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Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Health Disorders Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Health Disorders Guest Editors: Vincent Pialoux, Damian Bailey, and Rémi Mounier Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Health Disorders Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Health Disorders Guest Editors: Vincent Pialoux, Damian Bailey, and Remi´ Mounier Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Mohammad Abdollahi, Iran Michael R. Hoane, USA Sidhartha D. Ray, USA Antonio Ayala, Spain Vladimir Jakovljevic, Serbia FranciscoJavierRomero,Spain Peter Backx, Canada Raouf A. Khalil, USA Gabriele Saretzki, UK Consuelo Borras, Spain Neelam Khaper, Canada Honglian Shi, USA Elisa Cabiscol, Spain Mike Kingsley, UK Cinzia Signorini, Italy Vittorio Calabrese, Italy Eugene A. Kiyatkin, USA Richard Siow, UK Shao-yu Chen, USA Lars-Oliver Klotz, Canada Sidney J. Stohs, USA Zhao Zhong Chong, USA Ron Kohen, Israel Oren Tirosh, Israel Felipe Dal-Pizzol, Brazil Jean-Claude Lavoie, Canada Madia Trujillo, Uruguay Ozcan Erel, Turkey Christopher Horst Lillig, Germany Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar, USA Ersin Fadillioglu, Turkey Kenneth Maiese, USA Donald A. Vessey, USA Qingping Feng, Canada Bruno Meloni, Australia Victor M. Victor, Spain Swaran J. S. Flora, India Luisa Minghetti, Italy Michal Wozniak, Poland Janusz Gebicki, Australia Ryuichi Morishita, Japan Sho-ichi Yamagishi, Japan Husam Ghanim, USA Donatella Pietraforte, Italy Liang-Jun Yan, USA Daniela Giustarini, Italy Aurel Popa-Wagner, Germany Jing Yi, China HunjooHa,RepublicofKorea Jose´ L. Quiles, Spain Guillermo Zalba, Spain Giles E. Hardingham, UK Pranela Rameshwar, USA Contents Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Health Disorders, Vincent Pialoux and Remi´ Mounier Volume 2012, Article ID 940121, 2 pages Blueberry Extracts Protect Testis from Hypobaric Hypoxia Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats, Andrea Zepeda, Luis G. Aguayo, Jorge Fuentealba, Carolina Figueroa, Alejandro Acevedo, Perla Salgado, Gloria M. Calaf, and Jorge Far´ıas Volume 2012, Article ID 975870, 7 pages Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Retinopathy, Suk-Yee Li, Zhong Jie Fu, and Amy C. Y. Lo Volume 2012, Article ID 426769, 10 pages The Hypoxic Testicle: Physiology and Pathophysiology,JuanG.Reyes,JorgeG.Farias, Sebastian´ Henr´ıquez-Olavarrieta, Eva Madrid, Mario Parraga, Andrea B. Zepeda, and Ricardo D. Moreno Volume 2012, Article ID 929285, 15 pages PGC-1α Induction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Manuel Mata, Irene Sarrion, Lara Milian, GustavoJuan,MercedesRamon,DoloresNaufal,JuanGil,F.Ridocci,O.Fabregat-Andres,´ and Julio Cortijo Volume 2012, Article ID 236572, 8 pages Lung Oxidative Damage by Hypoxia,O.F.AranedaandM.Tuesta Volume 2012, Article ID 856918, 18 pages Kluyveromyces lactis: A Suitable Yeast Model to Study Cellular Defense Mechanisms against Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress,M.IsabelGonzalez´ Siso and M. Esperanza Cerdan´ Volume 2012, Article ID 634674, 14 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2012, Article ID 940121, 2 pages doi:10.1155/2012/940121 Editorial Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress in Health Disorders Vincent Pialoux1 and Remi´ Mounier2 1 Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation sur le Sport, EA 647, Universit´e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 27-29 Rue du 11 Novembre 1918, Campus La Doua, Villeurbanne, 69622 Villeurbanne, France 2 Equipe´ G´en´etique et Physiopathologie de Maladies Neurod´eveloppementales et Neuromusculaires, Institut Cochin, UMR8104 CNRS, INSERM U1016, Universit´e Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France Correspondence should be addressed to Vincent Pialoux, [email protected] Received 27 November 2012; Accepted 27 November 2012 Copyright © 2012 V. Pialoux and R. Mounier. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Chronic hypoxia has been shown to promote a large number state by hypoxia via the increase of ROS generation in mito- of pathologies such as hypertension, cardiovascular and chondria, as from activation of NADPH oxidase, xanthine metabolic disorders, and respiratory diseases. The oxidative oxidase/reductase, and nitric oxide synthase enzymes, as well stress that occurs during intermittent or continuous cellular as throughout inflammatory process. Then, the role and hypoxia is likely involved in all these diseases. Indeed, impact of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant in the the reactive species were demonstrated to inhibit active modulation of the pathways involved in the physiopatholog- substances, modulate the signaling of intracellular pathways, ical response to hypoxia are extensively discussed. In a last and mediate enzymes activation, which are known to play part, the authors report the evolution of the two most studied a critical role in the geneses and/or the outcomes of these makers of oxidative stress (exhaled nitric oxide for humans pathologies. and pulmonary content of malondialdehydes for animals) in The four review articles of this special issue describe the the lung in response to hypoxic exposure. current knowledge regarding the role of oxidative stress in The paper of J. G. Reyes et al. synthesizes the current ischemic retinopathy, pulmonary diseases, and infertile testis state of knowledge of the physiology of the testicles under and discuss a new model of yeast to study hypoxia-induced pathologic hypoxic conditions that lead to reduced sper- oxidative stress. In addition, the two original research articles matogenesis. The molecular events triggered by all causes of presented in this issue further expand the understanding hypoxia in the testis share common mechanistic pathways of the redox biology in the context of pulmonary arterial involving ROS generated by mitochondrial dysfunction and hypertension and impaired spermatogenesis induced by activation of enzymes such as xanthine oxidase or the hypoxia. inducible nitric oxide synthase. The recent results analyzed The review article by S.-Y. Li et al. presents the underly- suggest that conditions such as germ cell apoptosis and DNA ing mechanisms involved in the hypoxia/ischemia-induced damage are common features in hypoxic testicles such as oxidative damage in diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy varicocele and testicular torsion. In addition, the oxidative of prematurity. In particular, the authors have discussed damages present in hypoxia suggest the ROS play a role in the effect of therapeutic strategies of antioxidants treatment the initiation stages of germ cell damage and apoptosis. such as administration of catalase and superoxide dismutase, In another review by M. I. G. Siso and M. E. Cerdan´ vitamin E, and lutein and inhibition of NADPH oxidase or the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis K. is proposed as a respiratory similar signaling pathways in these retinal ischemic diseases. eukaryote model, complementary to the fermentative S. The extensive review by O. F. Araneda and M. Tuesta cerevisiae, for the study of the pathways of hypoxia-induced reports recent in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence oxidative stress. Although these two yeasts share homology that shows the implied mechanisms in pulmonary redox between their acting proteins, the experimental studies 2 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity described in this review reveal that there are many differences from a comparative perspective with respect to the signaling pathways and mechanisms of cells regulation including life span adjustment, programmed cell dead, autophagy, and mitophagy. The paper by A. Zepeda et al. tests the protective and antioxidant effects of a blueberry extract in testis of rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. The authors demonstrated that the decreased apoptosis of the testicles cells observed with such supplementation was probably driven by a reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzymes activ- ities. This suggests that blueberry extract may have a high antioxidant capacity and that its regular ingestion could prevent the testicles disorders related to oxidative stress induced by hypoxia. Finally, M. Mata et al. address the relationship between the expression of the proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), the pulmonary vascular resistance, and the oxidative stress (cytochrome c and SOD expression) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The results suggest that PGC-1α likely modulates by oxidative mecha- nisms at the mitochondrial level of patients with pulmonary hypertension and could be used as a biomarker since it is not expressed healthy subjects. In conclusion, the growing body of evidence suggests that the paradoxical increase in ROS generation is at the heart of the pathologic mechanisms associated with the hypoxic feature. In this respect, we are convinced that the study of the underlying mechanisms increasing oxidative stress in the pathologies associated with hypoxia will be essential to develop the future therapies/treatments of these diseases. Acknowledgments This special issue would not be possible without the great efforts of the authors and the reviewers. In this regard, we would like to thank
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