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Creationismul Ştiinţific CREATIONISMUL ŞTIINŢIFIC (EDIŢIE GENERALĂ) întocmit de cercetătorii şi consultanţii Institutului pentru Cercetări Creationste Editat de DR. HENRY M. MORRIS Director al Institutului de Cercetări Creationiste Societatea Misionară Română 1992 Titlul original: Scientific Creationism Editat de Henry M. Morris Copyright © 1974, Creation-Life Publishers. Translated and produced in the Romanian language by permission of Christian-Life Publishers Traducător: Dr. Iosif Ţon Editor: John F. Ti'pei Coperta şi tehnoredactare: Petru Lascău CUPRINS Scriitori şi consultanţi ai manualului „Creaţionismul ştiinţific"................................................ i Cuvînt înainte la prima ediţie .................................... ii Cuvînt înainte la a doua ediţie ..................................... vi Capitolul I. Evoluţie sau creaţie? ............................... 1 Importanţa originilor .................................................. 1 Imposibilitatea dovedirii ştiinţifice a originilor............ 3 Cele două modele ale originilor ................................... 7 Avantajele pedagogice ale modelului creaţionist ....... 12 Capitolul II. Haos sau cosmos?....................................... 17 Originea materiei, a energiei şi a legilor naturii........... 17 începutul universului .................................................... 24 Originea sistemului solar ............................................ 28 Scopul creării ................................................................. 32 Capitolul III. Ascendent sau descendent?.................... 38 Legile termodinamicii...................................................... 38 Originea vieţii.................................................................. 47 Variaţie şi selecţie............................................................ 51 Mutaţii genetice ........................................................... 54 Nepotriviri şi dispariţii ................................................. 58 Capitolul IV. Accident sau plan?.................................... 61 Complexitatea sistemelor vii........................................... 61 Similarităţi şi diferenţe................................................... 71 Vestigii (atavisme) şi recapitulări.................................. 77 Goluri sistematice în lanţul fosilelor............................. 80 Capitolul V. Uniformism sau catastrofism? .............. 95 Mesajul fosilelor ............................................................. 95 Formarea rapidă a depozitelor geologice ................... 104 Contemporaneitatea lumii fosile.................................... 114 Catastrofism rezidual ................................................... 126 Capitolul VI. Vechi sau noi?............................................ 137 Cum să datăm o rocă ................................................... 137 Datarea radiometrică .................................................. 143 Dovezi că pămîntul este tînăr......................................... 155 Antichitatea omului ..........................................................166 Capitolul VII. Maimuţe sau oameni?............................. 180 Originea omului ............................................................ 180 Limbi şi rase ................................................................... 187 Civilizaţii antice ............................................................ 197 Originea religiei ............................................................ 204 Capitolul VIII. Relatarea Scripturii despre creaţie . 214 Istoricitatea datelor din cartea Genesei........................ 214 Diviziuni ale Genesei........................................................ 216 Căderea, blestemul şi legile termodinamicii................. 222 Inundat cu apă ............................................................. 224 O prezentare sumară a modelului biblic....................... 225 Evoluţie teistă.................................................................. 226 Creaţie progresivă........................................................... 231 Teoria „o zi - o epocă"..................................................... 232 Teoria hiatului ............................................................. 242 Ipoteza scheletului unor teme spirituale....................... 255 Verigi lipsă în cronologia omului .................................. 259 Teoria potopului local.................................................... 263 Teoria potopului calm.................................................... 266 Rezumat şi concluzie .................................................... 267 Anexă ................................................................................ 271 Scriitori si consultanţi ai manualului „Creationismul ştiinţific" Cartea aceasta este rezultatul unui proiect colectiv întreprins de personalul Institutului de Cercetări Creaţioniste (Institute for Creation Research), de membrii Consiliului Consultativ Tehnic al Institutului, şi de alţi oameni de ştiinţă şi profesori care au contribuit la realizarea ei pe diferite căi. Textul de bază al manuscrisului a fost întocmit de directorul Institutului de Cercetări Creaţioniste, dr. Henry M. Morris. El a fost revizuit cu meticulozitate de directorul asociat, dr. Duane Gish, şi de profesorii Harold Slusher şi Stuart Nevins. El a mai fost apoi revizuit de membrii Consiliului Consultativ Tehnic al Institutului şi de alţi oameni de ştiinţă şi profesori arătaţi mai jos. Toate corecturile şi sugestiile lor au fost încorporate în textul revizuit. Manuscrisul final a fost testat ca manual de către personalul Institutului într-un seminar special de creaţionism ştiinţific, care a durat 14 ore şi care a fost organizat de către unul dintre districtele şcolare ale Californiei pentru profesorii din districtul acela. Reacţiile participanţilor la acest seminar au confirmat că această carte corespunde scopurilor pentru care a fost scrisă. Iată lista scriitorilor şi consultanţilor: Thomas G. Barnes, doctor în ştiinţă. Profesor de fizică, Universitatea Texas, El Paso. William A. Beckman, doctor în ştiinţe fizice. Profesor de ştiinţe fizice, Christian Heritage College, San Diego. Edward Blick, doctor în inginerie. Profesor de ştiinţe aero-spaţiale, inginerie mecanică şi nucleară, Universitatea Oklahoma, Norman. Richard Bliss, licenţiat în ştiinţă. Consultant ştiinţific, Districtul şcolar unificat nr. 1, Racine, Wisconsin. David R. Boylan, doctor în inginerie. Decan, Colegiul de Inginerie, Universitatea Statului Iowa, Ames. Larry Butler, doctor în biochimie. Profesor de biochimie, Universitatea Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana. Kenneth B. Cumming, doctor în biologie. Cercetător biolog, Serviciul de Piscicultura al S.U.A. LaCrosse, Wisconsin.. Malcolm Cutchins, doctor în inginerie. Profesor asociat de inginerie aerospaţială, Universitatea Auburn, Auburn, Alabama. Robert H. Franks, doctor în medicină. Profesor de ştiinţe biologice, Christian Heritage College, San Diego. Duane T. Gish, doctor în filozofie. Director adjunct, In- stitutul pentru Cercetări Creaţioniste, San Diego. Donald Hamann, doctor în tehnologie alimentară. Profesor de tehnologie alimentară, Universitatea Statului Caro- lina de Nord, Raleigh. Charles W. Harrison, Jr., doctor în filozofie Preşedinte, General Electro-Magnetics Corporation, Albuquerque. Harold R. Henry, doctor în inginerie Preşedinte, Departamentul de Inginerie Civilă şi Minerit, Universitatea Alabama. Joseph Henson, doctor în ştiinţă. Preşedintele secţiei de ştiinţe, Universitatea Bob Jones, Greenville, Carolina de Sud.' Lane Lester, doctor în biologie. Profesor de biologie, Christian Heritage College San Diego. John R. Meyer, doctor în biofizică. Profesor asistent de fiziologie şi biofizică, Universitatea Louisville, Ken- tucky. Henry M. Morris, doctor în filozofie. Director, Institutul pentru Cercetări Creaţioniste, San Diego. John N. Moore, doctor în pedagogie. Profesor de ştiinţe naturale, Universitatea Statului Michigan, East Lansing. Stuart E. Nevins, licenţiat în ştiinţă. Profesor asistent de geologie, Christian Heritage College, San Diego. Robert Olson, licenţiat în pedagogie. Profesor de ştiinţă, Districtul şcolar municipal San Diego, California. Charles C. Ryrie, doctor în teologie, doctor în filozofie. Profesor de teologie sistematică, Dallas Theological Se- minary, Dallas. Harold S. Slusher, licenţiat în ştiinţă. Profesor de ştiinţe planetare, Christian Heritage College, San Diego. John C. Whitcomb, Jr., doctor în teologie. Director de studii postuniversitare, Grace Theological Seminary, Winona Lake, Indiana. n Cuvînt înainte la prima ediţie Cartea aceasta este necesară profesorilor din şcolile publice din două motive: (1) există azi o foarte extinsă renaştere a interesului pentru creaţionism, şi (2) nu există nici o altă carte care să trateze toate aspectele importante ale acestui subiect într-un context strict ştiinţific. Cartea îşi propune să fie un îndrumător general, care să ofere alternativa creaţionistă în toate subiectele mai importante referitoare la origini. Părinţi şi lideri ai tineretului şi chiar mulţi oameni de ştiinţă şi educatori sînt astăzi îngrijoraţi şi preocupaţi de prevalenta şi de influenţa filozofiei evoluţioniste în programele şcolare moderne. Şi aceasta nu numai pentru că acest sistem este un inamic al creştinismului biblic, ci de asemenea, aşa cum mulţi sînt convinşi, pentru că el este inamicul unei societăţi sănătoase şi al adevăratei ştiinţe. Este semnificativ faptul că există astăzi grupuri active de cetăţeni şi de parlamentari care, în cele mai multe dintre
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