35702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979

SUPPLY CORPS SUPPLY CORPS APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION Alderman, Robert B. Boyter, Henry G. III La.nka.mer, Victor F. Albert P. Smith, of Kentucky, to be Fed­ Decker, Craig M. Masters, Paul G. CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS eral Oocha.irma.n of the Appalachian Region­ Perry, W111 H. III Scherini, Ralph 0. Sherman, Marc al Commission, vice Robert Walter Scott, Tracy, Elizabeth A. The following-named ensign of the Supply resigned. Corps, of the U.S. Navy, for appointment in DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS the line, as permanent ensign, pursuant to Joseph A. Doyle, of New York, to be an Wright, Dennis E. title 10, United States Code, sections 5582(a.) The following-named ensigns of the line, a.nd 5791, subject to qualification therefor Assistant Secretary of the Navy, vice Edward of the U.S. Navy, for appointment in the as provided by la.w: Hidalgo, elevated. various sta.ti corps, as indicated, as perma­ Johnson, Darrel G. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION nent ensigns, pursuant to title 10, United DEPARTMENT OF STATE Reginald E. Gilliam, Jr., of Virginia., to be States Code, sections 5582(b) a.nd 5791, sub­ Victor H. Palmieri, of California., to be Am­ a. Member of the Interstate Commerce Com­ ject to qualification therefor as provided by bassador at Large and United States Coor­ mission for the term of 7 years from Janu­ la.w: dinator for Refugee Affairs. ary 1, 1976, vice Kenneth H. Tuggle.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

ENGLAND•s LUCAS AEROSPACE disaJPpear altogether in January. The CAMPAIGNING FOR SOCIALLY USEFUL WORK: A EXPERIMENT: INDUSTRIAL CON­ city of Hamtmmck, a small city within NEW STRATEGY To PREVENT ECONOMIC VERSION FOR SOCIALLY USEFUL the city of Detroit, already has lost more DISLOCATION WORK than $2 million in tax revenues and has For years the unions a.t Lucas Aerospace had to cut back severely on the delivery in England fought unsuccessfully against a. "restructuring" which led to 5,000 layoffs in of municipal services. Although Detroit the early 1970's. The Shop Stewards Combine HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. is not alone in being victimized by plant Committee, representing workers a.t a.ll six­ OF MICHIGAN shutdowns-virtually every major city teen Lucas plants, soon realized that they has its own examples-Detroit stands could no longer campaign for the kind of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to suffer heavily because its auto indus­ jobs proposed by management. By 1974it ha.d Wednesday, December 12, 1979 try is in serious decline and the local become apparent that it wa.s the very nature economy has experienced unprecedented of Lucas's products a.nd manufacturing tech­ • Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, the prob­ unemployment and recession for years. niques which led to work force reductions. lems besetting America's auto, steel, and At the suggestion of then-Minister of In­ The Dodge-main workers have made dustry Tony Benn, the Combine Committee tire industries raise very disturbing substantial efforts to win public support decided to move in a.n unprecedented new questions about the whole American to keep their plant open. They have ef­ direction which would demonstrate their economy. Are these cases isolated fectively answered the charges that the a.b111ty to work on socially useful goods not instances, or are they interrelated, plant was obsolete. With the decision included in Lucas' portfolio. Out of this ef­ pointing up the seriousness of industrial fort grew the initiative known a.s the Corpo­ made to shut it down, they are partici­ rate Plan, a. 12-volume document compiled dislocations in America? The sheer pating in a local economic development trend and numbers of industrial plant­ entirely by the work force under the direc­ effort to purchase Dodge-main from tion of the Combine. The plan is a. blueprint closings, of lagging industrial invest­ Chrysler and convert the plant to alter­ of 150 technically feasible product proposals ment and innovation, the shrinking native productive uses. which would utilize existing job skills a.nd share of American products in export plant ma.c}linery without the need for lay­ markets, the continuing balance-of­ A model for this effort at industrial offs. payments deficits, and the declining conversion through worker control ex­ The product proposals include both com­ markets for basic products such as autos ists in England. The workers at 16 Lucas mercially marketable goods a.nd less profit­ and steel in the face of overseas import Aerospace factories were notified several able public products. Among the innovative competition would indicate fundamental years ago their plants would be closed products proposed by the workers a.re retard­ problems exist. and all the workers would be laid off. ed breaking systexns based on the dynometer principle, control systexns for oil and natural A dramatic example of one facet of The Lucas workers on their own created gas exploration, telechiric devices, kidney the problem-plant closings-has occur­ a planning organization that developed machines, hob-carts for children suffering red recently in the Detroit area. Chrysler blueprints for the production of 150 tech­ from spinal disease, heat pumps for low­ announced last week it will shut down nically feasible new products-socially energy housing, hybrid power packs, guided on January 6 its Dodge main plant in useful products-which could be easily roa.d/ra.il transport systexns a.nd portable life­ support systexns. Hamtramck, Mich. This plant, at one produced at the 16 plants slated for time a flagship in Chrysler's worldwide shutdown. Although none of the spec11lc product pro­ operations, at its peak turned out more posals have entered production, the existence than 500,000 vehicles annually and As a result of the workers' initiative of the plan has ha.d a. powerful a.nd impor­ employed over 20,000 workers. Over the at Lucas Aerospace, the plants have been tant effect. In the six years since the develop­ years Dodge-main had been continu­ kept open the past several years, and ment of the Corporate Plan, no layoffs have industry and government are beginning occurr•d a.t Lucas Aerospace. The campaign ously modified and modernized to for socially useful production ha.s tlius accommodate new automotive products. to examine the workers' proposals for proved to be a. successful strategy for pre­ As recently as a year ago, it was slated alternative socially useful production. venting dislocation. by Chrysler for major renovation. Plans While there are many differences between The Shop Stewards movement has raised were drawn up to convert it to the pro­ the Lucas and Dodge-main situations, fundamental questions about the nature of duction of Chrysler's most fuel-efficient American workers can learn a great deal industrial society. According to Mike Cooley, cars of the future. In fact, it was from the actions taken by workers in a. leading member of the Lucas Stewards announced the plant would house the Britain. Committee, the combination of unprecedent­ most sophisticated automated robot ed structural unemployment, resource de­ technology for auto assembly in use any­ The Lucas experiment has captured a pletion a.nd the una.va.ila.b111ty of human where in the world. Yet just last Spring great deal of attention, and in order to necessities can be attributed largely to the Chrysler completely reversed its earlier make it better known, I am attaching misuse of technology in modern industrial plans and announced the closing of two articles that explain the genesis and society. Dodge-Mlain. development of the British workers' cam­ Expressed through the Corporate Plan, the paign for industrial conversion for so­ essential philosophy of the Lucas Committee The Hamtramck Dodge-main work­ is the unacceptabillty of worker layoffs force of nearly 9,000, many of whom are cially useful work. I recommend them to while there simultaneously exists a vast minority workers, now has dwindled to my colleagues. "underconsumption" of products which sat­ a few thousand and the workforce will The articles follow: isfy basic human needs. Their campaign for

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35703 socially useful work has thus attempted to technologies. At the same time the question the sort of society we can develop, firmly on link employment struggles with broader so­ of ownership and control is being raised. the agenda of the labour and trade union cietal questions. This argument has also been adopted by .movement.e The same misuse o! technology and capt­ some Labour unions. For example a resolu­ tal which has allowed urban areas to de­ tion passed at a United Auto Workers' "Aero­ teriorate, medical problems to remain un­ space Conference" included: "A solar Unit THE FIRST VICTORY solved and energy and transport systems !or every American home, noise reduction to consume non-renewable resources also units !or American factories. People movers leads to unemployment and economic dtslo­ for our big cities. New ventllation systems HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER catlon. These trends, as Cooley points out, !or noxious workplaces; these are the places 01' COLORADO where US aerospace workers are likely to find are destined to continue so long as business IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES decisions remain governed solely by the profit employment in the upcoming years. Skills motive. of aerospace workers are readily adapted to Wednesday, December 12, 1979 Challenging corporate declsionmaklng is perform the work necessary !or the design hardly a new concept. What is most inter­ and building of equipment and systems that e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, hon­ esting is the development of a concrete strat­ could help in the resolution of some of the oring "firsts" always gives one a sense egy for combating industrial dislocations. pressing problems of our society, such as of historical significance. But for women The Shop Stewards have succeeded in forc­ mass transportation, energy, education, en­ whose "firsts" have occurred relatively ing management to maintain employment, vircnment, housing and dozens of other as­ late along the line, our moments are es­ while at the same time building a strong po­ pects of modern life" (quoted in Environ­ pecially treasured. As the only Western liticaL movement to challenge the way de­ mentalist !or Full Employment Number 2, cisions are made. Indeed the building of that Spring 1976). Congresswoman in the 96th Congress, I movement is the very dynamic which has Workers employed by Lockheed in the San am very proud that it was one of our prevented Lucas !rom laying off workers. Francisco area are also beglnning to raise States, Wyoming, that was the first In effect, by decla.ring the right to pro­ the same questions. As one Lockheed en­ State in the Union to grant women the duce socially useful goods, the Shop Stewards gineer put it in an interview in Ploughshare right to vote and to hold office. I would have created a national constituency for their Press (Volume 1 Number 2, Spring 1976) a like to share with my colleagues an arti­ continued employment. Lucas has been un­ US peace conversion newspaper: "I think cle from the Denver Post which describes wllllng, !or example, to layoff workers who that diversification in general is probably have shown their desire and abll1ty to build a good idea in that it would offer Lockheed an exhibition celebrating this important kidney machines in a country where 3,000 or any other company an opportUnity to first--"Wyoming: The First Victory": people die each year !or lack of such devices. make broader use of its personnel". His sug­ EXHIBIT ON EQUALITY TO OPEN Perhaps the key aspect of the campaign for gestion was !or emphasis on " ... things like (By Joanne Ditmer) socially useful production has been its abil­ mass transit, solar heating or other alter­ The women of Wyoming had had full voting ity to motivate workers to take control of native forms of energy". rights for a half-century before the 19th their own lives. In the Corporate Plan the So far little progress has been made, partly Lucas Shop Stewards have found a mecha­ because of the disinterest of the union bu­ Amendment granted women's suffrage to nism for heightening worker consciousness reaucracy. One Lockheed machinist saw a the rest of the United States in 1919. regarding the potentllal of their own sk1lls need !or more grass roots militancy: "the An exhibit chronicling the history of sex­ and knowledge. Under the direction of the union could play the most important role, ual equality in the United States, and the Stewards, Lucas workers have assumed re­ but it will never do it because it is not important role played by Wyoming will open spons1b111t1es for production planning nor­ oriented to being a leader in the field of Monday at the historic Governors' Mansion mally reserved !or management. progress or revolution. in Cheyenne. The IAM (machinist's union) staunchly "Wyoming: The First Victory" has photo­ This unprecedented ca.U !or labor pa.rtlcl­ graphs, documents and historic objects re­ patlon has sparked strong interest and en­ believes that the type of work that the fa­ c111ty does is the management's prerogative. lated to men and women of the state's early ·thusiasm among many workers. This is mani­ history. There also will be early suffrage fest in the prollferatlon of worker plans in What we got to do is say, hey, it's the man­ agement's prerogative but its also (in) our photographs from the Elizabeth and Arthur other industries throughout Britain. such as Schlesinger Library of Radcliffe College and those complled by the workers at C. A. Par­ interest to see that other things are done" sons, Chrysler Rolls Royce and Dunlop. It is (Ploughshare Press Volume 1 Number 1, materials from the Western History Research also evident in the strong interest expressed Spring 1976). Center of the University of Wyoming. · Even senior engineers are beginning to see The Judith Kaplan collection of rare doc­ by such other European unions a.s the FLM in uments, letters and memorabllia of the na­ Italy and I. G. ~eta.ll in Germany. a need !or collective organisation at the local level, despite their traditional resistance to tional women's movement also wlll be on It may seem utopian to advocate such a display. It is considered the largest and campaign in the context of American labor collective action. As one engineer put it: "The unfortunate thing is having to organise most extensive private collection of women '8 relations. Certainly nothing resembling the history materials in the nation. milita.ry workers' tmdltlon and strong shop or band together in order to talk objectively about these things within the context of When Gov. John Campbell signed "An Act floor organization ot British industry exists to Grant to the Women of Wyoming Ter­ in the United States. management--employee relations. You like to think you are important enough that they ritory the Right of Suffrage, and To Hold Nonetheless, the concept of socially useful are going to listen to you, but then you find Office," on Dec. 10, 1869, American women work is so Important that a search !or p1'8C­ they are not taking you seriously" (ibid). • were in the midst of a desperate and losing tical applications tn the U.s. seems well It seems then that even in the very differ­ battle to secure their political rights. It worth ·the effort. The beginnings of such an ent U.S. context both blue collar workers and inspired women across the nation to try attempt may already be present in the grow­ senior engineers are adopting an approach to secure suffrage for themselves, but they ing arms conversion movement. There are in terms of technological demands and or­ were largely ignored as .the nation sought important lessons to be learned !rom the ganisation structure similar to that of the to secure passage of the (male) Negro su!­ British and European experience. The time Lucas workers. The senior engineer quoted !rage amendment and to recover from the has come to begin a serious public di&cus­ above argued that there was a need !or an strl!e of the Civll War. ston on these efforts. organisation which would "be vitally 'in­ The Wyoming display traces the history volved in working for conversion. of women's struggle for equality from Abi­ CONVERSION CAMPAIGNS IN OTHER COUNTRIES "One of the reasons !or its existence would gail Adams' famous letter to her husband, Lucas-style campaigns have also occurred be job security !or its members, so therefore promising a new revolution formed by women abroad. For example a group of glassbottle such an organisation should play a funda­ if their rights to self-government were makers in the SURTE factory in southern mental role in organising and negotiating denied, through early feminist writings up Sweden have adopted a similar approach. for alternative job situations for its mem­ to the current controversy over the Equal Faced with threats of closure, caused by the bers" (ibid). Rights Amendment. The substantial accom­ company's preference !or profitable but en­ Allin all it appears that Lucas-type strate­ plishments of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lu­ vironmentally damaging non-returnable gies are being taken up fairly widely in a cretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony and C'l.rrie cans, the workers, aided by technical ad­ number of different industries. Certainly Chapman Catt are recorded to ·tell modern visers !rom a nearby university, have been there has been considerable trade union in­ citizens what their feminine predecessors against closure on both social and environ­ terest in the Lucas campaign both in Britain fought for. mental grounds. Peace conversion activists and abroad-and members of the Combine "Wyoming: the First Victory" will show in the US have, adopted a slmllar approach, Committee have contributed to a large num­ for a year on the second floor of -the His­ pointing out that military equipment pro­ ber of conferences, publications and broad­ toric Governors' Mansion. Built in 1905, and duction is capital and energy intensive and casts, in this country and elsewhere. an executive mansion until 1976, it was once that more Jobs could be created through in­ It is clear however that the Lucas workers the home of Nelbe Taylo Ross, first woman vestment in c1v111an oriented projects--such and those who are following them are put­ governor in the United States. Mrs. Ross was as mass transit, environmental protection, ting a whole host of fundamental questions elected in 1924 in a special election after energy conservation and alternative energy as to the nature and use of technology and the death of her husband, Gov. Willlam B. 35704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979 Ross. She served two years, and then be­ release their "reserves" when average na­ of Alpha Industries, setting forth in de­ came the first woman director of the U.S. tional prices for their crops reach legislated tail the MSHA inspection activities in­ Mint.e limits. Current prices hit these target levels volving the Alpha Industries, for which in late summer triggering sales that resulted Mr. Wright was quite criticaJ. in the cutback of wheat and corn stocks by The Subcommittee on Health and NEW RUSSIAN GRAIN DEAL: 25 to 30 percent from their peak of a few months earler. Soviet or other purchasers Safety, which I chair, recently concluded FARMERS LOSE AGAIN could trip the Wire again soon. In 1980, the 14 days of oversight hearings into the Government will not offer special payments administration of the Mine Safety and HON·. RICHARD NOLAN for setting aside a portion of land from pro­ Health Act. During the hearings it was duction. The intent is to have a greater OF MINNESOTA apparent that there was substantial mis­ supply in the market stream, enough to cover understanding and misinterpretation of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES additional sales to the Russians as well as amounts for all other regular importers of the act. Wednesday, December 12, 1979 American grain. I have requested Mr. Legather, Assist­ • Mr. NOLAN. Mr. Speaker, according The policy shift may be adequate to com­ ant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety to Richard Gilmore's article which ap­ pensate for a moderate increase in demand­ and Health, to review Mr. Wright's letter. poo.red in the New York Times on De­ maybe, assuming the Russians buy less, or I have received Mr. Lagather's response cember 10, 1979, farmers are not the barring unforseen import requirements in and ask that it be included following my winners in the Carter administration's other countries that have grown dependent remarks. on American supplies. The margin for error In his letter, Mr. Lagather points out recent decision to allow the Soviet Union is great. · to purchase 25 million tons of grain. Gil­ that in its inspection of Alpha Industries, Whatever the effects on America and, in­ MSHA has been carrying out its congres­ more has cleared away the administra­ directly, the world economy, the Russians tion's tangled web of distortions and will profit. By releasing the farmer-held re­ sional mandate of two annual complete misconceptions regarding who will bene­ serves and thereby creating more supply on health and safety inspections of surface fit the most from the recent SQles to the the market, America is in effect keeping a lid operations. He also notes that, contrary Soviets. The grain trade, it becomes on export prices likely to last as long as Mos­ to :Mr. Wright's contention, MSHA in­ cow is shopping here. Right now it is·a buyer's spectors do not make special trips to in­ clear, will benefit the most at the ex­ market. The Russians can buy our grain with pense of U.S. producers and consumers. spect that Alpha Mines, but inspect these cheap dollars, made cheaper by sales of their mines while inspecting others in the area. Despite the fact that inftation has own gold. They can also count on the assist­ Finally, Mr. Lagather makes mention of eaten up farm profits in 1979 and that ance of Washington to make supplies avail­ MSHA's recently initiated compliance as­ the Agriculture Department projects a able. Because of economic dimculties at sistance visit (CAV) program. 20-percent drop in net farm income in home, Washington cannot offer equally at­ tractive guarantees to American producers or Under this program, inspectors visit 1979, the White House continues to op­ an inflation-free commitment to consumers. mines for the purpose of pointing out pose adequate improvements in the price Since we need to improve our trade ac­ any conditions or practices which are in support program. Gilmore's article re­ count, we are prepared to gloss over any mis­ violation of the Mine Act so that they veals that the Carter administration's givings in this large-scale drain of supplies. may be corrected by the operator with­ agricultural export policy also short­ Gone are Congressional and public outcries out him being assessed civil penalties. changes U.S. farmers. of a grain robbery. The main reason for this Since these visits are conducted when The article follows: turnaround is more a frustration over our mines are not in operation, this program GRAIN FOR RUSSIA economic travail than a hard assessment of the contribution that these expected sales should be beneficial to Alpha Industries (By Richard Gilmore) will make. which operates on a seasonal basis and is WASHINGTON.-The Carter Administration Economics aside, how does this new accord thus eligible for such visits. has approved large-scale grain sales to the on grain relate to diplomacy? Henry A. Kis­ I now include in the RECORD Mr. Soviet Union without clearly understanding singer viewed food as a weapon that we could Lagather's letter: how they will affect our economic and apply again.st the Russians. The Carter Ad­ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, MINE foreign-policy interests. ministration rejected the food-weapon option SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRA­ Conventional wisdom has it that this new in handling the latest Cuban crisis. To the TION , deal, concluded in October, will benefit extent that there is a policy at all, the new Arlington, Va., November 30, 1979. American farmers by keeping wheat and approach is to welcome exports to the Soviet Hon. JosEPH M. GAYDOS, corn prices at their current high levels; Union as a blessing to both countries. Zbig­ Chairman, Subcommittee on Health and farmers will, consequently, have higher in­ niew Brzezinski said that withholding sales comes for the year-a gain for President Safety, Committee on Education and would be like "shooting oneself in the foot"­ Labor, House of Representatives, Wash­ Carter and farmer Jones-and American that Soviet purchases are too precious to us consumers won't be afillcted by infiationary ington, D.C. and potentially helpful in the political arena DEAR CHAIRMAN GAYDOS: ThiS is in re­ food prices. to try to manipulate them. sponse to your letter of November 21, 1979, The explanation for this view is simple: The Russians now have free rein to buy up concerning a letter inserted in the Federal "We have more grain stocks than we need, to the 25-million-ton ceiling. The deal is now and unloading 25 million tons in commer­ Register on November 14, 1979, to Congress­ in the hands of the grain trade. Tbe United man Tauke from Michael Wright, Safety Di­ cial sales will reduce the costs of storing States failed to secure maximum feasible rector of Alpha Industries, Marion, Iowa. them or holding down production. Besides, economic and political gain. This time it is Alpha mines and mills materials at 24 loca­ today's market prices have already regis­ too late. but in the future the United States tions which requires 24 mine identification tered the impact of these huge purchases, can ill a.trord to offer such huge sales without numbers and each mine is required under the guaranteeing no infiationary price hikes in full knowledge of the consequences.• Mine Act to be inspected a minimum of two the future. times annually to assure the health and safe­ This explanation is not supported by the ty of the miners employed by Alpha. It is im­ facts. Few wheat and corn growers have made possible for a mine inspector, in the perform­ money on export sales to the Soviet Union MSHA RESPONSE TO CONCERNS ance of his duties, to determine which plant or on large contracts to any foreign buyer. or crew will be involved in the milling of In 1972, when our exports almost doubled OVER ITS INSPECTION ACTIVITIES materials at any particular location at any from 1971, average wheat prices at the farm particular time. went up less than 25 percent. Wheat ship­ An informal investigation revealed that ments in the next two years were in a slump RON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS MSHA inspectors do not make a special trip but farm prices climbed to record levels of OF PENNSYLVANIA to inspect the Alpha mines, but inspect the over $4 per bushel. Moreover, the trend from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mines while inspecting other mining proper­ 1969 to 1979 shows that exports infiuence ties in the area. prices off the farm more than at the farm Wednesday, December 12, 1979 MSHA has conducted thirty-seven com­ gate: Intermediaries stand to gain dispro­ plete safety and health inspections and 2 portionately more from large individual e Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Sneaker, the CoN­ GRESSIONAL RECORD of November 14, 1979, compliance follow-up inspections at the sales than growers do. twenty-four Alpha permanent and inter­ Current surpluses are also misleading. contained an article by the gentleman mittent operating mine locations during CY Much of our grain stocks are now owned and from Iowa, Mr. THoMAS TAUKE, concern­ 1979. held by farmers to keep a floor under grain ing the Mine Safety and Health Admin­ Because of the mobile nature of Alpha, prices and meet demand requirements. But istration

country, one of them, soon to be closed, at considered a minimal prerequisite for usable leave with you at this conference of out­ Indiana University. language competence. standing scholars of and from three major There are, including these eleven centers Only 8 percent of American colleges and world religions. some 25 colleges and universities in the en­ universities now require a foreign language It is the lesson that three men of deep tire country that offer Middle East studies for admission, compared with 34 percent in religious faith taught the world 15 months programs. Beyond these 25, three or four 1966. ago in meetings in the oa.toctin Mountains theological seminaries have Islamic pro­ There are an estimated 10,000 English of Maryland. grams but there is only one college in the speaking Japanese business representatives It is the lesson of Camp David-and the United States with a comprehensive "Mus­ on assignment in the United States. By con­ teachers were a Moslem, a Jew and a Ohris­ lim World" program-Ricker College in trast, there are fewer than 900 American tian-Anwar Sadat, Menachim Begin and Houlton, Maine. counterparts in Japan-and only a handful Jimmy Carter. The total number of students in Middle of these have a working knowledge of As a practicing and, I hope, extant, politi­ East centers and college programs through­ Japanese. cian, I am not, unaware that each of these out the United States is no more than 2,000. The figures I have cited come from the political leaders, because of his actions or Of the 25 colleges with Middle East pro­ so-called Perkins Report, the result of a inactions on one or another issue, foreign grams, most offer Ju~c rather than Islamic year-long study released in October by the or domestic, is a figure of considerable con­ studies and in the latter group, most courses President's Commission on Foreign Language troversy. deal with anthropology, social history or and International Studies. But what bound them all together at Camp literature; few with the Islamic religion. The Commission, under the chairmanship David was a common conviction that a dur­ Another leading scholar, at Harvard, re­ of James Perkins, former President of Cor­ able peace could be built between Egypt and minded me that Islamic studies cover a wide nell, conducted lengthy hearings and re­ Israel, and they laid the foundations for geographical area, including not only Iran ceived testimony from over a thousand per­ that peace. and the Arab states but the Ph111ppines and sons. The Commission's conclusion: "We are On issues that appeared to be irreconcil­ Indonesia, sub-Saharan Africa, Spain and profoundly alarmed by what we have found." able, these tJhree men showed that agree­ Turkey as well. He might have added the Beyond the statistical danger signs I have ments were possible. Soviet Union! already mentioned, the Commission found I take a lesson for our meeting here at Although, he said, there may be several other reasons for apprehension: Notre Dame from what they did at Camp hundred persons in Iranian studies in the Over 40 percent of 12th graders in a recent David. It is that the diversity of their reli­ United States today, those who could be survey, for example, were unable to place gious convictions did not impede their ef­ called "Persian specialists," knowledgeable Egypt correctly while over 20 percent of those forts. Anwar Sadat, Menachim Begin and in the language, history, culture and so­ students were equally ignorant about the Jimmy Carter were able to make progress ciety are, he said, "far, far smaller" in location of France or China. because all three were motivated by a com­ number. Only 5 percent of prospective teachers take mitment to certain values common to each Another Middle East scholar, from Colum­ even a single course relating to international of their religious traditions. bia University, bewailed the great scarcity affairs or foreign peoples and cultures as Only this week in Turkey, Pope John Paul of Iranian specialists at the Department of part of their professional preparation. II stressed the positive values of the teach­ State and asserted that from the time major Federally financed foreign language and ings of Islam and chief among them, he said, troubles in Iran began last year, it was area studies fellowships fell from a peak of was "the faith of Abraham in the only all­ "ages" before the State Department be­ 2557 in 1969 to 828 in 1978. powerful and merciful God". lieved that the religious dimension of the American participation in exchange pro­ Now I respectfully suggest to you that as Iranian situation was significant. grams is declining at a time when other we look to the issues that divide people Nor have we sumcient specialized knowl­ nations are expanding their efforts. A recent against people, nation against nation, Jew edge, he said, to deal with other potential GAO study found that, compared to both against Arab in the Middle East, we must, danger spots such as Turkey IWith the Kurds; allies and potential adversaries, American in the final analysis, if we are to contribute the Sudan and Somalia. investment in exchange programs is pro­ to the construction of an edifice of peace As I listened to these comments, I knew portionately the lowest of any of the coun­ in that region, be inspired by the theme of that I had heard it all before for my mind tries surveyed. which the Holy Father spoke in Ankara this returned to a time, nearly fifteen years ago, It was this rather sorry record that led week. when I had labored hard, as Chairman of the Perkins Commission to call for an in­ "Faith in God," he said, "which the spirit­ . a special Congressional Task Force, to write creased commitment to foreign language ual descendants of Abraham-Christians, into law what came to be known as the In­ studies and international education on the Moselms and Jews-profess, when it is lived ternational Education Act of 1966. part of the Federal government, state and sincerely· so that it penetrates life, is an as­ That law authorized Federal grants to col­ local governments and the private sector. sured foundation of the dignity, the brother­ leges and universities in the United States­ And it was this sarue record that led a hood and ~e freedom of men and a principle it was not a foreign aid b111-to support number of us in Congress-including of rectitude for moral conduct and life in studies and research at both the under­ Speaker O'Ne111-to write to President car­ society.... " graduate and graduate level in international ter and Secretary of State Vance urging that Let us then seek to know one another affairs. The funds could be used for either there be included in the President's budget better and to learn more about each other. area studies or to focus on specific issues, recommendations for Fiscal 1981 30 to 40 And let us above all respect one another, or combinations of both. m1llion dollars under Title VI of the National including respect for that which divides us, And a key thrust of the International Defense Education Act. This Title supports for we shall be moved by what is common Education Act, signed into law by President foreign language and area studies, fellow­ to the faiths of us all, whether we are fol­ Lyndon Johnson while flying over Thai­ ships, research, summer intensive language lowers of Jesus, Moses, or Muha.mmad.e courses and undergraduate and graduate land, was to enhance our knowledge and field programs. understanding of the non-western world. I remember still how the great Harvard In the current year, by way of contrast, Sinologist, John King Fairbank, once de­ we are investing only $14 million to support CONGRATULATIONS ON A clared that when the Vietnam war began, these activities. CHAMPIONSmP EFFORT there were no more than hal! a dozen senior Now President Carter has, quite rightly, scholars in the United States who knew the in my view, called on the American people language, culture, and history of the nation to respond to the crisis in Iran with in­ HON. RICHARD T. SCHULZE that became the locus of one of the great creased efforts at conservation of energy and OF PENNSYJ.VANIA has insisted that Congress pass a substan­ tragedies of American history. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And what became of the International tial tax on the windfall profits of the oil Education Act? industry. Wednesday, December 12, 1979 Even as we seek to make better use of For reasons pointless here to recount, Con­ e Mr. SCHULZE. Mr. Speaker, I would gress never appropriated one penny for it. our energy resources, so too must we Partly as a result of this failure, we have strengthen our resources of knowledge. like to congratulate the Great Valley seen in recent years a sad decline in inter­ The tragedy unfolding in Iran should spur High School girls field hockey team for national studies, including foreign lan­ us to invest substantially more in studying winning the State championship. guages, at American schools, colleges and those cultures and peoples of the rest of On November 17, by a score of 5 to 4, universities, and our Nation is the weaker this planet, especially of the non-Western Great Valley defeated North Lebanon for it. world, more particularly st111, the world of Islam. High at Shippensburg State College. The Listen to these facts: was So this is the first lesson I draw from. team undefeated in the regular sea­ Only 15 percent of American high school the religious currents that have shaped and son with an 11-0 record. Great Valley students now study a foreign language­ continue to shape the Middle East: We in compiled an 8-{) record during the cham­ down from 24 percent in 1965. the West must study harder and we must pionship round. Only 1 of 20 public high school students learn more about other peoples and other The team will be honored at a banquet studies French, German or Russian beyond cultures. on Thursday, December 13, at Mansion the second year; four years are generally But there is one more lesson that I would House by their families, friends, and fans. December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35709 A trophy will be presented to the team A brief review o! recent developments on proved access to secure domestic crude oil. for the State title. the energy front produces a. long list of what­ In addition, they wm also have access to a. Us and what-might-have-beens. wide variety o! foreign crudes. There are six All too often we overlook the accom­ What if OPEC hadn't guadrupled oll prices refineries with a capacity of about 975,000 plishments of our young people and dwell in 1974? barrels a. day, a major share of the U.S. total on their problems. Here is a good example What if the Alaskan oil had begun tlowing capacity. These refineries not only provide of what is good with the youth of Ameri­ to the lower 48 in 1972 instead of 1977? products to the Chicago area but also are ca, and I want to share it with my What if the U.S. Government were to stop major !actors in supplying consumers, agri­ colleagues. ignoring Alaska's great energy potential, cultural and industrial users in Michigan, The team members are: Laura Babish, estimated yesterday in Washington by Com­ Wisconsin, Indiana, Iowa, and Minnesota. a.s Jayne Cunningham, Joanne Ellbeck, Lisa monwealth North a.t 5 million barrels a day well. In short, they teed a complex produc­ Fritsche, Lynn Hayes, Anne Hopkins, of productive capacity? tion chain of goods and services which in What 1! Alaskan oil already was ava.Uable turn serves the U.S. and the world. Lese Jackman, Sue Lenker, Karen Norris, in the mid-continent market? Historically, these refineries have relied on Kim O'Brien, Beth Bergey, Mala Betten­ The answer to the last question is obvious. crude !rom tour source hausen, Liz Durst, Sue Munley, Becky There wouldn'fo be any mid-continent crude Canada.; Schmucker, Penny Sweatlock, and Lyn supply problem because o! the Iranian or Local production; Tomlinson, goalie. The team coach is Canadian cutoff. Production via. plpellne from Texas, Okla­ Rosmarie Gentile.• Which brings me to my discussion o! the homa., Wyoming, Kansas; and Northern Tier Pipellne and what it means to crude oil imports from the Gulf Coast via Chicago and to the U.S. pipeline. On top of our current energy problems we canadian crude export to the U.S. a.t one THE NORTHERN TIER PIPELINE are now !acing a. serious crude oil transporta­ time amounted to over one m1llion barrels tion crisis. Since 1973, we have been living per day. A significant portion of that export !rom crisis to crisis, the tuel shortage of '76 was refined in the Chicago area.. The Ca­ HON. RON MARLENEE and '77 being just one example. The hardest nadian crude export is now being phased 01' MONTANA hit were the northern tier and inland states, out-that is correct-phased out. I.t has been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES affecting major agricultural, Industrial and replaced to a. great extent by OPEC crudes population centers. through pipellnes !rom the Gulf Coast. Do­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 In the upper Midwest and the northern tier mestic crudes used by your refiners have also • Mr. MARLENEE. Mr. Speaker, re­ states there are 66 refineries, one-fourth the been declining in recent years, further . in­ cently the president of the Northern Tier nation's total serving 21 states including creasing dependence on foreign sources. Ill1nois. What has been lacking is an embargo­ Simply put, the Northern Tier Pipeline will Pipeline Co., Mr. Thomas Kryzer, spoke proof crude oil artery connecting existing re­ enable your refineries to have access to Alas­ before the Chicago Association of Com­ fineries and serving the maximum number of kan oil at a. savings of $1.85 a barrel over merce and Industry about the merits and refineries at the lowest possible cost. current dellvery systems, according to a. DOE Advantages to the Nation of the Northern With such a.n artery there would be greater study published this past July. Furthermore, 7ier Pipeline. I believe this pipeline will encouragement to develop new petroleum it would provide an alternate means of de­ be an asset and should be given final ap­ reserves. With such a. secure artery, no em­ Uvering foreign oil to this area, thereby pro­ proval by the President as soon as is pos­ bargo could immoblllze us. viding a competitive alternative and elimi­ sible. The Secretary of the Interior has Just as the delay in the Alaskan pipeline nating the shortfalls that are otherwise already recommended to the President cost the nation bllllons in balance o! pay­ bound to occur in the 1980s. ments, so has the delay in starting the North­ It has become abundantly clear that trans­ that it be built because of the overall ern Tier llne been costly. If it were In opera­ portation and resource development are in­ positive benefits it will give the United tion today, it could be pumping hundreds of terrelated. A resource, such as there is in States in helping to solve some of our thousands o! barrels o! Alaskan oil to the Alaska, no matter how much it is needed, has crude oil delivery problems. mid-continent. no !Value 1f It cannot reach the user. Indeed, I thought my colleagues would be in­ Some would even go as tar as to say that 1f it has no where to go, there is ample cause terested in Mr. Kryzer's comments which the nation's ina.b111ty to solve a. relatively tor not developing it in the first place. follow: simple transportation problem has the mark­ A study of Alaskan energy resources re­ ings o! a. national tragedy. leased yesterday in Washington by Common­ ADDRESS BY THOMAS C. KRYZER On the one hand, a. surplus of domestic wealth North, asserts that the lack of trans­ It is a. pleasure and an honor to address crude oil has built up on the West Coast, portation has prevented oil companies !rom your prestigious group today and to be in and on the other, there is developing a. seri­ pursuing more active dr1111ng programs. In Chicago where I received part o! my educa­ ous and growing shortage of crude in the a larger sense, insufficient access to markets tion and also where I spent my early years northern tier and inland states, created by in the inland U.S. has also played a role in in the energy industry. Canadian curtailments and decllning do­ discouraging greater exploration and produc- Your city and the region it dominates is mestic supplles. tion in Alaska. the nerve center of America's agricultural As a. result of delays, North Slope oil is The most rational long-term solution to and lndustrla.I heartland. It is also the cross­ being denied the opportunity to soften the the twin problems o! west Coast surplus and roads o! America. and this includes an en­ impacts o! Canadian curtailments. What if crude-short refineries o! the northern tier ergy transportation network tor coal, petro­ delays continue? What 1! North Slope crude and Midwest is the Northern Tier Pipeline. leum and electricity. is unable to find a home in U.S. markets, It has become almost impossible to build Linked together, they provide lifeblood to where will future Alaskan and offshore West a billion dollar energy project in this coun­ 1n the most productive economic system Coast production go? try. we at Northern Tier are prep~~ed to ac­ human history. The obvious answer to these questions is complish this "mission impossible but gov­ Events since the oll embargo six years ago the Northern Tier Plpellne, a. privately-fi­ ernment must act on a. time basis as well. have brought into sharp focus the relation­ nanced energy transportation system nearly we 1n the United States, must solve the ship between energy and the economy. They 1500 miles long, transoorting up to 900,000 energy problem ourselves. We cannot look to have spotllghted just how !raglle and vul­ barrels a. day eastward in a.n underground Canada., Mexico, or any other count;y tor nerable the systems are that produce and pipeline !rom Port Angeles, Washington, to the solution. As the saying goes, 1! you re not transport energy !or the economy. These a.re Clearbrook, Minnesota. The llne will pass part of the solution, you're part o! the prob- the very issues !acing this nation today through the states o! Washington, Tda.ho, lem. which affect all o! us-lntla.tion, productivity, Montana., North Dakota., and Minnesota. Thank you.e jobs, balance o! payments, value of the U.S. When the llne begins operation in 1982, dollar, as well as our basic national security. it wlll stand as the first rna jor grass roots In retrospect, the embargo wa.s a. modern energy project to be launched in many years HOSTAGE IN TEHRAN Pearl Harbor 1n energy terms. There have and will provide jobs and tax revenue as been rude, sudden shocks since then, and well as energy supplies to states and re­ there will be others unless we develop the gions which it serves. It will permit the HON. RAY ·KoGOVSE'K national will and the appropriate policies to U.S. to dlstrl'bute Alaskan oil with greater OF COLORADO protect ourselves against what economists economy and equity and provide new in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES term exogenous forces. centives for exoloration in Alaska and in At times I fear we are becoming a. nation of California. where several hundred thousand Wednesday, December 12, 1979 critics, unable to act in order to free our­ barrels a. day are shut in. KOGOVSEK. Mr. Speaker, a selves from the chains o! OPEC, to protect The pipeline has soecial significance !or e Mr. ourselves from events 12,000 miles away. Re­ Chicago and this region !or the following young man from my district,. and .home­ call with me the words of the poet Whittier, reasons: town, has found himself m ctrc~­ ''For all sad words o! tongue or pen, the sad­ Chicago area. refineries will be assured stances so strenuous as to be unimaglil­ dest are these, It might have been." greater energy security by providing 1m- 'able to me. He is a hostage in Tehran. In 35710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979 recent days his captors have thrust him field hearings, that the American pub­ arts museum and living workshop for stu­ before the media with the entire world lic is demanding that Congress do all in dents of the arts, seems a. most fitting memo­ as spectators-a most difficult situation its powers to reduce the heavY burden of rial to this outstanding couple. Sa.ra.h's par­ even for the most experienced of Foreign paperwork currently being placed on ticular interest in the preservation of our local heritage a.nd John's interest in ex­ Service officers. My constitutent is 19 them. This bill represents a strong posi­ panded educational opportunities for the years old. tive movement toward a reduction, and young are here combined. And a. further I wish to commend Marine Cpl. Billy in some cases an elimination, of reports bonus !or us all is the renovation of this Gallegos for his maturity and courage, that have been mandated by the Con­ beautiful home, which we a.re hoping will and for his unswerving loyalty and devo­ gress, but are simply no longer needed soon be designated as a.n historic land­ tion to his country, duty, and the corps. in their present form. This bill leaves mark. May God be with him and his family intact those reports that are still of es­ Without many of us realizing it, our area., throughout this ordeal.e sential value in their present form. our region is fast becoming wealthy with I urge my colleagues to take a hard cultural, artistic and educational oppor­ tunities. 0! course, when we remember that look at this measure, and seriously con­ our state offered the colonies the first public sider supporting this legislation.• museum, and the first free library, and the THE CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS first operatic performance on American soU, ELIMINATION ACT OF 1979 we recognize that we a.re bearing a. strong tradition. McSWAIN DEDICATION And we recognize also that this bounty HON. DONALD JOSEPH ALBOSTA is coming to us through the efforts of some OF MICHIGAN HON. CARROLL A. CAMPBELL, JR. very hard-working people. I'd like to take IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a. moment here to offer on behalf of the OF SOUTH CAROLIN A community our appreciation to the daugh­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATTVES ters of Congressman a.nd Mrs. McSwain, Sarah and Janie, a.nd to Lantz Caldwell, the • Mr. ALBOSTA. Mr. Speaker, on No­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 moving force behind this occasion, the mem­ vember 12, 1979, the Subcommittee on bers of the Silver Eye Endowment, the fac­ Investigations of the House Post Office • Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. Speaker, recent­ ulty a.t Greenville Technical College and to and Civil Service Committee held field ly it was my privilege to dedicate the a.ll the others who have contributed time or hearings in the lOth Congressional Dis­ stately and lovely home af the laite Con­ funds toward this dedication. trict in Michigan. I asked Chairman gressman and Mrs. John Jackson Mc­ Carl Sandburg once wrote that when a. JAMES HANLEY to call these hearings in Swain as a visual ~center and mu­ society perishes, one condition can always my district to investigate the problems seum. John McSwain was the chairman be found: they forgot where they came from. that are caused by excessive paperwork of the House Military A1Iairs Committee and served in this body from 1921 until We a.re most fortunate to have so many requirements by the Federal Govern­ who will help us to remember.e ment. We held 3 hearings on that his death in 1936. He was a statesman day, and took testimony from 40 wit­ and a scholar, and the interest he and nesses from many different backgrounds. his wife Sarah shared in the commemo­ The message from my constituents was ration of our history and the education NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCA­ clear on this subject that they have had of our young people will be perpetuated TION EXTENSION enough paperwork requirements from in their restored home. The dedicaltion the Federal Government, and that Con­ address follows: HON. PAUL SIMON gress and the bureaucracy must work to ADDRESS BY HoN. CARROLL A. CAMPBELL reduce and eliminate this burden. In a m.emortal tribute to Congressman OF ILLINOIS A fact was generally accepted that John Jacksoln McSwain, one of his colleagues IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many of the paperwork requirements are who had a.n office a.long the same corridor, Wednesday, December 12, '1979 the product of regulations issued by the said: "After we had formed a.n a.cqua.inta.nce, I shall never forget his unfa.illng greeting: • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, I am today various agencies but are not necessarily 'How is my good friend today?' And when we introducing legislation intended to ex­ mandated in the legislation that passed would have time to have a brief conversation, tend the authorization of appropriations Congress. I have thus concluded, as have on departing he would always sa.y, 'If there for the National Institute of Education many of my colleagues, that more con­ is ever a.nything I ca.n do to help you, just (NJE) through fiscal year 1985. Joining gressional oversight is needed to insure let me know.'" me as cosponsors of the measure are our that the intent of Congress is met by the That's the kind of ma.n John McSwain wa.s. As James Byrnes sa.id, "People loved him be­ distinguished colleagues Mr. PERKINS, bureaucracy. Mr. BRADEMAS, Mr. HAWKINS, Mr. SrACK, Upon further study of this paperwork cause he loved people." As a. successor to the congressiOIIl&l seat Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. FORD of Michigan, Mr. problem, it became evident that Con­ John McSwain once held, it is a. special priv­ BUCHANAN, and Mr. JEFFORDS. gress, through the years, is also guilty ilege for me today to have the opportunity My colleagues will recall that the NIE of placing a paperwork burden on the to dedicate the McSwa.in home. John Mc­ American public. It may not appear so was created by the 92d Congress through Swain left some big footprints. He wa.s a. the efforts of our distinguished majority directly, but when Congress requires a scholar, a. teacher, a. lawyer, a. soldier, a.nd statesman, as well a.s a devoted husband and whip, the gentleman from Indiana

TITLES IX AND XI: FOOD PRICE REVIEW BOARD/ deep geologic storage. High-level nuclear Were something to go wrong after such UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES wastes are the thermally hot products of emplacement, officials would be forced to These two titles of the FFDA would do the the fission process of nuclear reactors, choose between a tremendously expen­ following: ( 1) Set up a Food Price Review and include products of our weapons de­ sive and hazardous operation to retrieve Board housed in USDA, which would have oversight authority over increases in food velopment programs. Other wastes, the material, or the risky alternative of prices. Board would represent the interests called transuranic waste, are not as leaving the waste underground in less of farmers, consumers, the food industry and hot as high-level materials, but may be than optimum or inadequate circum­ federal agencies. This Board would conduct of similar toxicity, and are similarly stances. In either case, the site would hearings to investigate causes of food price long lived. Spent nuclear reactor fuel probably be eliminated from our small increases. It would also have the authority contains high-level and transuranic bank of candidates for full-scale, long­ to recommend to the President that he roll waste. term operation. back food prices if increases are found to be Current law requires that the NRC li­ While continuing a policy of nuclear unwarranted; (2) Require that the USDA publish regularly for all major food com­ cense facilities for permanent disposal development, the Government has re­ modities a. comparison of consumer retail. of high-level wastes produced by our peatedly made a commitment to insure prices and prices received by farmers for commercial and defense activities, but that the toxic wastes are removed from those commodities on a unit price basis. This does not address the similar hazards of the biosphere in a manner that protect.s information would be posted in all retail food the transuranic element.s. The Presi­ our citizens and future generations. The stores under regulations to be established dent's Interagency Review Group on Nu­ amendments I propose today will provide by the USDA. clear Waste Management, and the Nu­ statutory adjustments necessary for TITLE X: LEGAL SERVICES TO FARMERS AND clear Regulatory Commission, have rec­ careful planning and implementation of RURAL PEOPLE ommended that facilities for the perma­ our waste-management policy.e The Family Farm Development Act would nent storage of defense transuranic increase the funding to the Legal Services wastes be brought under NRC's licensing Corporation by $30 million to provide legal services to rural people, with ·an emphasis authority. The Department of Energy on farmers, particularly for problems related has specifically supported this recom­ THE HOUSE POSITION ON to the ownership and operation of farms. $1 mendation. ABORTION million of these funds will fund research and Current law does not distinguish be­ dissemination of that research on legal/ad­ tween spent nuclear fuel and high-level ministrative issues related to the ownership waste. Although the Nuclear Regulatory HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN and operation of farms. Legal Services Cor­ Commission has interpreted its authority OF CALIFORNIA poration will be required to publish a report to license facilities for high-level waste IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES each year documenting its services and pro­ grams to farmers and rural people.e disposal to encompass disposal of spent Wednesday, December 12, 1979 fuel, due to the radioactive content of the fuel, the Commission and other e Mr. IX>RNAN. Mr. Speaker, I will be groups have requested that the law be brief. A young couple from Virginia Beach has written me a truly inspiring INTRODUCTION OF NUCLEAR clarified to distinguish spent fuel from WASTE LICENSING AMENDMENTS high-level waste and to clarify that spent letter concerning a little child of theirs fuel disposal be subject to license. who died shortly after 'birth as a result of anencephalia. Unlike the couple HON. MORRIS K. UDALL My amendments to the Energy Reor­ described in a Judy Mann article 'being ganization Act would provide clear circulated even now in the Senate in OF ARIZONA licensing authority for spent nuclear fuel IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an attempt to promote a:bortion on and transuranic waste disposal. In addi­ demand in the military with taxpayer's Wednesday, December 12, 1979 tion, the amendments would clarify that money, Joel and Nancy Mandelkorn act to insure that prospective sites for e Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ wanted their baby to live, even if briefly. troducing legislation to include a new high-level waste repositories are not en­ 'I urge my colleagues in the House and category of nuclear waste under the Nu­ dangered by activities carried on with­ Senate, who might be tempted to abolish clear Regulatory Commission's licensing out the benefit of health and safety the House pro-life position, to read the reviews. authority and to clarify the Commis­ loving thoughts this young couple shared sion's authority to license high-level This amendment has been drafted to with me. waste disposal facilities. These steps are insure that the Department of Energy The letter follows: necessary to provide for thorough health can continue to explore regulatory sites VmGINIA BEACH, VA., and safety review of repositories for nu­ and conduct research and development November 30, 1979. clear wastes which will remain hazard­ activities to develop the tremendous Hon. RoBERT K. DoRNAN, ous for hundreds of thousands of years. amounts of information required before Cannon Building, The administration and the Congress the licensing process should come into Washington, D.C. play. It would not promote the speedy DEAR CONGRESSMAN DoRNAN: My wife and are at last addressing the need for a I write you in regards to an issue we feel is coherent and reliable plan for the de­ and competent development of waste re­ very important to our nation's future. It is velopment of facilities for the permanent positories to engage the Department in the issue of abortion. In particular we have disposal of high-level nuclear wastes. licensing issues prior to thorough site been prov·oked to seek your &id 1n voicing The best near-term solution for the nu­ exploration. It might be necessary to our testimony because of an article we read clear waste disposal problem is burial of actually place quantities of waste in in the Navy Times magazine d·ated septem­ the material in very deep geologic struc­ some rock to gather data on the effects. ber 3, 1979. This article reports the testi­ mony of a. Mr. a.nd Mrs. Denny Edwards who tures. It has become clear that finding The objective of the amendment is to presented 'their opinion before the House appropriate geologic sites for this pur­ insure that any geologic repository site Defense Appropriations Subcommittee. The pose will be one of our toughest chal­ which ultimately could be used for per­ Edwards' went through the heartbreaking lenges. Each prospective site we find, manent disposal would be protected by experience of having an anencephalic child. therefore, will be an extremely impor­ independent safety review before major We too had an anencephalic child. But in tant natural resource to be carefully ex­ construction activities begin. the light of our own experience it becomes plored and developed. According to the It is also important to clarify that due clear that the Edwards' went through a Nuclear Regulatory Commission, a rare different trauma that has left them bitter to the irreversible effects which place­ and burdened with a terrible grudge. prospective site could be ruined by in­ ment of substantial quantities of waste After considering their report a.nd look­ advertent exploratory mistakes. It is es­ would have on a geologic site, such place­ ing 8lt our own experience, we feel that their sential, according to the Commission, ment cannot be considered merely are­ decision and attempt to abort their ohlld that the Department of Energy begin to search and development activity. Any is the difference that resulted in such a work within the licensing process early emplacement of substantial quantities of negative and bitter outcome to their case. in the site development stage to insure long-lived hazardous waste in a pro­ And because our country's present ·legal the safety of the facility and the integ­ status has turned people to elect murder, spective permanent storage site must be rather than life, as a solution-one which rity of the host rock. accomplished within the licensing proc- nat only faUs, but actually crea.tes m.ore Three prtncipal kinds of nuclear ma­ ess, in order to protect both the site complex problems-we ask your help. We terials have been determined to require and the health and safety of the public. hope that our story will be 'helpful to our December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35713 country's 18/W-makers, that it might give no other employee of any Buckeye Plant they could have described Mason Wil­ insight BID.d perspective and tha.t they would in the United States had served longer­ liams better.e do all within t:heir power to promote right living through the laws of our la.nd and nor might I add, with more distinction. discourage abOrtion in whatever ways that His job with Buckeye at the time of his they can. retirement was to manage and imple­ NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY (My wife writes--stlll with tears as she ment recruitment of engineers for all remembers) "It wasn't until late in preg­ Buckeye plants in the Nation. Prior to nancy, the eighth month, when we were the creation of that position, he was HON. LEE H. HAMILTON told that our child would die at birth. It's employed in manaufacturing production. OF INDIANA difficult to describe the grief we experienced. A native of Madison, Ga., Mason spent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We were heartbroken. Every time the baby most of his boyhood in nearby Monroe, moved my heart would ache, and I cried Wednesday, December 12, 1979 a lot. But during that last week before the Ga. He graduated from Georgia Tech birth, I grew to love the baby even more. University in Atlanta with a degree in • Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would Knowing that I wouldn't be able to love and chemical engineering. As soon as here­ like to insert my Washington Report for care for my child made me cherish our re­ ceived his diploma he went to work for Wednesday, December 12, 1979, into maining time together. We felt sorry for Buckeye. His first job was at the Au­ the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: ourselves, but more for the baby. We were gusta, Ga. division, and over the years NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY sad that its life would be over so quickly. he has been based in Fort Worth, Tex., The possib111ty of abortion never entered Many Ninth District residents have won­ our minds. On August 14, 1975, after a mild Memphis, Tenn., and Perry, Fla. dered why Congress and the President have and easy labor, and a natural delivery, our Mason and his wife, Ida, were married had such difficulty developing a national daughter was born. We named her 'Precious'. in Washington, Ga., in 1943. They are energy policy. I must agree that the govern­ She was a beautiful little girl, only her the proud parents of four daughters and ment has wrestled with the task far too long. skull-bone was missing. We had her brought two sons, all of whom grew up in Perry. There are several reasons, if not excuses, to us for a short time. We told her of our A member of the First Presbyterian for the lack of bold action. To begin, some love as we held her close, untll the time confusion exists as to whether there is an Church of Perry for 22 years, Mason has energy problem and, if so, whether the prob· came to say good-bye. She died a half hour taught a Sunday school class and sung later. My husband cried himself to sleep lem is one of scarcity or high cost. Second, at my bedside. This heartbreak caused us in the choir since first joining the church. there is great uncertainty about the impact to pull together as never before. Our mem­ One of his accomplishments which I of the alternative energy policies that might ories of her are truly precious." most appreciate was his service as the be implemented. Third, the energy problem is quite complex, with important and inter­ All through Ufe each of us encounters chairman of the first Pine Tree Festival related economic, social, political, environ­ difilculties, tragedies, and various hardships. Queen Pageant in 1957 and the following It is how we face them and deal with them mental, and national security aspects. Some year he served as chairman of the people are chiefly concerned about the effect that is important. These very trials are what festival. bulld character, teach us compassion and of rising prices on oil company profits and add depth to the lives we lead. For those of you who do not know, the budgets of low-income families. Others Anencephalia is detected late in pregnancy. Taylor County is the "tree capital of the think that higher prices will encourage more Abortion will not erase the trauma. experi­ World," and this festival honoring for­ conservation and production of energy. Still enced by the parents once they've discovered estry and all aspects of the timber in­ others worry about damage to the environ­ ment and bad consequences for the health that their baby w111 die at birth. We believe dustry is nationally and internationally of the population. Finally, some people place that abortion would only add to the trauma. known. Late abortions not only subject the baby primary emphasis on energy independence Always active in civic affairs, he has and national security. When these difficulties to an agonizing death, but can result in served as president of the PTA, served serious physical complications for the arise in the absence of a consensus on energy mother as well. When a couple finds that as chairman of the March of Dimes and in the country, it is small wonder that Con­ their child is dying with leukemia. or some Red Cross drives, president of the Rotary gress and the President have been so re­ other fatal disease they don't seek to kill Club, Girl Scout finance chairman and strained. In analyzing the energy problem, it may their child as soon as possible simply to Boy Scout master. help to recognize that there are two basic alleviate their own anguish. They let the And on a very personal note, I first dimensions: the short-term, which involves chlld die naturally and make his death as met Mason through his brother-in-law, meeting the threat of an abrupt curtailment comfortable as possible. Likewise, shouldn't former Congressman Robert Stephens of in the supply of oil, and the long-term, which we allow an anencephalic child to die nat­ Georgia. Bob wanted me to meet his sis­ urally and make his death a.s comfortable involves adjustment to the high cost of as possible? ter and "in-law" and it was a great day energy. In developing energy policy, it is not easy to choose between short- and long-term The practice of medicine should not be for me that he did. Ida and Mason Wil­ liams are among my closest friends, and objectives. What may be best this year may above the law. Right and wrong should not only make things worse in 1990, and vice be abandoned to the discretion of each in­ this lovely lady made all of those things versa. dividual. We urge you as a Member of con­ he did worthwhile. Several policies would 1be useful in dealing gress to stand up for that which is right His third child, Martha, served on my with an abrupt interruption in oil supply and incorporate it into the laws of our land. congressional staff for 7% years and just resulting from such natural or intentionaJ Please remember that these babies aren't left to take a position as manager of the events as an earthquake or an embargo. The monsters--only poor, tiny, misfortunate human beings. All life is precious. Savannah district office of Senator policies include an oil stockpile, a. rationing HERMAN TALMADGE. It is the Senator's plan, and an international scheme to share Thank you. supplies. The government ha.s already Sincerely, gain and our loss. . His oldest child, Lucy, is married and planned a strategic petroleum reserve of one JOEL and NANCY MANI>ELKORN .• billion barrels, but only 94 million barrels are has three children; while the second, in the reserve so far and new purchases have Kate, is married and has two children. been suspended due to tight supplies and The third, Jane, is married and all three high prices. A stand-by gasoline rationing MASON WILLIAMS A SOLID CITIZEN families live in Georgia. plan, however, has been approved, and an A son, John Mason III, is a first-year international oil-sharing mechanism is in law student at the University of Florida, existence. The United States and 17 other HON. DON FUQUA and the youngest, Robert, is a senior at nations are committed to joint action to OF FLORIDA Taylor County High School. combat any supply shortfall in excess of 7 percent. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Upon retirement, Mason plans to do a The long-term problem, the more serious of Wednesday, December 12, 1979 lot of fishing and hunting, play some the two, is not the scarcity of energy. No one golf and tennis, might even do some trav­ believes that the United States or any other • Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, Decem­ eling. It wi'll be pretty difficult to slow country is going to run out of energy. The ber 5 ~arked both the 65th birthday and down someone as active as he has been. basic question is how to handle the high cost the re~Irement of John Mason Williams of energy, and the basic answer is to increase My mind goes back to a newspaper ar­ production of energy while limiting its con­ J~. !~om his position with the Buckey~ ticle which referred to Mason as "Mr. Division of Proctor and Gamble at Perry sumption. The conventional way of achieving Fla. ' Solid Citizen of Taylor County." As a such results in our economy is the use of company official, as a father and grand­ price as an allocator, but oil price has been With 44 ~ears of service, 22 of which father, as a husband, as someone inter­ controlled and the most vigorous of all the were spent m Perry and Taylor County, ested in his fellow man, there is no way debates on energy has centered on the pos- CXXV--2245-Pa.rt 27 35714 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979 sib111ty of decontrol. The contestants in the which would be constructed, making of self sustaining community farm villages debate are those who would let prices, profits, land which is now relatively unproduc­ on the millions of acres of unproductive .and and the free market operate and those who tive productive once again. wornout land that now blankets several mid­ fear the shortcomings of the free market and western and southern states. would prefer the government to take a role As I see his plan it has some advan­ Plentiful rainfall, long growing season, as overseer. The proponents of decontrol have tages and some disadvantages, but the abundant transportation, plenty of streams argued that higher prices will bring more idea is worth exploring. We have Fed­ for w:ater and the amazing manner in which conservation, more production, and a rapid eral funds to acsist in building commu­ this clay land responds to fertilization, shift to alt ernative sources of energy. The nities which are largely for middle- and makes this area capable of providing new opponents of decontrol have maintained that upper-income Americans, like Reston, homes and a livelihood for millions now in higher prices would not have these results, Va. Why not create a small village in a ghettos and on welfare. One has only to study but instead would be both inflationary and first hand, as I have done, the great success inequit able. The choice, of course, is not rural setting for those who are the poor, Israel is having with its community villages, necessarily between the opposing views of who need that help the most? to realize what potential this plan has. the proponents and opponents of decontrol. The advantages of the plan would ap­ Think what a blessing to the multitude of A policy combining market incentives with pear to be: youngsters in ghettos to have such an op­ government action could be adopted. In First. It offers some in urban settings portunity to live in lovely little homes in fact, it is becoming clear that the nation is who would like to be in a rural area the beautiful surroundings .and a future ahead gradually moving toward a combined policy. chance to go to, or return to, a rural of them instead of the bleak outlook on life There will probably be oil price decontrol they now have. And oh, what a relief to the accompanied, as a matter of equity, by addi­ setting. taxpayers! tional taxes on oil companies. Second. It can be a source for on-the­ The Dixon Springs (Illinois} Agricultural The degree of government support for syn­ job training for both construction skills Experimental Station has worked out the thetic fuels and other non-conventional and agricultural skills. knowhow to make these cla..y hillsides highly sources of energy has been e. matter of in­ Third. It ultimately provides some re­ productive. One has only to look at the fam­ terest as well. Government participation in lief to the taxpayers, as well as hope to ily gardens throughout the area to realize basic research and development has been those on welfare. its great possibilities. Station is operated by widely accepted, but government backing of Fourth. It will increase food produc­ University of Illinois. demonstration and commercialization has Here is how it would work: Blocks of land been controversial. Although it is said that tion in a world in which we will be need­ ranging from several hundred acres, to a few sufficient private investment will be forth­ ing all of it we can get. thousand, depending upon location, would be coming as energy prices rise, energy policy The disadvantages-the areas where secured. House trailers, completely equipped, is apparently moving toward go·vernment some work will have to go into careful would be moved to the site. They would backing of demonstration and commercial­ planning-include: number, perhaps thirty, fifty or more at ization on the grounds that national se­ First. It should not simply be a con­ each village site. Selected families on wel­ curity and the high cost of developing syn­ centration of the poor, a rural ghetto fare rolls would be moved into them. These thetic fuels and other non-conventional people would leave their old clothes and sources of energy require it. Yet another which replaces an urban ghetto. We furniture behind and move into a new sur­ matter of interest has been the issue of oil have learned the hard way that eco­ rounding. Workers in the families would import quotas. President Carter has stated nomic segregation is as much a blight on then begin constructing new homes, bull­ that the United States will never again im­ the Nation as is racial segregation. dozing dO'Wtl the bushes, filling gullies, seed­ port more oil than was imported in 1977. The plan should include some mixtures ing the fie,lds and on and on. As the new Quotas can cut consumption without a of economic status. My guess, for ex­ homes in the landscaped villages are com­ doubt, but they can also cause shortages ample, is that there-might well be some plf'ted, families would move into them, and and price increases. I see Congress as skepti­ retired citizens who would enjoy living the trailers moved on to the new sites to be cal of the President's proposal on quotas, but used again and again. As workers become Congress may go along if it can share re­ in such a community and working only proficient they would go to new locations as sponsibility for administration of the quotas. part-time. supervisors, electricians, plumbers, carpen­ I remain optimistic that the United States Second. We must recognize that many ters, etc. This will be an incentive to them. will make the necessary adjustments to of those who are on welfare are there Acres and acres of fish ponds would fur­ changing conditions in the area of energy. because they have very marginal abili­ nish the protein our country so badly needs. Just as this nation has negotiated the transi­ ties and their managerial abilities may Hillsides would be covered with the new tion from agriculture to industry to the post­ be limited. Not everyone can learn to solar-heated hothouses for raising fresh industrial society, so it can negotiate the water shrimp and prawns by the new method transition from present patterns of energy be a carpenter or a welder or a fanner. recently discovered. Also winter flowers for use to higher energy costs and new energy There would have to be a careful screen­ northern markets. Great herds of cattle sources. I am not saying that the transition ing process. would graze across the rolling hills. Heavy will be easy-for all, and for some more than Third. Before there could be any mas­ land reclamation machinery would be moved others, it will be painful-but we should sive movement into something like this from one location to the next. These possi­ never doubt that we will eventually succeed there should be experimentation with bilities go on and on as one lets the dmagi­ in making it. two or three different small villages at nation go. Small industries in villages. (NOTE.-Data for this newsletter are wawn different locations in the United States, How to finance the villages until they are from a report of the Congressional Research on a pay-as-you-go basis: Service.) e using differing techniques, so that we A massive fund would be created by im­ can learn what works and what does posing a windfall profits tax on gasoline and not work. oil products. The public could be protected WAYMAN PRESLEY OFFERS FRESH But Wayman Presley-once again­ by a prdce limit on gasoline. IDEAS TO NATION has come up with an idea which ought During the next five years this could to be explored. amount to a hundred billion dollars or even more. This amount would establish more I commend Mr. Presley's letter to the than a million families in new homes and HON. PAUL SIMON attention of my colleagues at this point. with new jobs to enable them to pay for OF ll.LINOIS The letter follows: their homes. This money could then go into IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MAKANDA, ILL., November 27, 1979. a revolving fund and be added to new money Senator TED KENNEDY, coming from the gasoline tax. Wednesday, December 12, 1979 Senate Office Building, Let's say a family is now receiving a • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, one of the Washington, D.C. monthly check for $500.00. No expectation most creative persons in my district­ DEAR SENATOR KENNEDY: The purpose Of of it ever being paid back. Just a gift. When this letter is to propose a plan that wm, if this family moves into one of these village and in this Nation-is a retired rural instituted on a massive scale, provide an eco­ homes, it would still receive a monthly check mail carrier, Wayman Presley, who is nomic boost for our country, give welfare for the same amount but now it will be paid responsible for constructing the largest recipients a meaningful control over their out of the fund as a loan to be repaid when cross in the United States and who built own lives; and through a reduction of the the project is on a paying basis. The U.S. a multimillion dollar travel business in welfare rolls, provide relief from soaring in­ Government would have a mortgage on the the most unlikely of places, the commu­ flation. homes and land until the loan was entirely nity of Makanda in southem Tilinois, a I am sending copies of tlhis letter to other repaid. No way for the Government to lose candidates for President, with the hope that because the land would be increasing in town of less than 1,000 population. one of you will see fit to include it in your value as it is improved. Recently he sent Senator KENNEDY a platform. This plan has great popular ap­ No minimum wage involved here. The vil­ letter outlining a plan to bring those who peal. lagers would all be working for themselves. are on welfare to small rural villages The plan 1s simply this: create hundreds After receiving a living wage from the fund December 12·, 19 79 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35715 as they go along, the profits from the entire agement priorities and continuing edu­ in Chile, which will employ 2,000 work­ operation would be divided between them cation courses. ers. at the end of the year according to how Development of an experimental pro­ The tragedy is that the workers in many hours they worked. No share alike in these plants have the skills, experience, this plan. gram to involve physicians in hospital Each village would have recreational fa­ cost containment decisions. This project, and the will to keep producing the prod­ cilities. Each family would be required to undertaken at a New Jersey hospital, has ucts America and the world need. The keep their homes in good shape and apply resulted in specific policy and adminis­ factories they operate are all basically themselves to the welfare of the entire oper­ trative changes; the process has poten­ sound, although a good many have been ation or be moved back to their ghetto tial for adaptation to other hospital set­ made inefficient by the corporations' de­ homes. tings. cisions to forgo modernization. Yet the This is a plan that will benefit our na­ workers-their families and communi­ tional economy, the local economies of sur­ Development and assessment of alter­ rounding communities, the welfare recipi­ native models for organization of blood ties-who are least responsible for these ents who are an enormous drain on our na­ bank facilities. This research, focusing plant closings, are the ones who will tional budget, and the candidate who pre­ on Chicago area facilities, has resulted in suffer the most. sents this plan to the American people. a new understanding of implications of These factories are being shut down You can reach me at the above address alternative arrangements; policy recom­ simply because their owners have de­ for additional information. mendations are currently under study by cided they no longer need, or can derive Cordially, lllinois area legislators and planners. big enough profits from, their continued WAYMAN PRESLEY•• Development and evaluation of ex­ operation. The owners conveniently la­ perimental program to identify incen­ bel these factories "obsolete," contrary THE NATIONAL HEALTH CARE tives to avoid unnecessary utilization of to all experience that shows even the old­ MANAGEMENT CENTER laboratory procedures by physicians. est factories can be kept efficient when This effort has identified reasons for un­ decisions are made to invest in their necessary use of tests and is providing modernization. Neither the workers or HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN guidelines and methods for institutions communities affected, nor the Federal OF NEW JERSEY to change physician behavior. Government, ever have sufficient infor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Development and sponsorship of inno­ mation with which to judge the facts in each situation, or the ability to reverse Wednesday, December 12, 1979 vative education programs for practicing health professionals on critical aspects the corporate decisions once they are • Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, under of management, administrative and de­ made. Public Laws 93-363 and 94-460, the Na­ cisionmaking. Approximately 15 pro­ Are we to write off entire regions of the tional Center for Health Services Re­ grams are offered annually with a total country because there is no planning search established research centers enrollment of 500. mechanism in place that anticipates eco­ across the Nation for the purposes of nomic shocks, competitive pressures from undertaking research on rvarious aspects Provision of a large volume of tech­ abroad, or the unavailability of capital of the health system. The intent of the nical assistance to organizations across to modernize older plants? Can we afford 1975 legislation authorizing these cen­ the country concerning management any longer to apply the haphazard, ters was to provide a 5-year funding related problems. piecemeal approach, typically used by base for each center. In progress or in planning are anum­ economic policymakers in the executive I would like to share with my col­ ber of research projects focusing on im­ and the Congress, of putting out one eco­ leagues some of the marvelous programs provement in health planning methods, nomic fire after another, without ever of the National Health Care Manage­ cost containment strategies, experi­ addressing the larger issues of run a way ment Center at the University of Penn­ ments in vertical integration or services, capital, industrial decline, and massive sylvania. This center, designated in late and other areas. unemployment? 1976 is now in its 3d year of funding. In I believe that this Center, and others The United States, alone among indus­ this time, the NHCMC has shown itself like it are providing needed programs to trialized countries, lacks even the most to be a major regional and national re­ promote cost containment and better rudimentary mechanisms for anticipat­ source, and has made significant accom­ management in the health care field. I ing economic shocks and shaping eco­ plishments in addressing problems faced would hope that each Member of Con­ nomic changes. Japan's Government and in the health field. Indeed, many hos­ gress would investigate this marvelous financial sector are intimately involved pitals, institutions, organizations and program in their own areas and become in the investment and production deci­ health care providers in my own State fully aware of the contributions these sions of its industries. Germany's large of New Jersey have benefited directly fine Centers are making across the firms all have worker representatives on from the work of the center. Nation.• the boards of directors. France has ana­ Following are some specific areas of tional economic planning agency. Be­ accomplishment that are illustrative of sides their far more humane and liberal the contribution of the National Health ALPERO~ AND FAUX ON THE programs of social insurance, each of Care Management Center: STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS OF THE these nations has the wherewithal to an­ Development of a plan for corporate AMERICAN ECONOMY ticipate and deal with economic shocks monitoring of cost and utilization of and dislocations. hospital services of employees and their HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. Clearly, a new direction of labor, dependents. This effort, undertaken with OF MICHIGAN management, and public cooperation is the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES needed in the United States to revive in­ and 30 Philadelphia area employers, has dustry and protect the industrial centers been instrumental in developing a fun­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 of the Nation. A key to this cooperation damental means by which corporations e Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, Chrys­ is to create a framework of checks and can monitor health costs. The monitor­ ler, Uniroyal, Excello, Parke-Davis­ balances, corporate and public, that pro­ ing is leading to a better understanding these are some of the major corporations tects industry's operational control, yet of the causes of costs and means for that already have announced plant clos­ makes it accountable to the public inter­ their rational control. ings in the Detroit area. Few industrial est. One possible approach is a compact Development and administration of a centers in the Nation have been spared among the three parties: corporations management audit tool for home health this phenomenon. Ohio and Pennsyl­ would be responsible for prenotifying agencies for use in assessment of man­ vania will be extremely hard hit by the workers and communities of their plans agement practices, financial control and recently announced shutdown of 15 steel to modify or eliminate facilities, which problem analysis. This effort, under­ plants by United States Steel. Southern would be subject to public review. Em­ taken in cooperation with home health California's tire industry is being deci­ ployees would have a significant voice agencies in New Jersey, has resulted in mated by the shutdown of Uniroyal, Fire­ in corporate operations, including repre­ an audit tool that can be self-adminis­ stone, and Goodyear plants, some of sentation on boards of directors as well tered by agencies, data that can be used which will be relocated abroad--Good­ as equity. Company decisions on invest­ to compare agencies, and a set of man- year is building a $34 million tire plant ments, productivity, distribution of in- 35716 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979 come would be jointly made. Govern­ agement blaming unions for inefficient work torlal and the line between news and ment would be responsible for oversee­ rules, and both blaming the Government for opinion have both grown fuzzy. ing balanced growth across the country its environmental regulations. Neither man­ "Fuzzy" is the term used by a good agement nor labor has covered itself with and of expanding energy supplies and glory in this sterile debate. The central ques­ friend of mine, Millard Browne, editorial allocating scarce energy, if need be. Seri­ tion is how to ra.ise productivity. Again, the page editor of the Buffalo Evening News, ous programs for conversion and worker performance of the entire economy is crucial. to describe the line that ought to sepa­ retraining would exist. The maximum incentive for management to rate straight news stories and analytic The alternative to a new direction in invest in more-efficient capital equipment commentaries by reporters or editorial industry is likely to be continued eco­ comes when sales are high, labor is scarce writers. As Browne notes in a recent nomic paralysis and decline through in­ and there is confidence in the long-term column in his newspaper, the cause of stablllty of demand. None of these conditions this "fuzzing" is the "activist journalism terest group and sectional conflict at is satisfied by a crisis-oriented, stop-and-go home and competitive pressures abroad. economic policy. In addition, labor's em- . that stretches news, interpretation and Gar Alperovitz and Jeff Faux, codirec­ ciency is increased when workers participate analysis more and more into opinionated tors of Washington's National Center in ownership and in decisionmaking. Even commentary and outright editorializing." for Economic Alternatives, published in the steel industry's generally unimagina­ Browne points out, correctly, that no an op-ed article in the December 12 New tive climate, experiments show that more news medium can or ought to be free of York Times that examines very clearly worker participation can result in increased opinions and commentary. But the point productivity. Several Congressmen have been he makes, and which ought to be dis­ the consequences of America's industrial pressing for increased encouragement of decline. The commentary, "When Steel worker ownership and participation in Amer­ cussed further among reporters and edi­ Goes Cold," ought to be read as widely ican industry; some have urged it as a con­ tors, is the need to clearly distinguish the as possible, for the issues it raises are dition for aiding Chrysler. news story from the opinion piece. Mak­ terribly urgent. I recommend the Al­ Despite great hand-wringing over America's ing such distinctions not only aids the perovitz-Faux article, that follows, to low productivity rates, however, there seems reader, but also serves to protect the my colleagues: little understanding o! the issue in the Car­ credibility of the newspaper or television The article follows : ter Administration. An innovative demon­ network that carries an opinion by one stration project with potential for major WHEN STEEL GOES COLD or more of its employees. Making such increased productivity was put forward with distinctions would also help serve the (By Gar Alperovitz and Jeff Faux) significant steelworker concessions last year public interest much better. by Youngstown, Ohio, civic and rellgious WASHINGToN'.-'I\he permanent layoft' of Millard Brown's article from the De­ 13,000 workers by United States Steel is the leaders, but was turned down by Administra­ latest reminder of the high cost to America tion omcials, who showed llttle interest in cember 9 issue of the Buffalo Evening of not having a comprehensive industrial its productivity features. News follows: policy. In steel, as in the Chrysler case and Other industrial nations are much further NEWS/ OPINION LINE CAN GET A Lrrn.E FUzzY recent plant closings in the electronic, shoe, along. The Japanese, French and West Ger­ (By M1llard C. Browne) rubber and textile industries, Federal eco­ mans have in varying degrees developed co­ In his Tuesday column, "The News: Your nomic-policy makers treat the corporate con­ ordination between steel operations, overall Newspaper," my editor-colleague, Murray vulsions that characterize our Industrial economy pollcy and the adaption of institu­ Light, has discussed many of the problems decline as separate lllnesses requiring sepa­ tional arrangements between management a.nd judgment calls that have to be made rate treatment. Many believe that the cure and labor to meet the realities of the chang­ dally in handling the news side o! a news­ for steel's troubles is higher import restric­ ing economic world. Increasingly among the paper. So maybe it's time for me to pick up tions, and for Chrysler, Government loan more successful industrial nations, govern­ the ball and talk about where news leaves o1! guarantees. The result is a choice, on the one ments use a variety of incentives to achieve a.nd opinion begins. hand, between protectionism or subsidies public goals rather than to ball out private Actually, that line is a lot harder to define that can encourage inefficiency and, on the business. Many of these specific arrange­ these days than it used to be. It is the subject other, the wholesale destruction of major ments are not appropriate !or the United of one of the biggest arguments going on industries, their suppliers and the surround­ States, and none are perfect. But despite within today's journalism. It pits old-timers ing communities. the substantial relative decrease in American raised in the strictly-objective who-what­ Neither choice is satisfactory. So long as labor costs accompanying the falllng dol­ where-when-why school of journalism we refuse to face the question of national lar, the comoetitlon is beating our brains against many of the brightest young report­ planning, however, economic policy will con­ out. They must be doing something right. ers who are committed to an "activist jour­ tinue neither to abet, nor prevent, industrial This is not only a matter of economic pol­ nallsm" that stretches news, interpretation, decline. Our economic difficulties Me partly icy. The recent steelworker stt-ins at the and analysis more a.nd more into opinion­ international •. but the place to begin solving United States Steel offices in Pittsburgh warn ated commentary and outright editorialzing. them is at home. A more realistic approach that labor unrest and urban violence could I even have a son in the business (else­ to steel's problems would recognize that the increase dramatically in the 1980's if we re­ where) who has asked the heretical question, industry's fate is substantially tied to the fuse to take responsibility for our economic in my own household, whether editorial pages economy's overall growth and direction. Yet future.e aren't getting obsolete. current national policy--generally supported Not to me, they aren't. But then I'm one by the leadership of both parties--is to keep of the old guard who likes a neat, clean line OU!l' entire productive system operating below THE EDITORIAL LINE between news and opinion, and I worry when capacity to stem inflation. A more sensible I see the llne fuzzed either by news-writing ant11n:tlation pollcy would aim to exp8.1D.d that is too opinionated or by opinion-writing supply in such in:tlationary sectors as hous­ that is too bland. ing and, for instance, to increase conserva­ HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE The problem is partly one of labeling opin­ tion to reduce dependence on high-cost OF NEW YORK ion wherever it appears. On this, the Ameri­ foreign crude oil. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can Society of Newspaper Editors in its A col!lprehensive, alternative anti-inflation "statement of principles" says: "Sound prac­ plan aimed at specific sectors could allow re­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 tice demands a clear distinction between sumption of economic growth. Susta.ined na­ • Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, the re­ news reports and opinion. Articles that con­ tional demand could solve one major part birth of investigative reoorting in the ta.in opinion or personal interpretation o! the steel industry's problem. The issue of. 1970's has brought with it a panoply of should be clearly identified." planning arises also because of the industry's provocative stories, many of which have This is not to say, of course, that they significant dependence on the auto business. all have to be put on the editorial page. The demand for small cars may sustain a. rea­ aided and abetted legislative changes to That would be absurd in today's complex sonably-sized auto industry for some time, address societal problems. This form of mix of frankly-labeled commentary, reviews, but rapid growth is a. thing of the past. It journalism has unearthed scandals in advice and analyses that appear all over the makes sense to point steel production, and nearly every sector of our society and has paper-on everything from hobbies to home­ the auto industry's excess capacity, toward cast light into some of our Nation's making, from second-guessing the B1lls and our substantial needs for rail and mass tran­ Sabres to lambasting a. substandard movie or sit over the next 20 years. This requires a darkest corners. But, the growth of this style of report­ concert. Opinion belongs on a lot of pages conversion pla.n that llnks energy, transporta­ besides this one. tion and steel poltcies. America today manu­ ing-a form of journalistic advocacy­ But beyond the problem of labeling, there factures only 5,000 buses a year as compared has left the role of the editorial in doubt. is the problem of focus-of using a. clearly­ with Western Europe's 100,000. As our newspapers, periodicals, and marked opinion page to help readers focus Another factor in steel's decline has been broadcast media devote increasing atten­ on what, in the welter of all the day's hap­ lagging productivity, with labor blaming tion to developing analyses of societal penings, is important for them to think management !or failure to invest and man- problems, the legitimate role of the edi- about. And that, the "opinion function," is December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35717 our bag, here on the editorial page. Our job pilots. Ironically enough this vote on the live, Global Crisis Mini-Series. Depending on its outcome, it may be anything but the last. is not to report the news but to comment 20th anniversary of the original promul­ on it, to add it up, to make policy judgments NBC News president Bill Small says one of gation of the age 60 rule as well as the his producers recently moaned, "I look for­ about what it means, which happenings are 60th birthday of the pilot who spear­ important and what, in the public interest, ward to the day when our lead is not Iran," should be done about them. In doing this, headed the fight against the age 60 rule but no one knows how far off that day is. our hope is to be provocative--especially to and has worked tirelessly to get this bill The sight of chanting, fist-waving mobs has provoke readers to do their own thinking. through Congress. He was instrumental become part of the fabric of everyday lives This one part of the paper is kept separate in organizing his fellow pilots in support for millions of Americans through TV, and from the news side--co-operative but a Uttle of the bill and dedicated himself to the one can't be blamed for wondering if some bit aloof. And generally with good reason, in dank new age has now been ushered in-an cause of eliminating age discrimination. age of Terrorvision, in which the term "air my view-both in that it helps readers avoid Thus, it is indeed ironic that as of this confusion between what is news and what is power" takes on an entirely different mean­ opinion, and in the way it focuses The News' past Wednesday, Captain Young who all ing. talent more sharply on the thing each of us of us know is healthy, vigorous, mentally Last night's NBC News interview with Ma­ is responsible for. The conscious effort to alert, and competent is ineligible to fly rine Cpl. William Gallegos of Pueblo, Colo., avoid having editoria1-pollcy judgments in­ a commercial airplane. It seems a shame taped earlier in the day at the U.S. Embassy, fiuence news-handling judgments, and vice that Captain Young should be denied the may have been the most powerful broadcast versa, thus helps both sides to practice a benefits that he so determinably strove yet out of the heavily televised trouble spot. better-disciplined quality of journalism. It was the first chance for American viewers to achieve for both himself and his fel­ to see one of the hostages in captivity, and It tells reporters, in effect: "Don't try to low pilots. For this reason, I am intro­ judge all these newsmakers you're writing it made an uncommonly compelling 18 nun­ about, just tell the readers what's happen­ ducing a private relief bill for Capt. Jack utes of grim reality television. ing." And it tells editorial writers: "Don't Young. It contains the same provisions Although Gallegos did not appear visibly try to retell the whole story, just tell the contained in H.R. 3948, but will apply traumatized, the sight of him suddenly per­ readers what you think it means, what to only to Captain Young. It is my feeling sonalized the story as it had not been pre­ make Of it, how to fix it, what to do about that he is both able and willing to con­ viously. "The students here have been really it." tinue to fly until the NIH study is com­ good to us: it's hard to believe, I know," Time and again, our team-the editorial Gallegos told two NBC reporters in an em­ plete but that would be conditional on bassy room dominated by a poster of the writers~wlll check with reporters for more his passing four FAA examinations a UJbiquitous Ayatolla;h Khomeini. background, more facts, on which to base year. Please give this man the chance to editorial judgment calls. Often reporters will The Iranians were operating the cameras, Up our side off on stories coming up on their prove his health and ability and join which occasionally panned to lingering shots beats that cry for comment. But having with me in urging the hasty passage of of anti-shah posters, particularly during a each side doing its own thing not only makes this legislation. Captain Young's dedi­ five-minute harangue by a spokeswoman for a sharper line between news and opinion, cated and inexhaustible efforts will not be identified only as "Mary." but it makes for sharper opinions by those in vain.• NBC News could have edited the inter­ who are paid to write them. view, a spokesman insisted last night, but chose, on the advice of correspondents in My four editorial-writing colleagues-in Tehran, to run it in its entirety. This left order of seniority, Leonard Halpert, Lee TELEVISION DIPLOMACY AND the natural tense rhythms of the session in­ Smith, Larry Paul and Norm Rawlinson­ TERRORISM tact and made the broadcast all the more are all fully professional journalists, gradu­ gripping, if all the more bizarre, a spectacle. ates from reporting and copy-editing experi­ The network had planned to air the inter­ ence who gravitated to editorial writing a HON'. JOHN J. LaFALCE view at 9 p.m., and promoted it heavily with long time ago. When they did, they started OF NEW YORK the sensationalistic title: "Hostage! The reading the news and digging out its mean­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES First TV Interview." But at the appointed ing in a very different way. hour the spectre of debacle loomed; corre­ They all develop their own areas of exper­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 spondent John Chancellor told viewers the tise, but they also all participate in vigorous satellite feed from Iran was "delayed be­ daily discussion and debate over "what The • Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, the inter­ view with the young marine corporal in cause of technical difficulties." News should say"-about everything that He also said the difficultnes could be "not any of us thinks we ought to be editorializ­ Tehran is but another example of the technical but political," and that Iranian ing about. Iranians' wish to circumvent normal dip­ authorities might have decided they didn't At least half of our work consists of gen­ lomatic channels and conduct diplomacy want the interview seen. But it finally came eral reading and research, to cull the wheat on and by television. Despite the U.S. on the air at 9:46. from the chaff, the important from the mar­ Government's repeated efforts to ap­ An NBC News spokesman saJ.d immedi­ ginal or the merely interesting-to draw a proach whatever regime exists in Iran, ately after the broadcast ended at 10:14 that bead, in short, on the particular subjects there was no evidence of sabotage and that that call most clearly for comment that day. the Ayatollah Khomeini and his follow­ it was being assumed the problems were The other half is the specific research, writ­ ers steadfastly refuse to deal with our accidental. Chancellor was quick to point ing, checking and often rewriting, of the Government and attempt to appeal di­ out to viewers, following the interview, that editorials we print. They are unsigned, be­ rectly to the American people. Although it left many questions unanswered and con­ cause the whole effort represents an effort in they have no understanding of the real tradictions and inconsistencies with what group policy-making-in speaking not for situation in this country, the Iranians had previously been learned about the hos­ ourselves individually (as I do here), but for certainly have a keen grasp of the prop­ tages and their treatment. The News as an institution.e aganda possibilities of the electronic me­ But as ls so often the case with television, dia. I want to share with my colleagues lt was not so mudh what was said as what an insightful article from yesterday's was seen and perceived that gave the inter­ Washington Post, by Tom Shales, on this view its impact. ONE PILOT'S FIGHT AGAINST THE important aspect of the Iranian crisis. NBC News officials defended concessions AGE 60 RULE they made to the Iranians, in order to get The article follows: the interview, with remarkable consiStency. TERRORVISION-THE HOSTAGE SPEAKS: PRIME An NBC News spokesman said yesterday that HON. CLAUDE PEPPER TIME IN TV-SAVVY TEHRAN the statement made by "Mary" helped dem­ OF FLORIDA ,(By Tom Shales} onstrate the "intensity and depth" of Ira­ nian feeling. Later, Small said the statement IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CBS News correspondent Tom Fenton was finishing his stand-up report near the Ameri­ would show the "intensity and depth" of Wednesday, December 12, 1979 can Embassy in Tehran when demonstrators Iranian feeling. • Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, as you began crowding around the camera crew. He And finally, on the telecast itself, Chan­ thought things might get out of hand when cellor spoke of the "intensity and depth" know, the House passed the Experienced evident in the statement. Pilots Act, H.R. 3948, Wednesday with suddenly a demonstrator rushed forward to ask him, "CIA?" Newspapers are certainly represented in the amendment offered by the gentleman "No," Fenton replied quickly, "CBS!" He Iran as well, but televiSion and its dramatic from New Jersey ports bullhorns-truck drivers one day, ladies and But in a situation as fraught with poten­ than the other two networks combined. ABC self-flagellators the next--and so we try to tial calamity as the Iranian crisis, there is has even prepared a fancy electronic logo !or keep using words like 'orchestrated' and natural concern that TV's penchant for par­ each report: "America Held Hostage," the 'well organized' so that we're not being a ticipatory journalism could endanger lives program is called. All three networks are kind of mindless mirror. We are trying not to or prolong the ordeal. now ballyhooing their coverage with pro­ be victimized." Ed Fouhy, Washington bureau chief for nlOti~al announcements, each implicitly The object all sublime is to get on televi­ CBS News, thinks such talk is just idle claiming that the bad news is better on one sion, to make that direct entry into Ameri­ steam. "That 'TV diplomacy' stuff is non­ network than the others. can-and Iranian-homes and minds. No one sense," Fouhy says, "It's untrue. It's a base In addition to the overseas crews, network in TV journalism quarrels with the idea that canard. I'm inclined to use the old . Fred news departments are maintaining 12-hour the Iranians are trying to use the press-­ Friendly answer: Colonials threw tea into shifts of crews at the White House, State Boston Harbor, and there weren't any cam­ Department and, now, at the temporary res­ only with the suggestion that they are suc­ eras there." ceeding. Some of the attempts at manipula­ Idence of the shah in Texas. tion are as rude as this : ABC News personnel "We are not negotiating-far from it," There Is no sign that the American people have been approached by strangers claiming says Fenton of CBS. "But we are looking for are tiring of the coverage. "The only way we anything that might be an opening. You have to measure that Is audiences," says to have secret tapes of the hostages taken couldn't help feeling that if there as any­ inside the embassy and offering them for Leiser of CBS, "and ours and ABC's are huge. thing that looked like a possible compromise, We're getting a 13 rating at 11:30 at night sale. It's on a level with the porno trade and it was worth promoting." "no one has bought the Brooklyn Bridge yet,'; and that's only a couple of points behind says Siegenthaler. ABC's Siegenthaler rejects Hodding Car­ the evening news." ter's notion about the ayatollah allegedly Fenton says the students are getting so ABC has promised nightly reports as long hardening his lined uring the network in­ as the situation In Iran "remains critical." "savvy" about TV exposure that they have terviews; "I don't go for that at all." But offered him "secret government documents" Siegenthaler did ;;ay that covering a situa­ At the other networks, this is quietly con­ in exchange for "five minutes of unedited air tion In which hostages have been taken does sidered more a matter of showmanship than time." Time may be money, but Air Time is journalism. power. bring up its own set of problems-a set of problems the world may see a great deal more "There's not a story to do every night, no," Finally, this weekend, after two more offers of in the electronic '80s. says Fouhy of CBS News. "To commit In ad­ the networks all felt they could refuse, NBC "In the m1d-'70s, when we had the Moluc­ vance, not knowing what the news will be, News came up with a counteroffer· they got cans and the Hanafl.s, we went through a ts obviously overkill." the Gallegos interview 1n return for giving a whole set of jazz about how do you deal with If ABC's approach may be unprecedented, militant Iranian a few minutes to state her a hostage situation," Siegenthaler says. "Dee- so is the news story. Even if there were no December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35719 other positive side to the crisis, Americans of days. If there is a hell, it has to look like their collective will on the question of are learning more about the temperaments, what I have seen there. During the first few nuclear power development. The defeat politics and geography of the Islamic world days, the sick were dying in the mud simply of the Markey nuclear moratorium than they have ever had a chance to learn because they were too weak to raise their amendment by 119 votes sent a strong before. heads. I carried out fifty bodies from just message to our citizens and the rest of "We're getting very good feedback," says one hospital tent the first day. the world that we intend to move for­ ABC's Siegenthaler. "There's a technical The makeshift hospital we set up hardly ward, incorporating the lessons of Three crew in Detroit that stays on after the local deserves the name. There were no cots, no news at the affiliate there just to watch our walls, no food except the dirt. People were Mile Island. Iran shows. To know as much as possible lying and dying on straw mats. Literally It is also worth pointing out that, as can only be good for people. If they see the everyone was malnourished. They were noth­ Mr. BROWN and Mr. UDALL discussed in situation reported with all its nuances, I ing but bags of bones, 80 percent have ma­ the debate on the Nuclear Regulatory think there is less tendency toward jingoism laria, complicated by pneumonia and beri­ Commission authorization bill the Com­ and xenophobia." beri. Many were missing arms and legs. The mission should move ahead with the is­ And Iranians on the streets of Tehran seem children were the most pitiful. They just suance of operating licenses for new nu­ determined that Americans will know "as lie there quietly and die. clear plants, given a case-by-case assur­ much as possible" about their side of the I guess the silence of the camp was what stalemate. Fenton says it was not uncommon struck me most. Fifty thousand people, and ance that these plants will incorporate for Iranian passers-by to offer him and his you couldn't hear a sound. It was a silence of the lessons learned from Three Mile crew advice on camera angles, help set up desperation and hopelessness. I worked Island. the tripods, even help plug in the video cam­ mostly in the infectious ward of the so-called In this regard it is worth noting a spe­ eras. "We are part," he says, "of their hospital. We couldn't do much. We washed cific case of a nuclear plant whose op­ game.''e people, cleaned up diarrhea, cut hair full of erating license is pending, that is, the lice, put lee packs on the fevered and carried North Anna Unit No. 2 of the Virginia out the bodies. Every day there was a stack Electric & Power Co. The State VIVID REPORT FROM REFUGEE higher than my head of bodies to take from Corporation Commission of Virginia CAMP the ca.mp and bury. wrote a strong letter to the President I guess my best contribution was to orga­ nize the manY' volunteers who came to help. calling for the NRC to move ahead with HON. PAUL SIMON That's why I was sent there, anyway. I sup­ the granting of this license because of the financial burden and question of OF ILLINOIS pose you have heard that Rosalynn Carter came to visit. I met her briefiy. I don't know reliability posed by the delay. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES how much her visit will help, except to call I recommend this letter to my col­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 attention to the most devasting tragedy since leagues who are interested in a sane the genocide of the Jews in WWII. It seems pursuit of the nuclear option: • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, for 5 weeks, there is no end to it. We expect another 110 the attention of Americans and those thousand Cambodians within the next two COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, weeks. I assume that the Peace COrps staff STATE CORPORATION COMMISSION, throughout the world has been riveted on November 27, 1979. Iran. The crisis there has brought to­ will be called upon again when the next in­ fiux occurs. It's all right with me. God knows Hon. JIMMY CARTER, gether many Americans in their support they need help, and we are glad to provide The White House, of the President's search for peaceful whatever assistance we can. Washington, D.C. solutions to this situation. I just can't tell you what a powerful affect IOEAR MR. PRESIDENT: We are writing to ex­ There is another issue that has pro­ it has. I can't close my eyes without seeing press our disappointment with the Nuclear duced a positive and deep response from scenes from the camp. One woman who was Regulatory Commission's recent statement the American people and that is the dying with TB asked me to take her baby that it would postpone all licensing proceed­ and raise it. Had I been able to get the child ings until it has been able to consider all of hunger problem in Cambodia. Money and the recommendations contained in the vari­ offers of assistance continue to flood the out of the camp I would have done so. Another woman, nothing but bones and cov­ ous investigations of the incident at Three many voluntary agencies working in ered with ulcerating sores, fought for life for Mile Island and the unresponsive attitude by Cambodia, but the fight to save the lives a week before she finally died. We all cried the Nuclear Regl,llatory Commission regard­ of thousands of starving Cambodians when we had to carry her to the dead tent. ing previous communications to them from continues. One little boy had bloody dysentery for two us and others on behalf of Virginians. weeks. He sat by his cot, uncomplaining, for The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's deci­ Ann Morgan, the daughter of Mr. and sion to refuse to perform its duties has grave Mrs. Marshall Morgan of Marion, Ill., is the whole time while clots of blood ran from his anus. The last thing he did was look up economic consequences for Virginia. Virginia an outstanding person in every respect at us and smile. Then he turned over and Electric and Power Company's North Anna and has recently returned to Thailand died. Unit 2 is directly affected by this decision. as a Peace Corps volunteer and leader. Unit 2, which represents an investment of ap­ There are 400 orphans, we think. Children proximately $508 million, was scheduled for This is her third tour of duty in Thai­ tell us of having seen the Pol Pot forces slit land and she has ooen working in a refu­ licensing in July, 1979 but, it now appears the throats of their parents. Those are the that a license will not be forthcoming until gee camp on the Cambodian border. Re­ ones who know they are orphans. Others the second quarter of 1980 at the earliest. As cently she wrote to her parents about simply haven't seen their parents for a year a result of this unit not being placed in her first several weeks in the camp. This or so and can't be sure whether they are service increased reliance must be placed on letter which appeared in the Marion alive or dead. the use of oil for the generation of electricity. Daily Republican, describes so well the I know you will understand if you don't Because of the difference in price of these daily struggles experienced by both Cam­ hear from me for a few weeks. I may have to fuels it has been estimated that the cost of go back down to a new camp with very short replacement generation is approximately bodians who have left their country and notice. Please don't worry. The camp areas are fled to Thailand and by those who are $12-$13 million per month more than it oth­ certainly safe, if not pleasant. And, when erwise would be. Additionally, because of the offering whatever assistance they can to I'm down there, I really feel as if I'm doing interest charges on the capital investment help the refugees. I am inserting a copy something that helps a lot of people.e the completed cost of North Anna increases of her letter in order that we may all get by approximately $4 million per month for a glimpse of what is happening in South­ each month the unit is delayed being placed east Asia. into commercial operation. Along with the The letter follows: COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA financial burden imposed on the Company Dear mom and dad: PUSHES FOR NUCLEAR PLANT and its customers, as a result of the decision You're probably wondering what's hap­ LICENSING to postpone licensing, the reliability of serv­ pened to me. I know I promised to call from ice is significantly decreased. San Francisco, but my stopover there was North Anna Unit 2 is a sister unit of North cut short by a call to return to Bangkok Im­ HON. JOHN W. WYDLER Anna Unit 1 which was placed into com­ mediately. I hardly got off the plane here mercial operation on June 6, 1978. The oper­ OF NEW YORK before going immediately down to the bor­ ation of Unit 1 has been extremely successful der to help out with the infiux of refugees IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES since that time and there is every reason to believe that Unit 2 will perform in the same from Cambodia. I've been working In the Wednesday, December 12, 1979 camp for two weeks now. I'm sure you've manner. been hearing about the problem on T.V. Fifty • Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, in the 'There is no justification for the NRC's de­ thousand Cambodians came in all at once past 2 weeks on the floor of the House cision to further delay licensing pToceedings. and the camp had to be set up in a matte; we have seen the Members demonstrate Unless the NRC can produce specific findings 35720 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 19 79 that commercial operation of Unit 2 would a substantial change in the procedure for have a.n adverse impact on public health a.nd concerning the nature of training plans safety we submit that the NRC's decision is insuring the health and safety of metal required by MSHA, Mr. Lagather stated counterproductive to the national interest and nonmetallic miners. in his testimony that most of what of furthering energy independence a.nd is The concern of many mine operators MSHA requires is very minor. He noted certainly detrimental to the economic well­ with the 1977 act was reflected in several that not only does MSHA provide the being of the businesses a.nd residents of this Members of the House sponsoring legis­ operators with assistance in preparing Commonwealth. lation which would have amended the these plans, but it also provides them We respectfully request your intervention 1977 act to exclude nonmetallic mines with the forms. Furthermore, accord­ on behalf of the people of Virginia. by exert­ ing the infiuence of your office to have the from the jurisdiction of the act. ing to Mr. Lag ather, there are many Nuclear Regulatory Commission resume the The subcommittee responded to these plans that are only one, two, or three licensing procedure for Virginia. Electric a.nd concerns and conducted 14 days of over­ pages, and much of this only calls for Power Company's North Anna. Unit 2 With­ sight hearings in 1979. The emphasis of checking off those specific items in the out further unnecessary delay. the hearings was on the impact of the MSHA form which pertain to a given Very truly yours, 1977 act on the sand and gravel, lime­ mine site. JUNIE L. BRADSHAW, stone, crushed stone, surface clay, and Third. Various industry witnesses con­ Chairman. colloidal phosphate mines. tended that the citation and assessment PRESTON C. SHANNON, Commissioner. Several Members of the House testi­ procedure is uncertain and unfair. They THOMAs P. HARWOOD, Jr., fied before the subcommittee, as well as stated that the system of proposing fines Commissioner.• representatives of crushed stone, lime­ leads to an uneven application of con­ stone, sand and gravel, colloidal phos­ sideration of negligence and good faith phate, and surface clay mines, the Na­ points. Assistant Secretary Lagather tional Association of Counties, the stated he has already undertaken a com­ THE ACTIVITIES OF THE SUBCOM­ United Cement, Lime, and Gypsum prehensive review of the assessment sys­ MITTEE ON HEALTH AND SAFETY Workers International Union, the United tem. He stated he has some concern OF THE EDUCATION AND LABOR Steelworkers of America and the Hon­ about negligence points, good faith points COMMITTEE DURING THE 96TH orable Robert B. Lagather, Assistant and how history points will apply, and CONGRESS Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and hopes that the review, which should be Health. completed within 2 months, will result During their testimony, industry rep­ in a more equitable assessment system. HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS resentatives referred to certain matters Fourth. Several industry witnesses OF PENNSYLVANIA as being the most significant to them. pointed out that onsite consultation is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In his appearance before the subcom­ not available and urged that MSHA pro­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 mittee on October 30, 1979, Assistant vide such a service to assist operators in Secretary Lagather responded as follows complying with the act. Assistant Secre­ • Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, the Sub­ to these contentions in an attempt to tary Lagather stated that he curently is committee on Health and Safety has clarify any misconceptions, as well as to putting in place a "compliance assist­ conducted extensive oversight hearings point out actions which have been taken, ance visit" procedure, whereby operators during this 1st session of the 96th Con­ or plan to be taken, by MSHA with re­ may request such visit without any cita­ gress on the Federal Mine Safety and gard to these concerns: tions to be issued in the following situ­ Health Amendments Act of 1977 and the First. According to industry spokes­ ations. Occupational Safety and Health Act of men, sand and gravel and stone opera­ First, a new mine not yet producing, 1970, two statutes subject to the jurisdic­ tions are safe operations and should not second, seasonal, closed or abandoned tion of the subcommittee. be included in a mine safety law which mines prior to reopening, and third, new A. THE FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH also applies to coal and metal mines. installations in mines prior to their be­ AMENDMENTS ACT OF 1977 However, Assistant Secretary Lagather coming operational. Prior to 1977, metal and nonmetallic pointed out that in each year since 1974, Fifth. Some of the industry witnesses mines were subject to the provisions of sand and gravel and stone operations pointed out instances where they have the Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine have consistently accounted for about been cited for violations committed by Safety Act of 1966. This act did not re­ one-half of all metal and nonmetal min­ independent contractors. Assistant Sec­ quire any minimum annual inspections ing fatalities. Since 1974, the sand and retary Lagather stated that MSHA has of surface mines, citations and fines, or g-ravel fatality rate has been consistently just concluded its public hearings on the training programs for miners. higher than the overall rate of all metal proposed independent contractor stand­ On the other hand, coal mines were and nonmetal mines. The injury-severity ard and, it is anticipated it will be pro­ subject to the provisions of the Federal rate for sand and gravel operations has mulgated by February 1980. He further Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, been consistently higher than the over­ stated that in 98 or 99 percent of the in­ which did require a minimum of four in­ all metal and nonmetal rate for the same stances the independent contractor will spections per year in underground mines period. With respect to stone mining, the be the one to be cited when he has con­ and citations and fines. disabling injury frequency rate has been trol of the situation. The 1977 act brought all miners under higher than the overall metal and non­ Sixth. Some industry witnesses the protection of one law. It repealed the metal rate since 1972. claimed that MSHA is applying coal Federal MetaJ and Nonmetallic Mine Second. Certain industry represent­ mine standards to sand and gravel, and Safety Act of 1966, and upgraded many atives contended that the requirements stone mines. Assistant Secretary Laga­ of the provisions of the 1969 Coal Act, of the training standard are too onerous ther stated this is not so, that the cur­ which now apply to all mines and miners. on small operations. They contended that rent standards being applied to sand and Accordingly, metal and nonmetallic even though a new employee had prior gravel and stone mines were promul­ mines are now subject to a minimum of experience in the operation of equip­ gated under the Federal Metal and Non­ four annual inspections for underground ment, such as a bulldozer at a construc­ metallic Mine Safety Act of 1966. Fur­ mines . The primary aim of Laborers International Union AFL-CIO • Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, recently, CHAP is to enroll children in a continu­ appeared before the subcom­ District. It was a success, and a full and needed subsequent care. H.R. 4962 di­ mittee. frank discussion. I wish to share an edi­ rectly addresses the most glaring short­ The testimony of agency representa­ torial from the Sedalia Democrat that comings of the current medicaid pro­ tives indicated a lack of uniformity in praised Secretary Bergland's meeting: gram in meeting the health needs of poor programs established to insure the safety !BERGLAND MEETING PROVES PRODUCTIVE children and pregnant women. Virtually and health of its employees. Anyone laboring under the delusion that all of the evaluations of the medicaid The testimony of the various union farming is a. fairly uncomplicated business program in recent years have reached representatives focused on the lack of would have received an education had he the same conclusion: it is ineffective in any system of effective enforcement­ attended the public forum held Wednesday providing integrated health care services In Convention Hall. primarily the lack of any system of cita­ Chaired by Agriculture Secretary Bob to many of the Nation's poor. The ad­ tions and fines to require agencies to im­ Bergland, the a.ll-day session was one of 10 ministrative reforms and program al­ plement an effective safety and health the secretary is holding across the country. terations contained in this bill will go a program. Sedalia., the smallest of the cities on the long way to alleviate the serious short­ The subcommittee plans to continue itinerary, was honored by its selection­ comings that have been uncovered by oversight hearings on this matter in 1980 which testifies to this area's importance as a. various congressional oversight commit­ to receive testimony from representatives center for Missouri agriculture. tees and independent organizations like of other Federal agencies and employee We came a.wa.~ from the meeting very much impressed with Secretary Bergland's the Children's Defense Fund. representatives in order to review the grasp of the problems confronting agricul­ CHAP is a noteworthy proposal be­ overall Federal safety and health pro­ ture and his understanding of how they bear cause it emphasizes prevention and sys~ gram and evaluate what steps are neces­ upon one another. There are no simple an­ tematically attempts to make an exist­ sary to remedy any of its shortcomings. swers here. But out of a. series of such "na­ ing program work more effectively. The Additionally, in 1979, the subcommittee tional dialogues" on American agriculture­ benefits derived from preventive services conducted a field hearing in Philadel­ if others are as productive as the one here and comprehensive, continuous care can phia, Pa. At this hearing representatives appeared to be-the secretary should have a. bear high returns for all the involved of unions, public interest groups, em­ feeling for grassroots opinion on some impor­ tant issues that will have a. bearing on the parties. For example, the requirement ployers and OSHA testified. The general next farm program, which is coming in 1981. that all State medicaid programs provide tenor of the testimony was that OSHA The underlying theme at the forum here, prenatal care for low-income pregnant is seriously under-funded with the result and one that was touched on by many speak­ women will undoubtedly have a signifi­ that it is currently unable to effectively ers, was the need to preserve the family cant and positive effect on the health of 35722 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979 both mother and child. The Federal Gov­ husbands. They face a combination of This increased to 22 percent at the end of ernment will also benefit because early age discrimination, lack of skills, lack of Mr. Vorster's term last year. detection will prevent more serious ill­ recent paid work experience (if they By May this year, 35 percent of urban nesses and disabilities from developing. ever had any), competition from younger blacks thought Mr. Botha was leading the Studies have demonstrated savings of workers. country well. And by this month, following Mr. Botha's roughly 40 percent in longrun health We have heard a great deal about how bills for children and who receive the historic visit to Soweto, and the announce­ much progress women are making in the ment of new policies, 11 percent of urban preventive and primary care that will job market in terms of their earning blacks think he is leading the country very be provided under the terms of this bill. ability. But recent statistics from the well, and 46 percent believe he is leading it There is solid evidence that early diag­ Department of Labor show that a woman fairly well. This makes a well-disposed ma­ nosis and treatment of disease in low­ today earns only 59 cents for each dollar jority of 57 percent. income children is not only an effective a man earns. Currently, a woman, em­ TIDE TURNED means of reducing human suffering, but ployed full-time, year-round, earns on Mr. Botha has also succeeded in turning also a cost-effective way for the Congress the average $8,618 compared to the the tide of white opinion, which in May this to meet its commitment to provide ade­ $14,626 a man earns. year, appeared to be running against him. quate medical care for low-income fam­ At the end of Mr. Vorster's term, an over­ I would ask my colleagues how a wom­ whelming 95 percent of whites thought he ilies. By detecting and attacking health an can support herself and her depend­ problems before they become critical, we was leading the country very well or fairly ent child on a $3.05 an hour part-time well. can simultaneously improve the quality job. But in May this year, white support for his of life for poor children and prevent This bill will not help Mrs. G. Her ben­ successor, Mr. Botha, had dropped to 71 per­ more costly obligations later on. CHAP efits terminate in a few days. But it will cent. offers a unique opportunity to assure help others like her who are struggling But the latest survey shows Mr. Botha has that millions of children, who would succeeded in raising this figure to 86 percent. to raise their dependent children and I Increased support for Mr. Botha personally otherwise go without proper medical ask my colleagues to support this bill.e care, will have an opportunity to grow has a.Iso improved public opinion of the up in good health. I am extremely Government. The latest survey shows that 49 percent of pleased that a majority of my colleagues urban blacks believe the Government is have joined me in supporting this bill be­ SIGNIFICANT EASING OF APAR­ handling relationships between blacks and cause it represents a commitment to a THEID IN SOUTH AFRICA whites very well or fairly well. mi.nimum level of health care for some At the end of last year, only 23 percent of of the most vulnerable members of our urban blacks thought the Government was society: poor children and low-income HON·. BOB WILSON doing well. This figure increased to 38 per­ pregnant women.e cent in May this year. OF CALIFORNIA White opinion of the Government's per­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES formance in the racial field, which deterio­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 rated early this year, has now improved. In November last year, 88 percent of whites EXTENSION OF MOTHER'S BENE­ e Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, just believed the Government was doing very well FITS UNDER SOCIAL SECURITY recently I was privileged to pay a return or fairly well on race relations. In May this visit to South Africa with the House year this dropped to 74 percent, but has now Armed Services Committee. In looking increased to 83 percent. HON. FRANK J. GUARIN'I The survey shows that 61 percent of blacks back over the 5 years since my last tour are now confident of a happy future for all OF NEW JERSEY of the country, I was most gratified to races in South Africa. Last year only 37 per­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES see that significant strides have been cent were confident. Wednesday, December 12, 1979 made in education for black people and White optimism has shown little change, that there has been a definite easing of with 71 percent now confident in a happy e Mr. GUARINI. Mr. Speaker, today I the system of apartheid. future, compared to 68 percent in May this am introducing a bill which would I was pleased to note that these steps year, but down from 78 percent in November amend title II of the Social Security Act are being taken on the volition of the last year. to provide that a wife's or mother's in­ South Africans themselves and that this surance benefits may be paid to the in­ THE ATTITUDE TO WHITES IMPROVES exceptional progress has occurred in The racial attitudes of blacks towards dividual who has care of a dependent, both these areas of concern. whites have improved over the past six nondisabled child, until the child reaches The following article from the Johan­ months. age 19 or has finished high school, nesburg Star is indicative of the kind of But white attitudes towards blacks have whichever comes first. progress I observed, and I commend it to hardly changed in six months, and Me per­ The problem which this bill is de­ the attention of my colleagues: haps "a degree cooler," according to this signed to correct was first called to my [From the Johannesburg Star, Nov. 29, 1979] m~nth's Markinor socio-political barometer. The survey was carried out on 800 black attention by a displaced homemaker URBAN BLACKS' SUPPORT IS BREAKTHROUGH women living in metropolitan areas and 800 from my district. Mrs. G is a widow who FORPW white women living in both urban and rural is the sole support of her daughter who The Prime Minister, Mr. P. W. Botha, has Meas. will turn 18 in a few days. Unfortunately, achieved a breakthrough; more than half A total of 76 percent of whites say they her daughter does not graduate from South Africa's urban blacks now believe he have very good or personal relationships with high school until next June. However, is leading the country well. blacks. This represents a reduction of three Mrs. G's mother's benefits will be ter­ This is the significant finding of the latest percent over six months. socio-political barometer published by Mark­ Twenty percent of whites say they have minated when her daughter turns 18. inor this month. "medium" personal relationships with blacks, Mrs. G is employed part-time at a local The survey also shows that Mr. Botha has while three percent have poor relationships. school and earns $3.05 an hour. She rall1ed the vast majority of whites behind A total of 37 percent of blacks 5a1Y they has tried to find full-time employment him, with 86 percent of whites now believing have good personal relationships with but has been unsuccessful. She was a he is leading the country well or fairly well. whites-a reduction of three percent of the homemaker for 31 years, until the death An upsurge of racial goodw111 among blacks May figure. towards whites has accompanied Mr. Botha's But the number of blacks with "medium" of her husband 4 years ago. rise in popularity. persona.! relationships with whites increased If the purpose of the mother's bene­ This occurred despite a worsening eco­ by 10 percent to 41 percent. The number fits is to provide assistance to those with nomic situation in which unemployment has with negative views diminished by six per­ dependent children, it seems unfair to severely reduced the real incomes of both cent to 16 percent. penalize them because a child's 18th major race groups, especially the blacks. The survey found that 48 percent of work­ ing women rated their personal relationships birthday falls prior to high school grad­ Mr. Botha's popularity among blacks re­ uation. with whites as good or very good, while only flects an overwhelming change from the 30 percent of non-working women did the Women like Mrs. G who have spent image of his predecessor, Mr. Vorster. same. many years as homemakers are at a se­ In 1977, during the aftermath of the 1976 "The private, person-to-person contact be­ vere disadvantage when they enter the riots, only six percent of urban blacks tween blacks and whites thus has a .positive thought Mr. Vorster was doing very or fairly job market after the death of their effect OIIl race relations," Markinor concludes. well. This applies to those blacks whose jobs give December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35723 them contact with whites outside the official more feasible and more economical. Without SALT n in no way inhibits our capability administration and the police, a.ocording to these important warhead limits, the Soviets to respond to the Soviet's SS-20 Inissile or Ma.rkinor. could just add more warheads to· their force~ their Backfire bomber-now and in the The survey found that whites now have a over time which would necessitate a signif­ future. It does not prohibit the United States more realistic view of black opinion. icantly larger number of shelters for our MX from building a bomber similar to Backfire. Previous surveys showed that whites "were missiles. The protocol liinits on deployment of under consider81ble illusion as to how satis­ There is no doubt that the Soviet strategic ground- and sea-launched Cruise Inissiles fied blacks were with their lot." force is formidable and growing rapidly. will expire before we are ready to deploy The latest survey shows that onl'Y five There is no doubt that it is the only mili­ these missiles. There are no limits on de­ percent of whites believe that blacks are tary force in the world that is our rival. velopment or testing. We will have time to very satisfied with their lot. This com.pares But there is also no doubt that the Soviet plan carefully-in concert with NATo-how with 11 percent of 'blacks who say they are Union does not have strategic superiority best to modernise our theatre nuclear very satisfied with their lot.e today, and they will not have it in the fu­ forces. As NATO Review readers know, this ture if we continue to modernise our strate­ planning is already underway. gic forces and do what we have to do to We will be free to deploy ground- and sea­ maintain equivalence. The recent decision launched Cruise missiles in the post-protocol GENERAL SEIGNIOUS COMMENTS to proceed with full-scale development of period if the United States and NATO de­ the MX ICBM is evidence that we will pro­ cide that such deployment is in the best ON SALT II ceed with the programmes necessary for our interest of our collective security. When the security. protocol expires, it expires. Its temporary I want to lay to rest two misconceptions liinits will not prejudice the results of future HON. PAUL SIMON that have appeared in the SALT debate, both negotiations. OF ILLINOIS in America and abroad. The first is that The non-circumvention provision means IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SALT will tie our hands. Our strategic mili­ just that ... "non-circumvention", it does tary capabilities are increasing, and SALT not mean "non-transfer". During the SALT Wednesday, December 12, 1979 will allow us to proceed with all of the force negotiations we specifically rejected the So­ • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, the Senate options we have decided are necessary for viet proposal for a non-transfer provision. majority leader has recently announced our security-air-launched Cruise missiles Any future requests for transfers will be dealt on B-52 bombers, Trident submarines, the with on a case-by-case basis, as would be that the Senate will not consider the Trident I and II submarine-launched ballis­ the case without SALT or without a non­ SALT II treaty until after Congress re­ tic missiles, the MX missile, and even a new circumvention provision. This provision adds turns in January. Although I am dis­ heavy bomber if we want to build it. nothing to our obligations under SALT. tressed we will not see action on the A second misconception that pervades the SALT, furthermore, places no limits on treaty this year, I understand the polit­ SALT debate is that SALT is based on trust. French or British nuclear systeinS, nor does ical considerations which went into the That is not the case. To put it very bluntly, it limit American forward-based systeins decision to pull the treaty from the Sen­ we are dealing with our principal potential located in Europe or on aircraft carriers. ate calendar. I would hope that those of adversary, and trust is not a basis for na­ This important principle of exclusion was tional security or national survival. agreed at Vladivostok in 1974, a major nego­ us who see passage of the SALT II trea­ The agreement has been designed to be tiating achievement of President Ford and ty as a necessary step in the continued verifiable by our own national technical Secretary of State Kissinger. progress toward real arms control will means (NTM) -independent, United States Accompanying the maintenance of a strong use the next several months to educate intelligence capabilities, including photo­ deterrent and defence is another, equally our constituents on the specific provi­ reconnaissance satellites, ground-based radar critical necessity: the preservation of sta­ sions of the treaties and the reasons this and other means. These verification capabil­ bility and avoidance of nuclear war. treaty is a must if we are going to see ities are impressive and overlapping. As in Nowhere is this requirement more impor­ the United States and the Soviet Union any intelligence effort, we can monitor some tant than in Europe where two enormously activities with greater precision than others, capable military forces face each other in impose the internal and external controls but our verification capab1lity is sufficient to an arena of historic confrontation. With the necessary to stop the distressing arms ensure that the Soviets could not cheat so potential for destruction so great, the ulti­ race. as to pose a significant mmtary risk, or ad­ mate security of every European is at stake Gen. George M. Seignious, Director of versely affect the strategic balance without in SALT. Europe, therefore, has a special the Arms Control and Disarmament being detected in time by our intelligence interest in stability. Failure of SALT and Agency, recently wrote an article for the collection systeinS. We will have that capa­ rejection of the process could lead to the NATO Review. Mr. Seignious does an ex­ b111ty from the day the agreement enters most dangerous kind of instability. cellent job of laying out the case in sup­ into force, despite the loss of our monitoring A wide-open arms race, with increased de­ stations in Iran. fence burdens, would not necessarily cement port of the treaty. I am inserting this The verification provisions in SALT do Atlantic cohesion. Furthermore, an uncon­ article into the RECORD as I think it offers more than serve our basic need to be cer­ trolled strategic arms race could have other clear and reasonable explanations of the tain that the Soviets are living up to their effects as well. Would NATO be better able treaty: obligations under the agreement. Those pro­ to meet the Soviet challenge in Europe with­ SALT II: THE CENTRE-PIECE OF EAST-WEST visions actually enhance the knowledge we out SALT? Would the United States be better RELATIONS have about Soviet strategic forces. For ex­ able to meet the Soviet challenge in Africa (By George M. Seignious} ample, under SALT II, deliberate conceal­ and Asia, without SALT-while spending ment which impedes verification of compli­ even larger suins on nuclear, rather than con­ The SALT debate in the United States and ance is banned. This includes encryption of ventional forces? I think not. abroad has produced consensus among the telemetry which would impede verification. A nuclear arins race, with the gloves off, agreements' supporters and opponents on one Without this ban, the Soviets could use any would not just mean billions more for de­ point: SALT II must enhance the security and all means of concealment. Our intelli­ fence. It would focus our attention and re­ of the United States and its allies. I believe gence task would be greater; our informa­ sources on strategic military rivalry and it meets that test. I1' it did not, I, for one, tion would be less; and we would have to competition. Our ability to respond to other could not support it. plan our own forces against a far less cer­ pressing common probleins-such as energy The most difficult task that faces a strat­ tain and more dangerous Soviet threat. and inflation-could not help but suffer. egist is to find some way to control the EUROPEAN CONCERNS A stable world is an arena best turned to forces of one's opponent. No matter how our advantage. An unrestrained and tension­ many weapons the United States builds, we So far I have dealt primarily with SALT from the perspective of American strategic filled nuclear arms race is not the recipe cannot stop the Soviet Union from building for stable economies and it is not the recipe right along with us. With nuclear weapons­ forces. In actuality, the SALT process is in­ tertwined with European security concerns­ for a stable world. against which there is no adequate defence­ It will be a long time before we can truly the result of such a race is not more security and as SALT proceeds, it promises to become for one, but greater insecurity for all. more so. diininish the abUity of the U.S. and the So­ I believe that the NATO alliance, basically, viet Union to destroy each other's societies. Under SALT, there will be many hundreds But, by the process of SALT, we improve sta­ fewer Soviet strategic systems, and many looks to the United States to accomplish two tasks: bility and predictability, and we move to­ thousands fewer deliverable strategic war­ wards more ambitious goals. heads in the Soviet arsenal than they could To maintain a strong deterrent and a have had without SALT. These limits on So­ strong defence; and SALT III will follow closely on the heels viet systems are not just meaningless re­ To lead in managing the East-West rela­ of SALT II; indeed, both nations are com­ straints on totals already too high. For ex­ tionship to avoid a war that would devastate mitted in SALT II to the resumption of ne­ ample, with the SALT warhead limits, the the nations of Europe as well as the United gotiations immediately upon entry into basing alternatives that we are considering States. force. for the new MX ICBM are unquestionably The SALT agreement contributes to both. The first point I want to make is that we 35724 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979 will negotiate from a position of equivalence. United States, the Soviet Union, and every THE DANGER IS DEFEAT, NOT There must be genuine equality in capabil­ nation-the necessity to prevent the certain DESTRUCTION ity and survivab111ty. This, I might add, does and enormous destruction that any use of not mean that U.S. and Soviet strategic nuclear weapons would cause. forces will be symmetrical in every respect. The United States has the capacity to With survivab1lity improvements, such as HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS devastate the Soviet Union, but we in the OF IDAHO those provided by the mobile MX ICBM and West should take no comfort from such a the greatly increased patrol areas provided scenario. The grim reality of the nuclear age IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the new Trident I missile, I believe that is such that the same holocaust would be Wednesday, December 12, 1979 significant future reductions in strategic our fate. No one can truly imagine the con­ forces will be both more likely and more sequences of nuclear war. And no nation • Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, I wish to possible. could be certain of immunity once the submit to the RECORD an excellent ar­ In SALT III there will be several imme­ apocalypse was underway. ticle which appeared in Dr. Gary North's diate and obvious priorities-further numer­ I believe this may be our last real chance Remnant Review, volume VI, No. 16, of ical reductions, further qualitative limits, to control nuclear weapons that threaten the August 17, 1979. I have been trying ~or and resolution of the issues in the protocol. survival of our nation and the world. If we several years now to call to the attention Also, so-called "grey-area" systems are cer­ wait another five years, we could see the tain to be a major topic of discussion, and cumulative development of military technol­ of my colleagues the emerging strategic they will necessitate the most intense con­ ogy that could exceed our ability to control superiority on the part of the Soviet sultation with our NATO allies, United it. SALT will not end the threat of nuclear Union and the political, diplomatic, and States nuclear weapons in Europe have been wa.r with a single stroke of the pen, but it is economic hegemony that this superiority outside the purview of SALT so far. But a vital step in the direction that national would supply the Soviets around the there now appears to be genuine interest in security and survival require. The cold, hard globe. Of all the statements that have trying to obtain limits on Soviet theatre nu­ fact of life in the nuclear age is that we have been written about this topic, the Rem­ clear weapons, in exchange for correspond­ no other practical choice.e ing limits on our side. nant Review's discussion of this prob­ NATO is currently conducting an in-depth lem is as good as can be found any­ review of theatre nuclear force modernisa­ where. The article explains how Soviet tion and arms control. A process of consul­ IF THERE'S A CRISIS, AMERICA'S military superiority can be exploited to tation on these issues is already underway YOUTH WILL RESPOND advance Soviet domination of world af­ and wm continue. I think that none of us fairs and check the U.S. ability to pro­ wish to see a SALT agreement succeeded by tect its vital interests. unchecked theatre nuclear competition. And HON'. JOHN F. SEIBERLING Copies of this article can be obtained I think we all realise the serious implica­ by writing to Remnant Review, 713 West tions of an unbounded nuclear arms race in OF OHIO Europe. Such a race could be particularly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Comwallis Rd., Suite 100, Durham, N.C. destab111sing, given the short distance be­ 27707. tween opposing forces. Moreover, public sup­ Wednesday, December 12, 1979 THE DANGER Is DEFEAT, NOT DESTRUCTION port for significant modernisation of NATO e Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, a (You are about to read the most startling theatre nuclear forces may require corre­ short time ago the House rejected a pro­ issue of Remnant Review ever published. In sponding moves in the direction of theatre vision in the fiscal year 1980 defense pro­ five years, I think it will be regarded as the nuclear arms control. curement bill which sought to require most important issue ever published. I did OTHER ARMS CONTROL EFFORTS the President to resume registering not write it. The man who wrote it agreed Arms control consists of more than SALT. to take the assignment only on the condi­ young men for the draft. I opposed the tion that he remain anonymous. This 1B SALT will not guarantee success in other provision on the grounds that registra­ necessary in order to protect his career, since arms control efforts. But without SALT, other tion was unnecessary, and represented a he is presently employed in a most sensitive efforts will wither. In speaking of the impor­ position in Washingron, and he does not tant mutual and balanced farce reduction serious invasion of privacy in the ab­ sence of the utmost threat to our na­ need the added publiclity. I am putting my (MBFR) negotiations. Chancellor Helmut reputation on the line by publishing thia Schmidt said it very clearly: tional security. Proponents of registra­ report, and I assure you that I would not I do not believe MBFR can be successful if tion have recently made much of the SALT II falls. risk my reputation if I were not convinced fact that the all-volunteer force has had that the man is reliable. I have known him Progress has been made in the anti-satel­ some trouble meeting all of its recruiting for many years. He is a scholar. He holds the lite negotiations. A ban on anti-satellite ca­ quotas. It was my contention during the Ph. D. in political science, and he has pub­ pabilities would be a most important but­ debate on draft registration that, in the lished in prestigious journals. tress for strategic stablllty. (He is regarded as one of the most informed We also intend to continue to work with face of a genuine national emergency, young Americans would respond today conservatives in the field of European pol­ the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union itics. He now devotes his skills full time to to complete preparation of a comprehensive as they have in the past by volunteering studying Soviet m111tary strategy. He is no nuclear test ban treaty as soon as possible. for military service in order to protect crackpot. If his analysis proves correct, then In these test ban negotiations, the Soviets our country. most of the so-called experts in Soviet have been forthcoming by agreeing in p.rin­ studies will be regarded as the true crack­ ciple to accept special means of vertification I came across a small news item in the November 29 edition of the New York pots. The shocking fact is that all of the based on the territory of the parties. This is information presented in this report 1s based an important breakthrough, an opportunity Times which I wanted to make sure was on publicly available documents. My first that we should not allow to slip by. brought to the attention of my col­ reaction, three months ago, was simple: But all of the arms control efforts in which leagues in the House. The Times reports "Why haven't I seen any of this in print in we are engaged-apart from SALT-I am that Marine Corps enlistments in Con­ any of the conservative journals, let alone most concerned about nuclear non-prolif­ eration. necticut and westem Massachusetts are the regular news media?" I can almost guar­ up by more than 50 percent over Novem­ antee you that this will be your response, No threat to our common security better too. But having seen the light--or more illustrates the importance of cooperation ber 1978. According to a Marine Corps official, the increase in enlistments is at­ properly, the fiash-I have decided to take than the danger posed by the possible spread action. of nuclear weapons. We and the Soviet Union, tributable to the crisis in Iran. While (I will be moving out of Durham before together with other nations, are working on this may be an isolated incident, I the end of the year. Durham is too vulner­ this danger. As a former strategist for the suspect it is not. In any case, it is a good able, not to Soviet missiles, but to the emer­ Joint Chiefs of Staff, I can think of no night­ indication of what we can expect from gency regulations that the Federal govern­ mare for our security worse than a world of our young people if we need them. The ment plans to impose immediately after a 10 or 15 or 25 nuclear powers. Circumstances full text of the article is as follows: nuclear attack. I outline these in chapters could drag us unwillingly into a conflagra­ 5 and 6 of my book, How You Can Profit tion. Furthermore, as these weapons spread CRISIS IN IRAN Is RAISING ENLISTMENTS IN From the Coming Price Controls. Another into more hands, we could suffer an attack MARINES step I am taking is to publish this without and not even know from where the blow had HARTFORD, November 28.-A Marine Corps the protection of copyright. Please feel free come. official says the Iranian hostage crisis has to reproduce it in any form. I will follow up In closing, I want to return to the most raised November enlistments in Connecticut on this report in the next issue of Remnant urgent imperative of all-reducing the threat and western Massachusetts by more than 50 Review. I will offer a comprehensive strategy of nuclear war. As we argue over details, we percent over November of last year. of personal defense against the events that often forget why we have built our strategic "There's kind of a patriotic atmosphere in this report warns about. I assure you that forces, and why we are negotiating with the both Connecticut and western Massachu­ the next issue will be fully copyrighted!­ Soviet Union. A common necessity binds the setts", said Maj. David Andriacco.e Gary North) December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35725

If the Soviet Union were to inflict a nuclear straying enemy weapons, and have not at­ for Soviet and American missiles are from first strike upon the United States, well over tempted to design plans which might allow Jane's Weapon Systems, 1978-79.) The SS- 90 percent of the American people would read the U.S. to survive a nuclear war, the men in 18's alone can go a lotrg way toward disal"m­ about the attack in their newspapers, or hear charge of the Soviet military establishment ing the United States. about it on radio or TV. Only a small per­ have never wavered from the view that wars The Soviet Union either has deployed or is centage o! Americans would see, hear, or feel have winners and losers and that the job of now deploying 500 SS-17's and SS-19's. These any effects of the attack, and considerably the Soviet military is to protect the Soviet missiles carry four and six warheads respec­ less than one percent o! us would become Union by smashing the enemy's weapons. tively. Though not quite so accurate as the casualties. This is not wishful thinking, but Thus while American policies have aimed 18's, these twenty-five hune HON. CHARLES F. DOUGHERTY to manipulate the media. He in effect has missiles. With that gone, the Soviet Union OF PENNSYLVANIA convicted the Shah in the minds of great would lose a large part of the military in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES numbers of Americans, as well as people centive for a first strike. Wednesday, December 12, 1979 throughout the world." Second, the President would order the Nixon can never resist a chance to get in abolition of the system by which the U.S. e Mr. DOUGHERTY. Mr. Speaker, on a lick at the press. About the Shah's fallen has acquired weapons since 1963. Before December 28, 1979, Mr. and Mrs. Harold reputation, Nixon is dead right, but not sim­ 1963 it took about six years to translate an L. Daniels, dedicated Peace Corps work­ ply because Khomeini manipulated the press: idea into a weapons system. Now it takes ers, will celebrate their 50th wedding the Ayatullah has been able to take noisy about fifteen years. This system has re­ in advantage of a bizarre news brownout, a duced the U.S. armed forces to one of the anniversary Suva, Fiji Islands. These month of "self-restraint" unparalleled in worst-equipped forces in the world. If we two Americans deserve special recogni­ American life. Johnny Carson confesses on proceed as we have been, the MX missile, tion from our Government and from the TV that he is having a harder time with his our first counterforce weapon, won't be fully Peace Corps upon the occasion of this opening monologues; Art Buchwald, who deployed until1990. anniversary. gets most of his humor columns out of topi­ That will be years after the Soviets w111 This outstanding couple, after retir­ cal events, hasn't done a single column about have achieved a counterforce capabil1ty ing from successful careers (Mrs. Dan­ Iran. Even presidential candidates have been against the U.S. 1990 is too late. With the biting their tongues about Iran, except for iels as a teacher and librarian and Mr. Connally's ea;rly macho outburst and Teddy WWII purchase system in effect, the U.S. Daniels as an oil company executive and could quickly build a mobile heavy missile, Kennedy's intemperate denunciation of the capable of taking out enemy silos. If we went businessman) , began a new career of Shah. In this distorted situation, nightly about it on a crash basis, we could have service with the Peace Corps. For 7 years television news has done the poorest job o! the missile moving on American roads by they have served in Liberia, Venezuela, balancing its coverage. 1983. Even more quickly, the U.S. could Honduras, and now are located in Fiji. With their appetite for visual excitement, change the warheads on the Poseidon-re­ Miss L. Grace Loftain and Harold L. newscasts often open with the latest rant ducing their number, and making them ac­ Daniels were married in Baltimore, Md., from the cross-legged Ayatullah, then move curate weapon killers instead of terror to shots of Death-to-the-Shah street crowds, on December 28, 1929. They are the par­ who by now economically wave their fists bombs. ents of Mrs. Frederick W. Anton Ill, of A mere 1200 big, accurate warheads aboard most fervently when they see the camera's our submarines would do more to defend my district. Mr. and Mrs. Daniels will red light upon them. Next the "students" probably not be with their relatives and appear, enjoying the dream of every terrorist us than the 5000+ little, inaccurate ones we and airplane hijacker: to have television now have. Once these weapons were in hand, friends for their golden wedding anni­ versary because of their assignment with cameramen vying to record their loudest our targeting strategy could stop aiming at threats and wildest allegations. This has usu­ producing dead Russians, and could begin the Peace Corps. ally been balanced, if at all, by a brief low­ to concern itself with protecting Americans. Mr. Speaker, on this momentous occa­ key response from the State Department With the weapons we have in 1979, even a sion we offer to Mr. and Mrs. Daniels spokesman, and by the infrequent appearance massive change in American targeting doc­ our congratulations and our grateful of an unimpressive publicity man for the trine could not hope to reduce the threat thanks for long lives of service to our Shah. Anchormen and their producers are t o the U.S. We simply need new weapons. Nation.• generally scrupulous about presenting "the 35728 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979

other side" of any story, but they do not about events in, and :policies toward In the meantime, the Government of Aus­ consider it their business to generate one. Zimbabwe-Rhodesia. It is particularly tralia has agreed to a plan to lift sanctions That, to them, would be new manipulation. when a.n all-parties settlement has been On any lively issue they expect counterargu­ useful, as the House approaches another freely agreed upon and British authority ments to surface nonnally in the news and vote on the question of sanctions. has been reestabllshed in Zimbabwe Rho­ just this has been missing in the news' pro­ Therefore, I commend this statement desia. grams from which most Americans get their to my colleagues: My resolution merely expresses the sense information, under the brownout of self-re­ STATEMENT OF HON. WILLIAM F. GoODLING of Congress that the United States position straint. Mr. Chairman, members of the Subcom­ should express our support a.nd confidence The Shah has been the real loser. While for the British eifort by more closely paral­ hostages are in jeopardy, the only minide­ mittee, distinguished witnesses, there has de­ veloped over the past few weeks a. significant leling the British and Australian position on bate that has been allowed to erupt publicly lifting sanctions.e is over who-let-the-Shah-ln. When Carter's and varied Congressional response to Execu­ foreign policy again becomes fair game for tive pronouncements of November 14 relat­ partisan attack, it is doubtful that the ing to economic sanctions against Zimbabwe strengths of the Shah's regime can ever be RJhodesia. I am very pleased that this hearing asserted as full-throatedly as before. Those has been called to address this issue, al­ CHARTER 77 AND CZECHOSLOVAK­ televised sweeping panoramas of massed Ira­ though I a.m disappointed that my personal IAN FREEDOM nians seem to dispute whatever public sup­ attendance is not possible. port the Shah once had. The Shah's secret As I believe you are aware, I was joined by police may not have tortured so widely or twelve other members of the House in intro­ HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN ducing a concurrent resolution which would viciously as the Ayatullah's propagandists OF CALIFORNIA urge the President to terminate U.S. sanctions claim, but at least some torture seems to be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conceded. How many mill1ons of dollars the against Zimbabwe Rhodesia with the appoint­ Shah and his family got away with-those ment of a. British Governor and his arrival in Wednesday, December 12, 1979 Salisbury. A total of thirty-six members of "umpteen billions," in Kennedy's phrase-­ • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, today, as amounts to a quarrel about numbers. the House have now cosponsored this legisla­ Khomenini did not create U.S. television's tion which seeks a clear a.nd a.ppropriate the United States and the values of West­ imbalance between self-restraint and rant stance for tihe U.S. Government. ern civilization, for which so many have but he has profited from it. Once he seemed Since the demise of the joint Anglo-Ameri­ sacrificed so much, are being assaulted can plan, the United States has left there­ by modern-day barbarians masquerad­ bent on expelling all foreign correspondents, sponsib111ty of mediation between the warring but now more than 200 of them are "persona parties tn Zimbabwe Rhodesia. in the capable ing as idealists, it would be well to recall grats." in a land where American diplomats hands of the British. This is consistent with events which convey this urgent mes­ are not. Journalists walk the streets of Teh­ P.L. 96-60, Sec. 408, approved by the President sage: "History does repeat itself." ran encountering little host111ty despite Iran on August 15, 1979, which specifically recog­ Recent events in Czechoslovakia sound radio's constant and strident ~ti-American nizes that the Government of Great Britain that warning loudly and clearly. At the propaganda. In their on-the-air questioning retains responsib111ty for Zimbabwe Rhodesia of the student mil1tants, however, they too close of the Second World War, Czecho­ u.nder internatlona.l law. It is consistent with slovakia was the most industrialized, seem inhibited by the fear of jeopardizing positions stated-and restated-by the Presi­ the hostages. When Khomeini gives televised dent, a.nd it is consistent with Great Britain's prosperous, highly educated and demo­ interviews, he chooses which submitted ques­ hi&torical role in Zimbabwe Rhodesia. cratic state in Eastern and Central tions he will deign to answer and allows no The President, on November 14, took the Europe. Yet, by 1948, the Communist follow-ups. His advisers are smart enough Party was able to carry out a "coup about American public opinion to recognize position that the United States wm main­ that a star like CBS's Mike Wallace deserves tain sanctions a.ga.inst an Interim British d'etat," destroying prospects for a de­ three times as much interview time as the governmental authority, agreed to by Great mocracy and establishing a cruel and two other networks, and to conclude that Britain and the Zimbabwe Rhodesian parties despotic dictatorship. How did this na­ public television rates fourth. at the London conference, until some vague tion fall prey to Communist enslave­ conditions--in addition to the assumption ment? The answer to this question is an With such advantages, the Imam who re­ of authority by the British Governor--are jects modernity needs no flying carpet to met regarding the commencement of the answer we ought to remember today, as speed his message round the world. Televi­ new election process. The Administration's we face the growing military might of the sion's latest technology, a.nd the unaccus­ statements gave no indication of what spe­ soviet Union and the increasingly mili­ tomed restraint of the press, does it for him.e cific steps must be accomplished to meet tant and barbaric tactics of those whom this additional condition of demonstrating it encourages overtly or covertly to fur­ that a "process leading to impartial elections ther its goal of world domination. has begun." It is questionable that this In 1948, the leaders of Czechoslovakia, CONGRESSMAN GOODLING ON policy is supportive of Great Britain's role :liMBABWE-RHODESIA a.nd responsibility in Zimbabwe Rhodesia.. honorable, decent men who believed in More recently, the President ha.s again democracy, believed that their Commu­ nist adversaries could be satisfied if giv­ 1 altered his position on this issue. In a De­ HON • PAUL FINDLEY cember 3 letter to Senator Jesse Helms, Sec­ en a voice in that nation's affairs. They OF ILLINOIS retary of State Vance supports a legislative were mistaken-some of them fatally so. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proposal which wa.s later approved by the By small concessions to the Reds, under­ Senate Foreign Relations Committee. This stood as an alternative to attack by the Wednesday, December 12, 1979 proposal "would require the President to Red Army, and obviously to be preferred • Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I would terminate sanctions either (a) after the ar­ to such an attack, they weakened their rival of a British Governor, or (b) on Janu­ like to call the attention of my colleagues ary 31, 1980, whichever is earlier, unless the position. The cumulative effect, however, to the excellent statement on United President were to determine that it would was the surrender of Czechoslovakia to States policy toward Zimbabwe-Rhodesia not be in our national interest to do so" communism. Such is the bitter lesson for by the gentleman from Pennsylvania, (emphasis added) . In an earlier paragraph those charged with protecting the inter­ BILL GoODLING. As ranking minority of this letter to Senator Helms, the Secretary ests and security of our Nation. There are member of the Subcommittee on Africa also mentions the requirement of the be­ some people with whom compromise is of the Foreign Affairs Committee, BILL ginning of an "electoral process" in Zim­ impossible because to such people nego­ GooDLING is highly knowledgeable and lbabe Rhodesia.. tiation and compromise are merely the thoughtful on African affairs. He has The plan adopted by the British Govern­ means to achieve the goal of domina­ tak_en a particularly strong interest in ment ha.s no such provision. Frankly, I am tion-not arrangements which permit concerned about the possibllity that the Umted States policy toward Zimbabwe­ United States will continue sanctions harmonious existence between people Rh~esia and the question of sanctions against a transitional British Government with differing views. ag~nst that nation. Last month, in fact, in Zimbabwe Rhodesia., agreed upon by the Upon attaining total power in Czecho­ he mtro~uced a resolution which urges Zimbabwean parties to the conflict. That slovakia, by means with which we have the President to terminate United States would not only be inconsistent with the now become sadly familiar, the Com­ sanctions against Zimbabwe-Rhodesia spirit of U.S. statutory policy, but it may munists proceeded to consolidate their when the new British Governor to Zim­ also have a negative impact on the politlca.l, power by eliminating potential oppo- babwe-Rhodesia arrives in Salisbury. economic and psychological environment in which the British authorities w111 be imple­ nents by methods such as phony arrests BILL GooDLING's statement is impor­ menting a peaceful reconciliation within a of democratic leaders; disenfranchise­ tant reading for those who are concerned democratic framework. ment for the fiimsiest of reasons; count- December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35729 ing of ballots by Commnnist chairmen writers union for expressing support for people in East Europe the hope that finally "Charter 77." The London Times has the occupat ion power, the Soviet Union, of electoral commissions ; and elimina­ had shown itself willing to allow some free­ tion of the secret ballot. published accounts by "Charter 77" dom and that the western world got a legal A ray of hope for freedom was restored members detailing beatings and depriva­ base for criticism and sanctions, if human under the Dubcek regime. But the discov­ tion of medical care while in prison rights in East Europe wlll not be tolerated. ery of long-lost freedoms by the op­ awaiting a so-called trial before a kanga­ Groups to promote and monitor adherence pressed Czechoslovakian people was in­ roo Czechoslovakian court. to these principles were formed in Czecho­ tolerable to the tyrants in Moscow. We It is now 1979, and nothing in Czecho­ slovakia, as well as in the Soviet Union and all remember what came next. The divi­ slovakia has changed. There, it might as other countries of Eastern Europe. Charter sions of Soviet troops and the legions of well be 1949. The cold, hard fist of Com­ 77 emerged as a brave testimony and plea for the government of Czechoslovakia to im­ Soviet tanks brutally crushed the ger­ munist oppression is still tirelessly con­ plement the principles of Basket III of the minating freedom of the Czechoslovak­ ducting its inexorable campaign to in­ Helsinki Agreemnt. ian people. The new puppet leadership timidate and silence those brave Czechs The moral qualities and bravery of all im­ of Czechosolvakia, whose loyalties to in whom the unending and unquench­ prisoned Charter 77 signatories are exem­ Moscow and to the preservation of a bru­ able human desire for freedom still plary. Writer Vaclav Havel rejected in jail tal Communist dictatorship far exceeded burns. I would like to introduce into the the government offer to leave Czechoslovakia their loyalty to the Czechoslovakian peo­ RECORD an account by Dr. George Breber, and instead decided to face the trial to­ ple, found it necessary to "purge" and of the Thomas G. Masaryk Branch of gether with the others. the Czechoslovak National Council of The movement is not without its martyrs. "cleanse" the "infected" body politic Let no one forget the death of Professor Jan which had been subverted by the rein­ America, regarding the latest phony Patocka. He died of a stroke after repeated troduction of democratic institutions to trial of "Charter 77" members and of brutal interrogations. The cases of harass­ Czechoslovakia. This purge of 70 percent current condition of that admirable or­ ment, beating, and arrests of Charter 77 sig­ of former officers of trade nnions, stu­ ganization. I would also like to introduce natories are very frequent. Many leading dent associations, agricultural organiza­ an excellent legal analysis of the trials human rights activists were attacked by un­ tions; 40 percent of journalists and econ­ by Attorney Gordon Wright of Edmon­ known assailants in Prague. These types of omists and 1,200 professors and teachers ton, Canada. It is a devastating revela­ incidents are never properly investigated and removed all potential opposition. The tion of Communist "justice." it is obvious that these acts were admin­ istered by the secret police. judiciary did not escape; it was made an We in the United States who so often Despite these terror tactics used by the appendage to the new puppet regime, be­ take our freedom for granted have an Czechoslovak government against human cause, writes Walter Dushnyck: obligation to remember those who are not rights supporters, Charter 77 has now over .. . so as to be able to carry out the so fortunate and who look to this Na­ one thousand signatories and 250 citizens "socialist legality" through newly appointed tion and its ideals as their salvation from who signed the letter addressed to Czecho­ judges who are totally subservient to the Communist bondage. slovak President Husak not only requested regime. The items follow: the release of all political prisoners, but made a solemn promise to bring the Charter TRIAL OF CHARTER 77 MEMBERS IN PRAGUE As a result, Mr. Dushnyck wrote: 77 to life again. No one can say how many hundreds of (By Dr. George Breber) It is apparent that human rights advocacy persons were sentenced to prison for "sub­ A trial with six human rights activists is considered a crime by the authorities in versive activities and incitement" against the was finished in Czechoslovakia last Tuesday, czechoslovakia. It is also apparent that the socialist order. Thousands of people have October 23 . The six defendants were among Prague government has no intention of hon­ lost their jobs without having been sen­ ten persons arrested in early morning police oring its obligations made at the 1975 Hel­ tenced by the courts; and without recourse raids on May 29, 1979. All ten have been in sinki Conference on Security and Coopera­ to courts, writers have been deprived by jail since their arrest and no trial date has tion in Europe. their regime of the right to publish, artists been announced for the others. Several Brezhnev's tanks demonstrated in Prague to create, actors to act, and young people to Charter 77 movement members were arrested in 1968 no regard or respect for interna­ study. Former members of the Academy of in recent weeks. tional rights and justice. The liberal move­ Sciences or university professors have often The six defendants were: ment, the Prague Spring 1968, was crushed been seen selling lottery tickets, or loading Vaclav Havel, 43, very successful, world under the threads of Soviet tanks. Can we or unloading construction material. reknown playwright (banned in Czechoslo­ trust in the questionable SALT II and the vakia) , and a former Charter 77 spokesman; other treaties with Communists when they It must be pointed out that, contrary Dr. Vaclav Benda, 33, philosopher and physi­ violate so many international pacts and to the claims of some in our media and cist; Jiri Dienstbier, 44, journalist; Dana even their own constitutions and laws? The in the political establishment, Commu­ Nemcova, 45, leader of a Roman Catholic Final Act of Helsinki explicitly states the nism does not mellow. Eleven years after dissident faction and mother of seven chil­ right of all signatories to watch over its the destruction of Czechoslovakia's ren­ dren; (Mrs.) Otka Bednarova, 54, a former implementation, including in other coun­ aissance of freedom, and 31 years after journalist; Peter Uhl, 38, engineer, son-in­ tries. The United Sta.tes punished several closing the "Iron Curtain" around law of Doc. Dr. Jaroslav Sabata, the impris­ governments by economic embargo for the oned former Communist Party secretary violation of human rights. Does the United Czechoslovakia's borders, that nation is States have the courage to use the same still occupied by five Soviet Army divi­ from the Dubcek liberal era. All defendants were also members of the stick against the Soviet imposed regime in sions. R. C. Longworth, of the Chicago Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Czechoslovakia? Tribune, writes that the Husak regime: Persecuted. . .. has liberalized almost nothing. All the These people were not demonstrators, THE TRIAL OF UHL ET ALll freedoms of speech, travel, protest-remain guerrlllas or criminals. They only criticized (By Gordon Wright) controlled. Ten years after the Prague Spring, the Prague Communist regime for violating Analysing the matter from the point of Czechoslovakia ranks with ... the most dog­ the Czechoslovak constitution and Czecho­ view of a common lawyer one would have to matic of the Soviet bloc countries. slovak laws. All the arrested were facing the say: At the time of the signing of the Hel­ charge of subversion and were sentenced to (1) The indictment is defective on its imprisonment from 2 to 5 years. face viz. the details given of the charge do sinki agreement, hopes were raised that, That trial was the first major show trial not constitute the offense charged. at last, individual freedoms would be pro­ since the Stalin's era of the 1950s, when the Section 98 makes "subversive activity" an tected. But the Communists, as usual, Czech leading patriots and democrats, as offense. If that phrase is to be construed to are simply not following the terms of a (Mrs.) Dr. Milada Horakova, M.P ., Gen. Hell­ be consistent with Art. 19 (freedom of ex­ treaty which they do not like. odor Pika and many others were sentenced pression and the right to propagate free A courageous group of Czechoslovaki­ to death and executed. It also was the first expression by any means) of Pact I of the ans formed a group which has become time that Czechoslovak citizens faced prison Helsinki Accord (which has been part of terms as a direct result of the Charter 77 Czech domestic law since 23 Mar. 1976- know as "Charter 77," to monitor the activities. Previously, the authorities have see collection of Laws No. 120 of 13 Oct. Husak regime's compliance with the Hel­ masked political repression under the rubric 1976) it cannot extend merely to the dis­ sinki agreement. Not surprisingly, those of currency regulations or "crimes" against semination of written material. Whatever brave individuals who express support of, socialism. was the case before Mar. of 1976, after that or join, "Charter 77" have been pun­ The dissent movement in Czechoslovakia. month it is clear that "subversive activity" ished by the Husak government. In 1977, was encouraged by the signing of the Hel­ needs something more than words e.g. ter­ 350 writers were expelled from the state sinki Final Act of 1975. This document gave rorist acts, or a conspiracy to commit such CXXV--2246-P.a.rt 27 35730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979 acts. So since the offence charged is only there wu little or no consideration of the than 6 hours per day, at the outside, at his the dissemination of material or ideas, the evidence before the judgment was given so best. And this probably goes for the judges charge is defective on its face. far as we are able to judge. The judgment as well. (2) Neither the indictment nor the evi­ did not review the evidence and its impli­ (g) Record of proceedings. No record 1s dence set out what it was about VONS that cation or otherwise if each prisoner demon­ available. The record of the Slansky trials, made it "anti-state." The indictment sim­ strated, as one would expect. The judge even, were available, and publlshed, at the ply said that, the evidence assumed it and simply read the first page of the indictment, time. But not this one. Moreover there ls no the lawyers didn't question it; though the said it was proved and passed to the sen­ record in our sense a verbatim record. There accused did. The indictment simply as­ tences. is only what is called the protocol. Argu­ sumed that proposition in the 2nd line, and (b) At the preliminary inquiry stage the ment ensues as to what goes in it, and the then passed on to the methods of propaga­ names of the accused were published, con­ judge rules. But there is no record of the tion, and commentary on the contents, all trary to the Penal Code. argument. This may be most expectant. of which is irrelevant if the activities were (c) The public was excluded from the Thus Bednarova, speaking to the lack of legal in the first place. trial. The trial was intentionally held in a the intent required by Section 98's opening (3) There was never a.ny proof that the small court room, the same one the previous words, tried to say she was drawn into the defendants acted "out of host1Uty to the trials have been held in (No. 81) with room VONS work because she did not wish to see socialist, social and government system of for only about 18 persons other than court a repetition of the trials of the 50's of which the Republic", or for that matter, any of ofticials, the accused, their counsel, and the she had had personal experience. She was them, though strictly it should be all of judges. There were 10 or 11 relatives present. told to move on to something relevant. She those or nothing. On the contrary all 6 ac­ But despite the th

Integrated circuits.-lndexes of weighted average unit prices of selected types of integrated circuits produced by U.S. firms, by quarter, 1977 and 1978

[January-March 1977 = 100.0)

Digital Digital MOS circuits linear bipolar Digital Digital MOS circuits Linear bipolar Period circuits circuits 4K RAM Other MOS Period circuits circuits 4K RAM Other MOS 1977: 1978: 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 January-March ______------78.7 67.7 62.5 ia;r~I~J~~~~c~---~======101.2 102.8 April-June ______----- 68.9 July-September ______------88.9 88.8 74.2 59. 2 57.1 61.8 89. 6 83.7 80.2 88.2 July-September_------______October-December_------87.5 88.8 49.7 53.9 45.8 76.1 77.8 79.4 October-December ______72.1 53.1 39.9 41.5

Source : Compiled from data submitted in responses to questionna ires of the U.S. International Trade Commission. Further, the learning curve graph from The significance of the foreign challenge needed to advance from the current product page 20 of the Report shows that U.S. manu­ to the U.S. semiconductor industry is best stage to the next will be unavailable if facturers continually reduce their prices to understood in the context of the rapid pace the benefit of the consumer: earnings needed by U.S. firms to fund R&D of technological advances and product de­ are dissipated because of price-cutting tac­ Artificial Japanese pricing below the velopment which occurs in the semiconduc­ tics of foreign enterprises. Now is the time to normal learning curve price decline tends tor industry. Unlike products manufactured anticipate the foreign threat to those high to injure the U.S. industry. Such artificial by the steel industry, which have long life technology industries, and now is the time pricing is now occurring in the 16K RAM cycles, today's semiconductor products may for our government to act. market, as Chuck Harwood will explain in be obsolete tomorrow. This short product The Japanese criticize the United States his testimony. The point, Mr. Chairman, is life of semiconductor products makes it very because trade policy has been reactive, not that even in absence of Japanese competi­ important that our industry continue the anticipatory. Historically, the United States tion, the U.S. industry is highly competitive. research necessary to develop new genera­ has protected our mature industries, such With historical price declines of 30 percent a tions of products. Evolution from one prod­ as textiles and footwear, from unfair trade year, our industry is obviously anti-infla­ uct stage to the next must be maintained tionary. practices, but we only act after injury is for vta.b111ty of the industry. The technology severe. As a result, once proud U.S industries December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35735 were injured by foreign targeting practices. lion over three to five years through 1981." forces. Confl.icts between blacks and whites That policy must change if our high tech­ ITC Report p. 75. In Britain, for example, one are being used as a cover for installation of nology industries are to survive. Unlike a semiconductor company-which is perhaps pro-Soviet dictatorships in Rhodesia, Na­ steel mill, a semiconductor plant can't be the strongest potential competitor for U.S.­ mibia and the Republic of South Africa. closed for a year or more and expect to be based firms-is entirely owned by the state. Simultaneously, Soviet influence is being competitive when it reopens. Its talented Report, pp. 38, 76. This company, "Inmos," established in the whole African continent scientists and engineers will be gone, the which is using British government funds to and in the Middle East. The majority of technology will have advanced and a new build a plant in Colorado Springs, Colorado, African dictatorial regimes already support generation of products will have been in­ is currently claiming in trade press adver­ the policy of the U.S.S.R., including the So­ troduced. tisements in the United States that "we're viet-inspired anti-Western resolutions in the Mr. Chairman, the U.S. semiconductor in­ going to build a. great company." With the international organizations. Seizure of con­ dustry stands exposed to the same Japanese support of the British Treasury, Inmos may trol over southern Africa is especially impor­ target industry strategy which decimated well achieve its goai.e tant for the Soviet leaders because of the the U.S. color TV and steel industries. These unique mineral resources of this region. targeting practices have also burdened Unit­ South African reserves as a percentage of ed States commerce in a number of other non-communist world reserves in 1975 1 industries. The successes of the other Japa­ THE THREAT O'F SOVIET POLICY were: platinum, 99; vanadium, 96; diamonds, nese target industry strategies are well doc­ IN SOUTHERN AFRICA 92; chrome ore, 84; manganese ore, 83; gold, umented by the recent Report by the General 61; fluorspar, 50; titanium, 40; uranium, 30. Accounting Office on U.S.-Japan Trade Prob­ Up to now southern Africa has been eco­ lems. • As we all know, very little has been nomically, politically and spiritually con­ done by our government to prevent the HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN nected with the Western democracies. It is Japanese threats to our industries from be­ OF MARYLAND still a tremendous asset of the Western civil­ coming harsh realities. Quite frankly, Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ization. However, during the period of "de­ Chairman, we feel that it is time our trading tente", when liberal and social-democratic partners quit pushing U.S. industries around. Wednesday, December 12, 1979 governments of the West surrendered Indo­ The present foreign challenge to our tech­ o Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, Soviet ex­ china, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, nological leadership is not on "even terms " Cape Verde, Et hiopia, South Yemen, Af­ pansion in southern Africa may seem a ghanistan, Iran and some other countries to but is led by foreign enterprises which a;e remote problem to many, because it oc­ largely state-owned or state-directed or, at pro-Soviet and anti-Western dictators, the the very least, receive significant and con­ curs out of sight of the United States same Western governments tried to isolate tinuing financial support from foreign gov­ and involves a series of events which, South Africa and Rhodesia. They even gave ernments. The foreign enterprises do not rely each and of themselves, do not seem to and stm give diplomatic support to pro­ on innovative genius or market superiority threaten our security. The fact is that Soviet terrorist organizations-the "Patriotic but, in addition to direct and indirect fund­ Soviet influence in that part of the world Front" of Zimbabwe and SWAPO. ing from their national governments, fre­ is a severe threat to us, and American The decision to begin an offensive for the quently operate in a protected home market. apathy toward events in that region will conquest of southern Africa was taken by Current commercially oriented semiconduc­ surely cost us dearly in the future. the Politburo of the Communist Party of tor delvelopment projects financed by foreign the Soviet Union near the end of the 1960's. governments aggregate approximately $1.6 An analysis of Soviet activity in south­ The then National Chairman of the Com­ billion. ITC Report, p. 75. This massive gov­ ern Africa should lead one to see the munist Party of South Africa, John Marx, as ernmental funding indicates the magnitude clear pattern of Soviet intentions. If one well as some pro-Soviet terrorists from of the challenge confronting the U.S. semi­ doubts what his own conclusions tell him, Rhodesia, were summoned to Moscow. I par­ conductor industry and the unique trade though, one need only read the following ticipated in negotiations with them. The problems presented. · analysis by someone who definitely knows negotiations with the terrorists (who are We have, Mr. Chairman, a clash of eco­ what the Kremlin dictatorship is up to. called the "Patriotic Front" of Zimbabwe) nomic philosophies: our free market com­ He is Dr. Igor S. Glagolev, a Soviet citizen began at the Soviet Peace Committee and panies-including many small, highly in­ continued at the Central Committee of the novative firms-are confronted by major for.­ who was a member of Moscow's advisory CPSU in 1968. The terrorists asked and re­ eign enterprises which have a pipeline to team on SALT matters and who saw ceived Soviet arms and money. Later, Marx their respective national treasuries and firsthand what the Soviets are up to. His attended a special conference organized by which coordinate research in ways that would report should leave no doubt as to the the Central Committee of the party and re­ violate our antitrust laws. danger we face if we allow the Soviet ceived Soviet instructions. His headquarters The structural advantages of these foreign Union to have free rein in what is with­ were ln London and he was already con­ state-supported enterprises have been lever­ out doubt one of the most strategically trolled by the Soviet Politburo. The present aged even further by unfair trade practices National Chairman of the Communist Party important parts of the world for the of South Africa, Usef Dadu, has also been designed to capture a slice of our market, United States. resulting in a clear-cut threat to the u.s. controlled by the Soviet leadership for a long industry. Economic theory (and practice} SOVIET POLICY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA time. He attended international conferences demonstrates that it is not enough for the (By Dr. Igor S. Glagolev• } of communist parties in Moscow in 1960 foreign government-funded scientists to close Seizure of control over the southern part of and 1969. He is one of the authors of the the semiconductor technology gap. The for­ the African continent is the most important present program of the Communist Party eign government successes must reach beyond and immediate aim of the present Soviet of South Africa which openly stipulates de­ the laboratory and into the commercial mar­ leadership. The Soviet expansion in Africa struction of the structure of the South Afri­ ketplace, as widespread commercial accept­ developed in several stages. First, using the can society. In September, 1979, Dadu was ance is necessary to assure a fi.rm grip on confl.ict between the Arab countries and Is­ awarded the Soviet order of "Friendship of each successive generation of products. Thus, rael, the Soviet government established its Peoples". each instance of national funding of re­ influence over several Arab states. Then, us­ The Soviet leadership controls through search and development efforts w111 be fol­ ing the tribal confl.ict in Nigeria, the U.S.S.R. him not only the South African Communist lowed by efforts to sell the developed prod­ began to influence Nigerian dictators for its Party but the African National Congress ucts, and the principal market for these own purposes. In the middle of the present and the South African Indian Congress as products is the United States. "The sophis­ decade, by taking advantage of the anti­ well. Dadu is president of the South African ticated U.S. microelectronic market," Mr. Portugal movement, the Soviet leadership Indian Congress and vice-chairman of the Stanley Nehme.r testified before the ITC on has established its control over the former Revolutionary Council of the African Na­ behalf of the SIA, "remains the initial prov­ Portugal colonies in Africa. The goal of the tional Congress.2 ing ground for the most advanced generation present, final stage is the elimination of the The Soviet leaders and their local agents of products. . . ." Unquestionably, as Mr. democratic development in the southern part used the territory of Angola and Mozambique Nehmer concluded, "firms enjoying an estab­ of the African continent by means of sub­ as a base for terrorist actions in Rhodesia lished share of the U.S. market for existing version and military invasion by pro-Soviet and South Africa even before pro-Soviet dic­ products . .. will hold a large advantage." tators Agostinho Neto and Samora Machel Many of the major developed countries­ • Until his defection in October 1976, Dr. came to power in the former Portuguese Britain, Ge.rmany, France and Japan-are Glagolev was a Senior Member of the Insti­ colonies. The offensive against Rhodesia and directly subsidizing or directly investing in tute of History of the U.S.S.R. (Academy of South Africa. quickly grew in intensity after their semiconductor industries with total Sciences of the U.S.S.R.}. He was also an ad­ their dictatorship was established. In order subsidies as the ITC has found, "of $1.6 bil- visor on foreign affairs and SALT to the Central Committee of the Communist Party 1 The Southern Oceans and the Security of *Report by the General Accounting Office of the Soviet Union, as well as a. consultant the Free World, Ed. by P. Wall, London, 1977, "United States-Japan Trade: Issues and to the Politburo of the Soviet Communist p . 228. Problems," September 21, 1979. Party. ~ Pravda , Sept. 5, 1979. 35736 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 1979 to terrorize the population and stop the N. Podgorny, who was then chairman of for a major increase of Soviet reserves of development of Rhodesia and South Africa the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, went hard currency and for a more e1fect1ve ex­ towa.rds full democracy, more and more along with the policy of the aggressive group pansion of Soviet control in Africa, Asia civilians in these countries were kUled by of the Politburo and started Its implemen­ and Latin America. the Soviet-controlled forces. tation. He went on omcial visits to Tanzania, The Western powers could radically One of the most important KGB agents, Zambia and Mozambique. There, on behalf change their policy from their present help V. Solodovnikov, who in the first half of tihe of the Soviet government, Podgorny con­ to pro-Soviet terrorists to help for the 1970's was director of the Institute of Africa cluded mutual agreements with the govern­ elected governments of southern Africa. ThiS in Moscow, was subsequently appointed So­ ments of respective countries concerning change has already begun, but It is still very viet Ambassador in Zambia to organize an liquidation by mUitary means of the present slow. If a conservative president is elected invasion of the terrorists headed by J. Nkomo socio-political-economic system in Zim­ In the United States in 1980, the change into Rhodesia. babwe-Rhodesia, Namibia and the Republic should become more pronounced.• In general, the Institute of Africa is the of South Africa. The "Patriotic Front of brain trust of the Soviet o1fensive in Africa. Zimbabwe", SWAPO and the African Na.-. It is important to note this Institute began tional Congress were designated in the joint to consider invasion into southern Afrtca statements by the governments of the three GALLO BROTHERS as a major goal of Soviet foreign policy only aforementioned front-line states, on the one 1n the 1970's. In the 1960's it paid much less hand, and the Soviet Union, on the other, attention to this region. In 1976, however, a as the sole future rulers of Zimbabwe, Namib­ HON. TONY COELHO deputy director of the Institute, Yablochkov ia and South Africa. Creation of new inde­ OF CALIFORNIA announced (at a secret meeting of the Per­ pendent states in the region of South Africa manent Interagency Council on the Foreign was severely criticized. Similar agreements IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Policy of the U.S.S.R. and International Re­ were concluded in Moscow in 1977 between Wednesday, December 12, 1979 lations) that elimination of the Western the U.S.S.R. and Fidel Castro and between influence in southern Africa is the major Nigerian minister of foreign a1fa.irs Garbe. • Mr. COELHO. Mr. Speaker, I am sure task of the Soviet foreign policy. I was a and the Soviet government.3 my colleagues are familiar with the member of this Council and attended this During the recent years the Soviet press names of Ernest and Julio Gallo, two meeting. openly described organization of military men who are leaders in the production of The Lumumba University In Moscow plays forces in Mozambique, Zambia and Angola California wines. What my fellow mem­ an active '!'ole In the Soviet Infiltration of for invasion into Zimbabwe-Rhodesia and African countries. The majority of its stu­ bers may not be aware of, however, is the Namibia. It maintains this invasion has al­ fascinating story behind the rise of these dents are Africans who study at the expense ready begun and the invaders occupy major of the Soviet government. Only young peo­ parts of these countries.4. residents of Modesto, Calif. to the posi­ ple from influential and rich pro-Soviet and Even the Prime Minister of the U.S.S.R., tion of respect they hold in the wine anti-Western families are Invited to the uni­ A. Kosygin, who formerly belonged to the industry today. The wine industry 1s im­ versity. They study Marxism-Leninism and less aggressive group in the Politburo, de­ portant to our area, providing employ­ the Russian language and are trained to pro­ manded liquidation of the present social sys­ ment for many, and the Gallo brothers mote the interests of the Soviet leadership. tem not only in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia and have contributed greatly to the industry Many Nigerians and citizens of other African Namibia but also in the Republlc of South countries have graduated from the Lumumba and to the community. Africa during his visit to Ethiopia in Sep­ The following article appeared 1n the University. tember, 1979.s Not only terrorist groups The KGB often uses the World Peace headed by Nkomo and Muga.be, but also reg­ Modesto Bee newspaper, and I believe it Council for contacts with its African agents. ular military forces of the frontline states is well worth reading: rn the 1950's and 1960's some members of participate in aggressive actions in southern WORLD OF THE GALLO BROTHERS-YESTERDAY, this council, including myself, resisted this Africa. Soviet arms are constantly supplied TODAY AND TOMORROW practice. We tried to promote ideas of dis­ for these actions. There is a Soviet inspired (By Jerry D. Mead) armament with the help of this Council. plan, (published in the Western press). to From a makeshift winery in a rented ware­ The Central Committee of the Communist use Nigerian regular troops for occupation Party of the Soviet Union (which controls house In 1933, to the impressive structure of southern Africa under the pretext of paci­ that insiders affectionately refer to as "the the World Peace Council) in order to be fying this region. It must be noted the Syr­ more e1fect1ve decided to use it mainly for temple on the Tuolumne," and the largest ian troops occupied Lebanon, destroyed a winery in the world, is no short journey, but the promotion of the so-called wars of na­ considerable part of the country, and in­ tional liberation against pro-Western coun­ Ernest and Julio Gallo made It all seem al­ stalled a puppet regime there under the most simple. tries in the Third World. same pretext. The Central Committee of the CPSU also Flying into, or out of, Modesto, one })as a Inclusion of pro-Soviet terrorists into the commanding aerial view of the headquarters organizes regular indoctrination courses in governments of countries of southern Africa, the U.S.S.R. . for the leaders of foreign com­ of the Gallo empire. There are no signs to munist parties. and occupation of these countries by pro­ indicate that this is the home of E & J Gallo, Soviet forces, would lead to bloody civil Using illiteracy and racial preJudices, the and countless thousands no doubt pass by wars, political and possibly physic.a.lliquida­ without rea.llzing what they have seen. Soviet leadership has managed to influence tion of the present elected governments and a part of the population of African countries. To the casual observer, the huge buildings, parliaments of these countries, mass rob­ temperature controlled tanks reaching to the However, communist parties have never been beries, creation of concentration camps and able to win a majority of votes in free elec­ sky, and the warehouse that sprawls over 1 suppression of the present system of human million square feet on the 350-acre site, could tions. That is why they resort to terrorism, rights. All the supporters of democracy-i.e. armed invasions and dictatorship. be any kind of an industrial complex. It the majority of the population-would be doesn't look like a winery, but then it really Pro-communist dictators in Angola, Mo­ persecuted. Expression of independent opin­ tsn't. zambique, Ethiopia and in some other Afri­ ions, which is allowed at present, would be can countries usually rob a considerable part forbidden. No wine is made at the Modesto facUlty. It is a storage fac111ty, a bottling plant, a of their population. The land is taken from The example of Angola and other Soviet­ shinping point, a site for the most techno­ the peasants and given to the so-called col­ dominated African states shows that the white population of southern Africa would logically advanced research laboratories in lective farms, which practically belong to the industry, and of course the administra­ the government. The peasants are compelled probably flee before the communist take­ to work at these collective farms for a very over. The black population would not be tion otnces are here. It is also the location of the first glass low income. Thos~ who oppose the dictators able to do it and it would su1fer the main are sent to concentration camps or killed. · human losses. Already now the pro-Soviet plant built and owned by a winery. It has terrorists k111 and multilate mainly black fa.c111ties for the production of the falls and The Soviet leaders instigated genocidal closures for the bottles made in the glass wars and terror of local dictators against civ111a.ns of southern Africa, including women and children, priests, and nuns. After factory; a railroad spur that runs through the population of Biafra, Angola, Mozam­ the 25-a.cre, 1 million-square-foot warehouse; bique, Uganda, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia the takeover the black population would be doomed to forced labor in the Soviet-con­ and a bank of computers tha.t stores every and other African countries. The year 1977 niece of information about every imaginable was very important for the preparation of trolled mines and in the state-owned collec­ tive farms. facet of the business. Gallo's own trucking the final Soviet attack against southern Af­ company is also based here. rica. The Soviet leaders took into considera­ The Soviet leadership would use the enor­ tion that the present U.S. administration mous natural resources of southern Africa How did it all begin? How did these sons would not support anti-communist and pro­ of an Italian immigrant become the most im­ Western governments in eouthern Africa. On a Vneshnyaya politika Sovetskogo Soyuza i portant force in the world of wine? And, per­ the contrary, the U.S. government actually mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya 1977, Sbornik haps even more important, where are they lined up behind some of the demands of dokumentov. Moscow, 1978. Str. 21, 30, 35-36, going. the U.S.S.R., the "Patriotic Front of Zim­ 54, 194. In an attempt to answer these questions, I babwe", SWAPO and the African National 'Pravda, September 14, 1979. was granted an exclusive interview with Congress. s Pravda, September 13, 1979. Julio Gallo. December 12, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35737 Approaching the administration building, calls that he balked at renting the first ware­ has often been said that wine is really ~ade it was impossible not to be impressed. The house building. He thought it was about in the vineyard, and no one believes that any stark, white, pillared structure looks more twice the square footage needed. stronger tha.n Julio Gallo. Uke a museum than an office building and It is hard to believe that a winery of such Robert Logan, Gallo's current director of the manicured lawns rising gently up the humble beglnnlngs is now responsible for agricultural research, came to the winery knoll that supports the building are large about 40 percent of all California wine, and from a similar position at the University enough for at least nine holes of golf. around 25 percent of all wine, imports in­ of California, Davis, "the" enology and viti­ Peacocks, a hobby of Julio's son Bob, dis­ cluded, sold in the U.S. cultural school in the United States, and port themselves regally on the lawn and the The Gallos didn't become number one perhaps the world. Logan says money was steps. overnight. They continued to sell their wine not a major factor in his decision to join The building itsef! is centered around a in the bulk market for a number of years. Gallo. He insists that a greater latitude in grand atrium, with a giant skylight providing The Gallo name didn't appear on a. bottle the work he could accomplish was the major sun to tropical plants and pools of Japanese until 1940. deciding force. According to Logan, "Gallo Koi fish. The floors and walls have a white Gallo had many competltlors in the 40s is eight to 10 years ahead of the university granite look that adds to the temple feeling and 50s, names like Roms., and Petri, and in research." of the two-story structure. dozens of others. Louis Petri was the tough­ That Gallo's chief research goal has been For nearly an hour and a half, Gallo an­ est competitor, with hls United Vintners to determine which grapes wm do best in swered questions in an immediate and forth­ collection of brands that included not only California's various growing areas and right manner, an almost surprising fact, since the Petri label, but Italian Swiss Colony climates. the Gallos have a reputation for shunning and others. With the results of that research, the the press. Petri forced the Gallo brothers into one Ga.llos convinced many of their growers to Gallo exhibited total comprehension of of the smartest business decisions a winery replant their vineyards with more desirable everything going on in his empire. He plays ever made-a decision that pushed them varieties. Out came Mission and other varie­ a very active role in the business. Julio is into first place. They've been there ever ties considered less than desirable for wine­ in charge of production; Ernest handles sales since. making, and in went Chenin Blanc, Zinfa.n­ and marketing. That's the way it has al­ In the late 1950s, Petri built a wine tanker del, whatever variety was best suited to soil ways been and apparently the brothers re­ which enabled him to ship his wines to the and climate. spect each other's area of expertise. East Coast cheaper than the Ga.llos could Often, long-term contracts promising more I toured the Modesto facllity and spent send theirs by rail. That meant Petri could money for more desirable varieties were the afternoon visiting Gallo properties, in­ undersell Gallo and his other competitors. offered to encourage growers to make the cluding Livingston Ranch, the largest single To compete, instead of building their own change. It is rumored that the Gallos were wine producing fac111ty in the world. ships, the Ga.llos built a glass factory in so intent on improving wine grapes in the After lunch, on the way back to the winery, Modesto, drastically cutting their packaging San Joaquin Valley, they virtually subsidized Julio began to reminisce. costs and allowing them to sell at the same some growers who could not afford to be The first warehouse/winery building stm price as Petri. Gallo then had the edge, be­ without a crop for the several years it takes stands at 11th and D Streets, but instead cause they could claim their wines were bot­ for new vines to mature, by paying for non­ of paying the $60 per month rent that was tled in California. existent crops during the growing period. commanded in 1933, the Gallos now own the Gallo was far out front by 1968 when Their search for better fruit to produce building. It is leased out for storage. Petri sold United Vintners to the Heublein better wine did not stop at the borders of During childhood, both brothers had complex. Nothing has changed, though under the great Central Valley. Contracts went out worked in their father's vineyard near Mo­ Heublein's stewardship, United Vintners has to all of the state's growing regions. A winery desto, and there were memories of their made sma.l.l inroads into Gallo's dominance. was purchased in Sonoma County just to grandfather's small winery at Hanford, just A number of firsts helped put the Ga.llos crush the huge quantities of fruit purchased south of Fresno. on top. They were first in the flavored aperi­ there. A long-term contract with another Prohibition brought the wine industry to tif field with Thunderbird. They were also winery in Napa Valley serves the same pur­ a standstill, with the only surviving wineries first with low-alcohol, slightly carbonated pose. being those with contracts to produce wine wines. Remember Ripple? Gallo can no longer be considered a Cen­ for sacramental or pharmaceutical purposes. And there was Spanada, a take-oft' on tral Valley winery simply because its fac111ty A few vineyardists managed a living by sell­ Sangria before Sangria was fashionable. is located in Modesto. If the Gallos desired to ing grapes to home winemakers (any head Boone's Farm was another coup, with that do so, they could rightfully claim any ap­ of household could make 200 gallons a year, wine's success starting a run on the apple pelation in the state. even during Prohibition). Many growers tore market. They eventually planted their own Julio provided some startling figures. Gallo out their vineyards of :fine wine grapes, re­ orchards. purchases around 40 percent of all the grapes placing them with either table grapes or When Gallo started fermenting pears in grown in Sonoma County; about 20 percent course, thick-skinned varieties that could sur­ certain of the Ripple blends, it was a virtual of Napa County's production; and an amaz­ vive shipping to the East Coast market. salV'ation for pear growers in Mendocino ing 27 percent of the yield from the massive This was the Depression-era setting that County and elsewhere. The nice thing about acreage of the Central Coast (Monterey saw the birth of the E & J Gallo Winery. It pea.rs for wine, from the growers standpoint, south to San Luis Obispo) . took genuine optimists, people of vision, or is that the fruit doesn't have to be uniform While Julio was improving the vineyards perhaps crazy men, to even think about start­ in size, nor pretty to look at. Pears sold at a and the wines, Ernest was busy marketing ing a winery in 1933. better price for wine than for canning. The the product. It is said he cannot resist check­ But start one, they did. A few redwood days when fruit fell on the ground for lack out retailers in any city he happens to be tanks, a grape crusher, and a couple of pre­ of a market are forgotten. visiting. Often without saying who he is, he Prohibition leaflets on winemaktng, found at Five years ago, Gallo came up with another will ask questions about his wines and about the old McHenry Public Library, and two first by be<:oming the first large volume the kind of service the store receives from winery to introduce cork-flnished varietals. legends were in the making. his sales force. They had already received a kind of begrudg­ He was responsible for forming one of the Ernest sold the wine of vintage 1933in bulk ing connoisseur acceptance for Hearty Bur­ to Eastern distributors at a reported price of first winery sales forces. Wholesalers and ga.ndy and Chablis Blanc, two generic wines distributors had done all the selling in the 50 cents a gallon. that benefitted from considerable amounts Julio remembers one lot of wine shipped old days, but Ernest knew they were sell­ of premium North Coast grapes. ing many brands not just his. East that he was sure would cause com­ Robert Balzer, wine columnist for the Los plaints. Nothing wrong with the wine, except Angeles Times, called Hearty Burgundy the By sending his own men into the field, it was far too young. But there was a con­ best red wine value in America in the ea.r'ly he was able to fight for the most desirable tract to be :fl1led, so the wine was shipped. '70s and consumers as well as other writers shelf positions and encourage the merchants He laughs when he recalls the compliment began to pay attention. to sell his product first. It worked. Gallo's that came back. The buyer thought it was Those fl.rst va.rietals, which included a sales force was, and is, formidable. the best wine the young men had ever Chenin Blanc and a Zinfa.ndel, among other The Gallo winery is the world's largest. sold him, "It has a little bite, for a change, .. varieties, were not an instant success. Many It is controlled 100 percent by the family. he said. of Gallo's customers didn't own a corkscrew The brothers are no longer young (now in That may have been the Ga.llos' first lesson (their wines all had screw-cap closures up to their mid-60's), and they could easily step in making wine to please their customers. this point),