Scientific Diving Techniques, a Practical Guide for the Research

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Scientific Diving Techniques, a Practical Guide for the Research Scientific Diving Techniques, A Practical The next three chapters of the book are devoted Guide for the Research Diver to specific techniques. Chapter 4 describes methods of underwater location, marking, and John N. Heine mapping. Chapter 5 presents the underwater 225 pages. Best Publishing Company research techniques used by geologists, ISBN: 0-941-33269-1 physical oceanographers, and archeologists and Chapter 6 focuses on measurements Review by Alice Alldredge of biotic factors and processes. I found University of California, myself absolutely fascinated by the ver- Santa Barbara, California USA satility, ingenuity and cleverness of sci- entific divers. They have invented The key word in the title of John Heine's devices to measure the shear strength thorough and extensively referenced book on of sediments, generated seismic scientific diving techniques is "practical." The waves with spear guns, mapped book is not only packed with clear descriptions sunken ships with underwater com- of the huge variety of methods, samplers, and puters, performed surgery underwater, and instruments developed by underwater figured out how to attach temperature probes to researchers over the last half century but also pro- wild dolphins. Perusing the literally hundreds of tech- vides extensive citations to the scientific literature niques Heine describes and thoroughly references, describing each technique and specific contact informa- including new high tech instruments being developed tion for manufacturers and suppliers of everything from for diver use, actually gave me a number of new ideas underwater transect tapes, epoxy, and pneumatic drills for my own underwater research. to diver-held fluorometers. Heine, himself a veteran The final chapter is devoted to underwater photogra- researcher and dive officer at Moss Landing Marine Lab phy and video. It references protocols for making video for 20 years, has produced a treasure house of informa- transects and photographs for quantitative assessment. tion for novice and experienced scientific divers alike. Many color photographs of instruments, equipment, The book begins with a brief description of the histo- and divers working underwater illustrate techniques ry of scientific diving and of the role of the American throughout the book. The book is also enhanced by Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS), the national- brief outlines of suggested training exercises aimed at ly recognized scientific diving organization through familiarizing scientific diving certification classes with which the scientific diving community maintains high underwater scientific techniques. standards of safety and diving reciprocity. It then Although laudably comprehensive, a few helpful summarizes the variety of aquatic habitats in which topics are missing including a discussion of high scientific divers work including everything from reefs altitude diving and tips for scientific divers asked to and rivers to offshore platforms, caves, and the open sea. untangle lines from ship propellers or search for and The third chapter describes specific underwater diving recover lost equipment. The book would also be equipment, including Nitrox and rebreathers. It particu- enhanced by the addition of an index although each larly focuses on the special equipment needed in severe chapter is divided into clearly labeled subsections. conditions including very cold, turbid, dark, caustic, or Overall this is a well organized, clearly written, polluted waters. In some cases Heine makes specific rec- engrossing, and above all "practical" guide for scientif- ommendations for types and even brands of equipment ic diving techniques sure to provide a valuable refer- known to operate reliably under extreme conditions and ence source and stimulate the research creativity of cites studies documenting his recommendations. even the most experienced underwater scientist. rqo .~ra Markgr~ /adhams, G ed by Char] Neil Andn Oceanography • VoZ. 14 • No. 1/2001 9i .
Recommended publications
  • Requirements for Scientific Diver Certification
    Requirements for Scientific Diver Certification The steps to become a Certified Scientific Diver at the University of Washington (UW) are outlined below. 1. Obtain sponsorship for scientific diving by an appropriate University department or unit. Applicants who do not have a departmental sponsor and want to learn to be scientific divers can complete the Scientific Diver Course at UW Friday Harbor Labs. This course meets the requirements for full Scientific Diver certification as outlined below, and includes research projects for students to receive dive training. 2. Read the UW Diving Safety Manual. UW divers must understand and follow the safety, procedural, and medical requirements outlined in the manual and submit a signed copy of the Dive Manual Acknowledgement form. 3. Complete and submit the Diving Registration Form to the UW Diving Safety Officer (DSO). This form must be signed by the department official sponsoring the diver (e.g., principal investigator, department chair) . Submission of this form is a onetime requirement while at the UW. The form is resubmitted if any diver information changes. 4. Complete and submit documentation of recreational SCUBA diver training to UW DSO. Diving applicants must have completed a recreational SCUBA diving training course as a pre-requisite for scientific diving certification at the UW. Recreational SCUBA diving training must be provided by a nationally recognized organization (e.g., PADI, NAUI, SSI, IANTD, TDI). 5. Obtain Diving Medical Clearance from the UW Employee Health Center. Applicants will contact the UW Employee Health Center (EHC) to obtain necessary information for completing a dive physical and for transfer of medical records.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Operating Procedures for Scientific Diving
    Standard Operating Procedures for Scientific Diving The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas Texas 78373 Amended January 9, 2020 1 This standard operating procedure is derived in large part from the American Academy of Underwater Sciences standard for scientific diving, published in March of 2019. FOREWORD “Since 1951 the scientific diving community has endeavored to promote safe, effective diving through self-imposed diver training and education programs. Over the years, manuals for diving safety have been circulated between organizations, revised and modified for local implementation, and have resulted in an enviable safety record. This document represents the minimal safety standards for scientific diving at the present day. As diving science progresses so must this standard, and it is the responsibility of every member of the Academy to see that it always reflects state of the art, safe diving practice.” American Academy of Underwater Sciences ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Academy thanks the numerous dedicated individual and organizational members for their contributions and editorial comments in the production of these standards. Revision History Approved by AAUS BOD December 2018 Available at www.aaus.org/About/Diving Standards 2 Table of Contents Volume 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Section 1.00 GENERAL POLICY ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 23 ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES: ALTERNOBARIC
    Environmental Extremes: Alternobaric Chapter 23 ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES: ALTERNOBARIC RICHARD A. SCHEURING, DO, MS*; WILLIAM RAINEY JOHNSON, MD†; GEOFFREY E. CIARLONE, PhD‡; DAVID KEYSER, PhD§; NAILI CHEN, DO, MPH, MASc¥; and FRANCIS G. O’CONNOR, MD, MPH¶ INTRODUCTION DEFINITIONS MILITARY HISTORY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Altitude Aviation Undersea Operations MILITARY APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY Altitude Aviation Undersea Operations HUMAN PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS Altitude Aviation Undersea Operations ONLINE RESOURCES FOR ALTERNOBARIC ENVIRONMENTS SUMMARY *Colonel, Medical Corps, US Army Reserve; Associate Professor, Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sci- ences, Bethesda, Maryland †Lieutenant, Medical Corps, US Navy; Undersea Medical Officer, Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland ‡Lieutenant, Medical Service Corps, US Navy; Research Physiologist, Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland §Program Director, Traumatic Injury Research Program; Assistant Professor, Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland ¥Colonel, Medical Corps, US Air Force; Assistant Professor, Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland ¶Colonel (Retired), Medical Corps, US Army; Professor and former Department Chair, Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,
    [Show full text]
  • Diving Safety Manual Revision 3.2
    Diving Safety Manual Revision 3.2 Original Document: June 22, 1983 Revision 1: January 1, 1991 Revision 2: May 15, 2002 Revision 3: September 1, 2010 Revision 3.1: September 15, 2014 Revision 3.2: February 8, 2018 WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION i WHOI Diving Safety Manual DIVING SAFETY MANUAL, REVISION 3.2 Revision 3.2 of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Diving Safety Manual has been reviewed and is approved for implementation. It replaces and supersedes all previous versions and diving-related Institution Memoranda. Dr. George P. Lohmann Edward F. O’Brien Chair, Diving Control Board Diving Safety Officer MS#23 MS#28 [email protected] [email protected] Ronald Reif David Fisichella Institution Safety Officer Diving Control Board MS#48 MS#17 [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Laurence P. Madin John D. Sisson Diving Control Board Diving Control Board MS#39 MS#18 [email protected] [email protected] Christopher Land Dr. Steve Elgar Diving Control Board Diving Control Board MS# 33 MS #11 [email protected] [email protected] Martin McCafferty EMT-P, DMT, EMD-A Diving Control Board DAN Medical Information Specialist [email protected] ii WHOI Diving Safety Manual WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION DIVING SAFETY MANUAL REVISION 3.2, September 5, 2017 INTRODUCTION Scuba diving was first used at the Institution in the summer of 1952. At first, formal instruction and proper information was unavailable, but in early 1953 training was obtained at the Naval Submarine Escape Training Tank in New London, Connecticut and also with the Navy Underwater Demolition Team in St.
    [Show full text]
  • A Call to Action: the Past and Future of Historical Archaeology
    A Call to Action: The Past and Future of Historical Archaeology FINAL PROGRAM 49th Annual Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology January 6-9, 2016 • Washington, D.C. OMNI SHOREHAM HOTEL FLOOR PLAN LOWER LEVEL 2 B Terrace Health Veranda Empire Club To Room Parkview Rooms Robert’s ADA Elevator Private Blue Room Blue Robert’s Restaurant Dining Palladian Diplomat to Blue Room Prefunction Room Room Room Room & Parkview Building Empire Foyer Sales Conference Room Parking Lot Rest Bird Cage Walk Rooms Women’s Lounge ADA Lift to (Lower Level) Ambassador and Little Something Men’s Clothing Executive Regency Ball Rooms Capitol East Registration Gormet ADA Elevator Store Room Telephones ATM to Roberts Restaurant Committee Level 1B Room Director’s Room East and Palladian Room WEST LOBBY West Room Elevators EAST LOBBY Elevators Coat Check Stairs Embassy Room AMBASSADOR Telephones Women’s News Stand Men’s Business West BALLROOM Gift Shop MAIN LOBBY Jewelry Restroom Center Registration Lounge Store Men’s Women’s Men’s Lounge Concerge Telephones Restroom Restroom President’s Desk (Lower Level) Hampton Room Board Room Front Desk Council Regency Gallery Room Senate Room Chairman’s & Reception Board Room Room Forum Room East Congressional West Conference Calvert Conference Governors Marquee Lounge Center Room Cabinet Center Board Room Room REGENCY BALLROOM EAST LOBBY MAIN ENTRANCE Calvert Room For Access to Diplomat ballrooms Capitol Room BALLROOMS (East Lobby) ADA Ramp Chairman’s Boardroom To Lobby Please use elevators on the West Side Embassy Room Blue Room and go to level 1B. Governor’s Boardroom Blue Pre-Function Hampton Room Hampton For Access to the Empire Ballroom President’s Boardroom and Health Club/Outdoor Pool East Registration Please use elevators on the West Side BALLROOMS (West Lobby) of the Hotel and go to level 2B.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop
    PROCEEDINGS OF BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP — 10 ft E 30 ft TIME AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES September 25 - 27, 1989 Woods Hole, Massachusetts Proceedings of the AAUS Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop Michael A. Lang and Glen H. Egstrom, (Editors) Copyright © 1990 by AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES 947 Newhall Street Costa Mesa, CA 92627 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Copies of these Proceedings can be purchased from AAUS at the above address This workshop was sponsored in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Commerce, under grant number 40AANR902932, through the Office of Undersea Research, and in part by the Diving Equipment Manufacturers Association (DEMA), and in part by the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS). The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding the copyright notation that appears above. Opinions presented at the Workshop and in the Proceedings are those of the contributors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP WHOI/MBL Woods Hole, Massachusetts September 25 - 27, 1989 MICHAEL A. LANG GLEN H. EGSTROM Editors American Academy of Underwater Sciences 947 Newhall Street, Costa Mesa, California 92627 U.S.A. An American Academy of Underwater Sciences Diving Safety Publication AAUSDSP-BSA-01-90 CONTENTS Preface i About AAUS ii Executive Summary iii Acknowledgments v Session 1: Introductory Session Welcoming address - Michael A.
    [Show full text]
  • Darling Marine Center Local Shore Diving Guide
    Darling Marine Center Local Shore Diving Guide University of Maine Scientific Diving Program Table of Contents Recommended Equipment List……………………………………………………………..2 Local Information…………………………………………………………………………...3 Recompression Chambers…………………………………………………………………..3 General Emergency Action Plan…………………………………………………………….3-4 Documentation……………………………………………………………………………….4 Dive Sites DMC Pier……………………………………………………………………………5-6 Kresge Point………………………………………………………………………….7-8 Lowes Cove Mooring Field…………………………………………………………..9-10 Pemaquid Point……………………………………………………………………….11-12 Rachel Carson Preserve………………………………………………………………13-15 Sand Cove…………………………………………………………………………….16-17 Thread of life…………………………………………………………………………18-19 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………20 1 Recommended Equipment List • Dive flag • DAN oxygen and first aid kit • Spare tank • Extra weights • Save-a-dive kit • Dive slate/underwater paper (recording purposes) Recommended Personal Equipment • Exposure suit- minimum7mm wetsuit o Booties o Gloves o Hood o Wool socks • Fins • BCD • Mask, Snorkel • Weights • Surface marker buoy • Dive watch • Dive computer • Knife/cutting tool 2 Local Information: Fire, Medical, Police 911 Emergency Dispatch Lincoln County Emergency (207)563-3200 Center Nearest Hospital Lincoln Health-Miles (207)563-1234 Campus USCG Boothbay (207)633-2661 Divers Alert Network Emergency hotline 1-919-684-9111 Medical information 1-919-684-2948 Diving Safety Officer Christopher Rigaud (207)563-8273 Recompression Chambers: In the event of a diving accident, call 911 and facilitate transport of victim to a hospital or medical facility. The medical staff will determine whether hyperbaric treatment is needed. St. Mary’s Regional Lewiston, ME (207)777-8331 Will NOT accept Medical Center divers after 4:30pm St. Joseph’s Hospital Bangor, ME (207)262-1550 Typically, available after hours Wound and Beverly, MA (978)921-1210 Hyperbaric Medicine Basic Emergency Information: See Appendix for the approved Emergency Action Plan by the UMaine DCB.
    [Show full text]
  • Autonomic Conflict: a Different Way to Die During Cold Water Immersion
    J Physiol 590.14 (2012) pp 3219–3230 3219 TOPICAL REVIEW ‘Autonomic conflict’: a different way to die during cold water immersion? Michael J. Shattock1 and Michael J. Tipton2 1Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London, UK 2Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sports and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK Abstract Cold water submersion can induce a high incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in healthy volunteers. Submersion and the release of breath holding can activate two powerful and antagonistic responses: the ‘cold shock response’ and the ‘diving response’.The former involves the activation of a sympathetically driven tachycardia while the latter promotes a parasympathetically mediated bradycardia. We propose that the strong and simultaneous activation of the two limbs of the autonomic nervous system (‘autonomic conflict’) may account for these arrhythmias and may, in some vulnerable individuals, be responsible for deaths that have previously wrongly been ascribed to drowning or hypothermia. In this review, we consider the evidence supporting this claim and also hypothesise that other environmental triggers may induce autonomic conflict and this may be more widely responsible for sudden death in individuals with other predisposing conditions. (Received 6 February 2012; accepted after revision 27 April 2012; first published online 30 April 2012) Corresponding author M. Shattock: Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK. Email: [email protected] Introduction: do all drowning victims drown? on average, we lose about one child a week. Historically, death in cold water was generally ascribed to hypothermia; In most countries of the world, immersion represents the more recently, description of the initial ‘cold shock’ second most common cause of accidental death in children response (Tipton, 1989b) to immersion and other factors and the third in adults (Bierens et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Sea Dive Ebook Free Download
    DEEP SEA DIVE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Frank Lampard | 112 pages | 07 Apr 2016 | Hachette Children's Group | 9780349132136 | English | London, United Kingdom Deep Sea Dive PDF Book Zombie Worm. Marrus orthocanna. Deep diving can mean something else in the commercial diving field. They can be found all over the world. Depth at which breathing compressed air exposes the diver to an oxygen partial pressure of 1. Retrieved 31 May Diving medicine. Arthur J. Retrieved 13 March Although commercial and military divers often operate at those depths, or even deeper, they are surface supplied. Minimal visibility is still possible far deeper. The temperature is rising in the ocean and we still don't know what kind of an impact that will have on the many species that exist in the ocean. Guiel Jr. His dive was aborted due to equipment failure. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Depth limit for a group of 2 to 3 French Level 3 recreational divers, breathing air. Underwater diving to a depth beyond the norm accepted by the associated community. Limpet mine Speargun Hawaiian sling Polespear. Michele Geraci [42]. Diving safety. Retrieved 19 September All of these considerations result in the amount of breathing gas required for deep diving being much greater than for shallow open water diving. King Crab. Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive. The bottom part which has the pilot sphere inside. List of diving environments by type Altitude diving Benign water diving Confined water diving Deep diving Inland diving Inshore diving Muck diving Night diving Open-water diving Black-water diving Blue-water diving Penetration diving Cave diving Ice diving Wreck diving Recreational dive sites Underwater environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory and Treatment Solo Cave Diving
    Decompression Sickness: Theory and Treatment Solo Cave Diving: Just How Safe Is It? A Few Words About Decompression Schedules Cave Diving Into The Dominican Past Diving Pioneers & Innovators: A Series of In Depth Interviews (Dick Bonin) Issue 8 – September 2012 Contents Editorial Editorial 2 Welcome to the eighth issue of Tech Diving Mag. In this issue, the contributors have, once more, brought together a wealth Decompression Sickness: Theory and Treatment of information, along with some distinctive first hand experiences. The By Bret Gilliam 3 contributors for this issue are world renowned industry professional Bret Gilliam, accomplished diver, instructor trainer and book author Steve Lewis, technical diving instructor Peter Buzzacott (PhD) and Solo Cave Diving: Just How Safe Is It? cave explorer Cristian Pittaro. Get to know more about them and read By Peter Buzzacott 22 their bio at www.techdivingmag.com/contributors.html. As you might know, Tech Diving Mag is based on article contribution A Few Words About Decompression Schedules from the readership. So you’re always welcome to drop me a line if you’re interested in volunteering an article. One more much appreciated By Steve Lewis 29 thing is your photos (even without articles)! For submission guidelines, take a look at www.techdivingmag.com/guidelines.html. Cave Diving Into The Dominican Past Tech Diving Mag is very much your magazine and I am always keen By Cristian Pittaro 37 to have your input. If you want to share your views, drop me a line at [email protected]. Diving Pioneers & Innovators: A Series of In Please visit www.techdivingmag.com/communicate.html to subscribe Depth Interviews (Dick Bonin) to the newsletter in order to be notified when new issues are available for download.
    [Show full text]
  • Diver Medical | Participant Questionnaire Directions
    Diver Medical | Participant Questionnaire Recreational scuba diving and freediving requires good physical and mental health. There are a few medical conditions which can be hazardous while diving, listed below. Those who have, or are predisposed to, any of these conditions, should be evaluated by a physician. This Diver Medical Participant Questionnaire provides a basis to determine if you should seek out that evaluation. If you have any concerns about your diving fitness not represented on this form, consult with your physician before diving. If you are feeling ill, avoid diving. If you think you may have a contagious disease, protect yourself and others by not participating in dive training and/or dive activities. References to “diving” on this form encompass both recreational scuba diving and freediving. This form is principally designed as an initial medical screen for new divers, but is also appropriate for divers taking continuing education. For your safety, and that of others who may dive with you, answer all questions honestly. Directions Complete this questionnaire as a prerequisite to a recreational scuba diving or freediving course. Note to women: If you are pregnant, or attempting to become pregnant, do not dive. Yes I have had problems with my lungs/breathing, heart, blood, or have been diagnosed with COVID-19. No 1 Go to Box A Yes I am over 45 years of age. No 2 Go to Box B I struggle to perform moderate exercise (for example, walk 1.6 kilometer/one mile in 14 minutes 3 or swim 200 meters/yards without resting), OR I have been unable to participate in a normal Yes No physical activity due to fitness or health reasons within the past 12 months.
    [Show full text]
  • Adm Issue 10 Finnished
    4x4x4x4 Four times a year Four times the copy Four times the quality Four times the dive experience Advanced Diver Magazine might just be a quarterly magazine, printing four issues a year. Still, compared to all other U.S. monthly dive maga- zines, Advanced Diver provides four times the copy, four times the quality and four times the dive experience. The staff and contribu- tors at ADM are all about diving, diving more than should be legally allowed. We are constantly out in the field "doing it," exploring, photographing and gathering the latest information about what we love to do. In this issue, you might notice that ADM is once again expanding by 16 pages to bring you, our readers, even more information and contin- ued high-quality photography. Our goal is to be the best dive magazine in the history of diving! I think we are on the right track. Tell us what you think and read about what others have to say in the new "letters to bubba" section found on page 17. Curt Bowen Publisher Issue 10 • • Pg 3 Advanced Diver Magazine, Inc. © 2001, All Rights Reserved Editor & Publisher Curt Bowen General Manager Linda Bowen Staff Writers / Photographers Jeff Barris • Jon Bojar Brett Hemphill • Tom Isgar Leroy McNeal • Bill Mercadante John Rawlings • Jim Rozzi Deco-Modeling Dr. Bruce Wienke Text Editor Heidi Spencer Assistants Rusty Farst • Tim O’Leary • David Rhea Jason Richards • Joe Rojas • Wes Skiles Contributors (alphabetical listing) Mike Ball•Philip Beckner•Vern Benke Dan Block•Bart Bjorkman•Jack & Karen Bowen Steve Cantu•Rich & Doris Chupak•Bob Halstead Jitka Hyniova•Steve Keene•Dan Malone Tim Morgan•Jeff Parnell•Duncan Price Jakub Rehacek•Adam Rose•Carl Saieva Susan Sharples•Charley Tulip•David Walker Guy Wittig•Mark Zurl Advanced Diver Magazine is published quarterly in Bradenton, Florida.
    [Show full text]