefi eld Blue green algae bloom in Lancefi eld The basin was monitored for blue green algae, follow up samples service basin indicated bloom dissipated within two days. April – June 2007 Myrniong Blue green algae bloom in Pykes Creek The reservoir was monitored for blue green algae, drinking reservoir water carted from Bacchus Marsh supply, a dosing system was temporarily installed at the Myrniong water fi ltration plant until the bloom dissipated. Incident lasted for fi fty days, no toxins were detected. Early 2007 Rosslynne Intermittent high pH levels in water Lime and carbon dioxide dosing was investigated and was supply system supplied to Gisborne, Riddells Creek, established by the end of 2007. Macedon and Mount Macedon

In May 2007 the department accepted a written undertaking from Western Water that set out a number of longer term solutions in response to the incidents in the Lancefi eld supply system, including construction of a new water fi ltration plant. The undertaking is scheduled to conclude on 30 March 2008. The previous undertaking for the Myrniong water supply concluded on 30 March 2007, with the completion of the Myrniong water fi ltration plant. For further information on the water quality incidents and events listed above, as well as details on Western Water’s undertakings, please refer to Western Water’s annual drinking water quality report for 2006–07. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 103

Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints related to water quality that were recorded by Western Water during 2006–07 is provided in the table below.

Complaint Category Number of Complaints No. of Complaints per 100 customers Discoloured water 138 0.264 Taste/odour 34 0.065 Blue water 0 0 Air in water 3 0.005 Suspected illness 2 0.006 Other 9 0.017

Water quality complaint fi gures had shown an increasing trend in complaints in recent years, with a large number from the more populous centres of Melton, Sunbury and Lancefi eld. However, in 2006–07, improvements in water quality supplied to customers and improved management of water main bursts have seen complaints decrease relative to previous years. 104 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Westernport Water Head offi ce: Newhaven Towns supplied with drinking water: Bass, Grantville, Corinella, Kilcunda, San Remo, Cape Woolamai, Rhyll, Cowes, Ventnor Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 9,760, rising to 33,500 in peak holiday periods Map 19: Westernport Water

Performance against water quality standards All drinking water localities complied with the water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard Trihalomethanes Grantville, Kilcunda, San Remo, Cape Woolamai, Rhyll, Cowes, Ventnor

Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Department of Sustainability and Environment Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 105

During the 2006–07 reporting period, seven of the nine water sampling localities exceeded the water quality standard for trihalomethanes. Widespread exceedances were recorded in January 2007, although the values were only marginally above the standard. Non-complying localities were fl ushed when possible and no further actions were taken by Westernport Water. Results returned to below the standard at the next sampling event except in the locality of Ventnor. Further exceedances occurred in Grantville, San Remo, Cape Woolamai, Rhyll and Cowes in March and April 2007. Again, non-complying localities were fl ushed by Westernport Water and no further actions were taken. All results during the rest of the reporting period were below the standard. Investigations by Westernport Water indicated that the trihalomethanes exceedances were most likely due to limitations of the Ian Bartlett Water Purifi cation Plant (IBWPP) that did not allow for the accurate control of the chlorine dosage in response to highly variable raw water quality over the 2006–07 period. The variability of the raw water quality is related to the drought conditions being experienced by the region. An upgrade of treatment processes at the plant during the latter part of the reporting period was expected to signifi cantly reduce trihalomethanes production as plant operators were able to better control chlorine dosing. Considerable work was done on reviewing and updating the procedures for testing at the plant. This provided a higher level of certainty in selecting and modifying chlorine and other chemical dose rates. Ozone is not used by Westernport Water as a treatment chemical, therefore bromate and formaldehyde were not required to be monitored at the frequencies specifi ed in Schedule 2 of the Regulations. Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance Non-compliances with the health-related guideline value for lead, detailed in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004), occurred in single samples collected from the localities of Cowes and Corinella. In response, Westernport Water fl ushed the reticulation systems in the affected areas to remove any residual lead, until the sampling results were below the guideline value. Non-compliances with the iron and manganese aesthetic guideline values in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) occurred during reporting period. In the case of iron, all localities exceeded the aesthetic guideline value on at least one occasion during the reporting period. In the case of manganese, exceedances occurred in the localities of Bass, Grantville and Corinella. All results were below the health-related guideline for manganese. In response, the reticulation system was fl ushed to remove any residual manganese, and re-testing after the fl ushing showed that the manganese values were below the aesthetic guideline value. Elevated levels of iron and manganese are an ongoing issue for Westernport Water and the causes appear to be drought-related. 106 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water quality incidents and events During 2005–06, the following water quality incidents and events occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) January 2007 Kilcunda, San Remo, Elevated Problem areas of the reticulation Cape Woolamai, Rhyll, trihalomethanes system fl ushed. Cowes and Ventnor January 2007 Cowes Elevated lead Mains fl ushed until results from sampling showed levels below the guideline value. February Cowes and Corinella Elevated lead Mains in problem areas fl ushed. 2007 April 2007 San Remo and Cowes Elevated Problem areas fl ushed. trihalomethanes

Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints on water quality during the 2006–07 reporting period that were recorded by Westernport Water is provided in the table below.

Complaint category Number of water quality Number of complaints per complaints 100 customers supplied Discoloured water 74 0.9 Taste and odour 30 0.2 Blue water 0 0 Air in water 0 0 Illness 9 0.1 Other 18 0.9

The number of potable water quality complaints reported to Westernport Water during the 2006–07 period decreased slightly from the previous reporting period. The majority of complaints occurred in February 2007 with 22 colour complaints followed by June 2007 with 17 complaints. Westernport Water reported that these complaints were most likely due to the manganese and iron issues in the water supply. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 107

Yarra Valley Water Head offi ce: Mitcham Localities supplied with drinking water: Glenroy, Preston, Northcote, Somerton, Bundoora, Lower Plenty, Epping, Plenty, /Hurstbridge, Whittlesea, Warburton, Healesville, Yarra Glen, Seville, Eltham, Woori Yallock, Emerald, Ridge/ Monbulk, Lilydale, Warranwood, Doncaster, Croydon, Mitcham, Kew, Ivanhoe, Montrose, Bayswater North, Glen Waverley, Malvern, Wallan, Yarra Junction, Lyrebird Avenue, Brahams Road. (Please refer to Appendix J for a list of all individual suburbs supplied). Population supplied with drinking water: approximately 1,460,000 Map 20: Yarra Valley Water

Further information

www.yvw.com.au Yarra Valley Water Lucknow Street Emaill: [email protected] Mitcham Private Bag 1 Mitcham Victoria 3132 MITCHELL 13 1721 Shire Council

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LICENSED AREA - JULY 2006 MAP PREPARED BY MELWAY PUBLISHING PTY LTD

Performance against water quality standards All drinking water localities complied with the drinking water quality standards during 2006–07, except as noted in the table below.

Parameter Localities not complying with water quality standard E. coli Seville

There were two detections of E. coli for the Seville locality which were investigated and reported to the Department. The fi rst detection during February 2007 was at a low level and follow-up sampling showed no further detection of E. coli. The second detection was in March 2007, where there was a detection of 120 E. coli/100mL (see details in the Water quality incidents and events section below). Also there was no monitoring for bromate and formaldehyde at the frequencies specifi ed in Schedule 2 of the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005, as Ozone is not used either by Yarra Valley Water or Melbourne Water as a treatment chemical. Map prepared by, and used with the permission of, Yarra Valley Water 108 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Other water quality issues of potential health signifi cance No other parameters measured by Yarra Valley Water, as part of its drinking water quality monitoring program, exceeded the relevant health guideline values set out in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2004) during the reporting period. For detailed water quality data, including data about other aesthetic characteristics of the water, please refer to Yarra Valley Water’s Drinking Water Quality Annual Report for 2006–07. Water quality incidents and events During 2006–07, the following water quality incidents and events occurred:

Date Supply Issue Action(s) November Wallan Detection of Escherichia Localised cleaning of water mains and spot chlorination of storages within the 2006 coli at entry point locality. Follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. February Warburton (Four Detection of Escherichia Extensive monitoring of the locality revealed the problem was localised. The tank 2007 Mile Creek High coli at tank was isolated, drained, inspected, cleaned and refi lled. It was then spot dosed Level tank area) with chlorine and subsequent follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. February Seville Detection of Escherichia Localised mains cleaning and spot dosing of Lewis Hill Reservoir were 2007 coli in drinking water undertaken. Follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. March 2007 Seville Detection of Escherichia E. coli was detected in signifi cant numbers, 120 E. coli/100mL, in a routine coli in drinking water sample. Yarra Valley Water conducted an extensive investigation in response to this second E. coli detection within the Seville locality. Mains were fl ushed and a monitoring program established across the entire locality to assess the extent and source of the contamination. Apart from the initial E. coli detection and those detected the following day from sampling mainly prior to mains cleaning, no further samples were found to contain E. coli. The source of the contamination within the Seville locality was not found. A new water main is proposed to increase turnover of water within the area and this will be constructed during 2007–08. March 2007 Warburton Detection of Escherichia Spot dosing of the tank and mains fl ushing were undertaken. Follow-up samples (Warburton High coli at tank were clear of E. coli. Level tank) April 2007 Preston area Detection of Escherichia E. coli was detected in a sample collected from a hydrant during a mains coli during main commissioning. The main was supplying customers at the time of sampling. commissioning Extensive cleaning of the mains was carried out and follow-up samples from customer taps in the area were clear of E. coli. April 2007 Mt. Waverley, Widespread Customer Low turnover in two of Melbourne Water’s transfer mains, caused by the Glen Waverley and Complaint maximisation of water supplied from Cardinia Reservoir resulted in 40 taste and Oakleigh areas odour complaints. Operational changes to increase the turnover in these mains were undertaken to prevent any further taste and odour issues. May 2007 Emerald Detection of Escherichia E. coli was detected in two samples, at the Gembrook high level tank and at a coli in drinking water customer tap. Chlorination was increased and the mains extensively cleaned. Follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. May 2007 East Warburton Detection of Escherichia The detection of E. coli was in a non-routine sample of drinking water. All tanks in (Brahams Road) coli in drinking water the Warburton area were spot dosed and water mains in the East Warburton area were fl ushed. A temporary chlorinator was installed to improve chlorine residuals across the locality. Follow-up samples were clear of E. coli. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 109

Customer complaints related to water quality A summary of the customer complaints related to water quality that were recorded by Yarra Valley Water during 2006–07 is provided in the table below. The total number of complaints was 0.52/100 customers, a decrease compared with the previous year.

Complaint Category Number of Complaints No. of Complaints per 100 customers* Discoloured Water 2595 0.40 Taste and Odour 390 0.06 Blue Water 40 0.01 Air in Water 209 0.03 Illness – confi rmed 0 0 Other (incl. Customer pipes) 162 0.02

* based on customer connections Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 113

Appendix A: Water storage managers and water suppliers 2006–2007 Water storage managers Goulburn-Murray Water Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water Melbourne Water Southern Rural Water South Gippsland Water

Water suppliers Barwon Water Central Highlands Water City West Water Coliban Water East Gippsland Water Falls Creek Alpine Resort Management Board Gippsland Water Goulburn Valley Water Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water Lake Mountain Alpine Resort Management Board Lower Murray Water Mount Baw Baw Alpine Resort Management Board Mount Buller & Mount Stirling Alpine Resort Management Board Mount Management Board North East Water Parks Victoria South East Water South Gippsland Water Wannon Water Western Water Westernport Water Yarra Valley Water 114 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Appendix B: Overview of Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 and Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005 and Functions of the Secretary to the Department of Human Services Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 • requires water suppliers and water storage managers to prepare and implement plans to manage risks in relation to drinking water and some types of non-potable water • provides for the auditing of those plans by approved auditors • requires water suppliers to ensure that the drinking water they supply meets quality standards specifi ed by the Regulations • requires water suppliers to disclose to the public information concerning the quality of drinking water • provides for the variation, after community consultation, of water quality standards that relate only to aesthetic factors • requires the reporting of known or suspected contamination of drinking water to the Department of Human Services • empowers the Secretary to the Department of Human Services to enforce this Act

Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005 • set out the further matters to be addressed in risk management plans and the risks to be specifi ed in risk management plans • describe the documents that are to be available for inspection in a risk management plan audit • prescribe the form of audit certifi cates to be given to the person who has commissioned a risk management plan audit at the completion of the audit • set out the risk management plan auditor approval criteria • set out drinking water quality standards • set out requirements relating to the frequency of collection of samples of water for analysis • Empower the Secretary to: – divide areas supplied by water suppliers into water sampling localities – specify locations within a water sampling locality at which samples of water are to be collected – vary the frequency of collection for samples of water in certain circumstances – approve persons to be approved water analysts • require all water samples to be analysed by an approved water analyst and a summary of the results of the analyses to be given to the department • specify the issues relating to the quality of drinking water and regulated water in an annual report every fi nancial year • set out details to be included in an annual report to the Secretary. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 115

Functions of the Secretary to the Department of Human Services • protect public health in relation to the supply of drinking water • monitor and enforce compliance with this Act and the Regulations • report on the performance of water suppliers and water storage managers in relation to the requirements imposed on them under this Act • investigate and report on any aspect of drinking water quality in Victoria • make recommendations to the Minister for Health on any matter relating to drinking water or regulated water • promote industry and public awareness and understanding of drinking water quality issues. These functions are prescribed in section 27 of the Act.

Matters not covered by the Act The Act does not apply to: • water not intended for drinking and which cannot be mistaken for drinking water • the supply of water for irrigation purposes • the supply of water by a proprietor of prescribed accommodation within the meaning of Part XII of the Health Act 1958 to such accommodation • the supply of packaged drinking water. 116 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Appendix C: Gazettal dates for water sampling localities

Water Business Government Gazette Publication Date 2005–06 Reporting Period Barwon Water Special Gazette s157 16 June 2006 Mt Buller & Mt Stirling Special Gazette s158 16 June 2006 Falls Creek Special Gazette s158 16 June 2006 Mt Baw Baw Special Gazette s158 16 June 2006 Mt Hotham Special Gazette s158 16 June 2006 East Gippsland Water Special Gazette s160 22 June 2006 Parks Victoria Special Gazette s161 22 June 2006 2006–07 Reporting Period Lower Murray Water Special Gazette s176 19 July 2006 City West Water Special Gazette s177 19 July 2006 North East Water Special Gazette s183 27 July 2006 South Gippsland Water Special Gazette s193 3 August 2006 Central Highlands Water Special Gazette s197 4 August 2006 Coliban Water Special Gazette s201 9 August 2006 Gippsland Water Special Gazette s202 10 August 2006 Westernport Water Special Gazette s6 16 January 2007 Yarra Valley Water Special Gazette s8 & s9 18 January 2007 Western Water Special Gazette s14 25 January 2007 GWMWater Special Gazette s46 8 March 2007 Wannon Water Special Gazette s71 30 March 2007 Goulburn Valley Water Special Gazette s142 29 June 2007 2007–08 Reporting Period South East Water Special Gazette s228 30 September 2007 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 117

Appendix D: Current undertakings

Water Water Nature of contravention Proposed actions to be taken to Start Date End date Status as at 30 business supply rectify contravention date undertaking June 2007 accepted by DHS Western Water Myrniong Non-compliance with the Construction of a new water 1/6/05 6/1/06 30/10/2006 Undertaking aluminium, trihalomethanes and treatment plant to fi lter the water (extended to completed by turbidity water quality standards supply from Pykes Creek reservoir 30/03/2007) amended due date using a Dissolved Air Flotation Filtration (DAFF) treatment process. Coliban Water Axedale Non-compliance with the Decommissioning of the water 1/7/05 4/10/05 31/12/2006 Completion date Township aluminium and trihalomethanes treatment plant at Axedale and the (extended to after 30 June 2007 water quality standards construction of a 12km pipeline 31/12/08) from the Bendigo water reticulation system at Junortoun. Coliban Water Goornong Non-compliance with the Installation of new ammonia dosing 1/7/05 4/10/05 31/12/2006 Completion date Township trihalomethanes water quality facility. (extended to after 30 June 2007 standard 31/03/08) Coliban Water Tooborac Non-compliance with the Decommissioning of the water 1/7/05 4/10/05 31/12/06 Undertaking Township trichloroacetic acid and treatment plant at Tooborac and the completed by due trihalomethanes water quality construction of a 13km pipeline from date standards the Heathcote water reticulation system at Junortoun. East Nowa Nowa Turbidity non compliance based Water Quality Improvement Works 1/7/05 24/10/05 31/12/06 Undertaking Gippsland Water on historic data. This system is to be undertaken. Nowa Nowa is to completed by end of Water Quality Zone a chlorine dioxide disinfection receive alternative source water, reporting period – Nowa Nowa only system and as such will have piped from Toorloo Storage Basin. Township limited impact on turbidity values. The source water will become The source water has a history of the Mitchell River (Mitchell River high turbidity values originating System) as opposed to Boggy Creek from organic particulate matter (current water source). The Boggy (soils, clay) and algae. There is Creek water supply will then be normally and increase in turbidity abandoned. after signifi cant rain events. East Buchan Turbidity non compliance based Water Quality Improvement Works 1/7/05 24/10/05 31/12/06 Undertaking Gippsland Water on historic data. This system to be undertaken. Buchan is to completed by end of Water Quality Zone is currently disinfected with receive a full water treatment plant reporting period – Buchan hypochlorite and has a temporary to treat variable turbidity levels. The Township treatment facility installed as temporary treatment facility will then a result of the 2003 bushfi res. be abandoned. After heavy rainfall, the source water quality can deteriorate, overwhelming the capacity of the temporary treatment facilities to treat water to th standard of turbidity required in the Safe Drinking Water Regulations. Gippsland Water supply Non-compliance with the Construction of a new water 8/11/05 25/11/05 31/3/07 Under taking Water to the towns trichloroacetic acid water quality treatment plant to service the towns completed by due of Erica & standard of Erica/Rawson. date Rawson Wannon Water Water supply Non-compliance with the Engage a consultant to determine 1/1/06 13/12/05 30/7/06 Undertaking to Cobden, aluminium water quality standard the cause of the aluminium completed by end of Derrinalum exceedance and to recommend reporting period and Mortlake remedial solutions, and then Water Supply undertake operational trials to verify Localities the recommendation Mt Buller and Telephone Failure to complete a risk Install fi ltration and disinfection 15/12/05 6/1/06 1/9/06 Undertaking Mt Stirling Box Junction, management plan, failure to system, implement risk management completed by end of ARMB Mount comply with the E. coli and plan and commence monitoring in reporting period Stirling turbidity water quality standards accordance with Regulations. The decision to have drinking water at Mount Stirling occurred after 1 July 2005. Goulburn Bonnie Doon Elevated risk of non-compliance Investigate dosing alum at head of 1/7/05 24/2/06 31/3/07 Undertaking Valley Water to the turbidity water quality works to lower turbidity levels completed by end of standard reporting period 118 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water Water Nature of contravention Proposed actions to be taken to Start Date End date Status as at 30 business supply rectify contravention date undertaking June 2007 accepted by DHS Goulburn Nagambie Elevated risk of non-compliance Develop options to optimise 1/7/05 24/2/06 1/12/08 Completion date Valley Water to the trihalomethanes and disinfection process and reduce after 30 June 2007 trichloroacetic acid water quality DBP levels standards Goulburn Pyalong Non-compliance with the Develop options to optimise 1/7/05 24/2/06 31/3/07 Undertaking Valley Water trihalomethanes water quality disinfection process and reduce completed by end of standard DBP levels reporting period Goulburn Thornton Non-compliance to the turbidity, In the short-term river turbidity 1/7/05 24/2/06 31/3/07 Undertaking Valley Water trihalomethanes, dichloroacetic levels will be monitored and completed by end of acid and trichloroacetic acid diversion will be ceased, as reporting period water quality standards appropriate, and the off-river storage will be used until turbidity drops. In the long term explore the possibility of constructing a pipeline from Alexander to Thornton. Goulburn Broadford Non-compliance with the Optimise existing treatment 1/7/05 24/2/06 31/3/07 Undertaking Valley Water trihalomethanes, trichloroacetic processes to limit precursor completed by end of acid and aluminium water quality concentrations in the treated water reporting period standards Goulburn Waterford Non-compliance with the Optimise existing treatment 1/7/05 24/2/06 31/3/07 Undertaking Valley Water Park (ex trihalomethanes, trichloroacetic processes to limit precursor completed by end of Broadford) acid and aluminium water quality concentrations in the treated water reporting period standards Goulburn Longwood Non-compliance with the Optimise existing treatment 1/7/05 24/2/06 31/3/07 Undertaking Valley Water aluminium water quality standard processes to limit aluminium completed by end of concentrations in the treated water reporting period Wannon Water Balmoral Non-compliance with Construction of a new water 1/7/05 Original 30/06/2007 Completion date the dichloroacetic acid, treatment plant and clear water undertaking: (extended to after 30 June 2007 trichloroacetic acid and storage. Undertaking amended 24/02/2006 31/12/2007) trihalomethanes water quality because timeline on construction Amended standards of the treatment plant meant that undertaking: original date would not be met. 05/06/2006 Wannon Water Coleraine Non-compliance with the Construction of a pipeline from an 1/7/05 24/2/06 30/6/08 Completion date aluminium, trihalomethanes and alternative source, the Casterton after 30 June 2007 turbidity water quality standards water treatment plant. East Swifts Creek Non-compliance with regulation Swifts Creek is to receive a full water 1/7/05 24/2/06 30/06/2007 Completion date Gippsland 10 (b) of Safe Drinking Water treatment plant capable of treating (extended to after 30 June 2007 Water Regulations 2005 – chlorite levels the variable source water quality to 31/12/2007) exceeding health related guideline enable the use of a chlorine-based value in the 2004 Australian disinfectant. These works will Drinking Water Guidelines. eliminate the need to use chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant and thus mitigate the production of chlorite. East Bemm River Non-compliance with regulation Bemm River is to receive a full water 1/7/05 24/2/06 31/12/2006 Completion date Gippsland 10 (b) of Safe Drinking Water treatment plant capable of treating (extended to after 30 June 2007 Water Regulations 2005 – chlorite levels the variable source water quality to 31/12/07 exceeding health related guideline enable the use of a chlorine-based value in the 2004 Australian disinfectant. These works will Drinking Water Guidelines. eliminate the need to use chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant and thus mitigate the production of chlorite.

East Nowa Nowa Non-compliance with regulation East Gippsland Water intends 1/7/05 24/2/06 31/12/2006 Completion date Gippsland 10 (b) of Safe Drinking Water abandon disinfection with chlorine (extended to after 30 June 2007 Water Regulations 2005 – chlorite levels dioxide and construct a pipeline that 31/12/07 exceeding health related guideline will enable Nowa Nowa to receive value in the 2004 Australian drinking water from the Mitchell Drinking Water Guidelines. River System. Chlorinated water will be piped from the Toorloo Storage Basin which is considered a much more reliable source of clean water. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 119

Water Water Nature of contravention Proposed actions to be taken to Start Date End date Status as at 30 business supply rectify contravention date undertaking June 2007 accepted by DHS Central Avoca Non-compliance with the Upgrade disinfection process from 23/1/06 7/4/06 30/6/07 Undertaking Highlands trihalomethanes water quality chlorination to chloramination. completed by due Water standard This will involve active community date consultation, construction, proof of performance testing, commissioning and performance evaluation. In addition, an alternative groundwater source is currently being investigated that may provide improved water quality as a relief supply. Central Maryborough Non-compliance with the Upgrade disinfection process from 23/1/06 7/4/06 30/6/07 Undertaking Highlands trihalomethanes water quality chlorination to chloramination. completed by due Water standard This will involve active community date consultation, construction, proof of performance testing, commissioning and performance evaluation. In addition, an alternative groundwater source is currently being investigated that may provide improved water quality as a relief supply. North East Corryong Non-compliance with the E. coli Installation and commissioning of a 1/7/05 5/6/06 30/6/07 Undertaking Water water quality standard gas chlorination system and ongoing completed by due maintenance program. date Coliban Water Gunbower Non-compliance with the Decommission Gunbower water 1/11/06 1/11/06 31/12/09 Completion date trichloroacetic acid water quality treatment plant. An upgraded water after 30 June 2007 standard treatment facility is expected to be constructed at Leitchville within the next 3 years and a new pipeline will supply water to the Gunbower township from the Leitchville plant following the upgrade. In the shorter term, Coliban Water will undertake minor works at the Gunbower treatment facility to improve treated water quality. Central Beaufort Non-compliance with the E. coli Implement a more rigorous and 19/5/06 Original 31/12/2006 Undertaking Highlands water quality standard regular maintenance regime to Undertaking: (extended to completed by Water manage the distribution system 17/08/2006 30/04/2007) amended due date quality. Amended Undertaking: 20/02/2007 Mount Baw Mount Baw Likely non-compliance with the Design, install and operationalise 1/9/06 20/9/06 1/6/07 Undertaking Baw Alpine Baw Alpine E. coli standard a second disinfection barrier to completed by due Resort Resort augment the UV disinfection system. date Management Board Western Water Lancefi eld Likely non-compliance with the Construct a Dissolved Air Flotation 1/2/07 20/3/07 30/3/08 Completion date E. coli, aluminium and turbidity Filtration (DAFF) water treatment after 30 June 2007 water quality standards. plant. South Dumbulk Non-compliance with the Install a new raw water basin. If 1/4/07 21/5/07 1/4/09 Completion date Gippsland trihalomethanes water quality this fails to fully resolve the issue, after 30 June 2007 Water standard chloramination will be introduced. South Lance Creek, Non-compliance with the Install a chloramination dosing 1/4/07 21/5/07 1/4/09 Completion date Gippsland Wonthaggi, trihalomethanes water quality system. after 30 June 2007 Water Inverloch, standard Cape Patterson GWM Water Lalbert, Non-compliance with the turbidity Replace the raw water storage at 1/7/06 26/2/07 30/6/09 Completion date Manangatang, water quality standard Manangatang with new tanks, and after 30 June 2007 Ultima line the existing storages at Lalbert and Ultima 120 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water Water Nature of contravention Proposed actions to be taken to Start Date End date Status as at 30 business supply rectify contravention date undertaking June 2007 accepted by DHS Goulburn Thornton Non-compliance with the Construction of a pipeline from 1/4/07 4/10/07 30/6/10 Completion date Valley Water turbidity, trihalomethanes, Alexandra Water Treatment Plant, after 30 June 2007 dichloroacetic acid and combined with optimisation of trichloroacetic acid water quality current water treatment process standards until pipeline is completed. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 121

Appendix E: Regulated water declarations

Water Supplier Water Supply Area Date declared as Publication date in regulated water Government Gazette 2005–06 Reporting Period Lake Mountain Lake Mountain Alpine 23 October 2005 Gazette G47, Alpine Resort Resort 24 November 2005 Management Board Coliban Water Borung, Dingee, Jarklin, 2 January 2006 Gazette G3, Macorna, Mitiamo, Mysia, 19 January 2006 Sebastian and Wychitella Central Highlands Landsborough and Navarre 26 June 2006 Gazette G27, Water 6 July 2006 2006–07 Reporting Period Central Highlands Raglan 25 July 2006 Gazette G31, Water 3 August 2006 Central Highlands Redbank and Amphitheatre 18 August 2006 Gazette G35, Water 31 August Wannon Water Darlington and Macarthur 22 August 2006 Gazette G36, 6 September 2006 Lower Murray Water Millewa water supply 15 February 2007 Special Gazette, s28, system 15 February 2007 GWMWater Murrayville 28 May 2007 Special Gazette s117, 28 May 2007 GWMWater Antwerp, Apsley, 29 June 2007 Special Gazette s143, Berriwillock, Buangor, 29 June 2007 Chillingollah, Chinkapook, Clear Lake, Cowangie, Culgoa, Dooen, Elmhurst, Glenorchy, Goroke, Harrow, Jeparit, Kaniva, Kiata, Lascelles, Lillimur, Marnoo, Miram, Moyston, Nandaly, Natimuk, Nhill, Noradjuha, Patchewollock, Pimpinio, Serviceton, Speed, Streatham, Tarranyurk, Tempy, Underbool, Waitchie, Westmere, Wickliffe, Yaapeet 122 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Appendix F: Contact details for water businesses

Business Postal Address Telephone Website Barwon Water PO Box 659 Geelong 3220 1300 656 007 www.barwonwater.vic.gov.au Central Highlands Water PO Box 152 Ballarat 3353 (03) 5320 3100 www.chw.net.au City West Water Locked Bag 350 Sunshine 3020 131 691 www.citywestwater.com.au Coliban Water Box 2770 Bendigo Delivery Centre Bendigo 1300 363 200 www.coliban.com.au East Gippsland Water PO Box 52 Bairnsdale 3875 1300 720 700 www.egwater.vic.gov.au Falls Creek PO Box 50 Falls Creek 3699 (03) 5758 3224 www.fallscreek.com.au Gippsland Water PO Box 348 Traralgon 3844 1800 066 401 www.gippswater.com.au Goulburn – Murray Rural Water PO Box 165 Tatura 3616 (03) 5833 5500 www.g-mwater.com.au Goulburn Valley Water PO Box 185 Shepparton 3632 (03) 5832 0400 www.gvwater.vic.gov.au GWM Water PO Box 481 Horsham 3402 1300 659 961 www.gwmwater.org.au Lake Mountain PO Box 40 Marysville 3779 (03) 5957 7222 www.lakemountainresort.com.au Lower Murray Water PO Box 1438 Mildura 3502 (03) 5051 3400 www.lmw.vic.gov.au Melbourne Water PO Box 4342 Melbourne 3001 (03) 9235 7100 www.melbournewater.com.au Mount Baw Baw Private Bag Via Noojee 3833 (03) 5165 1136 www.mountbawbaw.com.au Mount Buller C/– Post Offi ce Mount Buller 3723 (03) 5777 6077 www.mtbuller.com.au Mount Hotham PO Box 188 Bright 3741 (03) 5759 3550 www.mthotham.com.au North East Water PO Box 863 Wodonga 3689 1300 361 644 www.nerwa.vic.gov.au Parks Victoria Level 10/535 Bourke Street Melbourne 3000 (03) 8627 4699 www.parkweb.vic.gov.au South East Water Locked Bag 1 Heatherton 3202 (03) 9552 3000 www.southeastwater.com.au South Gippsland Water PO Box 102 Foster 3960 (03) 5682 0444 www.sgwater.com.au Southern Rural Water PO Box 153 Maffra 3860 (03) 5139 3100 www.srw.com.au Wannon Water PO Box 1158 Warnambool 3280 1300 926 666 www.wannonwater.com.au Western Water PO Box 2371 Sunbury DC 3429 1300 650 422 www.westernwater.com.au Westernport Water 2 Boys Home Road New Haven 3925 1300 720 711 www.westernportwater.com.au Yarra Valley Water Private Bag 1 Mitcham 3132 (03) 9874 2122 www.yvw.com.au Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 123

Appendix G: Water quality for 2006-07 reporting period (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. Estimated Estimated Population 31 270,997 Water SupplierWater Barwon WaterBarwon WaterBarwon WaterBarwon Water Aireys InletBarwon Water Anakie Locality Barwon Water AngleseaBarwon Water Apollo BayBarwon Water BannockburnBarwon Water BellarineBarwon Water 1,302 BirregurraBarwon Water Clifton SpringsBarwon Water Colac 2,659 100 359Barwon Water 2,214 Cressy 2,900Barwon Water ForrestBarwon 100 100 Water Gellibrand 0.2 100Barwon 12,145 100 Water 196 Highton 746Barwon Water Highton High Level 0.2 0.5Barwon Water 0.17 Leopold 100 98.2 0.3 0.2Barwon 13,043 Water 100 Little River WestBarwon Water Lorne 481 0.150 0.04 0.08Barwon Water 0.5 Lovely 0.05 Banks 0.6 2,176 320 100 0.05 300 WaterBarwon 0.2 Lovely Banks-Carrs <0.005 Rd 43,669Barwon 100 Water 0.069 0.021 Meredith 100 0.069 100Barwon 0.06 Water 0.029 0.06 100 Montpellier 358 0.2 0.024 10,523 <0.005 <0.005 0.04Barwon 100 Water Moorabool <0.005 <0.005 0.3Barwon Water 70 58,844 Moriac 0.062 0.062 0.2 0.018 <0.005 <0.005 100 1.5 100Barwon Water 0.3 0.06 Ocean 0.084 Acres 1,846 0.007 <0.005 0.2Barwon Water <0.005 <0.005 Ocean Grove <0.005 <0.005 100 0.07 100Barwon — Water Pettavel 0.05 0.007 <0.005 <0.005 0.067 0.04 1,201 56,805 0.3 100 0.04 0.2 WaterBarwon <0.005 Portarlington <0.01 0.006 0.03 —Barwon Water 0.100 293 <0.01 Queenscliff <0.005 0.008 0.9 0.6 0.084 — 0.098Localities and 100 99.5 0.007 –– 0.120 Teesdale 0.08 <0.1 0.007 0.04population 0.2 <0.005 0.087 Torquay <0.005 15,146 <0.1 89 513 0.012 <0.005 100 <0.005 <0.005 — 0.06 Winchelsea 0.06 — <0.005 0.027 0.3 — 0.2 0.009 0.085 — <0.005 0.09 19,260 0.013 6,185 — 100 98.1 100 0.023 0.029 0.2 <0.005 0.044 <0.005 0.047 0.006 4,579 0.017 <0.005 0.05 0.06 — 0.082 100 — 0.030 100 — 0.067 <0.005 <0.005 2,291 <0.005 <0.005 0.2 0.2 <0.005 0.2 — 0.14 100 — 8,802 — <0.005 1,682 0.055 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 — — 0.2 1.0 100 — — 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.100 0.059 <0.005 <0.005 100 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 1.4 100 — — — <0.005 0.04 — 0.06 0.065 0.073 0.060 0.047 — <0.01 0.007 0.3 0.007 <0.01 <0.1 — 0.2 <0.005 0.04 0.2 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.078 <0.1 — 0.008 0.016 <0.1 — 0.06 <0.005 <0.005 0.05 0.020 <0.01 0.008 0.006 <0.005 <0.005 0.05 <0.01 — 0.024 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 — <0.005 <0.1 0.100 0.006 0.006 0.062 <0.1 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 — — <0.005 — — <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.006 <0.005 — — <0.005 — — — <0.005 — <0.005 <0.01 — — — — <0.1 — — — (Abbreviations, symbols and derivation are explained at end of table) 124 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration <0.005<0.005 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005<0.005 — — <0.005 <0.005 — — <0.005 — 0.012<0.005 <0.005 — 0.007 — <0.005<0.005 — 0.014 — 0.022 — —<0.005<0.005 — <0.005<0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.018 <0.005<0.005 — 0.007<0.005 — <0.005 <0.005 — <0.005 — <0.005 — — — — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.500 0.420 0.430 0.370 0.405 0.330 0.470 0.420 0.281 0.306 0.330 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. 3,100 100 0.2 <0.05 0.082 <0.005 0.031 0.012 — — Estimated Estimated Population Hepburn 37 119,510 Central Highlands WaterBeaufort1,2401000.30.08–————— Highlands SupplierWater Central Highlands WaterCentral Alma Highlands WaterCentral Avoca Highlands Water BallanCentral Highlands WaterCentral Ballarat Highlands Central WaterCentral Ballarat North/Nerrina Locality Central Highlands Water WaterCentral Highlands Bet Bet Blackwood/Barrys ReefCentral Highlands Water 3,100 Bungaree/Wallace 29,800Central Highlands Water 340 1,550 Buninyong/MountCentral Helen Highlands Water 2,580 Cardigan VillageCentral Highlands Water 880 100 100Central Carisbrook Highlands Water 100 14,500 100 ClunesCentral Highlands Water 100 210 Creswick 100Central Highlands Water 0.2 0.2 260Central Daisy Highlands Hill Water 100 0.3 0.2 Daylesford High LevelCentral Highlands Water 1.3 270 100 0.6 Daylesford Low Level/ 0.05 100Central Highlands Water 0.04 0.2 0.05 1,240 Dean 0.03 Central Highlands Water <0.05 100 0.3 2,060 eldCentral Enfi <0.05 Highlands Water 0.092 2,060 0.3 0.132 Fiskville/GlenmoreCentral Highlands Water 3,100 100 0.04 Forest Hill Central Highlands Water 0.188 0.2 100 0.005 520 <0.005 Gordon/Mount Egerton 0.05 –Central Highlands Water 100 100 HaddonCentral Highlands Water <0.005 0.05 0.233 1.0 Lal LalCentral 0.020 Highlands Water 0.017 100 0.2 0.210 0.04 210 LearmonthCentral Highlands Water <0.005 0.3 0.014 520 — 0.5Central Lexton Highlands Water 0.018 <0.05 <0.005 0.011 50 Linton 410Central Highlands Water 0.153 1,200 <0.05 0.3 100 0.016 0.006Central Majorca Highlands Water 100 – 0.008 0.08Central Maryborough — — Highlands Water <0.005 — 100 100 0.006Central 0.091 Napoleons Highlands 2,700 Water 100 — 0.8 0.06 SebastopolCentral Highlands Water 0.2 0.015 0.021 0.129 380 Skipton 100Central <0.005 0.170 Highlands Water 0.4 — 0.4 — — — 100 SmythesdaleCentral 0.2 Highlands Water <0.05 <0.005 — 0.012 — 260Central <0.005 Talbot Highlands Water 0.019 0.04 100 100 7,330 460Central Timor Highlands Water 210 0.2 0.02 — 0.025 0.174 Waubra — Central Highlands — Water 0.006 — – 0.015 100 Wendouree 360 0.214Localities and 8,250 — 0.2 100 0.2population 100 <0.005 0.022 100 0.005 0.04 0.047 830 — 0.007 — 670 0.2 0.014 100 100 — 0.016 0.3 0.3 — 0.04 0.01 <0.005 — 0.3 0.183 0.013 <0.005 100 720 100 0.007 0.2 — 27,550 0.2 <0.005 — 230 0.108 <0.005 0.1 260 <0..005 0.20 0.03 0.006 0.008 — 0.05 100 0.4 <0.005 — 0.3 <0.005 <0.005 100 0.022 0.04 98.1 0.04 <0.005 0.202 100 0.193 — — 0.007 0.2 <0.005 0.04 — 0.013 <0.005 0.2 <0.005 0.04 — 0.175 0.3 0.3 <0.005 — <0.005 <0.005 0.030 0.020 0.238 — 0.05 0.202 — <0.05 0.04 — — <0.005 — — 0.014 0.009 0.020 0.009 0.159 — 0.025 0.006 — 0.019 — — 0.006 <0.005 — 0.015 — <0.005 0.012 0.023 — — <0.005 — — 0.015 — <0.005 — — — — — — Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 125 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.013 0.061 0.032 <0.01 <0.1 <0.005 0.033 0.002<0.005 — 0.004 0.004 — —<0.005 — 0.024<0.005 0.016<0.005 0.020 — 0.005 0.013 0.004 — — — — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.390 0.340 0.360 0.310 0.290 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.72 0.390 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. Estimated Estimated Population 14 619,400 Water SupplierWater City West WaterCity West WaterCity West WaterCity West Water AltonaCity West Water Caroline SpringsCity West Water Deer Park Locality City West Water East KeilorCity West Water FootscrayCity West Water Little River 37,530City West Water Moonee PondsCity West Water Parkville 43,270City West Water Richmond 32,200 100City West Water Strathmore 37,160City West Water Taylors Lakes 100 131,360Localities and 74,400 Tullamarine 100 1.1 1,000population 100 Werribee 100 0.5 Werribee South 74,400 100 1.0 100 13,290 0.09 1.2 8,310 76,200 0.6 0.06 100 0.7 100 0.7 0.045 0.05 9,920 100 0.06 100 1,730 78,630 0.043 0.04 <0.005 0.7 0.056 0.06 1.1 100 0.05 0.047 <0.005 0.8 100 1.1 100 0.009 0.054 <0.005 0.04 0.051 <0.005 1.1 0.075 0.004 0.05 <0.005 0.022 0.7 0.04 0.006 0.7 0.08 <0.005 <0.005 0.007 0.057 0.033 0.072 0.005 0.08 — 0.025 0.061 0.005 0.041 <0.005 0.04 0.002 0.021 0.03 <0.005 — 0.040 0.056 <0.005 <0.005 — 0.036 0.006 0.015 0.050 — — 0.057 0.002 <0.005 — 0.003 0.017 — <0.005 0.034 — <0.005 — 0.012 — 0.011 0.026 0.028 — 0.003 — — 0.004 — — 0.023 — — — 0.027 0.028 — — — — — — — — — — Coliban WaterColiban Axedale 240 98.1 0.8 Coliban WaterElmore 8901000.3 — — —— — — 8901000.3 WaterElmore Coliban WaterColiban WaterColiban WaterColiban WaterColiban Water BealibaColiban Water Bendigo (Northern)Coliban Water Bendigo (Southern)Coliban Water Bendigo (Spring Gully)Coliban Water Big HillColiban 33,900 Water BoortColiban Water Bridgewater 17,700 10,700Coliban Water Castlemaine 100 190Coliban Cohuna (Urban) 100Coliban 100 Water Cohuna (Rural)Coliban Water Dunolly 100 0.3 WaterColiban Echuca 0.4 0.3Coliban Water 190 450Coliban Water 8,300 Epsom Huntly – 2,400 990 0.4 0.03Coliban Water Fryerstown 100 0.03 GoornongColiban Water 210 0.03 100 100 Water 100Coliban Guildford 100 <0.05 0.081Coliban Water Gunbower 0.039 0.4 100 0.036 910Coliban Water Harcourt 12,200 2,200 0.9 <0.005 0.3 0.5Coliban Water Heathcote 0.4 <0.005 <0.005 InglewoodColiban Water 98.1 0.7 100 0.005 210 0.03Coliban 100 Water Junortoun 0.11 0.005 350 0.04 Korong 0.005 Vale 0.05 0.02 Kyneton 0.002 0.5 270 0.034 100 0.5 <0.005 0.3 0.08 Laanecoorie 320 0.002 0.011 100 0.034 0.062 Leitchville (Urban) <0.01 2,200 510 <0.005 <0.01 100 <0.01 0.035 0.3 <0.005 0.08 <0.005 880 100 <0.005 0.07 0.03 <0.1 0.4 1,000 0.004 <0.1 98.1 100 <0.005 270 <0.1 0.007 0.017 0.3 0.039 0.018 98.1 0.027 0.055 0.4 0.03 <0.005 560 4,900 100 0.14 0.008 <0.005 90 0.4 0.5 <0.005 0.010 100 0.011 <0.005 <0.005 <0.01 0.4 0.03 0.005 100 100 <0.01 0.011 — 0.3 0.002 98.1 0.012 — 0.005 <0.1 0.03 — 1.0 <0.005 0.10 0.018 <0.1 0.15 <0.005 0.4 — 0.4 <0.005 0.002 0.120 0.8 0.03 0.003 0.008 <0.005 — 0.02 — <0.01 — <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 — 0.02 0.03 0.007 0.042 — 0.08 0.057 <0.1 0.036 <0.01 0.006 <0.005 <0.005 0.064 0.004 — <0.005 0.069 — 0.049 <0.1 <0.005 <0.01 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.006 <0.01 <0.1 <0.005 — 0.009 0.005 0.005 0.002 <0.1 <0.01 <0.005 0.009 0.002 — — <0.1 <0.01 — — <0.1 — — — 126 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration <0.005 0.051 0.059 — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.320 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.8 — 0.17 0.005 0.027 0.065 — — Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL 96 E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. Estimated Estimated Population 44 118,760 19 37,735 Water SupplierWater Coliban WaterColiban WaterColiban WaterColiban Water Leitchville (Rural)Coliban Water LockingtonColiban Water Locality Maiden Gully Marong – Coliban Water MaldonColiban Water MalmsburyColiban Water Newstead 2,660Coliban Water 40 Pyramid HillColiban Water RaywoodColiban Water 450 Rochester 100Coliban Water 100 SerpentineColiban Water eldsaye Strathfi 2,000Coliban Water 100 540 0.3 Taradale Elphinstone - 0.5Coliban Water Tarnagulla 650 WaterColiban 580 100 TooboracLocalities and 0.5 100 Trenthampopulation 0.02 190 3,000 0.02 100 Tylden 470 2,510 100East Gippsland Water Wedderburn 180 0.7 0.3East Gippsland 0.05 Water 0.051 100 0.065 100 BairnsdaleEast 98.1 Gippsland Water 0.3 100 0.5 Bemm River 100East Gippsland Water <0.005 250 0.04 <0.005 Buchan 0.048East Gippsland Water 0.04 0.5 0.4 Cann River 0.4East Gippsland Water 0.4 110 0.03 0.005 880 <0.005 Dinner Plain 0.6 0.027 0.13East Gippsland 1,000 Water 100 0.007 Eagle 0.002 Point - PaynesvilleEast Gippsland Water 220 0.10 Kalimna 0.002 0.04 13,643East Gippsland 0.012 0.02 0.016 100 Water <0.005 0.046 100 0.02 0.065 98.1 Lindenow <0.005East Gippsland Water 0.5 0.06 162 Lindenow <0.01 South 4,124East Gippsland <0.005 Water 100 0.220 0.014 0.047 0.004 <0.005 100 Mallacoota 0.012 —East Gippsland Water 0.040 0.5 0.006 0.3 0.4 162 Merrangbaur 304 0.068East Gippsland Water <0.1 100 <0.005 0.07 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 Metung 100 <0.005 27 0.014East Gippsland 0.3 — <0.005 <0.005 Water 1.2 Nicholson <0.005 - Swan ReachEast Gippsland Water 100 <0.005 0.02 — <0.01 100 0.029 0.12 Nowa Nowa 0.012 — 0.041East Gippsland 0.005 Water <0.01 1.2 0.011 950 204 0.004 100 0.8 Omeo 507East Gippsland 0.005 Water 0.05 <0.01 — Orbost <0.1 0.024 1,126 <0.005East Gippsland <0.005 1,765 Water 0.008 — 2.9 0.068 <0.1 1.7 1,137 eld - Bruthen 0.002 Sarsfi 0.027 —East Gippsland <0.005 100 Water 100 0.2 100 <0.1 Sunlakes — - Toorloo <0.01 0.004 <0.005Localities and <0.01 <0.005 — <0.01population Swifts 100 — Creek <0.005 1,665 0.08 100 — — <0.005 <0.005 1.0 — 1.4 <0.1 0.002 <0.1 — 162 0.7 <0.1 — 1,053 0.011 — 0.12 100 0.6 0.005 <0.005 0.006 6,995 1.1 — — 402 0.24 100 0.11 3,151 — 0.009 — — 100 0.005 — <0.005 0.024 0.8 — — — 0.05 100 196 <0.01 0.005 100 — 100 0.005 4.8 — <0.01 0.012 0.040 0.20 0.9 0.10 0.09 0.27 0.038 1.4 — 100 — — 0.5 0.048 — 1.0 <0.1 0.021 0.4 0.18 — 0.005 0.005 — 0.005 0.078 0.005 — 0.083 2.9 0.18 — — — 0.005 — 0.013 0.12 0.025 0.10 0.022 0.022 — — — — 0.36 0.010 0.005 0.057 0.050 0.04 — 0.035 0.10 0.11 0.052 — — — 0.100 0.007 0.010 — — — — — 0.005 — 0.005 0.005 — — — 0.040 0.140 — — 0.017 0.016 0.023 — — — — 0.180 — — — 0.032 0.033 0.073 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 127 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration <0.05 0.06 0.08 — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.280 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. 1,053 100 0.2 0.04 0.076 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 — — Estimated Estimated Population Traralgon South/ North Hazelwood 35 109,966 Water SupplierWater Gippsland WaterGippsland Water WaterGippsland BoisdaleGippsland Water BoolarraGippsland Water BriagolongGippsland Water Locality ChurchillGippsland Water Water Coongulla/GlenmaggieGippsland CowwarrGippsland Water DrouinGippsland Water EricaGippsland Water 176 70 eld Heyfi Gippsland Water 478 472 JumbukGippsland Water 4,898 MaffraGippsland Water 100 100 MirbooGippsland North Water 100 100 MoeGippsland Water 225 100 MorwellGippsland Water 0.4 5,815 0.2 NeerimGippsland South 0.2 Water 0.6 1,436 NewboroughGippsland Water 100 194 0.2 NoojeeGippsland Water 100 0.10 180 0.04 1,382 <0.02 RawsonGippsland Water 0.04 3,916 100 100 Buln Rokeby/Buln Gippsland 0.2 Water 0.04 RosedaleGippsland Water 0.2 0.073 0.150 100 0.140 100 12,278 15,117 Sale/WurrukGippsland 0.120 Water 535 100 0.2 0.8 4,666 SeasprayGippsland Water <0.05 0.06 <0.05 <0.05 0.092 StratfordGippsland <0.05 Water 0.10 0.2 0.2 100 100 100 Thorpdale 831Gippsland Water 0.2 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 100 <0.02 0.095 Toongabbie 119 0.17 Water Gippsland <0.02 277 0.093 Trafalgar 0.2 0.2 12,854 0.04 0.08Gippsland 100 Water <0.02 <0.02 1,042 0.2 <0.02 <0.05 Traralgon 0.072 0.03 0.06 0.2 100Gippsland <0.02 Water <0.05 100Gippsland Water <0.05 <0.02 100 0.088 <0.02 208 0.058 100 0.05 0.2 Tyers/GlengarryGippsland 0.03 Water <0.02 — — 1,330 0.059 <0.02 — 0.3 WarragulGippsland Water — 0.14 155 <0.05 <0.05 0.5 <0.02 463 WarragulGippsland South Water 0.02 100 <0.05 0.2 — 0.074 0.067 0.069 0.2 100 Willow GroveGippsland Water 0.11 2,279 0.03 — — 0.083 <0.02 19,614 <0.02 <0.02 Yallourn NorthLocalities and <0.02 100 — <0.05 — <0.05 <0.05 100 <0.02population 0.16 Yarragon — 0.6 914 0.03 <0.05 0.068 0.2 Yinnar — 100 0.03 — <0.02 0.037 100 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.4 — 1,157 0.250 0.2 13,196 <0.05 <0.02 100 0.067 <0.05 0.03 0.093 — 0.3 0.03 <0.02 — <0.02 194 0.1 <0.02 <0.05 1,185 — — 100 — <0.02 <0.05 100 0.05 <0.02 <0.05 — <0.02 0.11 0.2 0.170 0.061 100 0.11 0.08 100 — 707 — — <0.02 0.04 <0.02 0.3 — 0.130 <0.02 <0.02 — <0.05 0.2 — 0.080 — <0.05 550 0.02 0.094 0.08 <0.05 <0.02 0.2 100 0.2 0.072 <0.02 <0.02 <0.05 — — — — 0.11 <0.02 — 0.11 <0.05 100 0.083 — <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 — 0.3 — 0.02 0.05 — 0.09 <0.02 0.100 <0.05 — 0.091 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 — 0.2 <0.02 <0.05 — 0.007 0.089 <0.05 0.15 <0.02 — — <0.02 — — <0.02 — <0.05 0.05 <0.05 0.02 <0.02 — <0.02 0.110 — — — — <0.02 <0.02 0.083 <0.05 0.02 0.02 — — — <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 — — 0.02 — — — 0.03 — — 0.02 — — 0.02 — — — — — — 128 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.170 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration <0.005 0.013 0.012 — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.066 <0.005 0.017 0.021 — — 0.071 <0.005 0.013 0.015 — — 0.060 <0.005 0.032 0.074 — — 0.150 <0.005 0.044 0.074 — — 0.067 <0.005 0.018 0.018 — — 0.021 <0.005 0.008 0.007 — — 0.310 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.33 0.33 0.48 0.36 0.27 0.77 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. 1,767 100 0.2 0.06 0.070 <0.005 0.025 0.043 3,990 100 0.6 0.07 0.059 <0.005 0.017 0.022 — — 5,784 100 0.2 0.06 0.058 <0.005 0.019 0.033 — — 2,005 100 0.4 0.13 0.060 <0.005 0.012 0.039 Estimated Estimated Population (Lower Elevation Areas) (Upper Elevation Areas) (Upper Elevation Areas) (Lower Elevation Areas) Goulburn Water Valley Goulburn Water Valley PicolaGoulburn Valley Water Pyalong WaterGoulburn Valley RushworthGoulburn Water Valley Sawmill Settlement Seymour Goulburn Water Valley Seymour Goulburn Valley WaterGoulburn Valley Water Shepparton 941Goulburn Valley Water 163 Stanhope 1,366 365Goulburn Water Valley Strathmerton Goulburn Water Valley 100 Tallarook 100Goulburn Water Valley 100 100 Tallygaroopna Tatura 0.6 39,744 0.4 0.4 0.1 556 616 100 0.02 0.06 <0.01 0.06 324 287 100 100 0.2 0.110 0.066 4,398 0.031 100 100 <0.005 1.3 0.2 <0.005 <0.005 0.08 100 0.1 0.054 0.2 0.018 0.011 0.07 0.06 0.058 0.110 0.2 0.022 0.05 0.019 0.07 <0.005 0.070 0.037 0.09 — <0.005 0.100 <0.005 0.014 — 0.092 <0.005 <0.005 0.023 0.013 0.017 0.041 — — 0.006 <0.005 0.042 0.029 0.016 — 0.029 0.011 0.061 — — — 0.011 — — — — — — — — Goulburn Water Valley Goulburn Valley Water MooroopnaGoulburn Water Valley MurchisonGoulburn Valley Water Nagambie WaterGoulburn Valley Nathalia Numurkah 8,380 1,097 1,708 100 1,679 4,599 100 100 0.1 100 100 0.1 0.1 0.19 0.2 0.4 0.04 0.01 0.054 <0.01 0.052 <0.005 0.100 <0.005 0.061 0.013 <0.005 <0.005 0.012 0.015 0.039 0.023 0.011 0.066 — 0.026 — — — — — — — Goulburn Valley Water Merrijig 139 100 0.5 0.02 0.150 <0.005 0.066 Goulburn Valley Water WaterGoulburn Valley Marysville Merrigum 962 586 100 100 0.9 0.3 0.09 0.070 <0.005 0.027 0.024 — — Goulburn Valley Water Valley Goulburn Kilmore Water Valley Goulburn eld Mansfi 4,012 100 0.2 Goulburn Valley Water WaterGoulburn Valley Kyabram Longwood 6,816 266 100 100 0.2 0.4 0.06 0.053 <0.005 0.014 0.012 — — Goulburn Water Valley Goulburn Valley Water KatamatiteGoulburn Water Valley Katandra West Water Valley Goulburn Katunga Kilmore 280 272 215 100 100 100 1.2 1.3 0.3 0.19 0.08 <0.01 0.059 0.066 <0.005 <0.005 0.005 <0.005 0.023 0.015 <0.005 0.020 0.015 <0.005 — — — — — — Goulburn Valley WaterGoulburn Valley Water Valley Goulburn Doon Bonnie Goulburn Water Valley BroadfordGoulburn Water Valley Buxton Goulburn Valley Water CobramGoulburn Valley Water Colbinabbin Goulburn Valley Water Dookie WaterGoulburn Valley Eildon 511 WaterGoulburn Valley Euroa 4,005 Girgarre 100 598 100 5,537 160 2.0 100 387 0.3 100 100 1,487 3,559 0.05 306 0.8 100 0.2 0.10 3.9 100 100 0.160 100 0.7 0.140 0.08 0.04 4.3 0.14 0.008 0.4 <0.005 1.2 0.170 0.12 0.025 0.035 0.036 0.03 0.038 <0.005 0.12 <0.005 <0.005 0.055 0.065 0.052 0.074 0.052 0.160 0.009 <0.005 0.014 — <0.005 — 0.120 <0.005 0.011 0.024 0.017 0.033 0.034 — — 0.035 — — — 0.053 0.044 — — — — — — — — — Water SupplierWater Goulburn Valley WaterGoulburn Water Valley Alexandra WaterGoulburn Valley Avenel Barmah Locality 2,813 905 100 312 100 100 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.21 0.12 0.049 <0.005 0.120 <0.005 0.026 0.054 0.044 0.087 — — — — Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 129 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration —— (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.230 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.006 0.036 0.043 — — 0.0050.0070.015 0.0100.005 0.055 0.042 0.005 0.009 0.076 0.064 — 0.0050.005 — — — 0.023 — — 0.036 — — — — 0.008 0.052 0.024 — — 0.0050.008 0.029 0.025 0.017 0.017 — — — — 0.006 0.0280.005 0.014 0.014 — 0.007 — — — 0.006 0.065 0.081 — — <0.005 0.087 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.089 <0.005 0.021 0.021 — — 0.550 0.400 0.310 0.280 0.310 0.300 0.280 0.580 0.690 0.450 0.400 0.340 0.350 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration — — — 0.250 0.005 0.032 0.042 — — — 0.075 0.005 0.025 0.031 — — — — — 0.190 0.005 0.047 0.049 — — — — 0.150 0.005 0.029 0.045 — — — 0.100 0.005 0.031 0.060 — — 0.36 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 7.9 5.1 5.1 6.9 5.8 5.3 27.7 22.9 12.4 28.2 Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. 1,980 100 0.2 0.13 0.150 <0.005 0.041 0.064 — — Estimated Estimated Population 50 121,059 Junction Goulburn Water Valley Goulburn Valley Water YarroweyahLocalities and Yeapopulation GWM Water WaterGWM GWM Water WaterGWM 129 Ararat Beulah Birchip 1,462 100 Brim 100 0.1 7,200 0.5 0.03 230 800 100 0.08 0.039 100 100 100 0.5 <0.005 0.081 100 4.6 0.4 0.010 <0.005 0.09 0.012 — 0.027 0.02 0.150 0.040 — 0.009 0.220 — 0.079 0.005 — 0.120 0.019 — 0.015 — — — — Goulburn Water Valley Water Valley Goulburn Waterford Park Wunghnu 160 344 100 100 0.6 0.3 0.22 0.160 <0.005 0.031 0.039 — — GWM WaterGWM WaterGWM WaterGWM GWM WaterGWM Water CharltonGWM Water DimboolaGWM Water Donald WaterGWM EdenhopeGWM Water Great Western WaterGWM Halls Gap Haven ^ Hopetoun 1,100 1,560 Horsham Jung 1,380 100 150 780 100 100 260 0.4 100 100 0.5 670 – 13,290 1.0 100 0.3 0.08 0.5 0.02 100 100 100 90 0.5 — 0.06 — 0.5 0.5 0.5 98.1 0.10 0.180 0.038 0.18 0.10 0.05 0.160 0.009 0.005 0.190 0.170 0.005 0.079 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.030 0.100 0.005 0.031 0.030 0.031 — — 0.026 0.026 — — — — — — — — Goulburn Valley WaterGoulburn Valley Water TongalaGoulburn Valley Water Toolamba Goulburn Valley Water TrawoolGoulburn Valley Water Violet Town Wandong - Heathcote 1,468 317 905 137 100 100 100 100 0.3 0.1 2.4 0.3 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.037 0.090 <0.005 0.095 0.190 <0.005 0.012 <0.005 <0.005 0.011 0.013 0.020 0.024 0.027 0.019 0.057 — — — — — — — — GWM WaterGWM Manangatang 310 100 Water SupplierWater WaterGoulburn Valley Thornton Locality 260 100 1.0 0.09 WaterGWM Minyip 480 100 GWM Water WaterGWM Lake Bolac ^^ Lalbert 240 100 100 100 1.4 0.05 — — — — — — GWM WaterGWM GWM Water WaterGWM Murrayville ^^^ Murtoa Nullawil 240 100 840 100 0.6 100 100 — 0.6 — 0.06 — — — GWM WaterGWM Water WaterGWM GWM Water WaterGWM Ouyen Pomonal Quambatook Rainbow Rupanyup 1,250 280 150 100 560 98.1 410 100 0.4 100 98.1 0.5 2.4 0.01 0.05 0.073 0.06 0.014 0.005 0.005 0.022 0.024 0.025 0.039 — — — — GWM WaterGWM WaterGWM Water WaterGWM Sea Lake Arnaud St Stawell Ultima 690 2,640 6,270 100 100 190 100 0.4 98.1 0.4 0.05 0.17 0.180 0.079 0.005 0.005 0.016 0.016 0.010 0.013 — — — — 130 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.005 0.014 0.012 — — 0.0050.005 0.049 0.034 0.072 0.067 — — — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.120 <0.005 0.020 0.031 <0.01 <0.1 0.006 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.01 <0.1 0.007 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.01 <0.1 0.480 0.610 0.480 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration — 0.63 0.84 0.64 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 19.2 Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. 1,165 100 0.9 0.19 0.006 <0.005 0.006 <0.005 <0.01 <0.1 Estimated Estimated Population Level 36 46,430 14 54,430 GWM WaterWillaura ^^3001001.80.04 — ——— — —— — — ^^3001001.80.04 18098.13.4 WaterWatchem WaterWillaura GWM GWM WaterGWM Woomelang 220 100 Water SupplierWater GWM Water WaterGWM Walpeup Warracknabeal Locality 2,490 150 100 100 0.6 3.1 0.18 — 0.120 0.005 0.025 0.029 — — North East WaterNorth East WaterNorth East Water Goorambat Harrietville Kiewa 140 458 100 341 98.1 0.2 100 0.8 <0.01 0.1 <0.01 0.032 0.040 0.07 <0.005 <0.005 0.006 <0.005 0.018 <0.005 <0.005 0.034 <0.01 0.007 <0.01 <0.005 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 North East WaterNorth East WaterNorth East Water Bellbridge North East Water Benalla North East Water Bright North East Water Bundalong North East Water Chiltern North East Water Corryong High Level North East Water Corryong Level Low North East Water Cudgewa 426North East Water 10,936 Dartmouth North East Devenish Water 169 3,081 100 133 1,375 Ebden/Baranduda Low 100 1,297 Glenrowan 100 100 100 0.2 100 0.4 100 151 203 3.5 1.5 0.2 3.8 0.02 112 0.2 0.08 100 98.1 <0.01 0.06 343 0.050 0.05 0.03 100 0.062 2.6 0.07 0.9 <0.005 0.047 0.060 100 0.042 <0.005 0.054 0.2 0.072 <0.005 0.031 <0.005 0.05 <0.005 <0.005 0.06 0.007 0.4 <0.005 0.04 0.040 0.040 0.033 0.015 0.069 0.023 0.018 0.086 0.015 <0.01 0.071 0.050 <0.005 0.230 0.015 <0.01 <0.005 0.043 0.042 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.005 <0.01 0.040 <0.01 <0.1 0.028 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 0.034 0.058 <0.1 <0.1 0.047 <0.1 <0.01 0.050 <0.01 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 North East Water Beechworth Low Level 1,131 100 0.3 GWM WaterGWM Localities and population Lower Murray Water WycheproofLower Murray Water IrympleLower Murray Water KerangLower Murray Water KoondrookLower Murray Water Boga Lake Lower Murray Water MerbeinLower Murray Water MilduraLower Murray Water 730 MurrabitLower Murray Water NyahLower Murray Water 1,100 NyahLower West Murray Water 100 4,000 850 PiangilLower Murray Water Red CliffsLower Murray 600 Water 100 RobinvaleLower Murray 3.9 Water 1,800 100 100 29,000 Swan HillLocalities and population 100 Woorinen 0.5 South 100 90 0.4North East Water — 0.4 100 550North East Water 350 0.4 0.18 100 2,800 0.5 Barnawartha 190 0.13 0.3 2,250 100 0.24 Beechworth 100 High Level 10,500 350 0.054 0.05 100 0.5 100 0.020 0.11 100 0.025 <0.05 0.3 <0.005 0.3 100 100 2,223 0.038 <0.005 0.5 <0.005 0.051 0.3 0.17 0.033 0.008 564 0.4 <0.05 <0.005 <0.05 100 0.3 0.6 0.007 <0.005 0.007 <0.005 0.043 0.006 <0.05 0.05 0.013 100 0.059 <0.05 0.006 0.053 0.005 0.3 <0.05 0.006 <0.005 0.06 0.008 <0.005 — 0.008 0.039 0.053 <0.01 <0.005 0.041 0.1 <0.01 0.008 0.090 0.016 0.006 0.048 <0.005 <0.005 0.008 — <0.005 0.010 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 — <0.01 — <0.01 0.019 <0.005 0.011 0.013 0.011 0.012 0.016 0.008 <0.01 <0.01 0.040 — 0.004 0.009 0.008 — — 0.008 — 0.009 <0.01 <0.005 0.011 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 — <0.01 <0.01 — — <0.01 <0.005 <0.01 <0.01 — <0.1 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 131 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.030 <0.005 0.012 0.015 <0.01 <0.1 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.35 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.9 0.02 — — — — <0.01 <0.1 Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL 94.1 E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. 403 100 0.1 0.07 0.006 <0.005 0.006 <0.005 <0.01 <0.1 Estimated Estimated Population 41 99,456 Level Water SupplierWater North East WaterNorth East WaterNorth East Water Moyhu Mount Beauty Myrtleford Locality 1,568 252 3,515 98 100 0.3 0.4 <0.01 0.05 — 0.067 <0.005 — 0.021 — 0.031 <0.01 — <0.1 <0.01 0.1 North East WaterLocalities and population Yarrawonga South East WaterSouth East WaterSouth East Water BalnarringSouth East Water BayswaterSouth East Water BeaumarisSouth East Water 7,992 BelgraveSouth East Water BerwickSouth East Water BitternSouth East Water 100 Brighton/HeathertonSouth East Water 5,810 Bunyip 66,940South East Water Carrum Downs 30,860South East Water 0.6 eld Caulfi 209,000South East Water 100 17,870 100 ChelseaSouth East Water 100 69,160 Cora LynnSouth East Water 0.05 100 Cranbourne South East Water 0.7 100 4,800 1.1 Dandenong 18,590South East Water 100 0.8 Dandenong North 0.031 2,400 0.9 Devon Meadows 168,060 100 1.2 — 100 Dromana — <0.005 0.8 49,860 — 100 33,720 100 — 120 0.8 25,670 106,105 — 0.009 1.0 0.065 99.4 0.061 — 5,360 0.8 100 0.044 1.7 100 100 0.008 <0.005 99.7 — 0.054 <0.005 0.074 — 0.9 18,680 <0.005 100 <0.01 0.047 — 1.6 0.006 <0.005 0.6 0.008 1.4 <0.005 1.1 — <0.005 0.068 99.2 <0.005 <0.1 <0.005 0.043 — 1.4 0.031 0.038 0.008 — 0.062 <0.005 0.017 — — — 0.063 <0.005 0.006 0.020 0.7 — 0.038 <0.005 <0.005 — — 0.057 <0.005 — 0.006 0.016 0.041 0.045 — 0.056 0.061 <0.005 <0.005 — 0.030 — 0.009 — <0.005 0.014 0.049 — <0.005 <0.005 — <0.005 <0.005 0.006 — — — 0.028 <0.005 <0.005 0.007 <0.005 0.076 — — 0.007 0.018 — — <0.005 0.012 <0.005 — 0.014 0.020 — 0.026 — — 0.021 0.019 — — — — — — 0.037 — — — — — — — — — North East WaterNorth East WaterNorth East Water Oxley North East Water Porepunkah North East Water Rutherglen North East Water Springhurst North East Water St. James North East Water Tallangatta North East Water Tangambalanga North East Water Tawonga North East Water 770 Tungamah 309North East Water 2,462 Wahgunyah North East Water 192 Walwa North East Water 100 100 Wandiligong 100North East Water 1,115 99 447 Wangaratta 100 eldNorth East Water Whitfi 1.3 0.4 1,474North 0.3 East Water 100 Wodonga/Baranduda 98.1 High 100North East Water 411 1.8 962 Wodonga High Level North East Water <0.01 98 Wodonga Logic Centre 0.3 0.1 0.09 1.9 0.08 434 100 Wodonga Level Low 19,219 122 100 0.14 0.076 Yackandandah 10,340 0.056 0.7 0.070 0.06 100 122 0.08 0.17 100 1.6 500 100 <0.005 0.150 0.5 21,689 <0.005 <0.005 100 0.042 97.9 0.010 0.170 0.02 0.026 1.1 0.2 100 0.006 0.3 0.12 100 0.020 0.024 0.07 811 <0.005 0.2 <0.005 0.006 0.044 5.0 0.037 <0.01 0.026 0.2 0.120 0.026 0.02 0.07 <0.005 0.2 0.011 0.040 100 <0.01 0.039 0.07 0.093 <0.01 <0.005 <0.01 0.058 <0.005 0.05 <0.050 0.049 0.028 0.049 0.08 <0.1 — 0.034 <0.01 0.06 1.2 <0.005 0.006 <0.1 0.026 <0.1 <0.01 <0.005 <0.01 0.006 <0.005 <0.01 0.046 <0.1 <0.005 0.150 0.022 0.023 <0.1 — 0.009 0.012 <0.1 0.023 <0.1 <0.005 <0.005 — <0.01 0.063 <0.01 — 0.008 0.023 <0.005 <0.005 — <0.01 0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 0.017 <0.01 <0.005 — <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 0.009 <0.01 <0.1 0.2 <0.01 — <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 132 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.006 0.031 0.014 — — <0.005 0.026 0.014 < 0.005< 0.005< 0.026 0.028 0.013 0.046 — — — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.210 0.005 < 0.014 0.011 — — 0.290 0.290 0.280 0.270 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.51 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. Estimated Estimated Population 39 1,421,030 South Gippsland WaterSouth Gippsland Water LochSouth Gippsland Water MeeniyanSouth Gippsland Water NyoraSouth Gippsland Water PoowongSouth Gippsland Water Port FranklinSouth Gippsland Water Port WelshpoolSouth Gippsland Water Toora Wonthaggi 390 200 540 300 150 480 100 98.1 100 100 100 100 6,150 0.3 0.4 490 0.3 0.4 0.5 100 0.3 0.12 100 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.5 0.02 0.06 0.220 0.005 0.6 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.007 0.006 0.062 0.160 0.04 0.06 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.013 0.011 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.011 0.140 <0.005 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.023 < 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 — — 0.010 0.039 0.030 — — — — — — 0.034 — — — — — — Water SupplierWater South East WaterSouth East WaterSouth East Water Ferntree GullySouth East Water FrankstonSouth East Water Frankston SouthSouth East Water Locality eld Garfi South East Water HallamSouth East Water HastingsSouth East Water 19,000 KaringalSouth East Water 10,860 Wee Koo RupSouth East Water 85,310 Lang Lang 100South East Water MoorooducSouth East Water 100 Mordialloc 100 1,190South East Water Mornington 62,520 1.3South East Water Mount Martha 7,980South East Water 1.5 1,640 100 Pakenham 0.8 1,300South East Water 100 RowvilleSouth East Water — 1,190 100 RyeSouth East Water — 100 1.0 120 100 Shoreham 30,780South East Water — 0.8 40,400 Somerville 100South East Water 7,880 0.8 0.058 South MelbourneSouth East Water 1.0 100 99.2 1.0 0.057 Tynong — 12,650Localities and 100 <0.005 0.062 eldpopulation — Upper Beaconsfi 0.7 100 30,710 <0.005 — Wantirna 0.8South Gippsland Water 0.7 — <0.005 100 — 0.012 147,930South 0.063 Gippsland 3,280 0.8 Water Alberton <0.005 72,810 14,740 1.0 — 0.052South Gippsland 100 Water Cape Paterson 1,800 0.014 0.067 0.035 <0.005South Gippsland Water — 99.7 1.2 — Dumbalk 0.053 0.023 100 <0.005 0.050South Gippsland Water 99.6 Fish Creek — 100 1,090 <0.005 0.025 — 3.2 <0.005South Gippsland Water 0.062 100 — Foster <0.005 <0.005South — 22,850 Gippsland 1.2 Water 0.007 Inverloch — 0.060 0.7 0.042 1.1South Gippsland Water <0.005 0.018 — 0.010 0.8 Koonwarra 100 <0.005 0.071 <0.005South Gippsland Water — 0.9 Korumburra 650 0.075 0.030 — <0.005 400 <0.005 100South Gippsland Water 0.09 Lance — Creek 0.006 0.031 — <0.005 <0.005 — 0.054 — 0.020 <0.005 Leongatha 0.5 — <0.005 — — 130 0.010 100 270 98.1 0.060 — 1.1 0.009 — 0.060 — <0.005 0.014 — 0.013 0.005 — 3,740 0.024 0.061 990 <0.005 100 0.069 <0.005 — 100 0.5 0.040 — — 0.3 130 0.008 3,030 0.032 0.054 0.036 — <0.005 — — — <0.005 — 0.009 — <0.005 100 <0.005 100 50 0.6 0.022 <0.005 — 0.5 4,100 0.065 100 100 — 0.04 — 0.05 0.007 0.020 <0.005 0.030 0.020 0.077 — <0.005 100 0.5 0.6 — <0.005 — 100 0.07 0.027 0.3 0.4 0.005 0.09 — 0.039 0.011 <0.005 — — — 0.020 <0.005 0.8 0.005 < 0.04 — 0.02 — 0.5 — — 0.007 0.250 0.12 — 0.03 0.008 — — <0.005 0.005 < 0.250 0.130 0.032 0.05 — — 0.230 <0.005 0.170 — — — < 0.005 0.005 < 0.020 — 0.005 < < 0.005 — 0.011 0.007 — 0.026 <0.005 0.020 — 0.009 0.008 — — 0.005 0.020 — — — — — — — — — Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 133 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration <0.005 0.030 0.014 — — <0.005 0.011 0.005 — — <0.005 0.014 0.005 — — <0.005 0.005 0.005 — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.016 <0.005 0.011 0.018 — — 0.036 <0.005 0.006 0.014 — — 0.090 <0.005 0.017 0.023 — — 0.110 <0.005 0.008 0.005 — — 0.130 <0.005 0.018 0.020 — — 0.160 <0.005 0.021 0.055 — — 0.740 0.390 0.430 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 1.20 0.28 0.26 0.65 0.330 0.25 0.50 0.27 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 4.5 — 0.065 0.006 0.021 0.023 — — Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL 96.8 E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. Estimated Estimated Population 33 71,570 19 24,380 Wannon WaterWannon WaterWannon Water CaramutWannon Water Casterton Cavendish Cobden 100 1,640 120 100 1,420 100 0.3 100 1.3 0.08 0.4 — 0.027 0.130 <0.005 0.006 <0.005 <0.005 0.007 — 0.006 — — — Wannon Water Camperdown Urban 3,130 100 0.2 Water SupplierWater South Gippsland WaterLocalities and Yarrampopulation Wannon WaterWannon Water Locality Wannon Water Allansford Balmoral 2,190 Camperdown Rural 100 400 530 0.3 200 100 100 0.06 100 0.2 0.2 <0.004 1.2 0.005 < 0.12 <0.005 — 0.026 <0.005 <0.005 — <0.005 <0.005 — — — Wannon WaterWannon WaterWannon WaterWannon Water MerinoWannon Water MortlakeWannon Water Noorat/GlenormistonWannon Water PaaratteWannon Water PenshurstWannon Water PeterboroughWannon Water Port Campbell 350Wannon Water Port FairyWannon Water 200 Portland 940Wannon Water 100 PurnimWannon Water SandfordWannon Water 210 100 Simpson 500 100 150Wannon Water 0.2 Tarrington 460Localities and Terangpopulation 100 3.2 2,710 100 100 Timboon 0.3 10,130 100 Warrnambool 0.12 0.2 100 0.3 0.3 — 70 0.11 99.6 0.110 90 0.2 130 110 0.4 0.03 <0.005 0.071 100 0.11 0.2 0.130 — 31,020 1,860 100 0.04 100 780 100 <0.005 0.032 0.023 <0.005 0.017 1.2 — 100 100 3.4 0.090 0.017 — <0.005 0.1 100 0.044 0.027 0.012 <0.005 0.3 <0.005 <0.005 0.2 <0.005 0.2 0.042 0.14 0.032 — <0.005 0.049 — 0.011 0.2 0.14 <0.005 <0.005 0.17 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.120 <0.005 — 0.15 0.15 — <0.005 <0.005 0.075 0.150 <0.005 — 0.10 <0.005 <0.005 — — — 0.020 0.110 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 — — <0.005 0.045 0.041 <0.005 <0.005 0.011 0.010 — — <0.005 — — — 0.059 <0.005 0.029 0.016 0.007 <0.005 — <0.005 — 0.042 — <0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — Wannon WaterWannon WaterWannon WaterWannon Water Hamilton Heywood Koroit Lismore 9,370 1,280 99.0 1,380 100 300 0.6 100 100 0.6 0.3 0.2 — 0.21 0.023 0.020 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 — — — — Wannon WaterWannon Water Dunkeld Glenthompson 130 400 100 100 0.6 1.1 0.20 0.230 <0.005 0.026 0.028 — — Wannon WaterWannon WaterWannon Water Coleraine Dartmoor Derrinallum 980 250 230 100 100 100 1.3 0.2 0.3 — — 0.011 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 — — 134 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.005 0.042 0.041 — — 0.005 0.042 0.055 — — <0.005<0.005 0.026 0.010 0.019 0.007 — — — — <0.005<0.005 0.020<0.005<0.005 0.045 0.017 0.049 0.021 0.023 0.031 0.016 — — — — — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.270 0.310 0.280 0.310 0.340 0.260 0.280 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.49 0.355 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. Estimated Estimated Population 99,760 18 131,380 Westernport WaterWesternport WaterLocalities and San Remopopulation Ventnor WaterYarra Valley Yarra Valley WaterYarra Water Valley Bayswater North Water Valley Yarra Brahams Road WaterYarra Valley Bundoora 1,600Yarra Valley Water CroydonYarra Water Valley 1,760 DoncasterYarra Valley Water 5,820 Eltham 100Yarra Valley Water Emerald 100Yarra Valley Water Epping 140Yarra Water Valley 100 0.8 Glen Waverley 121,510 Glenroy 126,290 0.5 100 Healesville 78,120 1.1 100 0.13 100 35,010 0.04 1.3 13,150 100 123,520 1.1 50,930 — 1.1 100 98.7 100 96,450 1.1 8,340 — 100 0.11 0.065 0.5 — 1.4 100 1.2 100 — 0.003 0.072 — 0.6 0.08 0.051 1.1 0.011 — 0.003 0.7 — 0.061 0.09 — 0.003 0.063 0.034 0.011 0.003 0.048 — 0.069 0.06 0.009 0.058 0.003 — 0.034 — 0.012 0.003 0.003 0.046 0.140 0.003 0.063 0.005 — 0.032 0.010 — 0.010 — — 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.026 — 0.033 0.031 — 0.017 0.025 0.008 — — — — — 0.074 — 0.034 — — — — — — — — — — Western WaterWestern WaterWestern WaterWestern Water Riddells CreekWestern Water RockbankWestern Water RomseyLocalities and Sunburypopulation Toolern ValeWesternport Water Woodend 3,270Westernport WaterWesternport Water Bass 2,020Westernport Water 100 Cape Woolamai WaterWesternport 4,200 Corinella 35,880Westernport Water Cowes 100 580Westernport Water Grantville 0.8 5,490 100 Kilcunda 100 Rhyll 100 0.9 900 0.12 100 0.3 1.1 240 0.3 0.11 860 100 0.066 0.2 2,600 0.01 650 100 0.12 0.042 0.005 100 0.09 0.4 450 100 0.08 0.040 100 0.019 1.8 0.005 0.012 700 0.169 0.5 100 0.06 0.005 0.036 1.0 0.005 0.018 0.5 0.013 0.005 100 0.18 0.008 0.6 0.07 0.005 0.006 0.031 — 0.13 0.012 0.09 0.180 1.0 0.003 0.003 0.230 0.009 — 0.24 0.023 <0.005 — — <0.005 0.001 — 0.03 — 0.008 — 0.015 — — 0.004 — 0.013 — — — — — — Water SupplierWater Western WaterWestern WaterWestern WaterWestern Water BullaWestern Water Darley WaterWestern Locality Diggers RestWestern Water GisborneWestern Water eld Lancefi Western Water LerderdergWestern Water MacedonWestern Water MaddingleyWestern Water 2,530 Melton South 700 3,080 Merrimu 8,360 Mount Macedon 1,950 100 Myrniong 9,660 100 100 100 2,480 98.1 3,720 39,900 0.9 100 0.8 0.5 770 100 0.6 0.5 100 6,590 100 0.6 0.12 0.14 0.16 100 200 0.8 100 0.12 0.8 0.9 0.09 0.032 0.026 0.12 0.072 98.1 0.7 0.022 0.16 0.6 0.146 0.005 0.10 0.13 0.005 0.005 0.083 0.005 3.8 0.005 0.012 0.066 0.15 0.011 0.014 0.100 0.047 0.005 0.08 0.001 0.007 0.022 0.005 0.085 0.019 0.032 0.005 0.013 0.005 0.074 0.002 0.008 — 0.013 0.005 — — 0.014 0.025 0.008 0.005 — — 0.007 0.019 0.026 — 0.028 0.012 — — — — 0.008 — — — 0.027 — — — — — — — — — Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 135 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 0.180 0.050 0.036 0.020 — — (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration ——————— 0.44 (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration 1.2 — 0.040 0.003 0.008 0.029 0.9——————— Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the /100 mL 88 80 9.8 1000.4——————— 100 0.3 1000.6——————— 96.2 E. coli E. with zerowith % of samples E. coli E. Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal Estimated Estimated Population population population population population population 5 Lightstation Facility Promontory National ParkPromontory National Lakeside/Candlebark 33Reserve 1,458,540 Localities and population Parks VictoriaParks Promontory Wilsons Parks Victoria Twelve Apostles Visitor Parks Victoria Tidal River - Wilsons Parks Victoria Lake Eildon National Park: Water SupplierWater WaterYarra Valley Yarra Valley Water Water Valley Yarra Ivanhoe WaterYarra Valley KewYarra Valley Water Lilydale WaterYarra Valley Locality Lower Plenty WaterYarra Valley Lyrebird Avenue WaterYarra Valley Malvern Water Valley Yarra Mernda/HurstbridgeYarra Water Valley 20,450 Mitcham WaterYarra Valley Montrose Water Valley 154,240Yarra 16,550 Northcote 41,260 Water Valley Yarra 14,130 100 870 PlentyYarra Valley Water Preston 100 100Yarra Water Valley 100 79,660 Ridge/Monbulk 100 100Yarra Valley Water 1.1 Seville 109,130Yarra Valley Water Somerton 15,020 1.0 1.2Yarra Water Valley 100 1.3 Wallan 0.7 96,890 1.2Yarra Water Valley 0.12 100 WarburtonYarra Water Valley 12,640 100 Warranwood 130,420 35,450 0.07 0.08 WaterYarra Valley 1.0 Whittlesea 100 — 0.13 0.047Yarra Valley Water 1.1 Woori Yallock — 100Localities and 1.1 100 Yarra Glen 100 0.070 0.053population 61,580 5,120 0.003 0.9 0.079 Yarra — Junction 0.054Parks Victoria 1.3 0.003 — 0.003 2,560 — 5,850 49,100 1.0 0.5 0.005 100 — 0.003 0.003 0.066 0.12 2,750 0.009 0.011 5,120 100 100 0.035 100 Gabo Island Lightstation 0.005 0.054 — — 0.11 0.010 1.1 0.065 0.09 0.003 1,630 3,210 0.056 0.034 0.038 100 100 — 0.033 0.003 1.4 0.042 1.3 0.003 1.2 0.080 0.009 0.044 0.043 0.003 — 100 — — 100 — 0.7 — 0.008 1.5 0.012 — 0.003 0.034 0.003 — 0.003 0.010 0.10 — — 0.8 1.3 — 0.033 0.059 0.034 — — 0.005 — 0.20 0.006 0.010 0.035 — — 0.061 — — 0.087 0.067 0.003 — 0.035 0.06 — 0.026 0.037 — 0.070 — 0.003 — 0.047 0.003 0.003 0.019 — 0.130 — 0.003 — — 0.008 0.060 — 0.003 — 0.009 0.016 0.031 0.003 0.005 — 0.029 0.003 0.011 — 0.041 0.039 0.021 0.032 0.011 0.029 — 0.074 0.028 — 136 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria (mg/L) Maximum 0.5 mg/L0.5 Concentration Concentration mg/L (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration (mg/L) Maximum Concentration eter for water supplied to this locality. (mg/L) Maximum 0.15 mg/L0.15 mg/L 0.1 mg/L 0.1 0.02 Concentration Concentration d. 2006/07. mg/L (mg/L) Maximum Concentration Concentration (mg/L) Maximum 0.2 mg/L0.2 0.25 Concentration 1.4 — 0.110 <0.005 0.049 0.053 — — mean mean of the of exceed Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde Turbidity Aluminium THMs MCA DCA TCA Bromate Formaldehyde 5.0 NTU5.0 95% UCL should not not should mean (NTU) mean 95% UCL95% of the E. /100 981.7——————— 980.4——————— /100 mL mL 100 0.3 —100 0.012 1.8 <0.05 _ <0.02 <0.02 0.033 <0.005 — 0.029 — 0.029 — — with with 97.8 2.3 — 0.086 <0.005 0.044 0.080 — — 98.1 1.4 — 0.078 <0.005 0.047 0.025 — — 96.2 E. coli E. E. coli E. 98% of zero at least at samples samples with zerowith coli % of samples E. coli E. gures incorporate Haven. Haven. incorporate gures Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal Estimated Estimated Population population population population population population population population Mt Buller High Level High Buller Mt Reticulation Mt Buller Alpine Village Alpine Buller Mt – Low Level Reticulation MirimbahMt Stirling – Telephone Box Junction Seasonal gures for Haven are not available. The Horsham population fi indicates where drinking water did not satisfy the benchmark standard and where an undertaking may be warranted for this param /100 mL /100 Escherichia coli per millilitres 100 xx Water SupplierWater Falls Creek ARMB Falls Creek Locality Seasonal Notes The benchmark standards were: Mount Buller and Mount Stirling ARMB Mount Buller and Mount Stirling ARMB Mount Baw Baw ARMB Baw Baw Mount Baw Baw Mount Mount Buller and Mount Stirling ARMB Seasonal Mount Buller and Mount Stirling ARMB ARMB Hotham Mount Hotham Mount Seasonal MCA Monochloroacetic acid acid acid Unit Monochloroacetic MCA Dichloroacetic DCA Trichloroacetic TCA Trihalomethanes THMs Turbidity coliE. ARMB mg/L 95% UCL NTU Nephelometric Board— Resort Management Alpine GWM Water percent 95 litre per dence milligrams upper limit confi Trading name for Grampians Wimmera Mallee Water Not required to be sampled during 2006–07 Population data is based on estimated permanent population. permanent estimated on based is data Population The water quality data in the above table is derived from data submitted to the DepartmentData is based by the relevant on sampling water of drinking businesses water for that represents supplies to consumers for the localitiesWater supplies shown. that are non-potable Some data is rounde (i.e. not intended for drinking) are excluded from the above table. ^ Population fi Population ^ ^^ Lake Bolac^^ and Willaura became drinking water supplies on 8 March 2007. Murrayville^^^ water supply was declared as regulated on 28 May 2007. Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 137

Appendix H: 2006–07 Water supplier incidents and events

Date of Incident Type of Incident Water Supplier Location of Incident/Affected Water suppliers July 2006 E. coli detection Wannon Water Portland July 2006 E. coli detection Central Highlands Water Smeaton July 2006 E. coli detection Goulburn Valley Water Kyabram July 2006 E. coli detection Barwon Water Montpellier July 2006 E. coli detection GWMWater Rupanyup July 2006 Disinfection plant failure Goulburn Valley Water Kilmore July 2006 to June 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Murtoa July 2006 to June 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Beulah July 2006 to June 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Jung July 2006 and November High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Nullawil 2006 to June 2007 July 2006, November 2006 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Woomelang and January to June 2007 July to October 2006 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Dimboola August 2006 Disinfection plant failure Goulburn Valley Water Kilmore Disinfection plant failure/ August 2006 Gippsland Water Traralgon High turbidity August 2006 – April 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Donald August 2006 – June 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Minyip August 2006 and February High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Rupanyup 2007 September 2006 E. coli detection Central Highlands Water Ballarat/Skipton September 2006 E. coli detection North East Water Dartmouth September 2006 High chlorine North East Water Dartmouth September 2006 Disinfection plant failure GWMWater Nullawil September 2006 E. coli detection Central Highlands Water Timor September 2006 High turbidity East Gippsland Water Nowa Nowa September 2006 Blue-green algae GWMWater Wycheproof September 2006 E. coli detection Central Highlands Water Creswick September 2006 to April 2007 High chlorite GWMWater Watchem September 2006 to February High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Wycheproof 2007 and May to June 2007 October 2006 E. coli detection Wannon Water Hamilton October 2006 High lead Wannon Water Coleraine October 2006 E. coli detection North East Water Tawonga October 2006 E. coli detection Wannon Water Portland October 2006 E. coli detection Wannon Water Caramut October 2006 E. coli detection Goulburn Valley Water Kilmore October 2006 High lead Wannon Water Coleraine October 2006 Disinfection plant failure GWMWater Watchem October 2006 to High iron Wannon Water Casterton February 2007 November 2006 E. coli detection GWMWater Quambatook November 2006 E. coli detection South Gippsland Water Foster November 2006 E. coli detection South Gippsland Water Fish Creek November 2006 Power supply loss Wannon Water Casterton November 2006 E. coli detection South Gippsland Water Toora November 2006 High turbidity Wannon Water Sandford November 2006 E. coli detection North East Water Myrtleford November 2006 E. coli detection Yarra Valley Water Wallan November 2006 to April 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Rainbow December 2006 E. coli detection North East Water Myrtleford December 2006 High lead Wannon Water Purnim December 2006 High lead Wannon Water Warrnambool December 2006 E. coli detection GWMWater Ultima 138 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Date of Incident Type of Incident Water Supplier Location of Incident/Affected Water suppliers December 2006 E. coli detection GWMWater Jung December 2006 E. coli detection Coliban Water Inglewood December 2006 E. coli detection East Gippsland Water Lindenow December 2006 Boil water notice issued North East Water Mount Beauty/Tawonga December 2006 E. coli detection Central Highlands Water Beaufort December 2006 E. coli detection North East Water Harrietville December 2006 E. coli detection North East Water Whitfi eld December 2006 E. coli detection North East Water Tawonga December 2006 E. coli detection East Gippsland Water Nicholson-Swan Reach December 2006 Loss of drinking water supply Mt Buller Mt Stirling/Mirimbah December 2006 E. coli detection Barwon Water Ocean Acres December 2006 Blue-green algae Coliban Water Euchua December 2006 High aluminium Coliban Water Axedale December 2006 to April 2007 High chlorite GWMWater Murrayville January 2007 High lead Wannon Water Camperdown (Urban) Kilcunda, San Remo, Cape Woolamai, Rhyll, January 2007 High Trihalomethanes Westernport Water Cowes and Ventnor January 2007 Lead Westernport Water Cowes January 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Castlemaine January 2007 E. coli detection Western Water Myrniong January 2007 Disinfection plant failure Goulburn Valley Water Kilmore January 2007 Blue-green algae GWMWater Hopetoun January 2007 Blue-green algae GWMWater Warracknabeal January 2007 High manganese North East Water Springhurst January 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Myrtleford January 2007 Blue-green algae Central Highlands Water Maryborough January 2007 Disinfection plant failure Goulburn Valley Water Kilmore January 2007 E. coli detection South East Water Rye January 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Mt Beauty/Tawonga January 2007 E. coli detection Western Water Lancefi eld January 2007 E. coli detection Western Water Romsey January 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Dunolly January 2007 E. coli detection South Gippsland Water Korumburra January 2007 E. coli detection South Gippsland Water Alberton January 2007 E. coli detection Western Water Toolern Vale January 2007 E. coli detection City West Water Werribee South January 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Serpentine January and May 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Brim February 2007 E. coli detection Mt Buller Mt Buller High Level February 2007 E. coli detection South East Water Frankston February 2007 High lead Wannon Water Portland February 2007 Lead Westernport Water Cowes and Corinella February 2007 E. coli detection South East Water Cranbourne February 2007 High chloroform East Gippsland Water Bruthen/Sarsfi eld February 2007 E. coli detection GWMWater Watchem February 2007 E. coli detection Yarra Valley Water Warburton February 2007 Blue-green algae GWMWater Hopetoun February 2007 High chlorite North East Water Whitfi eld February 2007 Blue-green algae North East Water Wahgunyah February 2007 E. coli detection East Gippsland Water Nicholson-Swan Reach February 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Wedderburn February 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Korong Vale February 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Big Hill Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 139

Date of Incident Type of Incident Water Supplier Location of Incident/Affected Water suppliers February 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Wandiligong February 2007 Blue-green algae South Gippsland Water Poowong/Loch/Nyora February 2007 Blue-green algae Western Water Lancefi eld February 2007 E. coli detection Barwon Water Wallington (Bellarine locality) February 2007 E. coli detection Falls Creek Falls Creek February 2007 High manganese North East Water Springhurst February 2007 E. coli detection Wannon Water Simpson February 2007 E. coli detection City West Water Werribee South February 2007 Blue-green algae GWMWater Stawell February 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Whitfi eld February 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Mrytleford February 2007 Potential manganese issue North East Water Benalla February 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Mt Beauty/Tawonga February 2007 E. coli detection Yarra Valley Water Seville East February to June 2007 High chlorite GWMWater Lake Bolac February to June 2007 High chlorite GWMWater Willaura March 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Charlton March 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Beechworth March 2007 E. coli detection South East Water Dromana March 2007 High lead Wannon Water Koroit March 2007 Blue-green algae Coliban Water Bendigo/Heathcote March 2007 E. coli detection Parks Victoria Candlebark/Lakeside Camp Ground March 2007 E. coli detection City West Water Manor Lakes March 2007 Blue-green algae Coliban Water Laanecoorie March 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Raywood March 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Goornong March 2007 E. coli detection Wannon Water Hamilton/Tarrington March 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Rochester March 2007 E. coli detection Yarra Valley Water Seville March 2007 E. coli detection Yarra Valley Water Warburton March 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Mt Beauty/Tawonga March 2007 E. coli detection Parks Victoria Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse March 2007 E. coli detection Central Highlands Water Wendouree March 2007 E. coli detection Falls Creek Falls Creek March 2007 E. coli detection City West Water Werribee South March 2007 Taste and odour South East Water Chelsea March to June 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Warracknabeal March to April 2007 High Trihalomethanes GWMWater Hopetoun April 2007 Disinfection plant failure Coliban Water Bridgewater April 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Korong Vale April 2007 High manganese Gippsland Water Seaspray April 2007 High Trihalomethanes Wannon Water Hamilton (incl. Tarrington) April 2007 Blue-green algae East Gippsland Water Sunlake/Toorloo April 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Axedale April 2007 E. coli detection Mt Buller Mt Buller Low Level April 2007 E. coli detection Mt Buller Mt Buller High Level April 2007 E. coli detection South East Water Port Melbourne April 2007 Taste and odour Yarra Valley Water Glen Waverley, Mount Waverley and Oakleigh April 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Inglewood April 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Taradale April 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Harcourt April 2007 Blue-green algae Central Highlands Water Maryborough April 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Tangambalanga 140 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Date of Incident Type of Incident Water Supplier Location of Incident/Affected Water suppliers April 2007 E. coli detection Barwon Water Wurdee-Pettavil (Mooriac) April 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Laanecoorie April 2007 Blue-green algae GWMWater Birchip April 2007 E. coli detection Mt Buller Mirimbah April 2007 E. coli detection Yarra Valley Water Preston April 2007 High Trihalomethanes Westernport Water San Remo/Cowes April 2007 E. coli detection Coliban Water Tooborac April 2007 Burst mains causing complaints South East Water Narre Warren April 2007 Blue-green algae Western Water Myrniong May 2007 E. coli detection Mt Buller Mirimbah May 2007 High lead Wannon Water Mortlake May 2007 High lead Wannon Water Port Fairy May 2007 High manganese Barwon Water Forrest May 2007 E. coli detection Yarra Valley Water Gembrook (Emerald locality) May 2007 E. coli detection Barwon Water Lorne May 2007 Disinfection Plant failure Barwon Water Wurdee Bolac May 2007 Loss of drinking water supply Goulburn Valley Water Euroa May 2007 E. coli detection Yarra Valley Water East Warburton May 2007 Blue-green algae Central Highlands Water Maryborough May 2007 Salmonella detection City West Water Little River May 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Myrtleford May 2007 Blue-green algae Barwon Water Airey’s Inlet May 2007 E. coli detection East Gippsland Water Sunlake/Toorloo May 2007 E. coli detection South East Water Mordialloc/Braeside May 2007 E. coli detection South East Water Chelsea Disinfection plant failure/ May 2007 Wannon Water Cavendish E. coli detection May 2007 E. coli detection South East Water Doveton May 2007 Disinfection plant failure Goulburn Valley Water Kilmore May 2007 Blue-green algae GWMWater Beulah May 2007 E. coli detection South Gippsland Water Poowong/Loch May to June 2007 High chlorite GWMWater Watchem June 2007 High chlorite North East Water Whitfi eld June 2007 E. coli detection Goulburn Valley Water Mooroopna Disinfection plant failure/ June 2007 Goulburn Valley Water Euroa High turbidity June 2007 High manganese North East Water Springhurst June 2007 Blue-green algae GWMWater Charlton June 2007 E. coli detection North East Water Mt Beauty June 2007 E. coli detection East Gippsland Water Bairnsdale June 2007 Boil water notice issued Mt Baw Baw Mt Baw Baw June 2007 High chlorite Goulburn Valley Water Marysville

Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 141

Appendix I: 2006–07 Water storage manager incidents and events

Date of Event Type of Event Water Storage Manager Location of Event/Affected Water supplies July 2006 – June 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Southern Rural Water Merrimu Reservoir July to November 2006 Blue-green algae bloom Southern Rural Water Lake Glenmaggie July 2006 to June 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Goulburn-Murray Water Blampied’s Lagoon May to July 2006 Blue-green algae bloom Southern Rural Water Pykes Creek Reservoir July 2006 Sunk boat Goulburn-Murray Water Lake Mulwala July 2006 Dairy effl uent spill Goulburn-Murray Water MV Dr 11/7 July 2006 Dairy effl uent spill Goulburn-Murray Water EG 34 July 2006 Raw sewage spill Goulburn-Murray Water Happy Valley Creek – Myrtleford July 2006 Dead cow Goulburn-Murray Water Murray Valley Channel no. 5 July 2006 Water quality concerns by contractors Goulburn-Murray Water Rices Weir, Broken Creek August 2006 Dairy effl uent discharge Goulburn-Murray Water Murray Valley Channel 5/1 August 2006 Effl uent spill Goulburn-Murray Water Murray Valley Dr2/7/6 August 2006 Dairy effl uent spill Goulburn-Murray Water MV 7/6 August 2006 Fire Goulburn-Murray Water Close proximity to Schiers Wier, Broken Creek August 2006 Dairy effl uent Goulburn-Murray Water Spur off MV channel August 2006 Dead stock Goulburn-Murray Water Last Pool of the 11/2 Channel August 2006 Effl uent Goulburn-Murray Water 16/19/9 channel August 2006 Car batteries, motors and car bodies dumped Goulburn-Murray Water Near Creek – Murrindindi River proximity August 2006 White liquid/foam substance Goulburn-Murray Water Casey’s Weir August 2006 Effl uent into Drain Goulburn-Murray Water Cobram area August 2006 Dead cow (Brown) Goulburn-Murray Water 5/1/7, Section 11 Torrumbarry Area September 2006 Dead Sheep Goulburn-Murray Water Deakin Drain 2787 (Central Goulburn) September 2006 Small diesel spill Goulburn-Murray Water Lake Nagambie September 2006 Washdown from milk factory (discharge) Goulburn-Murray Water Campaspe River September 2006 Spray drift Goulburn-Murray Water Near Rochester September 2006 Dirty fi ll to reclaim land Goulburn-Murray Water Caravan park on Goulburn weirpool October 2006 Dead fi sh Goulburn-Murray Water Private dam near Trentham October 2006 Two dead kangaroos Goulburn-Murray Water Spillway, Eildon November 2006 Unknown discharge Goulburn-Murray Water Deakin Drain 3/9, Stanhope November 2006 Potential fi sh kill Goulburn-Murray Water Hepburn Lagoon November 2006 Dairy Effl uent Spill/Discharge from landholders Property Goulburn-Murray Water 16/6 Drain November 2006 Dead sheep Goulburn-Murray Water Cobram Main Drain November 2006 Car Battery Goulburn-Murray Water Channel near Rochester November 2006 Kerosene spill Goulburn-Murray Water Murray River December 2006 to Blue-green algae bloom Southern Rural Water Rosslynne Reservoir January 2007 December 2006 to Blue-green algae bloom Southern Rural Water Blue Rock Lake February 2007 December 2006 Empty chemical drum Goulburn-Murray Water Channel bank – Swan Hill December 2006 Rubbish dumped Goulburn-Murray Water Majors Creek December 2006 Illegal building and use of water Goulburn-Murray Water Tatura December 2006 Fire Goulburn-Murray Water Mt Buffalo Chalet (Tatura Chalet) December 2006 Rubbish dumped Goulburn-Murray Water Central Goulburn channel 9 December 2006 Dead cow Goulburn-Murray Water Channel CG 14/8 Kyabram December 2006 Black water event Goulburn-Murray Water Loddon River near Durham Ox/Boort Road January to June 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Goulburn-Murray Water Lake Boga Central Goulburn 3/5 Channel Bank, January 2007 Stock carcasses Goulburn-Murray Water Pyke Road, Tatura January 2007 Wildfi re Goulburn-Murray Water North East Victoria January 2007 Low water quality discharge Goulburn-Murray Water Murrindindi River by fi sh farms January 2007 Low dissolved oxygen recorded late 2006 Goulburn-Murray Water Goulburn Weir January 2007 Dead stock Goulburn-Murray Water Loddon River near Pyramid Hill January 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Goulburn-Murray Water Tullaroop reservoir 142 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Date of Event Type of Event Water Storage Manager Location of Event/Affected Water supplies January 2007 Discoloured water Goulburn-Murray Water Delatite River at Booralite January 2007 Dead carp Goulburn-Murray Water Lake Eppalock January 2007 Sediment Sludge Goulburn-Murray Water Lake Buffalo January 2007 Dead stock (cow) dumped Goulburn-Murray Water G-MW channel January 2007 Dead carp Goulburn-Murray Water Near Laanecoorie Reservoir February to March 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Goulburn-Murray Water System February to March 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Goulburn-Murray Water Kerang Lakes (Third Lake) February to March 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Goulburn-Murray Water Macorna Main Channel February to March 2007 Debris from fl ash fl ooding following bushfi res Southern Rural Water Thompson River and Cowwarr Weir February to March 2007 Dirty water from fl ash fl ooding following bushfi res Southern Rural Water Lake Glenmaggie and Macalister River February to March 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Southern Rural Water Rosslynne Reservoir February 2007 Dead cows and sick stock presenting respiratory diffi culties Southern Rural Water Blue Rock Lake February 2007 Blue-green algae Melbourne Water February 2007 Suspected stock poisoning Goulburn-Murray Water Hume Weir February 2007 Anthrax outbreak Goulburn-Murray Water Near Stanhope February 2007 Fish deaths Goulburn-Murray Water Mokoan Inlet Channel February 2007 Dead carp Goulburn-Murray Water Shepparton Irrigation Area Channel 11 February 2007 Effl uent Goulburn-Murray Water No 5/2 drain at Woorinen Piped district February 2007 Small oil spill Goulburn-Murray Water Maori Creek Woods Point March to April 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Goulburn-Murray Water Lake Eppalock March to April 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Goulburn-Murray Water Laanecoorie Reservoir March to April 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Goulburn-Murray Water Kerang Lakes () March 2007 Dirty water Goulburn-Murray Water Goulburn River at Jamieson March 2007 Nutrient loaded dam water entering creek Goulburn-Murray Water Pyalong-Seymour Road March 2007 Poor water quality Goulburn-Murray Water Lake William Hovell Outlet March 2007 Diversion Pump Leak Goulburn-Murray Water Runnymede March 2007 Poor water quality supplied by caravan park Goulburn-Murray Water Lake Eppalock March 2007 Untreated waste water discharge Goulburn-Murray Water Deakin Main drain near Stanhope March 2007 Dead stock Goulburn-Murray Water Coram Drain 4 and 2/4 April to July 2007 Blue-green algae bloom Southern Rural Water Pykes Creek Reservoir April 2007 Dead cow Goulburn-Murray Water Goulburn River April 2007 Dairy effl uent seepage Goulburn-Murray Water Nine Mile Creek April 2007 Malnourished & dead stock Goulburn-Murray Water Near Murchison April 2007 Three dead cows Goulburn-Murray Water Goulburn River at Murchison East May 2007 Dead animal Goulburn-Murray Water Waranga Western Channel May 2007 Dead stock Goulburn-Murray Water Creek near Strathbogie May 2007 Silt discharge runoff from earthworks Goulburn-Murray Water Caravan park at Goulburn Weir June 2007 Animal stomach and offal Goulburn-Murray Water Goulburn River June 2007 Dead cow and effl uent Goulburn-Murray Water Tributary of Hume Creek June 2007 Rubbish dumped Goulburn-Murray Water Majors Creek June 2007 Discharge from dairy shed Goulburn-Murray Water G-MW Shepparton drain June 2007 Effl uent from piggery Goulburn-Murray Water Waterway in Warby Ranges June 2007 Major fl ood Southern Rural Water Lake Glenmaggie and Macalister River June 2007 Major fl ood Southern Rural Water Thompson River and Cowwarr Weir Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 143

Appendix J: Localities and towns

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Aireys Inlet Barwon Water Aireys Inlet, Fairhaven Anakie Barwon Water Anakie, Staughtonvale Anglesea Barwon Water Anglesea Apollo Bay Barwon Water Apollo Bay, Skenes Creek, Marengo Bannockburn Barwon Water Bannockburn, Gheringhap Bellarine Barwon Water Bellarine, Mannerim Birregurra Barwon Water Birregurra Clifton Springs Barwon Water Clifton Springs, Drysdale, Wallington, Swan Bay Colac Barwon Water Colac, Coragulac, Beeac, Cororooke, Alvie, Elliminyt Cressy Barwon Water Cressy Forrest Barwon Water Forrest Gellibrand Barwon Water Gellibrand Highton, Geelong West, Newtown, Geelong, South Geelong, East Geelong, Breakwater, Thomson, Newcomb, Highton Barwon Water Whittington, Moolap, Rippleside Highton High Level Barwon Water Ceres, Wandana Heights Leopold Barwon Water Leopold, Curlewis Little River West Barwon Water Little River West Lorne Barwon Water Lorne Lovely Banks Barwon Water Geelong North, Hamlyn Heights, Bell Park, Norlane, North Shore, Corio, Lara Lovely Banks - Carrs Rd Barwon Water Lovely Banks, Moorabool Meredith Barwon Water Meredith, Lethbridge Montpellier Barwon Water Montpellier, Bell Post Hill, Hamlyn Heights, Hern Hill, Highton, Newtown, Belmont, Geelong West, Fyansford Moorabool Barwon Water Batesford, She Oaks, Dog Rocks Moriac Barwon Water Moriac Ocean Acres Barwon Water Ocean Acres (Torquay) Ocean Grove Barwon Water Ocean Grove, Barwon Heads, Marcus Hill Pettavel Barwon Water Pettavel, Mount Duneed, Fresh Water Creek, Connewarre, Breamlea, Grovedale, Waurn Ponds, Marshall Portarlington Barwon Water Portarlington, St Leonards, Indented Heads Queenscliff Barwon Water Queenscliff, Point Lonsdale Teesdale Barwon Water Teesdale, Shelford, Inverleigh Torquay Barwon Water Torquay, Jan Juc Winchelsea Barwon Water Winchelsea

Alma Central Highlands Water Alma, Adelaide Lead, Moonlight Avoca Central Highlands Water Avoca Ballan Central Highlands Water Ballan Ballarat Central Central Highlands Water Alfredton pt, Ballarat, Ballarat East pt, Canadian, Delacombe pt, Golden Point, Mount Pleasant, Redan, Woodmans Hill Ballarat North / Nerrina Central Highlands Water Ballarat North pt, Nerrina Beaufort Central Highlands Water Beaufort Bet Bet Central Highlands Water Betley, Havelock, Bet Bet, Simson Blackwood / Barrys Reef Central Highlands Water Blackwood, Barrys Reef Bungaree / Wallace Central Highlands Water Bungaree, Wallace Buninyong / Mount Helen Central Highlands Water Buninyong, Mount Helen, Mount Clear, Mount Pleasant Cardigan Village Central Highlands Water Alfredton pt, Cardigan, Cardigan Village Carisbrook Central Highlands Water Carisbrook, Flagstaff Clunes Central Highlands Water Clunes Creswick Central Highlands Water Creswick 144 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Daisy Hill Central Highlands Water Daisy Hill Daylesford High Level Central Highlands Water Daylesford pt Daylesford Low Level / Central Highlands Water Hepburn, Daylesford pt Hepburn Dean Central Highlands Water Dean Enfi eld Central Highlands Water Rokewood, Enfi eld pt, Corindhap, Dereel Fiskville / Glenmore Central Highlands Water Fiskville, Glenmore, Rowsley Forest Hill Central Highlands Water Broomfi eld, Newlyn, Springmount, Allendale, Kingston, Smeaton Gordon / Mount Egerton Central Highlands Water Gordon, Mount Egerton Haddon Central Highlands Water Haddon, Snake Valley, , Smythes Creek, Delacombe pt Lal Lal Central Highlands Water Lal Lal, Bungal, Yendon, Navigators Learmonth Central Highlands Water Learmonth Lexton Central Highlands Water Lexton Linton Central Highlands Water Linton, Pittong Majorca Central Highlands Water Golden Point, Craigie, Majorca Maryborough Central Highlands Water Maryborough Napoleons Central Highlands Water Napoleons, Enfi eld pt, Woodlands Sebastopol Central Highlands Water Sebastopol, Magpie, Delacombe pt Skipton Central Highlands Water Skipton, Pittong Smythesdale Central Highlands Water Newtown, Scarsdale, Smythesdale Talbot Central Highlands Water Talbot Timor Central Highlands Water Timor, Bowenvale Waubra Central Highlands Water Waubra Brown Hill, Invermay, Black Hill, Wendouree, Miners Rest, Mitchell Park, Mount Rowan, Lake Gardens, Wendouree Central Highlands Water Ballarat North pt, Ballarat East pt, Warrenheip

Altona City West Water Altona, Laverton, Point Cook, Truganina Caroline Springs City West Water Caroline Springs, Kealba, Keilor, Kings Park, St Albans pt Deer Park City West Water Cairnlea, Deer Park, Derrimut, St Albans pt, Sunshine North East Keilor City West Water Avondale Heights, Essendon pt, Keilor Park, Keilor East, Niddrie Footscray City West Water Braybrook, Brooklyn, Footscray, Maidstone, Maribyrnong, Newport, Spotswood, Sunshine, Williamstown, Yarraville Little River City West Water Little River Moonee Ponds City West Water Vale, Essendon pt, Flemington, Kensington, Moonee Ponds Abbotsford, Carlton, Clifton Hill, Collingwood, East Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, North Melbourne, Parkville, Parkville City West Water Docklands Richmond City West Water Burnley, Richmond Strathmore City West Water Strathmore Taylors Lakes City West Water Hillside, Sydenham, Taylors Lakes Tullamarine City West Water Airport West, Melbourne Airport, Strathmore Heights, Tullamarine pt Werribee City West Water Hoppers Crossing, Tarneit, Werribee, Wyndham Vale Werribee South City West Water Werribee South

Axedale Coliban Water Axedale Bealiba Coliban Water Bealiba Bendigo, pt California Gully, Eaglehawk, , Jackass Flat, pt Long Gully, Myers Flat, North Bendigo, Bendigo (Northern) Coliban Water Sailors Gully, White Hills Bendigo (Southern) Coliban Water pt California Gully, pt Flora Hill, Golden Square, Kangaroo Flat, pt Kennington, pt Long Gully, Quarry Hill, West Bendigo Bendigo (Spring Gully) Coliban Water pt Flora Hill, pt Kennington, Spring Gully, Big Hill Coliban Water Big Hill, Belvoir Park Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 145

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Boort Coliban Water Boort Bridgewater Coliban Water Bridgewater Castlemaine Coliban Water Castlemaine, Campbells Creek, Chewton, Golden Point Cohuna (Rural) Coliban Water Cohuna (Rural area) Cohuna (Urban) Coliban Water Cohuna (Urban area) Dunolly Coliban Water Dunolly Echuca Coliban Water Echuca Elmore Coliban Water Elmore Epsom - Huntly Coliban Water Epsom, Huntly Fryerstown Coliban Water Fryerstown Goornong Coliban Water Goornong Guildford Coliban Water Guildford Gunbower Coliban Water Gunbower (Urban and rural areas) Harcourt Coliban Water Harcourt, pt North Castlemaine Heathcote Coliban Water Heathcote Inglewood Coliban Water Inglewood Junortoun Coliban Water Junortoun Korong Vale Coliban Water Korong Vale Kyneton Coliban Water Kyneton Laanecoorie Coliban Water Laanecoorie Leitchville (Rural) Coliban Water Leitchville (Rural area) Leitchville (Urban) Coliban Water Leitchville (Urban area) Lockington Coliban Water Lockington Maiden Gully - Marong Coliban Water Maiden Gully, Marong Maldon Coliban Water Maldon Malmsbury Coliban Water Malmsbury Newstead Coliban Water Newstead Pyramid Hill Coliban Water Pyramid Hill Raywood Coliban Water Raywood Rochester Coliban Water Rochester Serpentine Coliban Water Serpentine Strathfi eldsaye Coliban Water Strathfi eldsaye Taradale - Elphinstone Coliban Water Taradale, Elphinstone Tarnagulla Coliban Water Tarnagulla Tooborac Coliban Water Tooborac Trentham Coliban Water Trentham Tylden Coliban Water Tylden Wedderburn Coliban Water Wedderburn

Bairnsdale East Gippsland Water Bairnsdale, Wy Yung (Rural and Urban), Lucknow, Bairnsdale East, Eastwood, Granite Rock Bemm River East Gippsland Water Bemm River Buchan East Gippsland Water Buchan Cann River East Gippsland Water Cann River Dinner Plain East Gippsland Water Dinner Plain Eagle Point - Paynesville East Gippsland Water Newlands Arm, Banksia Peninsula, Paynesville, Eagle Point, Raymond Island Kalimna East Gippsland Water Kalimna Lindenow East Gippsland Water Lindenow Lindenow South East Gippsland Water Lindenow South 146 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Mallacoota East Gippsland Water Mallacoota, Karbethong, Mirrabooka Merrangbaur East Gippsland Water Merrangbaur, Lake Tyers, Lake Bunga Metung East Gippsland Water Metung Nicholson, Johnsonville, Swan Reach, Nicholson - Swan Reach East Gippsland Water Metung, Tambo Upper Nowa Nowa East Gippsland Water Nowa Nowa Omeo East Gippsland Water Omeo Orbost East Gippsland Water Orbost, Newmerella, Marlo Sarsfi eld - Bruthen East Gippsland Water Sarsfi eld, Bruthen, Wiseleigh, Mossiface Sunlakes - Toorloo East Gippsland Water Lakes Entrance, Lake Tyers, Lake Bunga Swifts Creek East Gippsland Water Swifts Creek

Boisdale Gippsland Water Boisdale Boolarra Gippsland Water Boolarra Briagolong Gippsland Water Briagolong Churchill Gippsland Water Churchill Coongulla / Glenmaggie Gippsland Water Coongulla, Glenmaggie Cowwarr Gippsland Water Cowwarr Drouin Gippsland Water Drouin, Robin Hood Erica Gippsland Water Erica Heyfi eld Gippsland Water Heyfi eld Jumbuk Gippsland Water Jumbuk, Jeeralang Junction Maffra Gippsland Water Maffra Mirboo North Gippsland Water Mirboo North Moe Gippsland Water Moe, Newborough pt Morwell Gippsland Water Morwell Neerim South Gippsland Water Neerim South Newborough Gippsland Water Newborough pt Noojee Gippsland Water Noojee Rawson Gippsland Water Rawson Rokeby / Buln Buln Gippsland Water Rokeby, Buln Buln Rosedale Gippsland Water Rosedale Sale / Wurruk Gippsland Water Sale, Wurruk Seaspray Gippsland Water Seaspray Stratford Gippsland Water Stratford Thorpdale Gippsland Water Thorpdale Toongabbie Gippsland Water Toongabbie Trafalgar Gippsland Water Trafalgar Traralgon Gippsland Water Traralgon Traralgon South / Gippsland Water Traralgon South, Hazelwood North Hazelwood North Tyers / Glengarry Gippsland Water Tyers, Glengarry Warragul Gippsland Water Warragul, Nilma, Darnum Warragul South Gippsland Water Warragul South Willow Grove Gippsland Water Willow Grove Yallourn North Gippsland Water Yallourn North Yarragon Gippsland Water Yarragon Yinnar Gippsland Water Yinnar Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 147

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied

Alexandra Goulburn Valley Water Alexandra Avenel Goulburn Valley Water Avenel Barmah Goulburn Valley Water Barmah Bonnie Doon Goulburn Valley Water Bonnie Doon Broadford Goulburn Valley Water Broadford Buxton Goulburn Valley Water Buxton Cobram Goulburn Valley Water Cobram Colbinabbin Goulburn Valley Water Colbinabbin Dookie Goulburn Valley Water Dookie Eildon Goulburn Valley Water Eildon Euroa Goulburn Valley Water Euroa Girgarre Goulburn Valley Water Girgarre Katamatite Goulburn Valley Water Katamatite Katandra West Goulburn Valley Water Katandra West Katunga Goulburn Valley Water Katunga Kilmore Goulburn Valley Water Kilmore Kyabram Goulburn Valley Water Kyabram Longwood Goulburn Valley Water Longwood Mansfi eld Goulburn Valley Water Mansfi eld Marysville Goulburn Valley Water Marysville Merrigum Goulburn Valley Water Merrigum Mooroopna Goulburn Valley Water Mooroopna Murchison Goulburn Valley Water Murchison Nagambie Goulburn Valley Water Nagambie Nathalia Goulburn Valley Water Nathalia Numurkah Goulburn Valley Water Numurkah Picola Goulburn Valley Water Picola Pyalong Goulburn Valley Water Pyalong Rushworth Goulburn Valley Water Rushworth Seymour High Level Goulburn Valley Water Seymour pt Seymour Low Level Goulburn Valley Water Seymour pt, Mangalore Shepparton Goulburn Valley Water Shepparton, Congupna Stanhope Goulburn Valley Water Stanhope Strathmerton Goulburn Valley Water Strathmerton Tallarook Goulburn Valley Water Tallarook Tallygaroopna Goulburn Valley Water Tallygaroopna Tatura Goulburn Valley Water Tatura Thornton Goulburn Valley Water Thornton Tongala Goulburn Valley Water Tongala Toolamba Goulburn Valley Water Toolamba Trawool Goulburn Valley Water Trawool Upper Delatite Goulburn Valley Water Merrijig, Sawmill Settlement Violet Town Goulburn Valley Water Violet Town Wandong / Heathcote Goulburn Valley Water Heathcote Junction, Wandong Junction Waterford Park Goulburn Valley Water Waterford Park Wunghnu Goulburn Valley Water Wunghnu 148 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Yarroweyah Goulburn Valley Water Yarroweyah Yea Goulburn Valley Water Yea

Ararat GWM Water Ararat Beulah GWM Water Beulah Birchip GWM Water Birchip Brim GWM Water Brim Charlton GWM Water Charlton Dimboola GWM Water Dimboola Donald GWM Water Donald Edenhope GWM Water Edenhope Great Western GWM Water Great Western Halls Gap GWM Water Halls Gap, Bellfi eld Haven GWM Water Haven Hopetoun GWM Water Hopetoun Horsham GWM Water Horsham Jung GWM Water Jung Lake Bolac GWM Water Lake Bolac Lalbert GWM Water Lalbert Manangatang GWM Water Manangatang Minyip GWM Water Minyip Murrayville ## GWM Water Murrayville Murtoa GWM Water Murtoa Nullawil GWM Water Nullawil Ouyen GWM Water Ouyen Pomonal GWM Water Pomonal Quambatook GWM Water Quambatook Rainbow GWM Water Rainbow Rupanyup GWM Water Rupanyup Sea Lake GWM Water Sea Lake St Arnaud GWM Water St Arnaud Stawell GWM Water Stawell Ultima GWM Water Ultima Walpeup GWM Water Walpeup Warracknabeal GWM Water Warracknabeal Watchem ## GWM Water Watchem Willaura GWM Water Willaura Woomelang GWM Water Woomelang Wycheproof GWM Water Wycheproof

Irymple Lower Murray Water Irymple, Cardross Kerang Lower Murray Water Kerang Koondrook Lower Murray Water Koondrook Lake Boga Lower Murray Water Lake Boga Merbein Lower Murray Water Merbein Mildura Lower Murray Water Mildura, Nichols Point, Birdwoodton, Cabarita, Kings Billabong Murrabit Lower Murray Water Murrabit Nyah Lower Murray Water Nyah Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 149

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Nyah West Lower Murray Water Nyah West Piangil Lower Murray Water Piangil Red Cliffs Lower Murray Water Red Cliffs Robinvale Lower Murray Water Robinvale Swan Hill Lower Murray Water Swan Hill Woorinen South Lower Murray Water Woorinen South

Barnawartha North East Water Barnawartha Beechworth High Level North East Water Beechworth High Level Beechworth Low Level North East Water Beechworth Low Level Bellbridge North East Water Bellbridge Benalla North East Water Benalla Bright North East Water Bright Bundalong North East Water Bundalong Chiltern North East Water Chiltern Corryong High Level North East Water Corryong High Level Corryong Low Level North East Water Corryong Low Level Cudgewa North East Water Cudgewa Dartmouth North East Water Dartmouth Devenish North East Water Devenish Ebden / North East Water Ebden, Baranduda pt Baranduda Low Level Glenrowan North East Water Glenrowan Goorambat North East Water Goorambat Harrietville North East Water Harrietville Kiewa North East Water Kiewa Moyhu North East Water Moyhu Mt. Beauty North East Water Mount Beauty Myrtleford North East Water Myrtleford Oxley North East Water Oxley Porepunkah North East Water Porepunkah Rutherglen North East Water Rutherglen Springhurst North East Water Springhurst St James North East Water St James Tallangatta North East Water Tallangatta Tangambalanga North East Water Tangambalanga Tawonga North East Water Tawonga Tungamah North East Water Tungamah Wahgunyah North East Water Wahgunyah Walwa North East Water Walwa Wandiligong North East Water Wandiligong Wangaratta North East Water Wangaratta Whitfi eld North East Water Whitfi eld Wodonga / North East Water Baranduda pt, Killara Baranduda High Level Wodonga High Level North East Water Wodonga pt Wodonga Logic Centre North East Water Wodonga Logic Centre Wodonga Low Level North East Water Wodonga pt 150 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Yackandandah North East Water Yackandandah Yarrawonga North East Water Yarrrawonga

Gabo Island Light Station Parks Victoria Gabo Island Light Station Reserve Reserve Lake Eildon National Park: Parks Victoria Lake Eildon National Park: Lakeside / Candlebark Lakeside / Candlebark Tidal River Parks Victoria Tidal River (Wilsons Promontory National Park) Twelve Apostles Visitor Parks Victoria Twelve Apostles Visitor Facility (Port Campbell National Park) Facility Wilsons Promontory Parks Victoria Wilsons Promontory Lightstation Lightstation

Balnarring South East Water Balnarring, Merricks, Somers Bayswater South East Water Bayswater, Boronia, Knoxfi eld, The Basin, Wantirna pt Beaumaris South East Water Beaumaris, Black Rock, Cheltenham Belgrave South East Water Belgrave, Selby, Tecoma, Upwey Berwick South East Water Berwick, Beaconsfi eld, Narre Warren South, Narre Warren North, Offi cer Bittern South East Water Bittern, Crib Point, HMAS Cerberus Bentleigh, Bentleigh East, Brighton, Brighton East, Cheltenham, Clarinda, Clayton South, Hampton, Heatherton, Brighton / Heatherton South East Water Highett, McKinnon, Mentone, Moorabbin, Oakleigh South, Ormond, Sandringham, Springvale, Westall Bunyip South East Water Bunyip, Longwarry Carrum Downs South East Water Carrum Downs, Skye Armadale pt, Balaclava, Carnegie, Caulfi eld, Clayton, Elsternwick, Elwood, Glen Huntly, Hughesdale, Huntingdale, Caulfi eld South East Water Murrumbeena, Oakleigh, Prahran, Ripponlea, St Kilda East, Toorak pt Chelsea South East Water Aspendale Gardens, Bonbeach, Carrum, Chelsea, Edithvale, Patterson Lakes Cora Lynn South East Water Cora Lynn Cranbourne South East Water Cranbourne Dandenong South East Water Dandenong, Dandenong South, Dingley, Keysborough, Noble Park, Springvale South, Bangholme Dandenong North South East Water Dandenong North, Noble Park North, Clayton, Springvale North Devon Meadows South East Water Blind Bight, Cannons Creek, Clyde, Devon Meadows, Five Ways, Tooradin, Warneet Dromana South East Water Dromana, McCrae, Safety Beach, Mount Martha pt Ferntree Gully South East Water Boronia, Ferntree Gully/Upper, The Basin Frankston South East Water Frankston, Frankston North, Langwarrin, Baxter, Seaford Frankston South South East Water Frankston South, Mount Eliza pt Garfi eld South East Water Garfi eld Hallam South East Water Doveton, Endeavour Hills, Eumemmerring, Hallam, Hampton Park, Lynbrook Hastings South East Water Hastings Karingal South East Water Karingal, Frankston East Koo Wee Rup South East Water Koo Wee Rup Lang Lang South East Water Lang Lang Moorooduc South East Water Moorooduc, Tuerong Mordialloc South East Water Braeside, Dingley, Mentone, Mordialloc, Parkdale, Waterways Mornington South East Water Mornington, Mount Martha pt, Mount Eliza pt Mount Martha South East Water Balcombe, Mount Martha pt Pakenham South East Water Pakenham Rowville South East Water Rowville, Lysterfi eld Rye South East Water Blairgowrie, Boneo, Cape Schanck, Portsea, Rosebud, Rye, Sorrento, Tootgarook, Fingal Shoreham South East Water Shoreham, Flinders, Point Leo Somerville South East Water Somerville, Tyabb, Pearcedale Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 151

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Albert Park, Garden City, Middle Park, Port Melbourne, South Melbourne, South Yarra, Southbank, St Kilda West, South Melbourne South East Water St Kilda Road, Windsor Tynong South East Water Tynong, Nar Nar Goon Upper Beaconsfi eld South East Water Upper Beaconsfi eld Wantirna South East Water Knoxfi eld, Scoresby, Wantirna pt

Alberton South Gippsland Water Alberton, Port Albert Cape Paterson South Gippsland Water Cape Paterson Dumbalk South Gippsland Water Dumbalk Fish Creek South Gippsland Water Fish Creek Foster South Gippsland Water Foster Inverloch South Gippsland Water Inverloch Koonwarra South Gippsland Water Koonwarra Korumburra South Gippsland Water Korumburra Lance Creek South Gippsland Water Lance Creek, Wattlebank Leongatha South Gippsland Water Leongatha Loch South Gippsland Water Loch Meeniyan South Gippsland Water Meeniyan Nyora South Gippsland Water Nyora Poowong South Gippsland Water Poowong Port Franklin South Gippsland Water Port Franklin, Bennison Port Welshpool South Gippsland Water Welshpool, Port Welshpool, Hedley Toora South Gippsland Water Toora, Agnes, Barry Beach Wonthaggi South Gippsland Water Wonthaggi Yarram South Gippsland Water Yarram, Devon North

Allansford Wannon Water Allansford Balmoral Wannon Water Balmoral Camperdown (Rural) Wannon Water Camperdown (Rural area) Camperdown (Urban) Wannon Water Camperdown (Urban area) Caramut Wannon Water Caramut Casterton Wannon Water Casterton Cavendish Wannon Water Cavendish Cobden Wannon Water Cobden Coleraine Wannon Water Coleraine Dartmoor Wannon Water Dartmoor Derrinallum Wannon Water Derrinallum Dunkeld Wannon Water Dunkeld Glenthompson Wannon Water Glenthompson Hamilton Wannon Water Hamilton Henty Wannon Water Henty Heywood Wannon Water Heywood Koroit Wannon Water Koroit Lismore Wannon Water Lismore Merino Wannon Water Merino Mortlake Wannon Water Mortlake Noorat / Glenormiston Wannon Water Glenormiston, Noorat Paaratte Wannon Water Paaratte 152 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Penshurst Wannon Water Penshurst Peterborough Wannon Water Peterborough Port Campbell Wannon Water Port Campbell Port Fairy Wannon Water Port Fairy Portland Wannon Water Portland Purnim Wannon Water Purnim Sandford Wannon Water Sandford Simpson Wannon Water Simpson Tarrington Wannon Water Tarrington Terang Wannon Water Terang Timboon Wannon Water Timboon Warrnambool Wannon Water Warrnambool

Bulla Western Water Bulla Darley Western Water Bacchus Marsh pt, Darley Diggers Rest Western Water Diggers Rest Gisborne Western Water Gisborne, New Gisborne, Gisborne South Lancefi eld Western Water Lancefi eld Lerderderg Western Water Bacchus Marsh pt, Coimadai Macedon Western Water Macedon Maddingley Western Water Bacchus Marsh pt, Maddingley, Parwan Melton South Western Water Melton pt, Melton South, Melton West pt, Kurunjang pt, Hopetoun Park Merrimu Western Water Long Forest, Merrimu, Melton pt, Melton West pt, Kurunjang pt Mount Macedon Western Water Mount Macedon Myrniong Western Water Myrniong Riddells Creek Western Water Riddells Creek Rockbank Western Water Rockbank, Plumpton Romsey Western Water Romsey Sunbury Western Water Sunbury, Goonawarra, Jacksons Hill Toolern Vale Western Water Toolern Vale Woodend Western Water Woodend

Bass Westernport Water Bass, Woolamai Cape Woolamai Westernport Water Cape Woolamai, Smiths Beach, Sunderland Bay, Sunset Strip, Wimbledon Heights Corinella Westernport Water Corinella, Coronet Bay, Tenby Point Cowes Westernport Water Cowes, Silverleaves Grantville Westernport Water Grantville, Pioneer Bay Kilcunda Westernport Water Kilcunda, Dalyston, Archies Creek Rhyll Westernport Water Rhyll San Remo Westernport Water San Remo, Newhaven Ventnor Westernport Water Ventnor, Summerlands Bayswater North Yarra Valley Water Bayswater North Brahams Road Yarra Valley Water Warburton East pt Bundoora Yarra Valley Water Bundoora, Kingsbury, Watsonia, Greensborough, Keon Park, Reservoir, Thomastown, Lalor, Mill Park Croydon, Donvale, Wonga Park, Blackburn, Forest Hill, Nunawading, Heatherdale, Mitcham, Vermont, Ringwood, Croydon Yarra Valley Water Heathmont, Ringwood East, Kilsyth, Mooroolbark Doncaster Yarra Valley Water Templestowe, Templestowe Lower, Doncaster, Doncaster East, Donvale, Warrandyte Eltham Yarra Valley Water Eltham, Diamond Creek, Research, Wattle Glen Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria 153

Water Sampling Locality Water Supplier Suburb / Town Supplied Emerald Yarra Valley Water Emerald, Menzies Creek, Cockatoo, Avonsleigh, Clematis, Macclesfi eld, Gembrook, Kallista Epping Yarra Valley Water Epping, Lalor, Mill Park, Morang South Glen Waverley, Syndal, Mount Waverley, Wheelers Hill, Burwood East, Clayton North, Notting Hill, Oakleigh East, Glen Waverley Yarra Valley Water Mulgrave pt Glenroy, Gladstone Park, Tullamarine pt, Oak Park, Broadmeadows, Dallas, Coolaroo, Meadow Heights, Glenroy Yarra Valley Water Westmeadows, Pascoe Vale, Fawkner Healesville Yarra Valley Water Healesville, Badger Creek, Chum Creek Ivanhoe Yarra Valley Water Ivanhoe, Banyule, Eaglemont, Heidelberg, Rosanna Kew, Kew East, Balwyn, Balwyn North, Hawthorn, Hawthorn East, Camberwell, Burwood, Canterbury, Surrey Hills, Kew Yarra Valley Water Bulleen Lilydale Yarra Valley Water Lilydale, Chirnside Park, Mooroolbark, Coldstream, Gruyere, Yering, Olinda, Mount Evelyn Lower Plenty Yarra Valley Water Lower Plenty, View Bank, Macleod, Yallambie, Watsonia, Greensborough, Montmorency Lyrebird Avenue Yarra Valley Water Warburton East pt Malvern Yarra Valley Water Burwood, Toorak pt, Armadale pt, Kooyong, Malvern, Malvern East, Glen Iris, Ashburton, Ashwood, Chadstone Mernda, Diamond Creek, Yarrambat, Research, Wattle Glen, Kangaroo Ground, Arthurs Creek, Hurstbridge, Nutfi eld, Mernda / Hurstbridge Yarra Valley Water Doreen, Mernda, Panton Hill, Smiths Gully Burwood, Surrey Hills, Box Hill, Balwyn East, Box Hill North, Blackburn, Forest Hill, Vermont, Mount Waverley, Syndal, Mitcham Yarra Valley Water Burwood East, Mont Albert Montrose Yarra Valley Water Montrose, Kilsyth Northcote Yarra Valley Water Brunswick West, Brunswick, Brunswick East, Coburg, Northcote, Thornbury, Alphington, Fairfi eld Plenty Yarra Valley Water Briar Hill, Greensborough, Diamond Creek, Plenty, Montmorency Preston Yarra Valley Water Coburg, Preston, Reservoir, Heidelberg Heights, Heidelberg West, Rosanna, View Bank, Macleod, Pascoe Vale Menzies Creek, Kalorama, Mount Dandenong, Tremont, Ferny Creek, Sassafras, Olinda, Sherbrooke, Kallista, Ridge/Monbulk Yarra Valley Water The Patch, Monbulk, Burleigh, Silvan Seville Yarra Valley Water Seville, Seville East, Wandin Broadmeadows, Dallas, Coolaroo, Meadow Heights, Attwood, Westmeadows, Greenvale, Campbellfi eld, Somerton, Somerton Yarra Valley Water Oaklands Junction, Craigieburn, Mickleham, Roxburgh Park Wallan Yarra Valley Water Wallan Warburton Yarra Valley Water Warburton, Wesburn, Millgrove Warranwood, Research, Kangaroo Ground, Donvale, Warrandyte, Park Orchards, Wonga Park, Ringwood, Ringwood Warranwood Yarra Valley Water North, Croydon North Whittlesea Yarra Valley Water Whittlesea, Doreen, Mernda, Yan Yean Woori Yallock Yarra Valley Water Woori Yallock, Yellingbo, Don Valley, Launching Place Yarra Glen Yarra Valley Water Yarra Glen Yarra Junction Yarra Valley Water Yarra Junction, Wesburn

Falls Creek Falls Creek ARMB Falls Creek

Mount Baw Baw Mount Baw Baw ARMB Mount Baw Baw

Mount Hotham Mount Hotham ARMB Mount Hotham

Mount Buller and Mount Mirimbah Mirimbah Stirling ARMB Mt Buller High Level Mount Buller and Mount Mount Buller (high level areas) Reticulation Stirling ARMB Mt Buller Alpine Village Mount Buller and Mount Mount Buller (low level areas) - Low Level Reticulation Stirling ARMB Mt Stirling - Telephone Mount Buller and Mount Mount Stirling - Telephone Box Junction Box Junction Stirling ARMB

Notes ## Murrayville and Watchem not gazetted 154 Annual report on drinking water quality in Victoria