U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Domain Awareness
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1 UNCLASSIFIED U.S.U.S. CoastCoast GuardGuard MaritimeMaritime DomainDomain AwarenessAwareness Curtis L. Dubay, P.E. Director, MDA Program Integration U.S. Coast Guard 12 August 2009 U.S. Coast Guard USCGUSCG GlobalGlobal MissionsMissions Maritime Safety Security Stewardship Unclassified U.S. Coast Guard 4 ChallengesChallenges toto GlobalGlobal SecuritySecurity • Organized crime • Exclusive Economic • Piracy Zone (resource) exploitation • Drug smuggling • Illegal fishing • Human smuggling and slavery • Trade disruption • Illegal weapons • Illegal migration movement & • Search and Rescue proliferation • Environmental attack • Terrorism Nations find their well-being challenged by these common threats to Maritime Security U.S. Coast Guard CGCG MissionMission ProgramsPrograms Safety • Marine Safety • Search and Rescue Security • Defense Readiness • Ports, Waterways, & Coastal Security • Drug Interdiction • Migrant Interdiction • Other Law Enforcement Stewardship • Marine Environmental Protection • Living Marine Resources Enforcement • Aids to Navigation • Ice Operations Unclassified U.S. Coast Guard ExclusiveExclusive EconomicEconomic ZoneZone (world(world’’ss largest)largest) Unclassified U.S. Coast Guard 6 Safety Port Security States U.S. Coast Guard ship Regimes Steward Maritime Governance (Policies, Regulations) Awareness Operations Government International rvt Sector Private Global CommonsApproaches Unity of Effort Across the Maritime Domain Port States 2 MaritimeMaritime DomainDomain AwarenessAwareness (MDA)(MDA) …the effective understanding of anything associated with the global maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment U.S. Coast Guard Operational Challenges Barrow •High Latitudes •Severe Weather ine L ary Nome nd •Great Distances ou e B tim •Remote locations ari M St. Paul Cordova Attu Juneau Kodiak Ketchikan Dutch Harbor Cold Bay U.S. Coast Guard Freedom of Navigation in the Arctic Russia Greenland Arctic Ocean North Atlantic Bering Ocean Alaska Sea Canada Northern Sea Route UNCLASSIFIED Northwest PassageU.S. Coast Guard The Bering Strait RS 50 NM US U.S. Coast Guard TheThe WayWay ForwardForward-- AwarenessAwareness 11 U.S. Coast Guard U.S.U.S. CoastCoast GuardGuard ObservingObserving ActivitiesActivities • Provider – USCG Station Observations* – Observations from Sensors at USCG Sites* – USCG Cutter Observations* – USCG Aircraft Observations – USCG Polar Icebreaker Observations – Self-Locating Datum Marker Buoys (SLDMB) – National Ice Center (Navy, NOAA, and USCG) – International Ice Patrol – Radio Broadcasts* – GPS Surface Observing System (GSOS) (NOAA) – NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC)+ *Coordination with UNCLOG (USCG/NWS Coordination Liaison Group) +Vessel, aircraft, and boat support for data buoy deployments, retrievals, etc. U.S. Coast Guard ArcticArctic && NearNear ArcticArctic Observations:Observations: USCGUSCG ExamplesExamples - International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) – USCGC HEALY deployed 12 buoys in the Arctic Ocean in 2008 and plans to deploy 11 in 2009 - ARGO Program – ARGO float deployments in Arctic Ocean by USCGC HEALY – ARGO float deployments in southern ocean s by USCG icebreakers during transit to Antarctica. - SLDMB Program – Deployments in Bering Sea for Search & Rescue Program - Vessel and Aircraft Support for NDBC Data Buoy Program in Alaska - Arctic Domain Awareness Program (D17) : Science-of-Opportunity measurements from cutters and C-130 flights - NOAA GSOS Integrated Precipitible Water Vapor Program (5 sites in AK) U.S. Coast Guard NOAA/GSDNOAA/GSD GroundGround--BasedBased GPSGPS MeteorologyMeteorology (GPS(GPS--MET)MET) U.S. Coast Guard Arctic Domain Awareness • Air Patrols – ‘Eyes on’ above the Arctic Circle – Provide scientists platforms of opportunity – Media opportunity to increase ADA at the global level Barrow Prudhoe Bay Kivalina Nome U.S. Coast Guard 15 Layered MDA Coastal 24 - 300 nm Ports & Approaches < 24 nm High Seas 300 - 2,000 nm High Seas 300 - 2,000 nm U.S. Coast Guard 16 Layered MDA Sensor Coverage Areas CG Enterprise Long Range Identification and Tracking • Global position reporting per SOLAS regulations. Nationwide Automated Identification System • 4 daily broadcasts per IMO • Nationwide network of towers & IOC • 160+ contracting governments transceivers participating in LRIT efforts • Similar to aircraft transponders • Command Center monitors • Track 40,000+ SOLAS Class • VHF radio-based (line of sight vessel behavior with radars vessels globally technology), self-generated and cameras. vessel reports per IMO/SOLAS • Satellite-based reporting. • Corroborate vessel behavior • Provides AIS data feed to CG with actions advertised in enterprise data stores. LRIT/NAIS and in ship reports • Inside 50 NM: near real time • Joint planning and ops tools reports (seconds/minutes). • Real-time op decision • Inside 2000NM: less frequent support. satellite based coverage. • Covers critical port/coastal approaches to 24NM. Port Classified Systems US State Port All tracking systems feed data to CG enterprise data warehouse for strategic fusion. U.S. Coast Guard UNCLASSIFIED Generated using Google Earth® U.S. Coast Guard CommercialAIS Detections AIS Satellites from a Single Pass U.S. Coast Guard 7 National MDA Governance A federal interdepartmental and interagency leadership structure Maritime Domain Awareness Global Maritime Global Maritime Stakeholder Board Intelligence Integration Situational Awareness MDA SB meets monthly, G5 meet weekly GMAII DOT DHS DOD GMSA CNO-CCG Warfighter Talks U.S. Coast Guard 28 InIn ConclusionConclusion • The US Coast Guard is one of many agencies in a layered approach to MDA • A variety of sensors, analysis tools, technologies, & partnerships combine to guard our waters • Global implementation & continued international partnerships are essential • MDA is the key to effectively implementing any maritime security strategy U.S. Coast Guard Questions?Questions? UNCLASSIFIEDU.S. Coast Guard.