Index

A income-generation, 45, 59 Abductions, 121, 128 justice seeking, 179 White van abductions. See also Sri Lanka, memorialisation, 204 128 microcredit, 9 abu Lughod, Professor Ibraheem, 277 peacebuilding, 11, 18, 107 Accompaniers. See also Research Methods, 21, social, 3, 23, 130, 131, 140, 292 144, 146, 154, 166, 179 witchcraft, 235, 243 Accompanying, Accompany, 195, 275, 301 Actoras de Cambio Consortium. See also Accountability, 22, 23, 38, 48, 56, 57, 64, 120, Guatemala, 154 226, 246, 308 Accumulation by dispossession, 258, 284, 285 Action(s) Addiction, 73, 78–80, 84, 85, 96, 100, 102, collective, 46, 63 110, 300, 309 cooperative, 98 African, 189, 201, 203, 213, 214, 293, 308 feminist series of, 23, 148 American church contexts, 144 psychosocial, 257 context, 217 reconciliatory, 138 countries, 189, 293 strategic and contingent, 248 culture, 213, 214 Action research. See also Research Methods, ideology, 214 75, 145, 146, 148, 150, 153, 174, indigenous methodologies, 18 175, 179 practices, 203 Action Aid, 39, 40, 48, 56, 61 religion, 284, 296 Action reflection cycle, Action-learning Africanness, 207 reflection. See also Research AfrikanerWeerstandsbeweging. See also Methods, 20 South Africa, 188 Activist, Activists, 4, 10, 17, 58, 119, 179, 214, Agency, 47, 53, 61, 64, 119, 225, 278 285, 301 Alan Paton Award, 197 Activism, 55, 278, 306, 307, 309 Alcohol, Alcoholism, 79, 100, 143 Activities abuse, 75, 81, 203, 233, 245 church, 189, 198 counselling, 96 citizen engagement, 60 Alienation, 35, 36, 72, 106, 116, 288, 302 creative, 45 Alta Verapaz. See also Guatemala, 151, 153 community-based, 3 Ancestors, 199, 200, 211, 212, 300 economic, 10 Ancestral bondages, 203 expressive, 51 Anger, 2, 51, 76, 86, 95, 98, 262 health, 9 Angola, 193

317

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 B. Hamber, E. Gallagher (eds.), Psychosocial Perspectives on Peacebuilding, Peace Psychology Book Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09937-8 318 Index

Anuradhapura. See also Sri Lanka, 23, 129, carnal, 203 130, 133, 135, 136, 138, 140 demonic, 203, 204 Apartheid. See also South Africa, East Book publication, 154 Jerusalem, 18, 188, 209, 211, 298 Boundaries, 8, 313 social and psychological, 24 national, 213, 214, 256, 298 APDP-JK Coalition of Civil Society Buddy scheme, 107, 315 (APDP-CCS). See also JK, 38 Building relationships, 11, 19, 310, 311 Approaches, 7, 24, 75, 107, 122, 187, 213, 239, Burial, 259, 260, 261, 265, 271, 272, 277, 278 291, 305, 308 Burundi, 196 Anxiety, 2, 36, 102, 235, 255, 291 Arafat, President Yaser, 277 C Armed conflict. See Conflict Cabos de Terra. See also Mozambique; Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA). Vigilante groups See also JK, 36 Caring roles, Role of caring. See also Art, 11, 18, 21, 24, 80, 110, 180, 212, 217, 300 Traditional, 55 Artwork, 191 Capabilities, 13, 88 activity, 197 Capacity suitcase artwork, 197, 199 building, 20, 40–42, 88, 90, 94, 98, 99, Association of Mayan Ixil Women-New Dawn 107, 109 (ADMI). See also Guatemala, 148 Cape Flats. See also South Africa, 200 Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons Caste, 141 (APDP). See also JK, 22, 35, 39, 49 caste-based practices, 129 Athwaas project. See also JK, 22, 38, 41, 50 system, 7, 18 Attachment, 100, 161 Catholic, 18, 19, 70, 76, 79, 88 CEH. See also Guatemala, 150, 152, 305 Atrocity, 166, 188, 194, 205, 206, 268, 282 Centre for Dialogue and Reconciliation (CDR), AugustaVictoria Hospital (AVH). See also East 40, 41, 50, 53 Jerusalem, 265 Chajul. See also Guatemala, 23, 148, 152, 154, Authorities, 57, 140, 151, 161, 238 157, 159, 167, 170, 171, 173, 175, 177, Israeli, 257, 263, 270 178, 181 Traditional, 227 Checkpoints. See also Palestinian, 128, 256, Awareness, 3, 99, 104, 133, 134, 140, 179, 257, 259, 265, 269, 271, 274 310, 311 Child, 109, 129, 173, 204, 240, 273, 211 abuse, 129, 200 B trafficking, 129 Banishment, 74 Child-friendly spaces, 3 Beit Hanina, 265 Childhood adversities, 233 Belonging, 2, 47, 259, 267, 282, 284, 313 Children, 39, 62, 82, 103, 106, 175 Beneficiaries, 22, 41, 55, 124, 132–137, migrant, 191, 214, 304 139, 140 refugee, 191, 196, 200 Bereavement, 2, 25, 260, 261, 263, 273 unaccompanied, 196 Bible study, 192, 193, 200–205 Chimaltenango. See also Guatemala, 154, Binaries. See also Traditional African and 156, 179 Western, 308 Christian, 133, 168, 201, 214 moving beyond, 308 churches, 226, 237 traditional and modern, 308 healers, 239, 240, 243, 247, 248 Body Christians, 128, 229, 240 as location of the institutionalisation of Church rituals, 212 knowledge, 281 Civil war. See also Mozambique as practice, 281 Sri Lanka, 117 as symbol, 281 cost, 223, 224 Bona Fide, 189, 190 Coexistence, 41, 52, 53 Bondages Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), 3, 96 ancestral, 203 Collective Action. See Action, 47, 65 Index 319

Collective, 64, 87, 106, 110, 153, 158, 171, Consultative Group on the Past. See also 194, 243, 273, 274 Northern Ireland, 75, 101 Colombo. See also Sri Lanka, 42, 120, Context, Contexts, 5, 17, 18, 20, 105, 138, 160, 130, 132 181, 214, 249, 262, 296, 298 Colonial transitional, 24, 149 power, 268, 278 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms regime, 239 of Discrimination against Women system, 266, 278, 281 (CEDAW), 150 Colonisation, Colonialism Conventional, 297 settler, 256, 258, 260, 261, 266, 281, Cooperative action. See Action 282, 284 Coping, 79, 90, 96, 105, 153, 259, 263, 268, Portuguese, 227 271, 282 Coloniser, 218, 258, 260, 267, 268, 272 mode, 268, 269 Commission for Victims and Survivors social, 79 (CSVNI). See also Northern Ireland, 75, form, 268 76, 101, 109 negative form. See also Drugs; Medication; Commoditisation of suffering, 63 Suicide, 76, 91, 105, 303 Communities of Populations in Resistance Corporal expressions, 153, 174 (CPRs). See also Guatemala, 152 Corruption, 2, 46, 61, 143, 294, 297 Community Cosmovision. See also Guatemala, 23, 147, affected, 77, 80, 83, 118 153, 156, 174, 296 inter-, 11, 50, 71, 99, 109, 290, 299 Counsellors, 40, 125, 131, 133, 139 intra-, 295, 306 traditional stance of neutrality. See also development, 20, 23, 34, 88, 89, 176 Traditional, 310 healing, 25 Counselling, 21, 78, 79, 96, 118, 126, 140 participation, 150, 183, 311 traditional approach. See also wider, 89, 90, 97, 183, 295 Traditional, 196 workers, 284, 307 Courts, 137, 227, 229, 232, 238, 240, 248, 249, Community Relations Council (CRC). See also 300, 303 Northern Ireland, 108 traditional, 227, 229, 232 Conceptual, 4, 16, 258, 284 judges (watonguis), 229, 227 Creative shift, 291, 292 methodologies, 21, 24, 147–149, 151, 153, Confession, Confess, 121, 214, 300 155, 157, 159, 172, 174, 178, 182, 300 Conflict resources, 23, 147, 148, 149, 157, 158, 171, armed conflict, 2, 4, 7, 9, 23, 149, 152, 172, 173, 179, 183 291, 296 techniques, 154, 160 ethno-political, 22 Crime, Criminal, Criminal activity, 2, 12, 225, emerging from, 11, 12, 297, 314 247, 294, 298 family forms of resolution, 303 Cross-community, 79, 80, 98, 99 political. See Political Cultural psychological, 72 context, contexts, 3, 118, 226, 295, 296, management, 38, 85 304, 313 resolution, 24, 25, 178, 227, 235, 245, practices, 16, 174, 203, 204, 247, 250, 301, 303, 313 304, 308 sensitivity, 31 societies in, 6, 292, 306 D ridden societies, 260, 261 Data analysis. See also Research Methods, 83, transformation, 53, 104, 315 132, 158, 159 violent, 6, 33, 45, 56, 64, 71, 73 Dead Conflict context, 2, 5, 104, 181, 292 dead body, 259, 260, 266–268, 273–277, 281 Congo, Congelese, 192, 193, 201, 214 inscriptions and re-inscriptions, 269, Conscientisation, Conscientises, 47 273, 274 Constituencies, 10, 38, 290 Dead zones, 271, 272 320 Index

Death, 87, 119, 164, 245, 247, 256, 259–268, el-Balad. See Homeland 272, 275, 278, 284 Emotions, 3, 50, 159, 172, 199, 202, 281 fear of, 267 Emotional, 43, 50, 62–64, 79, 90, 98, 103 live, living, 277, 278, 281 Embodied practices, 147, 174 Depression, 2, 73, 79, 87, 102 Employment, 37, 39, 52, 73, 74, 89, 97, 109, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 190 110, 129, 230, 257, 307 Derry. See also Northern Ireland, 74, 80, 83, 85 Empowerment, 5, 40, 54, 131, 133, 154, Detention, Detained, 119–122, 126, 189, 205 155, 299 Development, 10, 12, 13, 20, 42, 59, 88 women, 40, 41, 45, 54, 154 Disability, 2, 41, 54, 56, 120, 204 societal, 77 Disappearances. See Abductions Disappeared Environment, 5, 23, 49, 59, 60, 103, 118, 119, persons, 22, 39 125, 164, 314 Discourses, 14, 149, 211, 212, 214, 232, 247, sociopolitical, 53, 59 255, 290, 295, 298 cultural, 59 Discursive community, 21 Ethiopia, 196 Displacement, 36, 124, 136, 158, 213, 259, Ethics, 229 267, 273, 294, 308 surrounding death, 263 of the dead, 264, 272 Ethical approval, Clearance, 20, 81 Disruption, 230, 238, 248, 294 Boston College Institutional Review Distrust, 36, 48, 52, 224, 295, 296 Board, 151 Do No Harm, 138, 291 Ethics Committee, Institute of Social Domains, 10, 14, 42, 43, 60, 64, 68, 290, 300 Studies Trust, New Delhi, 43 Domestic Violence. See Gender-Based Violence Ethics Committee, University of Ulster, Drama, 24, 80, 96, 207, 300 Northern Ireland, 83 Dramatisation, 23, 168, 171, 172, 180, 309 Hebrew University in Jerusalem, 263 Drawings, 153, 158, 159, 161, 164, 166, 168, University of Queensland, 233 170, 172, 175 York University Ethics Review Board, 151 DRC. See Democratic Republic of the Congo Ethic, Ethics of reciprocity, 229 Drinking. See Alcohol, Alcoholism Ethical issues, 43, 83, 132, 159, 233, 263 Drugs, 75, 79, 81, 96, 99, 108, 166, 294, 315 Ethnicity, 37, 138, 141, 298 awareness, 99, 108, 315 Ethnographic methods, Ethnography, 21, 24, counselling, 75 25, 44, 192, 200, 249, See also Research dependence, 48 Methods misuse, 91 Everyday, 73, 108, 167, 172, 201, 227, 249, traffickers, 166, 294 260, 281, 294, 301, 303, 312 Dying, 25, 259–261, 268, 277, 279, 281 concerns, 25, 249 economic hardships, 188, 293, 295 E forms of gendered racialised violence, East Jerusalem 167, 311 Augusta Victoria Hospital (AVH), 265 gendered racialised politics of, 167 Beit Hanina, 265 life, nature of life, aspects of life, 203, Mamilla cemetery, 259 294, 301 Museum of Tolerance, 259 lives, 177, 272 Old City, 259 practices, 248, 249, 313 Separation Wall, 256, 262 social context, 212 social and psychological apartheid, 25 speech, 212, 312 Economic, 2, 10, 12, 20, 39, 44, 55, 100, 110, violence, 166, 254, 293, 294, 311 141, 149, 150, 188, 215, 257 Everydayness, 259, 277, 281 dependency, 100 Evictions, Evicted , 256 deprivation, 100 foreigners, 189 hardship, 39, 188, 214–216, 293, 295 Muslims evicted by the LTTE, 128 reconstruction, 4, 315 Sinhalese and Muslims, 129 Education, 12, 22, 40, 44–46, 58, 257, 312 Equality, 12, 18, 92, 94, 123, 139, 188 Index 321

European Union through its PEACE III spirits, 25, 225, 230, 234, 239, 240, 241, Programme. See Peace III Programme 247–249, 295, 313 Ex-combatants, 130 Gender, 5, 14, 16, 18, 37, 50, 56, 104, 126, reintegration, 136 133, 138, 141, 182, 189, 214 Exile dimension, dimensions, 18, 150 Mexico in, 175 equality, 12, 141, 142, 188, 310 Ramallah in, 267 female vulnerability, 123 Experiences, 53, 70, 87, 107, 124, 142, 170, ideals, 55. See also Traditional 182, 241, 260, 279 ideology, 55, 85, 148, 175 Eye Movement Desensitization and racialised violence. See Racialised and Reprocessing (EMDR), 3 gender violence Gender-based violence (GBV), 129 F Gender Based Violence Desk, 129. See also Sri Family, 22, 42, 47, 55, 58, 63, 87, 95, 102, 107, Lanka 133, 141, 224, 238, 250, 261 Gendered history of suffering, 230 racialised exclusions, 176 support, 61 General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ), fragmentation, 244 78, 81 social fragmentation, 201, 234, 238, Generational, 13, 59 244–246, 249 transmission, 279 solidarity, 249, 238, 249, 266 Genocide, 149, 181, 182, 199, 207 type of, 233 Ghost, Ghosts, Ghostly, 278–280 Fear, 34, 36, 40, 52, 60, 102, 121, 126, 164, Good Friday Agreement, 74, 111. See also 169, 170, 173, 263, 293 Northern Ireland Femicide, 151 Gorongosa district, 224. See also Mozambique Feminine space, 50 Government, 35–37, 39, 44, 46, 51, 56, 57, 60, inclusive, 50 62, 75, 76, 120 Feminist Grama Niladaris (Sevakas). See Village Leaders accompaniment processes, 23, 147, 181, 310 Greater Gauteng Business Forum, 190. See series of actions, 23, 148 also South Africa participatory and action research, 182. See Grease yaka, Grease devils, 123. See also Sri also Research Methods Lanka Focus groups, Focus group discussion, 41, 131, Grievances, 118, 122, 143, 250, 295 132. See also Research Methods Guatemala, 15, 19, 23, 148–150, 156, 168, 176, Foreigners, 169, 188, 189, 200, 201, 216 179, 183 as threat, 55, 190 Actoras de Cambio Consortium, 154 Gringa, 170, 182. See also Guatemala Alta Verapaz, 154, 156 living in government houses, 189 Association of Mayan Ixil Women-New violence against, 188, 201 Dawn (ADMI), 148 xenophobia, xhenophobic, 200, 294 Chajul, 23, 148, 152, 154, 156, 167, 170, Fragmentation, 14, 149, 201, 244, 247, 266, 171, 173, 175, 177, 178, 181 271, 272, 294, 295, 314 Chimaltenango, 154, 156, 179 space, 266, 271, 272, Communities of Populations in Resistance time, 247 (CPRs), 152 Framework, 20, 139, 141 Cosmovision, 23, 147, 153, 156, 174, 296 Frelimo, 224, 227, 237, 294, 298. See also Gringa, 169, 182 Mozambique Guatemalan armed conflict, 23, 148, 149 Funeral, 260, 265, 269, 270, 274, 275, 277, 312 Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG), 149 G Historical Memory Festivals, 179 Gamba. 225, 226, 230, 233, 237, 239, 241, 244, Huehuetenango, 154, 156, 179 247–249, 295. See also Mozambique Ixcán, 152 healer, 25, 239, 241, 247, 249 Ladina, Ladinos, 149, 174, 175, 182 322 Index

Mayan, 174 Hybridised, 182, 304 Maya Ixil, K’iche’ Q’eqchi’, Kaqchiquel, third voice, 182 Mam and Chuj, 123, 148, 151, 152, 154, voices, 182, 304 156, 171 National Union of Guatemalan Women I (UNAMG), 148, 154 Identity, 42, 44, 63, 92, 105, 149, 199, 259, Peace Accords, 150, 159, 173 269, 274, 281 Péten, 152 confusion, 106 REMHI, 152, 159, 175, 178, 305 cultural, 50, 98, 99, 230, 310 Tribunal of Conscience, 171, 179 ethnic, 44, 215 Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity formation, 104 (URNG), 149. See also Guatemala national, 214, 216, 298 Gukurahundi, 194, 205–210. See also of perpetrators, 36 Zimbabwe religious, 78 refugee, 303 shared, 107 H Ikhwanis. See Vigilante groups Haifa, 265 Impact, 43, 95, 139, 231 Healing, 21, 24, 97, 98, 152, 154, 173, 190, Impoverished, Impoverishment, 58 200, 204, 211, 214, 225, 230, 232, 247 Impunity, 7, 19, 23, 24, 36, 49, 122, 150, 298 coordination, 145 INCORE, 6, 7 psycho-medical understandings of, 211 Indian Jammu, 22, 33. See also JK rituals, 3, 10, 21, 290 Indian Jammu and Kashmir. See JK traditional, 3, 228, 231 Indian Kashmir, 17–19, 291, 293, 295, 299, Health challenges, 101, 309 300, 303, 306, 312. See also JK Help Foundation (HF), 22, 38, 40, 45, 46. Indigenous, 10, 18, 20, 149, 150, 152, 174, See also JK 226, 282 Help-seeking, 22, 72, 78, 81, 82, 92, 103, Individuals, 3, 11, 98, 121, 142, 202, 232, 258, 244, 245 262, 277, 281, 284, 294, 302 Hindu, Hinduism, 22, 34, 36, 39, 45, 50, 52, Inductive approach, 194. See also Research 60, 63, 128, 135 Methods Historical Memory Festivals, 179. See also Influence Guatemala of the past, 203 History, 72, 75, 106, 148, 155, 159, 210, 230, Informal storytelling, 198 259, 269, 279, 312 Information HIV/AIDS, 12 provision of, 3 Homeland, el-Balad, 259, 267, 271, 280. See Ignacio Martín-Baró Fund for Mental Health also Palestinian and Human Rights, 181 Hospital, 36, 117, 128, 129, 134, 225, 257, Initiatives, 18, 24, 77, 93, 140, 246, 305, 313 264, 265 Inscriptions, 269, 273, 274 Huehuetenango, 154, 156, 179. See also Insider, 180, 303 Guatemala International Crisis Group, 119, 120, 122 Human capabilities paradigm, 33 Islam, 35, 46, 128 Human capacities, 33 Institutions, 2, 44, 51, 59, 64, 231, 238, 246, Human capital, 46, 309 249, 250, 302 formation, 45 Interaction, 5, 8, 50, 99, 195, 292, 311 Human Development Report, 13 Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Human rights, 23, 35, 47, 49, 65, 120, 131, Guidelines, 3, 17, 315 133, 141–143, 157, 159, 175 Intercessor, 192, 193, 201, 202, 204 violations, 18, 35, 36, 61, 126, 159, 246, 312 Intercommunity relations, 11, 290 Guatemala, 148 Intercommunal Hybrid, Hybridity, Hybridities, 182, 250, trust, 19, 22 300, 308 relations, 73 Hybridity Theory, 308 Intercorporeal transmissions, 280 Index 323

Interface, 51, 75, 77, 80, 153, 173, 183, 305 Help Foundation (HF), 22, 40, 45, 46 Intergenerational, 52, 53, 58, 76, 100, 101, 102, Jammu, 34, 38, 39 108, 297 Jammu & Kashmir Coalition of Civil traditional intergenerational relationships, 58 Society, 35, 36 transmission, 52, 53 Kashmir, 17, 22, 33–37 relationships, 58 Mohalla (neighbourly) feeling, 48, 295 Intermediaries, 151, 157, 159, 169, 171, 174, Operation Sadhbhavana (Goodwill), 44 175, 182, 304 Pandits, Hindu Kashmiri, Kashmiri, 38, 39, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, 60 45, 60, 62 Internally displaced persons (IDPs), 125, Purkho Migrant Camp, 38 128, 275 Samanbal, 38, 41, 45, 48, 52, 55, 59, 60, International Crisis Group, 119, 120, 122, 123 62, 63 International Development Research Centre Women in Security, Conflict Management (IDRC), 6, 148, 291 and Peace (WISCOMP), 38 Interrelationship, 3–5, 8, 100, 292 Yakjah Reconciliation and Development Intervention, Interventions, Network, 41, 53 coordination, 179, 247 Johannesburg. See also South Africa, 191, 192, local, 125, 308 196, 197, 200, 206, 217 psychological, 4, 291, 314 Judges. See Courts psychosocial, 5–10, 12, 24, 56, 77, 126, Judicial mechanisms, 121 127, 130, 134, 138, 217, 291, 293, 308, 312, 315 K sustainability of, 140, 141 Kashmir. See JK Interviews. See also Research Methods Katlehong, 189. See also South Africa semi-structured, 41, 82, 131, 132 King Lobhengula, 207. See also Zimbabwe Intimidation, 35, 40, 52, 70, 73, 74, 110 Knowledge, 16, 17, 57, 59, 64, 156, 183, Israel, Israeli, 256, 258, 259, 262–265, 271, 281, 302 273, 274, 278, 280 Knowledge creation cycle, 21. See also authorities, 257 Research Methods Committee Against House Demolitions, 257 Ku fewa. See Material engagement Ixcán, 152. See also Guatemala Kurunegala, 129, 130,133, 137, 140, 141. See also Sri Lanka J Jaffna, 128, 129, 131, 134, 135, 136, 139. L See also Sri Lanka Ladina, Ladinos, 149, 174, 175, 182. See also Jammu, 34, 38, 39. See also JK Guatemala Jammu & Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society, Land scarcity, 128, 275 35, 36. See also JK Leaders Jerusalem. See also East Jerusalem community, 38, 131 Jerusalemite, 271, 277, 281, 283 local, 178 Jerusalemite ID, 276, 277, 305 of organisations, 302 West, 264 indigenous, 149 Jesuit Refugee Services, 196. See also South political, 270 Africa religious, 224, 226, 239, 250 JK (Indian Jammu and Kashmir) village, 131. See also Village Leaders APDP–JK Coalition of Civil Society women, 134 (APDP–CCS), 39 Leadership, 21, 37, 38, 40, 41, 53, 56, 58, Armed Forces Special Powers Act 171, 299 (AFSPA), 36 Learning-teaching dialectic, 177 Association of Parents of Disappeared Legacy Persons (APDP), 22, 35, 39, 49 of the conflict, 18, 74, 101, 106 Athwaas project, 22, 38, 41, 50 of the past, 73 dispute, 34, 295 of political violence, 6 324 Index

Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission workers, 4, 5, 10, 255, 290, 314 (LLRC), 122. See also Sri Lanka Mental Health Unit, 128, 129. See also Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 293, Sri Lanka 117. See also Sri Lanka MercyCorps, 41, 53 Liberation psychology, 258, 280 Mexico, 152, 175 Livelihood, 3, 14, 40, 124, 227, 291, 300, 302 Micro, 60, 212, 215, 246, 280, 298, 304, 305, strategies, 291 313, 314 Liminal, Liminality, 255, 269, 274, 308 Migrants, 24, 190, 192, 193, 201, 213, 293, Lobola, 204. See also South Africa Local 294, 297, 300, 301 community, 10, 100, 148, 180, 182, 257, skilled, 190 290, 301, 303, 311 unskilled, 190 support processes, 255 Migration, 189, 190, 304, 312, 313 Logic of elimination, 258 International Organisation for Loss, 60, 62, 75, 136, 141, 200, 255, 259–264, Migration, 120 269, 275, 276, 282 Militarisation, 44, 61, 123, 126, 128, 130, 180, 277, 282, 283, 293, 294, 299 M society, 180, 277 Macro, 12, 13, 60, 111, 281, 298, 306 control, 128 Madrassa (Muslim religious school), 46 Militarised society, 158, 263 Madzoca spirits, 247. See also Mozambique Millennium Development goals, 12 Malawian, 193 Ministry of Child Development and Women’s Mannar, 23, 125, 128, 130, 132–134, 136, Affairs, 123. See also South Africa 138–140 Minority, 38, 60, 118, 226, 227 Mamilla cemetery, 259. See also East Jerusalem communities, 118, 122 Mandlazi, Jotham, 188 rights, 132 Mangwinira. See Traditional Healers; Magic Mixed methods, 21. See also Research Methods medicine Modern, 2, 58, 72, 105, 214, 308 Marginalisation, 14, 110, 213, 293, 311, Mohalla (neighbourly) feeling, 48, 295. See 312, 315 also JK Maritz, Gerrit, 188 Mourning, 10, 55, 225, 267–269, 271, 273, Martín–Baró Fund. See Ignacio Martín-Baró 276, 278, 281, 301 Fund for Mental Health and Human topolitology of, 278 Rights Movement for Democratic Change Masculine (MDC), 206. See also Zimbabwe ideology, 72, 82, 95, 98 Mozambicans, 193 hyper, 5, 104, 105 Mozambique, 15, 18–20, 24, 224, 225, 232, Masculinity, 56, 77, 95, 103–106 291, 294, 295, 300, 301, 303, 306 Massage, 23, 147, 155, 171, 172, 180, 299, 309 Marital engagement, 228 Cabos de Terra, 227 Maya Ixil, K’iche’ Q’eqchi’, Kaqchiquel, Mam civil war, 224, 226, 230, 244, 248, 294 and Chuj, 23, 148. See also Mayan, 23, gamba, 25, 225, 230, 233, 234, 237, 147–151, 154, 155, 159, 162, 174, 175, 239–241, 244, 247–249, 295, 306, 313 178, 180–183. See also Guatemala Gorongosa, 223–229, 237, 239, 245–251 Mbuli, Mzwakhe, 209 Frelimo, 224–227, 230, 237, 294, 298 Memorialisation, 207, 208, 210, 212, 225, 269, Frelimo government, 224, 227 276, 311 Judges,Watonguis, 227, 229 Memory, 37, 87, 100, 106, 154, 167, 179, 209, madzoca spirits, 247 279, 283 Mozambican Association of Medical Men, 56, 85, 93 Practitioners (AMETRAMO), 226 young, 22, 56, 72, 74, 77–79, 81, 83, 84, 86, Nhakwa, Traditional Chief, 227 89, 92, 95–100, 102 N’fumo, 227, 242 Mental health Regulo, Traditional Chief. See Nhakwe interventions, 7 Renamo, 224, 225, 230, 237, 238, 298 Index 325

Museum of Tolerance, 259. See also East Together: Building a United Community, 76, Jerusalem 109, 110 Museum multiplier effects, 178 Youth Action Northern Ireland, 77 Museum, 178 Muslim, Muslims, 34, 36, 40, 45, 52, 119, 128, O 129 Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), Museum Music 256–257. See also Palestinian CD, 194, 195, 207, 312 Old City, 259, 262, 263, 272, 275. See also lyrics, 208 East Jerusalem Operation Sadhbhavana, (Goodwill), 44. See also JK N Opportunities, 13, 37, 39, 44, 48, 80, 124, 154, Nakba, 275, 276. See also Palestinian 173, 179, 257, 304, 305 See also National Unity Day, 26. Zimbabwe Organ of National Healing, 206. See also National Union of Guatemalan Women Zimbabwe (UNAMG), 148, 154. See also Organisations, 38, 40, 42, 47, 59, 64, 107, 118, Guatemala 121, 124, 128, 135 Nationalism, 214 women’s, 133, 138, 139 Ndebele, 194, 195, 205–208, 210. See also Othering, Otherisation, “the Other”, 273 Zimbabwe Outsider, 34, 38, 149, 171, 182, 292 Neighbourly feeling. See Mohalla Networks, 48, 60, 64, 135, 261, 301 P informal support, 290 Painting, Paintings, 171, 199 Neutrality, 310 Palestine, 7, 276, 279, 280, 293, 307 N’fumo, 227, 242. See also Mozambique; Palestinian, 19, 20, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, Vigilante groups 265, 267 See also Nhakwa, Traditional Chief, 227. checkpoints, 257, 259 Mozambique homeland, el–Balad, 276 Nigeria, 193 identity, 274, 284 Nigerian, 193 nakba, 275, 276 Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s), National Council, 277 34, 149, 224, 263, 303 steadfastness, sumoud, 264, 266, 267, 281 International (INGO), 125 Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), Northern Ireland, 15, 18, 19, 22, 72–74, 76, 77, 256, 257 80, 90, 95, 100, 102, 104, 105, 107 West Bank IDs, 256, 259, 274 ceasefires, 92 Pandit, Pandits. 39, 45, 52, 55, 63. See also JK Commission for Victims and Survivors Hindu Kashmiri Pandits, 38 (CSVNI), 75, 76, 101, 109 identity, 63 Community Relations Council (CRC), 108 Kashmiri, 38, 39, 60 conflict in and about, 75, 311 Paramilitaries, Paramilitary, 73, 74, 76, 81, 92, Consultative Group on the Past, 75, 101 105, 110, 297 Derry, 74, 80, 83 ceasefires, 73, 92. See also Northern Ireland Good Friday Agreement, 74 Participatory action research, 148, 149, 151, paramilitary attacks, punishment, 73, 102 156. See also Research Methods paramilitary groups, organisations, 73, 76, Past 81, 92, 93, 95, 105, 121, 149, 295, 303 Influence, 203 paramilitary recruitment, 94, 95 legacy, 73 Peace III Programme, 76 Patriarchy, 132, 138, 141 post-Agreement, 71, 72, 76, 105, 109, 309, Peace, 19, 36, 44, 50, 73, 76, 104, 110, 138 315 inner, 47, 88, 90, 278, 309, 312 political conflict, 72 personal transformation model, 22, 100, 107 RAAD, 74 PEACE III Programme, 76. See also Northern the Troubles, 72–74, 77–79, 84, 86, 93, 94 Ireland 326 Index

Peacebuilding, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 18, 19, 20, Practices 37, 42, 44, 47, 48, 64, 72, 88–90, 107, traditional, 204, 250, 298, 300, 308. See also 127, 142, 149 Traditional healing discourse, 105, 108 Practitioners, 6, 9, 65, 104, 108, 109, 226, 230, macro, 111 247, 290, 291, 304, 306, 313 people-to-people, 99, 100 Prayer, Praying, 63, 80, 97, 158, 201, 202, 211, Peacekeeping, 10 212, 214, 216, 217, 229, 240 Peacemaking, 10 Present-absenteeism, Present absentee, 285 Pentecostal churches, 24, 192, 193, 200, 211, Presidential Task Force (PTF), 125, 126. 212, 214, 215, 296, 304, 312 See also Sri Lanka Performance of selves, 159, 160 Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA), 120, 121. Perpetrators, 36, 71, 87, 91, 120, 135, 150, 163, See also Sri Lanka 168, 174, 178, 182, 205, 225 Protagonism, 152, 180, 183, 310 Personal transformation, 50, 64, 180, 183, women’s, 153 309, 310 Protestant, 19, 78–80, 98, 310 model, 22, 100, 107 Psychosocial Assessment of Development and Péten, 152. See also Guatemala Humanitarian Interventions (PADHI), 42 Photography, 23, 153, 171, 180, 310 Psychosocial intervention PhotoPAR, 153, 154, 156, 157, 170, permission in Sri lanka, 126, 294 171,176–178, 311. See also Research practices. See psychosocial practices Methods programmes, 7, 8, 20, 23, 33, 34, 55–57, 61, Photovoice, 148, 153, 156, 181 64, 65, 72, 77, 78, 110, 130 Poetry, Poems, 65, 194–196, 207, 209, 312 Psychosocial practices, 6, 10, 11, 13–17, 21, Policy, Policies, 35, 42, 50, 51, 53, 59, 61, 25, 255, 260, 262, 282, 290–292, 299 64, 101, 103, 106, 108, 110, 180, 256, Psychosocial programming, programme, 33, 258, 283 34, 43, 53, 63, 111, 309 Political conflict, 2, 3, 16, 20, 33, 52, 72, 100, Psychosocial Working Group, 3, 4, 8, 9, 34 206, 293, 298, 307 Psycho–medical understandings of healing, transition, 24, 188, 210, 215, 216 211. See also Healing trauma, 3, 276, 277, 282, 284 Public Safety Act (PSA), 36 violence, 2–7, 18–20, 22, 33, 35, 37, 42, 47, Punishment attacks, 74 50, 61, 149, 215, 258, 260 beatings, 74 Polygamy, Polygamous, Polygynious, Purkho Migrant Camp, 38. See also JK Polygamist, 203–205, 227, 242 Purposive selection, sampling, 41, 78, 194. Positioning, 63, 174 See also Research Methods Postapartheid, 24, 188, 294 agreement, 19, 71, 72, 76, 95, 100, 105, 109, Q 295, 309, 315 Qualitative methods, 17, 232. See also Research conflict, 6, 19, 22, 24, 72, 80, 86, 93, 99, Methods 104, 105 Quantitative methods, 232, 249. See also Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 48, Research Methods 183, 295 Post-war, 118, 119, 124, 126, 128, 129, 136, R 141, 159, 224, 226, 237, 243, 245, 246, Republicans Action Against Drugs (RAAD), 249, 302 74. See Northern Ireland reconstruction, 251 Racialised gender violence, 181. See also transformation, 244 Violence Poverty, 12, 3, 74, 77, 80, 100, 110, 124, 130, Racialised violence, 150, 167, 182, 297, 311. 166, 210, 211, 213, 215, 217, 294–296 See also Violence Power, 14, 18, 47, 55, 64, 121, 143, 169, 182, Racism, 14, 181, 213, 215, 290, 293 241, 243, 260, 269, 277, 290 Ramaphoza, 189. See also South Africa hierarchies, 204 Regulo, Traditional Chief. See Nhakwe relations,14, 18, 50, 290 Research methods Index 327

accompaniers, 21, 147, 149, 157, 169, 175, Representation, 16, 37, 175, 197, 213 182, 303 of violence. See Violence-representation of action reflection cycle, Repression, 4, 121, 152, 188, 211, 293, 296, action-learning-reflection, 20 297, 301 action research, 77, 148, 149, 151, 153, 156, Re-rooting, 282 177, 182 Resilience, 61, 62, 63, 72, 76, 89, 90, 91, data analysis, 82, 132, 158 105, 125 ethnography, ethnographic, 21, 45, 263 of children, 76 ethical approval, clearance, 20, 81 Resistance, 155, 267 inductive approach, 194 Resources, 171, 301 feminist participatory and action research, Risk-taking activities, 76, 90, 105 148, 156 behaviours, 76, 90, 105 focus groups, focus group discussion, 23, 42, Rituals, 3, 10, 21, 24, 135, 147, 153, 171, 175, 43, 131, 132, 232 203, 204, 212, 214, 255, 256, 260–262 knowledge creation cycle, 21 Rule of law, 11, 23, 44, 118, 121 mixed methods, 21 Rwanda, 196 Nvivo, 21, 82 Rwandan genocide, 198, 199, 207 participatory action research, 148, 149, 151, 156 S quantitative, 232, 249 Samanbal thematic analysis, 42, 62 camp, 38, 39, 41, 45–48, 50, 52, 56, 60, Reconciliation. 47, 50, 52, 82, 122, 123, 125, 62, 63 141. See also Reconciliatory actions physical space, 38, 55 distributive, 50 Sangoma, 204. See also Traditional Healers instrumental, 50 Save the Children, 59, 199 socio-emotional, 50 Sectarian, Sectarianism, 73–75, 85, 98, 99, Reconstruction and Development 101, 107, 109 Programme, 189 Security, 10, 11, 18, 36, 37, 39, 44, 49, 56, 59, Recovery, 4, 5, 33, 37, 150, 226, 294 61, 77, 139, 246, 250, 263, 294 Refugee, Refugees, 189, 191, 198, 200, apparatus, 40 261, 307 Security Forces, 35, 36, 39, 55, 56, 61, 62 convention, status of refugees 1951, 189 Segregation, 256 identity, 303 Selfesteem, 5, 62, 77, 89, 93, 98, 99, 102, 107, Refugees Act (1998), 189. See also 151, 152, 175, 176, 291, 309 South Africa examination, 201–203, 205 World Refugee Day, 199 expressions, 24, 180 Rehabilitation, 39, 118, 120, 122, 124, 134 Self-harm, Self-harming, 74, 78, 85, 91. See Re-inscriptions, 269, 273 also Suicide Reintegration, 130, 225 Self-help groups, 169, 303 ex-combatants, 130, 136 Separation Wall, 256, 262. See also East Relationship, Relationships Jerusalem building, 12, 89, 98 Sequential traumatisation, 62. See also Trauma Religion, 18, 58, 62, 128, 246, 284, 300, 301 Settler colonialism, 256, 258, 261, 266, 283. Religious leaders, 224, 226, 239, 250. See also See also Colonisation, Colonialism Leaders Sharia law, 46 Reluctance, 85, 92, 106, 123, 135 Shona, 206, 209. See also Zimbabwe Remembrance, 246 Simelane, Eudy, 188 REMHI, 152, 159, 175, 178, 305. See also Sinhalese, 119, 128, 129, 131, 137. See also Guatemala Sri Lanka Renegades, 36. See also Vigilante groups Sinful behaviours, 203 Renamo, 224, 225, 230, 237, 238, 298. Sins, 201, 247 See also Mozambique ancestral, 203, 205 Repair, 47, 48, 64, 93, 239 personal, 203, 205 328 Index

Skills, 3–5, 9, 11, 13, 38, 40, 46, 53, 55, 57, Spaza shops, 189 59, 61, 64, 65, 78–80, 95, 98, 99, 103, Soweto, 189 105, 107 Thokoza, 189 Social and psychological Apartheid. See Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 206, Apartheid 211, 298, 305 Social Capital, 20, 64, 73 Soweto, 189. See also South Africa Social Spaza shops, 189. See also South Africa alienation, 295 Spirit possession, 225, 229, 230, 232, 234, 237, change, 89 238, 240, 245 dimensions, 3, 71, 280 Spirits, 225, 228, 229, 230, 232, 234, 239, 240, exclusion, 2, 73, 74, 100, 190, 293, 297, 301, 241, 244, 245, 248 307, 310, 311 ancestral, 230, 247 fabric, 47, 48, 64, 151, 180, 295, 309, 310 gamba, 25, 225, 230, 233, 234, 237, fragmentation, 201, 234, 238, 244–246, 249 239–241, 244, 247–249, 295, 306, 313 hierarchies, 44, 54, 210 madzoca, 243, 247, 313 justice, 20, 22, 33, 34, 54, 139, 216, 300, 312 of the dead, 225, 229, 245 problems, 2, 85, 102, 110, 137, 238, 243, of the war dead, 245 294, 295 Sri Lanka, 9, 19, 23, 62, 63, 118, 120, 122, responsibility, 48, 245 125, 129, 130, 142, 143 spaces, 181, 227, 231, 249 Anuradhapura, 23, 129, 130, 133, 135–140 suffering, 2 Colombo, 130, 132 transformation, 107, 127, 231, 309 Gender Based Violence Desk, 129 Social scientific research norms, 181. See also grease yaka, grease devils, 123 Traditional Jaffna, 23, 119, 128–139 Social support, Supports Kurunegala, 23, 129, 130, 132, 133, 137, community-based, 3, 131, 148, 245, 263 140, 141 Social technology, 260 Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Socio-economic, 4, 13, 18, 74, 100, 111, 142, Commission (LLRC), 122 224, 255, 294, 296, 302, 315 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), Socio-political, 118, 127, 149, 181, 205, 117, 293 284, 308 mental health unit, 126, 128, 129 Soldiers, 5, 123, 129, 130, 137, 141, 163, 167, Presidential Task Force (PTF), 125, 126 173, 199, 203, 225, 230, 237, 265, 273, Prevention of terrorism act (PTA), 120, 121 277, 294 Sinhalese, 119, 128, 129, 131, 137 Solidarity, 25, 50, 76, 154, 155, 179, 224, 238, Sri Lankan Army, 128 244, 249, 256, 264, 266, 271, 273, 277, Victory discourse, 118 299, 301, 302, 312, 313 village leaders, Grama Niladaris Song, Songs, 51, 196, 207–210 (Sevakas), 131 South Africa, 18, 19, 24, 167, 188–190, 196, white van abductions, 128 199, 201, 210, 211, 216, 291. See also Sri Lankan Army, 128. See also Sri-Lanka Post-apartheid Steadfastness, 264, 266, 267, 281. See also South Africa Palestinian Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, 188 Storytelling, 23, 78, 80, 96, 98, 153, 171, 177, apartheid, 18, 25, 188, 209, 211, 216, 298 180, 191, 198, 268, 309 Cape Flats, 200 informal, 198 Greater Gauteng Business Forum, 190 Structural Violence, 33, 54, 256, 283, 297 Jesuit Refugee Services, 196 Subliminal sectarian attitudes, 98, 99 Katlehong, 189 Subversion, 281 lobola, 204 Suicide. See also Self-harm Ministry of Child Development and rate, 92, 103 Women’s Affairs, 123 Suitcase Project, 24, 191, 196, 211, 212, 214, Ramaphoza, 189 215, 217, 295, 300, 303, 307, 310, 312, Refugees Act (1998), 189 313. See also Artwork Index 329

Sumoud. See Steadfastness courts, 227, 229, 232 Support group, 79, 80, 91, 102, 206, 211, 295. deference, 58 See also Self-help support groups family forms of conflict resolution, 303 Support networks, 290 gendered ideals, 55 Survival, 24, 129, 136, 142, 148, 164, 179, 180, healing, 3, 228, 231, 232 256, 261, 263, 269–271, 276, 277, 279, intergenerational relationships, 58 281–284 medicine, 225, 227 Surveillance, 121, 126, 128, 259, 263, 266, practices, 204, 250, 298, 300, 308. See also 269, 271, 274, 277 Practices strategies, 277 psycho-medical understandings Survivor, 75, 76, 93, 98, 139, 147, 199, 283 of healing, 211 group, 79–81 rituals, 204, 281 Sustainability, 93, 142 roles, 56 environmental, 12 social scientific research norms, 180 of interventions, projects, services, 140 social structures, 18 values, 52 T worshiping, 203 Tamil, 117, 121, 125, 126, 128–132, 136, 137, Traditional Healer, Healers, 243 140, 310. See also Sri Lanka Magic Medicine, Medicines, Tamil Tigers (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Mangwinira, 242 Eelam(LTTE)), 117, 293. See also Sangoma, 201, 204 Sri Lanka Terre’Blanche, Eugene, 188 Transience, 213 Terrorism, Terrorist, 117, 120, 122, 140, Transition to democracy, 58, 188, 189, 211 277, 310 Transitional contexts, times, 24, 149 “The Troubles”, 72, 74, 77, 78, 84, 94. See also Translate, Translation, 43, 56, 62, 64, 155, 156, Northern Ireland 180, 195, 196, 210, 215, 246, 306, 312 Theatre, 3, 11, 18, 23, 46, 53, 77, 102, 147, Trauma, 24, 53, 61–63, 78, 87, 89, 98, 101, 153, 180, 217, 299, 309 107, 118, 124, 127, 130, 136, 141, 190, Thematic analysis, 43, 62. See also Research 192, 194, 210, 211, 212 Methods conflict-related, 73 Themes, 21, 42, 77, 82, 83, 90, 100, 132, 161, scientific approaches, 225 192, 194, 214, 232, 269, 290, 292 sequential. See Sequential traumatisation Theory, 8, 17, 90, 108, 157, 215, 285, 308, 315 socially-embedded, 211 Therapy room, 10, 290 traditional approach to, approaches to, 212, Threat, 40, 60, 73, 74, 76, 100, 102, 121, 126, 214, 216, 217 128, 130, 142, 164, 190, 201, 204, 229, transmission, 75 259, 270, 293 understanding, 211, 276 Thokoza, 189. See also South Africa war, 225 Togetherness, 256, 266, 276, 282, 283 Traumatised, 53, 73, 79–82, 86, 125, 198, Together: Building a United Community, 76, 211, 295 109, 110. See also Northern Ireland Tribunal of Conscience, 171, 179. See also Torture, 35, 119–122, 124, 130, 131, 137–139, Guatemala 155, 205, 297 Truth and Reconciliation Commission, South Tourism, 27, 129 Africa, 305. See also South Africa Traditional Truth Commissions approaches, 191, 213–215, 217, 300 Truth and Reconciliation Commission, South authority, authorities, 58, 227 Africa, 206, 211, 298, 305 binaries of, 308 CEH, Guatemala, 149, 152 beliefs, belief systems, 178, 300 Truth-telling, 148, 150, 154, 159, 176, 179, caring roles, role of caring, 55 181, 283, 305 chiefs, chiefdom, 242 CEH, 159, 305. See also Guatemala counselling, counselling approach, 196, processes, 150, 154, 159, 305 213, 300 REMHI, 159, 175. See also Guatemala 330 Index

U Vulnerability, 73, 104, 123, 124, 137, 143, 196, Unaccompanied migrant children, 191. 211, 212, 214, 230, 295 See also Children Unemployment, 2, 12, 72–74, 80, 81, 84, 100, W 136, 257, 300 War, 223, 230, 310 Unity Accord. See Zimbabwe affected, 5, 127, 142, 303 Uprooting, 267, 269, 272, 273, 277, 282 trauma, 225 Watonguis. See Courts Well-being, 9, 13, 59 V economic, 13, 44, 88 Values, 2, 11, 12, 34, 46, 52, 136, 140, 199, psychosocial, 8, 9, 17, 22, 42, 60, 61, 90, 230, 247–249, 281, 305, 307 273, 278, 300, 302 Verbal techniques, 153, 174 West Bank, 256, 259, 274 Victims, 35, 39, 54, 63, 75, 76, 86, 97, 134, IDs, 256. See also Palestinian 138, 142, 143, 178, 207, 239 Witchcraft, 203, 233, 234, 237, 239, 247 groups, 10, 75, 290 Women, 54, 59, 60, 93, 123, 134, 141, 155, of domestic violence, 134 161, 163, 171, 174 of human rights abuses, 64 leaders, 134 of punishment beatings, 73 organisations, 56 of political violence, 53, 63, 282 programmes, 139, 141 of sexual assault, 35 protagonism, 23, 153, 183 of structural violence, 54 rights, 134, 148, 150, 154–157, 168, 169, silencing, 207 175, 176, 299 Victim/Survivor Group, 78, 84, 86–98 Women in Security, Conflict Management and Village Leaders, Grama Niladaris (Sevakas), Peace (WISCOMP), 38. See also JK 131. See also Sri Lanka World Bank, 74 Vigilante group(s) Cabos de Terra, 227 X Derry vigilante group RAAD, 74 Xenophobia, Xenophobic, 189, 191, 200, 294, N’fumo, 227, 242 297. See also Foreigners Renegafes, Ikhwanis, 36. See also JK Anti-xenophobia campaign, 191 Violence, 151, 163, 293–295 domestic, 39, 47, 55, 56, 59, 91, 128–131, Y 133, 134, 136–141, 150, 151, 168, 200, Yakjah Reconciliation and Development 214, 294, 305, 306, 311 Network, 41, 53. See also JK gender-based, 129 Young people, 10, 48, 52, 53, 58, 73–82, 84–87, murder of lesbian women, 188 89, 91, 93, 94–100, 191, 192, 196, 228, racialised, 150, 167, 182, 297, 311 274, 290, 295, 300, 306 racialised and gender, 181 Youth, 22, 51, 76, 77 rape, 35, 36, 56, 126, 136, 139, 155, 182, Alienation, 51–53 188, 203, 205, 245, 314 Youth Action Northern Ireland, 77. See also representations of, 159, 163, 167 Northern Ireland sexual, 23, 35, 56, 123, 148–151, 153–155, 159, 162, 166–170, 172–176, 179, 181, Z 297, 298, 306, 311, 313 ZANU PF. See Zimbabwe state, 100 ZAPU. See Zimbabwe structural, 33, 54, 256, 283, 297 Zimbabwe, 215, 295, 305 xenophobic, 189 Gukurahundi, 194, 205–207, 209, 210, 312 Voices, 153, 154, 275 King Lobhengula, 207, 219 of dissent, 58 Movement for Democratic Change of the dead, 255, 260, 275 (MDC), 206 silent, 260 National Unity Day, 206 Voiceless, 260, 267, 273, 275, 276, 283 Ndebele, 194, 195, 205–208, 210 Index 331

Organ of National Healing, 206 Zimbabwe Action Movement (ZAM), 24, 194, Shona, 206, 209 205, 207, 295. See also Zimbabwe Unity Accord, 205, 206 Zimbabwe Support Group (ZSG), 206. See also ZANU PF, 205, 206 Zimbabwe ZAPU, 205 Zimbabwean, 193, 206, 207, 209, 212, Zimbabwe Action Movement (ZAM), 214, 313 24, 295 Zimbabwe Support Group (ZSG), 206 Zionism, 258