DOCSLIB.ORG

Ant and Earthworm Bioturbation in Cold-Temperate Ecosystems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ant and Earthworm Bioturbation in Cold-Temperate Ecosystems Ecosystems https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0317-2 Ó 2018 The Author(s) Ant and Earthworm Bioturbation in Cold-Temperate Ecosystems A. R. Taylor,1* L. Lenoir,1 B. Vegerfors,2 and T. Persson1 1Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; 2Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden ABSTRACT In temperate ecosystems, earthworms and ants are the soil pH (pH 5–7.2). Estimates of ant bioturbation at the most important organisms for bioturbation. Little is same sites were based on nest abundance, size and known about how these groups contribute to biotur- residence time. Mean ant bioturbation varied between bation in different environments and to what extent 0.2and1Mgdrysoilha-1 y-1, but individual plots overall bioturbation depends on their diversity. We hadupto2.4Mgdrysoilha-1 y-1. In soils with pH developed a formula that allows quantification of an- higher than 5, the relative contribution of ants to total nual earthworm bioturbation, thereby taking differ- bioturbation was only 1–5%. Ant bioturbation was ences between earthworm ecotypes into account. higher than earthworm bioturbation only in some With this formula, we calculated earthworm biotur- forest soils with pH 3.9–4.4. Thus, earthworms appear bation at three sites, each with vegetation types typi- to be the dominant cause of bioturbation in most types cally found in Northern Europe. Earthworm of terrestrial ecosystems in the cold-temperate areas of bioturbation was low (1 Mg dry soil ha-1 y-1)in Europe and when information on local earthworm Scots pine and Norway spruce forests with acidic soil communities and monthly soil temperatures is avail- (pH 3.9–4.4) and high (between 15 and 34 Mg dry able, bioturbation can be quantified using the pre- soil ha-1 y-1) in broadleaf forests, grasslands, alder sented ‘earthworm bioturbation formula’. carr and spruce forests on calcareous soil. Burrowing (endogeic and anecic) earthworms accounted for most Key words: Aporrectodea caliginosa; egestion; of the earthworm bioturbation, and these worms had Lumbricidae; Myrmica; nest density; pH; soil turn- the highest population densities at moderate-to-high over; temperature dependence. HIGHLIGHTS We present a method to calculate earthworm and ant bioturbation Earthworm and ant bioturbation depended on the species composition Received 20 January 2018; accepted 29 September 2018 Earthworm bioturbation was larger than ant bioturbation at soil pH > 4.3 Author Contribution: T. Persson conceived the funding, designed the study and performed the research together with L. Lenoir and A.R. Taylor. T. Persson developed the model to estimate earthworm biotur- INTRODUCTION bation, L. Lenoir estimated ant bioturbation and A.R. Taylor contributed with new methods for the underlying baseline research. B. Vegerfors In cold-temperate regions, earthworms and ants analysed the data. A.R. Taylor and T. Persson wrote the paper and L. are the most important ‘ecosystem engineers’ (La- Lenoir commented on the manuscript. ´ *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] velle and others 1997; Jones and Gutierrez 2007) A.R. Taylor and others that significantly affect the structure and function anecic (deep burrowing) species—which separates of the ecosystems they inhabit (Folgarait 1998;Le species according to their life history strategies and Bayon and others 2017) via their bioturbation behaviour. The latter has an impact on the nutri- activity. Bioturbation, that is, the biological tional quality of the food resources consumed reworking of soils and sediments (Meysman and which in turn strongly affects species egestion rates others 2006), takes place when earthworms and and thus bioturbation. Ant bioturbation and its ants transport soil and organic matter from one effect on the environment are also largely depen- place to the other. Earthworms translocate and mix dent on the respective ant species and their nest- soil when feeding/egesting, while ants bioturbate building characteristics (Frouz and Jilkova´ 2008). via their nest-building activities. Although most ants live in below-ground galleries Earthworm and ant bioturbation contributes to a and chambers (Dosta´l and others 2005), a small range of ecosystem services, like decomposition, group of ants—the majority of which are in the nutrient cycling, soil structuring/formation and the genus Formica—build most of their nest above- regulation of water and gas exchange (Lavelle and ground using needles, twigs, resin and bark col- others 2006; Wall and others 2012). However, the lected from the surrounding forest floor (Laakso impact of bioturbation on individual services and and Seta¨la¨ 1998; Jurgensen and others 2008). Nest the temporal and spatial dynamics of their biotur- density, that is, the number of ant nests per area, bation activity differ significantly between both has been suggested as the most important factor groups (Folgarait 1998; Wilkinson and others 2009; explaining variation in soil turnover by ants be- Blouin and others 2013; Turbe´ and others 2010). tween different habitats (Lobry de Bruyn and This is, on the one hand, due to earthworms and Conacher 1994). ants having different spatial aggregation patterns, The goal of the present study was to assess and dispersal distances and life spans. On the other compare environmental engineering activities of hand, the longevity and physical and chemical ants and earthworms—using bioturbation as a properties of the biotic structures created by both proxy—in a range of vegetation types shared by groups above-ground (for example, mounds, nests, both groups. We used an indirect approach to place casts, middens) and below-ground (for example, earthworm and ant bioturbation in a quantitative galleries, chambers, burrows, casts) are distinctly framework via estimating the amount of soil and different (Hedde and others 2005). Earthworm OM moved over time by each group. We see this as casts and burrows differ from ant artefacts by the a first step towards linking empirical data on origin of their organic matter (OM) and the gut abundance and composition of soil ecosystem transit experienced before structure building. Thus, engineer communities with their function in a the resource quality for microorganisms in these specific environment and their impact on ecosys- biostructures differs depending on engineer forag- tem services (Meysman and others 2006). For ing specificity leading to differences in the OM earthworms, we developed a formula that allows humification rates (Hedde and others 2005). There quantifying annual earthworm bioturbation; it is are only few studies that directly link the func- based, amongst other parameters, on the egestion tioning of biological soil components like that of rates of the most common European earthworm soil ecosystem engineers to ecosystem services species. For ants, calculations of annual bioturba- (Adhikari and Hartemink 2016) because it is tion are based on ant nest density, volume and inherently difficulty to measure their impact on a residence time. For both groups, we distinguish particular ecosystem service under field conditions between the contributions of different ant species (Barrios 2007). and earthworm ecotypes. To assess the full impact of environmental engi- The present study focusses on the bioturbation of neering by earthworms and ants in cold-temperate ecosystem engineers in grasslands and cold-tem- regions, it is important to consider the cumulative perate forests in Sweden. However, the results will effects of bioturbation by both groups and to relate be significant for a much wider region because the the rate of material transport to their community vegetation types investigated are typically found all characteristics, that is, species composition and over Scandinavia and even Northern Europe. Par- abundance, in the particular environment investi- ticularly in Finland and Sweden, forests account for gated (Wilkinson and others 2009). Differences in around 70% of the land area. In these Scandinavian the bioturbation activity of earthworm species are forests and woodlands, especially those dominated reflected in the common division into three eco- by pine and oak, ants are recognized as important logical types (sensu Bouche´ 1977)—epigeic (sur- ecosystem engineers (Douwes and others 2012) face living), endogeic (shallow burrowing) and which may to a certain extent be due to their visual Ant and Earthworm Bioturbation presence, for example the large, visible ant mounds SKB, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Manage- often constructed by ants of the genus Formica. ment Company, which needed soil biological data Earthworms are assumed to be of lesser importance, on these two sites for selection of a repository of particularly in pine- and spruce-dominated forests, radioactive waste from nuclear plants. The third because, in contrast to ants, they are negatively af- site consisted of a number of sub-sites in the Upp- fected by low soil pH (Lofs-Holmin 1983; Edwards sala region, Spikbole, Andersby a¨ngsbackar, Fex- and Bohlen 1996), which is very common in Scan- boda and O¨ sterbybruk (Table 1). The climate at all dinavian coniferous forests. Therefore, traditionally sites is characterized by semi-arid conditions during far more research focusses on the functional role of the growing season (daily mean > +5°C) that earthworms in agricultural fields and grasslands (for extends over 180 days (May–September) at Fors- example, Scheu 2003)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Impact of Afforestation on Earthworm Populations in Iceland
    ICEL. AGRIC. SCI. 26 (2013), 21-36 Impact of afforestation on earthworm populations in Iceland Bjarni D. SigurDSSon and Bjarni E. guDlEifSSon Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, IS-311 Borgarnes, Iceland. e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author), [email protected] ABSTRACT Earthworms were collected from different vegetation types in East and West Iceland. The vegetation types in East Iceland were Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) forests, native mountain birch (Betula pubescens) wood- lands and open heathlands. The study areas in West Iceland were Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests, mountain birch woodlands and open heathlands. Four earthworm species (Dendrobaena octaedra, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus rubellus) were identi- fied at both study areas and two additional ones in the West Iceland (Aporrectodea rosea and Octolasion cyaneum). No significant differences were detected in average earthworm species number and biomass between treeless heathlands and forests in East or West Iceland. There were, however, significant differences between the native deciduous forests and the coniferous plantations in West, but not East Iceland. Time since afforestation was found to have a significant effect on both earthworm diversity and density and should always be included in future studies. All earthworm parameters were positively related to soil N and amount of monocots, but negatively related to soil C/N ratio, tree LAI and tree height. Soil pH had no significant influence on any of the earthworm parameters. The most noteworthy finding was that earthworms were generally found in similar biomass and species richness in the exotic coniferous plantations in Iceland compared to the treeless heathlands, even if earthworm species composition showed strong changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Annelida, Lumbricidae) - Description Based on Morphological and Molecular Data
    A new earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) - description based on morphological and molecular data The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Díaz Cosín, Darío J., Marta Novo, Rosa Fernández, Daniel Fernández Marchán, and Mónica Gutiérrez. 2014. “A new earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) - description based on morphological and molecular data.” ZooKeys (399): 71-87. doi:10.3897/zookeys.399.7273. http:// dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.399.7273. Published Version doi:10.3897/zookeys.399.7273 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12406906 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 399: A71–87 new (2014) earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n... 71 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.399.7273 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) - description based on morphological and molecular data Darío J. Díaz Cosín1,†, Marta Novo1,2,‡, Rosa Fernández1,3,§, Daniel Fernández Marchán1,|, Mónica Gutiérrez1,¶ 1
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Revision of the Palaearctic Members of the Formica Rufa Group (Hymeno­Ptera: Formicidae) – the Famous Mound-Building Red Wood Ants Bernhard Seifert
    ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 31: 133-179 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133 28 April 2021 Original Article ZooBank LSID: 0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae) – the famous mound-building red wood ants Bernhard Seifert Abstract A revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group, the famous mound-building red wood ants, is pre- sented based on Numeric Morphology-Based Alpha-Taxonomy (NUMOBAT) and on genetic information from studies published in cooperation with others. Standardized morphological character systems were described numerically to allow objective hypothesis formation by exploratory data analyses and testing by hypothesis-driven data analyses. NU- MOBAT data were recorded in a total of 1200 samples with 5500 worker individuals and 410 gynes. Comparative tables to workers and gynes of all species and the most frequent hybrids and a key to the workers are presented. Considering 54 available names, the survey recognized 13 good species, 32 junior synonyms and eight names not interpretable to species level (incertae sedis). The ratio of junior synonyms against the number of recognized species is elevenfold the ratio found in a revision of Palaearctic Lasius s.str. conducted by the same author in 2020 with basically the same methodology. Excessive name production in the F. rufa group is partly result of the big attention these eye-catching ants have received by naturalists but it also reflects the enormous difficulties to reasonably interpret a multitude of phenotypes. These difficulties are caused by extraordinary frequency of reticulate evolution, particular mechanisms for the evolution of deviating local populations, and intraspecific polymorphism with differences sometimes being larger than those between species.
    [Show full text]
  • Annelida, Lumbricidae) - Description Based on Morphological and Molecular Data
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 399: A71–87 new (2014) earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n... 71 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.399.7273 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) - description based on morphological and molecular data Darío J. Díaz Cosín1,†, Marta Novo1,2,‡, Rosa Fernández1,3,§, Daniel Fernández Marchán1,|, Mónica Gutiérrez1,¶ 1 Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain 2 Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, BIOSI 1, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10, 3TL, UK3 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA † http://zoobank.org/38538B17-F127-4438-9DE2-F9D6C597D044 ‡ http://zoobank.org/79DA5419-91D5-4EAB-BC72-1E46F10C716A § http://zoobank.org/99618966-BB50-4A01-8FA0-7B1CC31686B6 | http://zoobank.org/CAB83B57-ABD1-40D9-B16A-654281D71D58 ¶ http://zoobank.org/E1A7E77A-9CD5-4D67-88A3-C7F65AD6A5BE Corresponding author: Darío J. Díaz Cosín ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. Blakemore | Received 17 February 2014 | Accepted 25 March 2014 | Published 9 April 2014 http://zoobank.org/F5AC3116-E79E-4442-9B26-2765A5243D5E Citation: Cosín DJD, Novo M, Fernández R, Marchán DF, Gutiérrez M (2014) A new earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) - description based on morphological and molecular data. ZooKeys 399: 71–87. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.399.7273 Abstract The morphological and anatomical simplicity of soil dwelling animals, such as earthworms, has limited the establishment of a robust taxonomy making it sometimes subjective to authors’ criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Wood Ants of the UK
    Guide to the Wood Ants of the UK and related species © Stewart Taylor © Stewart Taylor Wood Ants of the UK This guide is aimed at anyone who wants to learn more about mound-building woodland ants in the UK and how to identify the three ‘true’ Wood Ant species: Southern Red Wood Ant, Scottish Wood Ant and Hairy Wood Ant. The Blood-red Ant and Narrow-headed Ant (which overlap with the Wood Ants in their appearance, habitat and range) are also included here. The Shining Guest Ant is dependent on Wood Ants for survival so is included in this guide to raise awareness of this tiny and overlooked species. A further related species, Formica pratensis is not included in this guide. It has been considered extinct on mainland Britain since 2005 and is now only found on Jersey and Guernsey in the British Isles. Funding by CLIF, National Parks Protectors Published by the Cairngorms National Park Authority © CNPA 2021. All rights reserved. Contents What are Wood Ants? 02 Why are they important? 04 The Wood Ant calendar 05 Colony establishment and life cycle 06 Scottish Wood Ant 08 Hairy Wood Ant 09 Southern Red Wood Ant 10 Blood-red Ant 11 Narrow-headed Ant 12 Shining Guest Ant 13 Comparison between Shining Guest Ant and Slender Ant 14 Where to find Wood Ants 15 Nest mounds 18 Species distributions 19 Managing habitat for wood ants 22 Survey techniques and monitoring 25 Recording Wood Ants 26 Conservation status of Wood Ants 27 Further information 28 01 What are Wood Ants? Wood Ants are large, red and brown-black ants and in Europe most species live in woodland habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Title of the Paper
    Behera ‒ Patnaik: Negative effect of phosphogypsum over physiological activity of earthworm Eisenia fetida - 4455 - NEGATIVE EFFECT OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM OVER PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF EARTHWORM EISENIA FETIDA BEHERA, A. K.* – PATNAIK, A. School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768019, India (phone: +91-89-8423-7334) *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] (Received 22nd Mar 2018; accepted 27th Jun 2018) Abstract. The study aimed to assess the genuine impact of phosphogypsum on the growth, feeding, respiration and regeneration of earthworm Eisenia fetida. In laboratory condition the earthworms were cultured under 0% (control), 4%, 8% and 10% concentration of phosphogypsum for 30 days. After completion of every 10 day changes in the above parameters were observed to track the impact of phosphogypsum. With increasing exposure duration and concentration of phosphogypsum lower growth rate, declined feeding habit, maximum respiration rate and deprived regeneration power were noticed. The highest and lowest growths were 1.39 gm at 0% and 0.05 gm at 10%, respectively. Maximum feeding rate was 32.65 with a minimum rate 16.20 g g-1 live tissue. Respiration rate was highest at 10% i.e. 0.0578 g-1 live worm tissue hr-1 kg-1 soil, as most of the energy used to respire to sustain in such diverse condition and 0.575 g-1 live worm tissue hr-1 kg-1 soil recorded as lowest in 0%. The rate of regeneration was deeply hampered and there was no viable worms left at 8% and 10% concentration to assess. Regeneration was only observed at 0% and 4%.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Distribution, Conservation and Functional Relationships
    Irish Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Distribution, Conservation and Functional Relationships Submitted by: Dipl. Biol. Robin Niechoj Supervisor: Prof. John Breen Submitted in accordance with the academic requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick Limerick, April 2011 Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis and that it has not been submitted for any other academic award. References and acknowledgements have been made, where necessary, to the work of others. Signature: Date: Robin Niechoj Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Limerick ii Acknowledgements/Danksagung I wish to thank: Dr. John Breen for his supervision, encouragement and patience throughout the past 5 years. His infectious positive attitude towards both work and life was and always will be appreciated. Dr. Kenneth Byrne and Dr. Mogens Nielsen for accepting to examine this thesis, all the CréBeo team for advice, corrections of the report and Dr. Olaf Schmidt (also) for verification of the earthworm identification, Dr. Siobhán Jordan and her team for elemental analyses, Maria Long and Emma Glanville (NPWS) for advice, Catherine Elder for all her support, including fieldwork and proof reading, Dr. Patricia O’Flaherty and John O’Donovan for help with the proof reading, Robert Hutchinson for his help with the freeze-drying, and last but not least all the staff and postgraduate students of the Department of Life Sciences for their contribution to my work. Ich möchte mich bedanken bei: Katrin Wagner für ihre Hilfe im Labor, sowie ihre Worte der Motivation.
    [Show full text]
  • “Building Behaviour and the Control of Nest Climate in Acromyrmex Leaf Cutting Ants”
    “Building behaviour and the control of nest climate in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants” Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Leonardo Martin Bollazzi Sosa Aus Las Piedras, Uruguay. Würzburg, März 2008 2 Eingereicht am: 19 März 2008 Mitglieder der Promotionskommission: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. M. J. Müller Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Flavio Roces Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Judith Korb Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: 28 Mai 2008 Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am: …………………………………………………… 3 Contents Summary..................................................................................................................................6 Zusammenfassung ...............................................................................................................9 1. Introduction and general aim...................................................................................12 1.1. Specific aims and experimental approach.........................................................14 2. Thermal preference for fungus culturing and brood location by workers of the thatching grass-cutting ant Acromyrmex heyeri.................................................16 2.1. Introduction............................................................................................................16 2.2. Methods..................................................................................................................18 2.3. Results....................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta) Earthworms
    etics & E en vo g lu t lo i y o h n a P r f y Journal of Phylogenetics & Perez-Losada et al., J Phylogen Evolution Biol 2015, 3:1 o B l i a o n l r o DOI: 10.4172/2329-9002.1000140 u g o y J Evolutionary Biology ISSN: 2329-9002 Research Article Open Access An Updated Multilocus Phylogeny of the Lumbricidae (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta) Earthworms Marcos Pérez-Losada1-3*, Jesse W Breinholt4, Manuel Aira5 and Jorge Domínguez5 1CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal. 2Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA 3Department of Invertebrate Zoology, US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA 4Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 5Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Spain Abstract Lumbricidae earthworms dominate agricultural lands and often natural terrestrial ecosystems in temperate regions in Europe. They impact soil properties and nutrient cycling, shaping plant community composition and aboveground food webs. The simplicity of the earthworm body plan has hampered morphology-based classifications and taxonomy; hence current research on Lumbricidae systematic relies mostly on molecular data from multiple or single locus [e.g., cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes] to infer evolutionary relationships, validate taxonomic groups and/or identify species. Here we use multiple nuclear and mitochondrial gene regions (including COI) to generate updated maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies of the family Lumbricidae. We then compare these trees to new COI trees to assess the performance of COI at inferring lumbricid inter-generic relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Pontoscolex Corethrurus Shabnam Taheri
    Macro and micro-evolutionary processes within a complex of species, case study of the tropical invasive earthworm : pontoscolex corethrurus Shabnam Taheri To cite this version: Shabnam Taheri. Macro and micro-evolutionary processes within a complex of species, case study of the tropical invasive earthworm : pontoscolex corethrurus. Environmental Engineering. Université Paris-Est, 2018. English. NNT : 2018PESC1024. tel-01972898v1 HAL Id: tel-01972898 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01972898v1 Submitted on 8 Jan 2019 (v1), last revised 8 Jan 2019 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse de Doctorat à l’Université Paris-Est Créteil Ecole Doctorale SIE: Sciences, Ingénierie, Environnement Macro and micro-evolutionary processes within a complex of species, case study of the tropical invasive earthworm; Pontoscolex corethrurus Shabnam Taheri Date de Soutenance : 6 mars 2018 Membres du jury : Myriam Valero, Professeur, CNRS, Roscoff Rapporteur Jorge Domínguez, Professeur, ECIMAT, UVIGO Rapporteur Thibaud Decaëns, Professeur, CNRS, UM Examinateur Rodolphe Rougerie, Maître de Conférences, CNRS, MNHN Examinateur Virginie Roy, Maître de Conférences, IEES-Paris, UPEC Examinatrice Lise Dupont, Maître de Conférences, IEES-Paris, UPEC Directrice de thèse 1 Remarque préliminaire : Cette thèse est rédigée en anglais, cependant, étant donné qu’elle a été réalisée en France, un résumé en français est également fourni à la fin du manuscrit.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Megadrili) of the Southern Kuril Islands Using DNA Barcodes S
    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 41.1 (2018) 9 Identifying earthworms (Oligochaeta, Megadrili) of the Southern Kuril Islands using DNA barcodes S. V. Shekhovtsov, Yu. N. Sundukov, R. J. Blakemore, K. B. Gongalsky, S. E. Peltek Shekhovtsov, S. V., Sundukov, Yu. N., Blakemore, R. J., Gongalsky, K. B., Peltek, S. E., 2018. Identifying earth- worms (Oligochaeta, Megadrili) of the Southern Kuril Islands using DNA barcodes. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 41.1: 9–17, Doi: https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2018.41.0009 Abstract Identifying earthworms (Oligochaeta, Megadrili) of the Southern Kuril Islands using DNA barcodes. The Kuril Islands are a volcanic archipelago located between Hokkaido and Kamchatka. In this study we investigated earthworm fauna of three of the Southern Kuril Islands, Kunashir, Shikotan, and Yuri, using both morphological analysis and DNA barcoding. Our results highlight the potential of DNA barcoding for studying earthworm fauna: while previous studies reported only six earthworm species and subspecies on the Southern Kurils, we detected 15 genetic clusters. Six of them correspond to European cosmopolites; six, to Asian species; and three, to unidentified species. While no European earthworms were found on Yuri that is uninhabited since WWII, they dominated on larger and inhabited Kunashir and Shikotan, suggesting that they are recent invaders. Of the six Asian species, five had cox1 sequences identical or very closely related to published sequences from the mainland or the Japanese islands and thus are recent invaders. Key words: Earthworms, Megadrili, cox1, Barcoding, Kuril islands Resumen Identificación de las lombrices (Oligochaeta, Megadrili) del sur de las Islas Kuriles utilizando códigos de barras de ADN.
    [Show full text]
  • Interaction Between Soil Fauna and Their Environment Jean-François Ponge
    Interaction between soil fauna and their environment Jean-François Ponge To cite this version: Jean-François Ponge. Interaction between soil fauna and their environment. Rastin, N., Bauhus, J. Going underground: ecological studies in forest soils, Research Signpost, pp.45-76, 1999. hal- 00504819 HAL Id: hal-00504819 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00504819 Submitted on 21 Jul 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. INTERACTION BETWEEN SOIL FAUNA AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT PONGE Jean-François, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Générale, 4 avenue du Petit-Château, 91800 Brunoy (France), tel. +33 1 60479213, fax +33 1 60465009, E-mail: Jean- [email protected] Running title: SOIL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT Abstract and associate functions in forest ecosystems (1, 2). From agents helping in tree nutrition (symbiotic Interactions between soil animals and their organisms) and recycling of primary production environment can be described in terms of positive (decomposers) they passed to the status of full and negative feed-back loops taking place in the members of the forest ecosystem, acting side-by- build-up and steady-state of soil ecosystems, side with trees to ensure its build-up and stability respectively.
    [Show full text]