Airpower Journal, Published Quarterly, Is the Professional Journal of the United States Air Force
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Secretary of the Air Force Dr Donal d B. Ri ce Air Force Chief of Staff Gen Merrill A. McPeak Commander, Air University Lt Gen Charles G. Boyd Commander, Center for Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Education Col Ervin C. Sharpe, Jr. Editor Lt Col Richard B. Clark Associate Editor Capt John J. Doherty Professional Staff Hugh Richardson, Contributing Editor Marvin W. Bassett, Contributing Editor Steven C. Garst. Director of Art and Production Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator Thomas L. Howell, Prepress Production Manager The Airpower Journal, published quarterly, is the professional journal of the United States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open forum for presenting and stimulating innovative think- ing on military doctrine, strategy, tactics, force structure, readiness, and other national defense matters. The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carrying the offi- cial sanction of the Department of Defense, the Air Force, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. Articles in this edition may be reproduced in whole or in part without permission. If re- produced, the Airpower Journal requests a courtesy line. JOURNAL Spring 1992, Vol. VI, No. I AFRP 50-2 Editorial 2 Advocating Mission Needs in Tomorrow’s World Gen John M. Loh, USAF 4 Space: A New Strategic Frontier Lt Gen Thomas S. Moorman, JrM USAF 14 The Problem with Our Air Power Doctrine X Lt Col Phillip S. Meilinger, USAF 24 A Carrier Air Wing for the Air Force: Challenges for the Composite Wing Maj Chris J. Krisinger, USAF 32 A New Paradigm for Organizational y Structure Capt Graham W. Rinehart, USAF 43 Pointblank: A Study in Strategic and National Security Decision Making Col Ed Crowder, USAF 55 Ricochets Letters 3 Net Assessment Reviews of Current Literature 67 Notams Notices of Interest 93 Contributors 95 EDITORIAL The Decisiveness of Air Power OLLOWING the Gulf war, an old de- decisive simply refers to a factor that was bate reemerged The central question clearly critical to victory. If that factor had ofF this long-standing dispute is. Can air not exerted a crucial influence, something power be decisive in war? This single else would have been decisive. quarrel has caused more dissension be- If we view the term decisive in the same tween the US Air Force and its sister ser- way when we ask, Can air power be deci- vices than perhaps any other. Much of the sive in war? the answer is clearly yes. It controversy stems originally from some was decisive in Operation Desert Storm. rather extraordinary claims made by early That doesn’t mean that the surface forces proponents of air power. Their prophecies were not important, nor does it mean that that air power alone could win wars were air power could have won the war alone. It not well received by people who had spent simply means that air power in that par- their lives waging war on the surface of the ticular situation was crucial to obtaining earth. Reactions were so strong that they the kind of victory achieved. still overshadow the current issue. When Like new parents, when the early propo- the question, Can air power be decisive? is nents of air power recognized the potential posed, some still hear the old assertion. of the infant airplane, they knew that the Air power can win by itself. A key reason nature of war had changed forever. In that we have not put this debate to rest is that analysis, they were correct. When they we have a void in our definition of terms. predicted that this new player would be a What do we mean by decisive? superstar someday, they were correct. Victory in a sporting event can often be When they said the superstar would win traced to one particular play (making a all by itself, they were exaggerating. first down on fourth and four), or to a cer- Although it made significant contributions tain player’s overall performance (pitching during its adolescence, the player had dif- a no-hitter), or to the contribution of a par- ficulty living up to the top billing the fans ticular portion of the team’s game (free- had predicted. But during Desert Storm, it throw shooting, offense or defense, special emerged a mature superstar. All the effort, teams, etc.). We call that contribution, training, and faith the staff had placed in whatever it was, the decisive factor in the the youngster finally paid off in a decisive game. It isn’t necessarily the final or only performance. contribution, just the key one. Modern warfare is a team effort. As in Does that mean the other plays, players, team sports, on one day. against one team, or parts of the team's effort were unimpor- on one particular field, a team member can tant? Of course not. If a team leaves the turn in a decisive performance. That field claiming victory after making a first doesn’t take anything away from the rest of down on fourth and long, it will lose. If the team. In fact on a professional team, the remainder of the team leaves the court the other members might walk up, slap the because the point guard is having a great player on the back, and sav, ‘‘We knew game, victory will slip away. If the offense you had it in you! Way to go!" Then the hits the showers because the defense is player might modestly say, “Aw shucks, it shining, an apparent win will wind up in was really a team effort. 1 was just trying to the loss column. In sports, the term do my part.’’ RBC 2 ricochets Letters to the editor are encouraged. All corre- perienced the effects of force multiplication in spondence should be addressed to the Editor, our personal lives when these concepts are in- Airpower Journal, Walker Hall, Bldg. 1400, voked as a life-style rather than a management Maxwell AFB AL 36112-5532. We reserve the style. The Air Force is a way of life—not a sim- right to edit the material for overall length. ple occupation. Like it or not, officers are pub- lic officials. We have an absolutely tremendous opportunity now, as perhaps never before, to KUDOS TO THE AUTHORS exemplify duty, honor, and country for our fel- low citizens. It is our tremendous advantage to The Fall 1991 issue was the best I've seen in have traditions and codes that we believe in years. “Sex, Power, and Ethics: The Challenge and follow. to the Military Professional" by CMSgt Robert Lt Col Marie C. Shadden, USAF D. Lewallen and "A Revolution in Air Trans- Phoenix, Arizona port: Acquiring the C-141 Starlifter” by Dr Roger D. Launius and Betty R. Kennedy were outstanding! Maj Gen Richard D. Smith, USAF Jim Cunningham’s article "Cracks in the Black Kelly AFB, Texas Dike: Secrecy, the Media, and the F-117A” (Fall 1991) was great reporting! I was the managing editor of Aviation Week during much of this period (until October 1986) and found it the Congratulations on selecting and printing Chief best-kept secret in my experience. We got an Lewallen's outstanding article on "Sex, Power, over-the-transom drawing from an eyewitness and Ethics." The chief cut right to the heart of buff but never used it because we could not the matter. Use and abuse of sex in the work- confirm the shape. Subsequent events proved it place is definitely an ethical problem and has to be quite accurate. I have a barracks bag full far more to do with politics and power than at- of hindsight—yours for a dime. tractive physical characteristics or self-control. Herbert J. Coleman 1 have seen many forms of office “horseplay" Washington, D.C. over the past 17 years. Most of them assuredly have not involved mixed-gender supervisors and subordinates, because the Air Force of my CONGRESSIONAL CORRECTION day has been preponderantly male. However, all involved questionable ethics, poor judge- Understanding the technology of the F-117A ment in postsituation analysis, and competition takes a genius: however, 1 learned in the second for power and control. It has always been a grade the difference between a senator and a myst ery to me that peopl e are surpri sed to l earn representative. Jim Cunningham’s "Cracks in that sexual harassment and crimes like rape are the Black Dike" refers to "Sen Barbara Boxer" perpetrated out of greed and a desire for (page 29), but if memory serves me, she has power—not physical lust. been Representative Boxer from California's I wholeheartedly agree with Chief Lewallen Sixth District since January 1983. that ethics must come off the bookshelf and fames L. Crowder find a great deal more use in the "m ission.’’ Tinker AFB. Oklahoma Like time management and delegation, power is a concept that—in itself—is neither good nor bad. How these concepts are translated into physical reality has an unbelievable impact on RICOCHET REJOINDERS mission accomplishment. The concepts are A letter by Col Haywood S. Hansell in the Sum- fully accepted in the workplace, but sometimes mer 1991 issue of Airpower Journal refers to Lt we tend to shed them with our uniforms at the end of a duty day. Many of us have already ex- continued on page 67 3 ONG AGO, Washington Irving wrote the now-familiar story of Rip ADVOCATING Van Winkle, who fell asleep for 20 years in pre-Revolutionary Amer- MISSION Lica. He awoke to an entirely different world in which his townspeople de- nounced him as a traitor when he ex- NEEDS IN pressed loyalty to King George.