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Kriteriji Odabira Grafičkog Podsustava Računala
Kriteriji odabira grafičkog podsustava računala Hrebak-Pajk, Andrej Undergraduate thesis / Završni rad 2021 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Organization and Informatics / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet organizacije i informatike Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:211:230109 Rights / Prava: Attribution 3.0 Unported Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-26 Repository / Repozitorij: Faculty of Organization and Informatics - Digital Repository SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FAKULTET ORGANIZACIJE I INFORMATIKE V A R A Ž D I N Andrej Hrebak Pajk KRITERIJI ODABIRA GRAFIČKOG PODSUSTAVA RAČUNALA ZAVRŠNI RAD Varaždin, 2021. SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FAKULTET ORGANIZACIJE I INFORMATIKE V A R A Ž D I N Andrej Hrebak Pajk Matični broj: 46293/17-R Studij: Primjena informacijske tehnologije u poslovanju KRITERIJI ODABIRA GRAFIČKOG PODSUSTAVA RAČUNALA ZAVRŠNI RAD Mentor: Izv. prof. dr. sc. Igor Balaban Varaždin, srpanj 2021. Andrej Hrebak Pajk Izjava o izvornosti Izjavljujem da je moj završni rad izvorni rezultat mojeg rada te da se u izradi istoga nisam koristio drugim izvorima osim onima koji su u njemu navedeni. Za izradu rada su korištene etički prikladne i prihvatljive metode i tehnike rada. Autor potvrdio prihvaćanjem odredbi u sustavu FOI-radovi __________________________________________________________________________ Sažetak U ovom radu definirati ću vrste implementacije grafičkog podsustava u računalo i od čega se sastoje: grafički procesor, video memorija, različite vrste izlaznih sučelja (HDMI, DisplayPort,...) i sučelja matične ploče (AGP, PCIe,...). Navesti ću razlike između diskretnog i integriranog grafičkog podsustava, te koje su prednosti i nedostatci korištenja APU-a i grafičke kartice. Usporediti ću arhitekturu i performanse modernog CPU i APU-a. -
Copper Product Catalog BECAUSE PERFORMANCE MATTERS
Copper Product Catalog BECAUSE PERFORMANCE MATTERS ARIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5 13 Category 6 & 6A Products Category 5E Products 23 29 Category 3 Products Patch Panels, Outlets & Jacks 37 Wire Management ARIA Technologies - 102 Wright Brothers Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 Telephone: (925) 447-7500 E-mail: [email protected] ARIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 41 45 Modular Adapters & Products Peripheral Cables & Products 63 83 Performance Plus A/V Products Bulk Cable 88 Connectors & Hoods ARIA Technologies - 102 Wright Brothers Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 Telephone: (925) 447-7500 E-mail: [email protected] ARIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Table of Contents A Category 6, 6A Products 5 H PERFORMANCE PLUS™ Audio/Video 63 Patch Cables........................................................ 6 HDMI™ & DVI Cables...................................... 64 Keystone & 110 Patch Cables.............................. 9 RCA Audio/Video Cables................................. 66 Patch Panels & Keystone Jacks............................... 10 S-Video Cables & Adapters............................... 71 Bulk Cable........................................................... 12 F & BNC Cables................................................ 72 B Category 5E Products 13 Custom Coaxial Cable Ordering Chart............... 73 Y Adapters...................................................... Patch Cables...................................................... 14 74 1/4” & 3.5mm Phone Cables.......................... Patch Panels & Harmonicas................................. 18 75 XLR & TOSLINK™ -
DIGITAL GRADE : AUDIO / VIDEO CABLES GRADE : AUDIO DIGITAL ORDER CODE C31-RF-2RM-XX XX = Custom Length • Connector: High Density D-Sub 15-Pin Male to 3 RCA Male
51 AUDIO CABLES AUDIO/VIDEO COMBINATION CABLES • 2 RCA to 2 RCA Cable - Stereo Audio for Analog / Digital. • 2 RCA (Audio) + 1 RCA(Video) - Stereo Audio + Video for Analog/Digital. • Cable : Mini Coaxial Cable. • Cable : Mini Coaxial Cable. ORDER CODE DESCRIPTION ORDER CODE DESCRIPTION C30-2RM-2RM-03 Audio Cable, 3 feet C30-3RM-AV-03 A/V Cable, 3 feet C30-2RM-2RM-06 Audio Cable, 6 feet C30-3RM-AV-06 A/V Cable, 6 feet C30-2RM-2RM-12 Audio Cable, 12 feet C30-3RM-AV-12 A/V Cable, 12 feet C30-2RM-2RM-XX Audio Cable, Custom Length C30-3RM-AV-XX A/V Cable, Custom Length • 3.5 mm Stereo to 2 RCA Cable - Stereo Audio Y Cable for analog. • 2 RCA (Audio) + S-Video (Video) - Stereo Audio + Video • Cable : Copper Wire With Double Shielded. for Analog/Digital. ORDER CODE DESCRIPTION • Cable : Mini Coaxial Cable. ORDER CODE DESCRIPTION C30-SM-2RM-03 Audio Cable, 3 feet C30-2RM-SV-03 A/V Cable, 3 feet C30-SM-2RM-06 Audio Cable, 6 feet C30-2RM-SV-06 A/V Cable, 6 feet C30-SM-2RM-12 Audio Cable, 12 feet C30-2RM-SV-12 A/V Cable, 12 feet C30-SM-2RM-XX Audio Cable, Custom Length C30-2RM-SV-XX A/V Cable, Custom Length • 2 RCA (Audio) + 3 RCA (Video) - Stereo Audio + Component VIDEO CABLES Cable for Analog/Digital. • 1 RCA to 1 RCA Video Cable - for Analog/Digital. • Cable : Mini Coaxial. • Cable : Mini Coaxial Cable. ORDER CODE DESCRIPTION ORDER CODE DESCRIPTION C30-5RM-5RM-03 A/V Cable, 3 feet C30-RM-RM-03 Video Cable, 3 feet C30-5RM-5RM-06 A/V Cable, 6 feet C30-RM-RM-06 Video Cable, 6 feet C30-5RM-5RM-12 A/V Cable, 12 feet C30-RM-RM-12 Video Cable, 12 feet C30-5RM-5RM-XX A/V Cable, Custom Length C30-RM-RM-XX Video Cable, Custom Length • S-Video to S-Video Video Cable - for Analog/Digital. -
NP-Complete NP-Hard
Complexity Theory Part Two Recap from Last Time The Complexity Class P ● The complexity class P (polynomial time) is defined as P = { L | There is a polynomial-time decider for L } ● Intuitively, P contains all decision problems that can be solved efficiently. ● This is like class P, except with “efficiently” tacked onto the end. The Complexity Class NP ● The complexity class NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) contains all problems that can be verified in polynomial time. ● Formally: NP = { L | There is a polynomial-time verifier for L } ● Intuitively, NP is the set of problems where “yes” answers can be checked efficiently. ● This is like the class RE, but with “efficiently” tacked on to the definition. The Biggest Unsolved Problem in Theoretical Computer Science: P ≟ NP Theorem (Baker-Gill-Solovay): Any proof that purely relies on universality and self-reference cannot resolve P ≟ NP. Proof: Take CS154! So how are we going to reason about P and NP? New Stuff! A Challenge REG P NP Problems in NP vary widely in their difficulty, even if P = NP. How can we rank the relative difficulties of problems? Reducibility Maximum Matching ● Given an undirected graph G, a matching in G is a set of edges such that no two edges share an endpoint. ● A maximum matching is a matching with the largest number of edges. Maximum Matching ● Given an undirected graph G, a matching in G is a set of edges such that no two edges share an endpoint. ● A maximum matching is a matching with the largest number of edges. Maximum Matching ● Given an undirected graph G, a matching in G is a set of edges such that no two edges share an endpoint. -
Grafické Karty a Monitory (Metodické Materiály) Dr
Počítačová grafika Grafické karty a monitory (metodické materiály) dr. Josef Šedivý Centrum talentů UHK, 2010 Grafické karty zajišťuje o zobrazení obrazu na monitoru Původně grafické čipy (TV modulátory) integrovány na základní desce, avšak řešení karty je výhodnější (výkonnější) Možnost upgradu Obvykle větší výkon (zákl. desky s integrovanými výkonnými grafickými čipy jsou velmi drahé) Vlastní paměť Grafické karty Na obrázku: MicroStar NX9600GT Zilent-T2D1GB-OC 1GB, PCI-E (www. microstar.com) Součásti grafické karty GPU – grafický procesor Zpracovává 3D geometrii do 2D obrazu Obsahuje: Unifikované shadery - náhrada za Pixel (nanáší na zobrazované pixely texturu) a Vertex (přenáší na objekty vstupní geometrii, zpracovává například hladinu vody) jednotky. Jsou programovatelné a díky tomu nemusí počítat pouze zobrazovatelná data, ale i výpočty pro vědu a další. NVIDIA má každý unifikovaný shader plnohodnotný, AMD používá 5D shadery (5 menších shaderů jako celek). Řadič pamětí - Komunikace mezi grafickou pamětí a GPU. NVIDIA až po GDDR3, AMD až po GDDR5 TMU jednotky - Dávají na objekty textury ROP jednotky - Stará se o konečný výstup dat Součásti grafické karty Paměť Jsou v ní ukládána data nutná pro grafické výpočty Pokud je karta integrovaná na zákl. desce, využívá operační paměť počítače Typy využívaných pamětí: Typ DDR DDR2 DDR3 GDDR3 GDDR4 GDDR5 Frekvence 166 - 400 - 700 - 700 - 1600 - 3000 - paměti (MHz) 600 1000 2200 2400 2400 4000 Propustnost 5.3 - 12.8 - 22.4 - 22.4 - 51.2 - 96 - 128 (GB/s) 19.2 32 70.4 76.8 76.8 Propustnost je při 256-bit sběrnici. Brát pouze orientačně Součásti grafické karty Firmware, RAMDAC Firmware programové ovládání grafické karty uloženo na vlastním paměťovém čipu obsahuje označení karty, takty GPU a paměti atd. -
Tri-Net Technolog Y, Inc. 01 01
01 COMPANY PROFILE stablished in 1992 in Walnut, California, Tri-Net Technology (TNT) has been committed to providing its customers with intelligent networking solutions. TNT’s mission is to continually grow with technology and to ensure that its customers are provided with the best Esolutions possible. By relentlessly pushing forward, TNT will provide its customers with the right product backed by years of industry experience along with unsurpassed quality and service. Our increasing list of business partners and worldwide distributors validates our commitment towards progressive growth. • Partners-Suppliers: Belden, CommScope / Systimax, Lucent Technologies, Hubbell, Tyco/AMP and many more. • Domestic Distributors: Cabling System Warehouse, Genesee Supply Co., KGP Telecommunications, DuVac, Pacifi c Radio, Orvac, Industrial Electronics, L-COM Inc., and many more to come. • International Distributors: Japan - MISUMI; Russia - StepLogic; Singapore - Asia Wiring System; Brazil - Policom; UK - MH Connectors; Puerto Rico - Bytek; Greece - SmartNet; Canada - Celestica; El Salvador, Guatemara - Signo; UAE - MED Information Networks; New Zealand - Wired Limited. TRI-NET TECHNOLOGY, INC. TRI-NET TECHNOLOGY, Tri-Net Technology has been featured several times on numerous newspapers and television specials for its continued success. The growing list includes the Los Angeles Times, Warner Brother’s affi liate KTLA 5 in Los Angeles and several local edition newspapers. TNT can also be found on the Internet at www.trinetusa.com. Visitors to the website may browse through an online catalog, peruse TNT’s featured product lines, and take a virtual tour of the company’s main headquarters. TNT makes several appearances at major industry conventions, some which includes Networld+Interop and the Electronic Distributors Show held yearly in Las Vegas, Nevada and the Electronic House Expo (EHX Fall). -
NP-Completeness Part One
NP-Completeness Part One Recap from Last Time The Limits of Efficient Computation P NP R P and NP Refresher ● The class P consists of all problems decidable in polynomial time. ● The class NP consists of all problems verifiable in polynomial time. ● We don't know whether P = NP or not, and unfortunately a theorem by Baker, Gill, and Soloway shows that the approaches we've used with R and RE won't work here. ● So... what can we do? Reducibility Maximum Matching ● Given an undirected graph G, a matching in G is a set of edges such that no two edges share an endpoint. ● A maximum matching is a matching with the largest number of edges. Maximum Matching ● Jack Edmonds' paper “Paths, Trees, and Flowers” gives a polynomial-time algorithm for finding maximum matchings. ● (This is the same Edmonds as in “Cobham- Edmonds Thesis.) ● Using this fact, what other problems can we solve? Domino Tiling Solving Domino Tiling Solving Domino Tiling Solving Domino Tiling In Pseudocode boolean canPlaceDominos(Grid G, int k) { return hasMatching(gridToGraph(G), k); } Boggle Spelling Given a set of Boggle cubes and a target word or phrase, is it possible to arrange the cubes so that you spell out that word or phrase? Boggle Spelling C U B E E S C Y T P O T A H R D UWN P B V E O R R C T I L F K H A N U G J Y I In Pseudocode boolean canSpell(List<Cube> cubes, String word) { return hasMatching(makeGraph(cubes, word), word.length()); } Reachability ● Consider the following problem: Given an directed graph G and nodes s and t in G, is there a path from s to t? ● As a formal language: REACHABILITY = { ⟨G, s, t⟩ | G is a directed graph, s and t are nodes in G, and there's a path from s to t } ● Theorem: REACHABILITY ∈ P. -
Sun Monitors
SunTM Monitors Just the Facts Copyrights ©2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, TurboGX, TurboGX Plus, Sun Ray, Sun Blade, Ultra, PGX, and PGX32 are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Trinitron, L-SAGIC, and AR Coating are registered trademarks of Sony Electronics, Inc. PanelLink is a registered trademark of Silicon Image, Inc. VESA is a registered trademark of Video Electronics Standards Association. Last Update: 8/13/02 Just the Facts March 2002 2 Table of Contents Product Line Overview.......................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................4 Highlights.........................................................................................................................................................................4 Compatibility...................................................................................................................................................................4 Sun Monitor Overview....................................................................................................................................................5 17-inch Sun Color Monitor................................................................................................................................................6 -
Patch Panels, Outlets & Jacks
ARIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Patch Panels, Outlets & Jacks 30 Keystone Patch Panels 31 Keystone Jacks & Couplers 32 Designer Wall Plates, Loaded & Unloaded 33 Keystone, Screw Terminal & Junction Wall Plates 34 Junction Panels, Loaded & Unloaded 36 Surface Mount Boxes & Couplers ARIA Technologies - 102 Wright Brothers Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 Telephone: (925) 447-7500 E-mail: [email protected] 29 ARIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Keystone Patch Panels ARIA’s keystone/multimedia patch panels offer the ultimate in design and choice for applications from voice to video to Gigabit Ethernet. Choose from panels preloaded with keystone style jacks, unloaded panels or contact the factory for pre-loaded panels customized to user- specific applications. Flush Mount Keystone Panels, Unloaded ARIA’s “flush mount” keystone panels feature a two-piece design allowing keystone style jacks to be “flush mounted” for an aesthetic appearance. (Application: Panel mounting of keystone style jack) PFKVF-24 24 port unloaded (2U) PFKVF-32 32 port unloaded (2U) PFKVF-48 48 port unloaded (3U) PFKVF-96 96 port unloaded (6U) Flush Mount Keystone Panels, Loaded with Category 5E or 6 Feed-Through Couplers ARIA’s “flush mount” Category 5E feed-through keystone panels features our two-piece design “flush mount” panels loaded with BM603B-IC8 Category 5E keystone style feed-through couplers. (Application: Feed-through Category 5E patch field for data cabling) MPFVF-248-Cxx 24 port coupler loaded (2U) MPFVF-328-Cxx 32 port coupler loaded (2U) MPFVF-488-Cxx 48 port coupler loaded (3U) MPFVF-968-Cxx 96 port coupler loaded (6U) Shown with blue jacks to show flush mounting, standard Replace “xx” with “5E” for Category 5E or “6” for Category 6 couplers. -
CSD Catalog 2016.Pdf
• Premise/Structured Cabling Solutions • RF/Wireless Connectivity Products • Fiber Optic Cables and Enclosures Your Link To... • Racks, Cabinets & ...The World of Network Connectivity Cable Management • Active Network Products • Network Memory, GBICs & SFPs • Network & Datacom Cables • Warehousing & Logistics Support Edition #300 [P] 1.800.434.5750 [F] 1.800.718.4199 Comm Source Data, Inc. — Committed to providing new and innovative products. Comm Source Data, Inc. has been serving data, voice and telecommunication customers for over 10 years. Our experienced sales and support staff knows how to help you find and implement the best solutions for your networking needs. Whether it’s providing timely answers to technical questions or sourcing hard to find items, we take great pride in “coming through” for our customers, even when no one else can or will. Comm Source offers a wide range of quality, off- the-shelf networking products for data, voice and telecommunications applications. We also offer custom products and services to meet your specific needs. Our customers know that they can bring us their unique requirements and we’ll make every effort to locate or develop a cost-effective solution for them. Whether you’re looking for quality products or special services such as product stocking programs, product sourcing, product “kitting,” project roll-outs, expedited shipping or customized delivery and fulfillment services, Comm Source Data can help. Look for new products throughout our catalog. CAT 6A Patch Cables CAT 6A Patch Panels Audio/Video Cables Custom Coax Cables Audio/Video RF/Wireless Products Pg. 2 & Jacks Pg. 76 Pg. 81 Connectors & Adapters Pg. -
NP-Completeness
Complexity Theory Part Two Recap from Last Time The Cobham-Edmonds Thesis A language L can be decided efficiently if there is a TM that decides it in polynomial time. Equivalently, L can be decided efficiently if it can be decided in time O(nk) for some k ∈ ℕ. LikeLike the the Church-Turing Church-Turing thesis, thesis, this this is is notnot a a theorem! theorem! It'sIt's an an assumption assumption about about the the nature nature of of efficientefficient computation,computation, andand it it is is somewhat controversial. somewhat controversial. The Complexity Class P ● The complexity class P (for polynomial time) contains all problems that can be solved in polynomial time. ● Formally: P = { L | There is a polynomial-time decider for L } ● Assuming the Cobham-Edmonds thesis, a language is in P if it can be decided efficiently. Polynomial-Time Verifiers ● A polynomial-time verifier for L is a TM V such that ● V halts on all inputs. ● w ∈ L iff ∃c ∈ Σ*. V accepts ⟨w, c⟩. ● V's runtime is a polynomial in |w| (that is, V's runtime is O(|w|k) for some integer k) The Complexity Class NP ● The complexity class NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) contains all problems that can be verified in polynomial time. ● Formally: NP = { L | There is a polynomial-time verifier for L } ● The name NP comes from another way of characterizing NP. If you introduce nondeterministic Turing machines and appropriately define “polynomial time,” then NP is the set of problems that an NTM can solve in polynomial time. -
Kriteriji Odabira Grafičkog Podsustava Računala
Kriteriji odabira grafičkog podsustava računala Hrebak-Pajk, Andrej Undergraduate thesis / Završni rad 2021 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Organization and Informatics / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet organizacije i informatike Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:211:230109 Rights / Prava: Attribution 3.0 Unported Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-24 Repository / Repozitorij: Faculty of Organization and Informatics - Digital Repository SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FAKULTET ORGANIZACIJE I INFORMATIKE V A R A Ž D I N Andrej Hrebak Pajk KRITERIJI ODABIRA GRAFIČKOG PODSUSTAVA RAČUNALA ZAVRŠNI RAD Varaždin, 2021. SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FAKULTET ORGANIZACIJE I INFORMATIKE V A R A Ž D I N Andrej Hrebak Pajk Matični broj: 46293/17-R Studij: Primjena informacijske tehnologije u poslovanju KRITERIJI ODABIRA GRAFIČKOG PODSUSTAVA RAČUNALA ZAVRŠNI RAD Mentor: Izv. prof. dr. sc. Igor Balaban Varaždin, srpanj 2021. Andrej Hrebak Pajk Izjava o izvornosti Izjavljujem da je moj završni rad izvorni rezultat mojeg rada te da se u izradi istoga nisam koristio drugim izvorima osim onima koji su u njemu navedeni. Za izradu rada su korištene etički prikladne i prihvatljive metode i tehnike rada. Autor potvrdio prihvaćanjem odredbi u sustavu FOI-radovi __________________________________________________________________________ Sažetak U ovom radu definirati ću vrste implementacije grafičkog podsustava u računalo i od čega se sastoje: grafički procesor, video memorija, različite vrste izlaznih sučelja (HDMI, DisplayPort,...) i sučelja matične ploče (AGP, PCIe,...). Navesti ću razlike između diskretnog i integriranog grafičkog podsustava, te koje su prednosti i nedostatci korištenja APU-a i grafičke kartice. Usporediti ću arhitekturu i performanse modernog CPU i APU-a.