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ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IMPACT OF FOLK MUSIC ON THE WORKS OF MACEDONIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC COMPOSERS M.A. THESIS Gizem ALEVER Department of Musicology and Music Theory Music Theory and Composition M.A. Programme Çalgı-Ses Programı JUNE 2019 ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IMPACT OF FOLK MUSIC ON THE WORKS OF MACEDONIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC COMPOSERS M.A. THESIS Gizem ALEVER (409161204) Department of Musicology and Music Theory Music Theory and Composition Programme Thesis Advisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Eray ALTINBÜKEN JUNE 2019 İSTANBUL TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MAKEDON HALK MÜZİĞİNİN MAKEDONYALI KLASİK MÜZİK BESTECİLERİNİN ESERLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Gizem ALEVER (409161204) Müzikoloji ve Müzik Teorisi Anabilim Dalı Müzik Teorisi ve Kompozisyon Yüksek Lisans Programı Çalgı-Ses Programı Tez Danışmanı: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Eray ALTINBÜKEN HAZİRAN 2019 Gizem Alever, is a M.A student of ITU Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences student ID 409161204, successfully defended the thesis entitled “ THE IMPACT OF FOLK MUSIC ON THE WORKS OF MACEDONIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC COMPOSERS”, which she prepared after fulfilling the requirements specified in the associated legislations, before the jury whose signatures are below. Thesis Advisor : Assist. Prof. Dr. Eray ALTINBÜKEN .............................. İstanbul Technical University Jury Team : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Belma OĞUL .............................. İstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Hasan UÇARSU ............................. Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University Date of Submission : 3 May 2019 Date of Defense : 12 June 2019 v FOREWORD Music is endless journey and we encounter various genres of music. First of all, I want to thank my family for they introduced me with music when I was a child. In my way, music of Balkan Peninsula especially music of Macedonia (today’s Republic of North Macedonia) fascinates me always. My interest to music of this region and my knowledge of music composition, contributed to occur this thesis. Firstly I want to thank my advisor Assist. Prof. Dr. Eray ALTINBÜKEN for his support. Also I’m very grateful for Assoc. Prof. Dr. Belma OĞUL’ s help. She introduced me to Macedonian ethnomusicologist Velika STOJKOVA. I’m also very grateful to Velika STOJKOVA for her help. When I visited SOKOM in Skopje, Macedonia to take various sources about this thesis such as sheet music, CDs, articles and books, she gave me a lot of sources and she introduced me her father Stojan STOJKOV who is well known composer in Republic of North Macedonia. I had the opportunity to make interview with him about his compositions. I want to also thank these composers who shared their musics and knowladge about their works Soni PETROVSKI, Valentina VELKOVSKA TRAJANOVKSA and Bojana PETROVIĆ ALEKSOVA. I also thank ITU TMDK composition department where I work as a research assistant and my roommate Research Assistant Zeynep Ayşe HATİPOĞLU. Our heads of department Feridun ÖNEY, Neşe Yeşim ALTINEL ÇOBAN and all of lecturers for their kind attitudes during my thesis process. I want to also thank Oğuzhan BALCI for his supports for forming my musical identity. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Hasan UÇARSU and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Belma OĞUL, for accepting to be member of my thesis jury. Finally I want to thank my husband Kaan SANCAKTAR who saw my all anxious side in my writing process and he provided endless moral support. May 2019 Gizem ALEVER vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ................................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... xiii SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... xv ÖZET .............................................................................................................. xvii 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of Thesis .................................................................................... 1 1.2 Method of Study ..................................................................................... 1 1.3 Literature Review ..................................................................................... 2 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................. 3 2.1 The Formation Process of the Classical Music Scene in Republic of North Macedonia .................................................................................... 3 2.2 Generations of Macedonian Classical Music Composers from 1930s to Present ..................................................................................................... 5 3. INFLUENCES OF FOLK MUSIC ON THE MACEDONIAN COMPOSERS ............................................................................................... 9 3.1 Folk Music in Macedonia ......................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Scales ............................................................................................ 10 3.2.2 Metric – Rhythmic Structure ........................................................ 11 3.2.3 Instruments ................................................................................... 13 3.2.4 Vocal tradition .............................................................................. 15 3.2 Influence of Folk Music on Macedonian Classical Music ..................... 16 4. ANALYSIS OF FOLK MUSIC FEATURES IN THE WORKS BY MACEDONIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC COMPOSERS FROM DIFFERENT GENERATIONS ................................................................ 25 4.1 Todor Skalovski – Baltepe .................................................................... 25 4.1.1 Composer’ s biography ................................................................ 25 4.1.2 Analysis of “Baltepe” by Todor Skalovski .................................. 26 4.2 Trajko Prokopiev – Kumanovka 3 ........................................................ 31 4.2.1 Composer’s biography ................................................................. 31 4.2.2 Analysis of “Kumanovka 3” by Trajko Prokopiev ...................... 33 4.3 Kiril Makedonski – Tančarka ............................................................... 37 4.3.1 Composer’s biography ................................................................. 37 4.3.2 Analysis of “Tančarka“ by Kiril Makedonski ............................. 39 4.4 Vlastimir Nikolovski – Toccata ............................................................ 43 4.4.1 Composer’s biography ................................................................. 43 4.4.2 Analysis of “Toccata” by Vlastimir Nikolovski ......................... 45 4.5 Blagoj Canev – Folklorna Kanoni ........................................................ 49 4.5.1 Composer’s biography ................................................................. 49 4.5.2 Analysis of “Folklorni Canoni” by Blagoj Canev ........................ 51 4.6 Stojan Stojkov – Selska Suita ............................................................... 53 4.6.1 Composer’s biography ................................................................. 53 4.6.2 Analysis of “Selska Svita” by Stojan Stojkov ............................. 55 4.7 Soni Petrovski – Bric a Brac ................................................................. 60 ix 4.7.1 Composer’s biography ......................................................................... 60 4.8.2 Analysis of “Bric a Brac” from Soni Petrovski ............................ 60 4.9 Bojana Petrovic Aleksova – “Kantus” .................................................. 65 4.9.1 Composer’s biography.................................................................. 65 4.9.2 Analysis of “Kantus” by Bojana Petrović Aleksova ................... 65 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 73 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 77 CURRICULUM VITAE ................................................................................. 83 ABBREVIATIONS CD : Compact Disc ICFM : International Council of Folk Music ICTM : International Council of Traditional Music İTÜ TMDK : İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Türk Musikisi Devlet Konservatuvarı m. : Measure p. : page SOKOM : Sojuz na Kompozitori na Makedonija xi LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.1: Choral arrangement by Stefan Gajdov – Sevdalino Maloj Mome ............ 6 Figure 2.2: “Makedonsko Oro” by Todor Skalovski m. 1-5 ........................................ 6 Figure 2.3: “Makedonsko Oro” by Todor Skalovski m. 61-65 .................................... 7 Figure 2.4: “Makedonsko Oro” by Todor Skalovski m. 85-88 .................................... 7 Figure 3.1: Oriental Tetrachord.................................................................................. 10 Figure 3.2: Hicaz Tetrachord ..................................................................................... 10 Figure 3.3: Augmented second between second and third degress ............................ 11 Figure