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Constraining Ice Mass Changes in Coastal Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica” “CONSTRAINING ICE MASS CHANGES IN COASTAL DRONNING MAUD LAND, ANTARCTICA” «ICECON» FRANK PATTYN, CARINE BRUYNINX, JEAN-LOUIS TISON, NICOLAS BERGEOT, LIONEL FAVIER, TONIE VAN DAM, REINHARD DREWS, DENIS CALLENS, MORGANE PHILIPPE, KENICHI MATSUOKA, BRYN HUBBARD SCIENCE FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SSD) Thematic Antarctica - Climate FINAL REPORT CONSTRAINING ICE MASS CHANGES IN COASTAL DRONNING MAUD LAND, ANTARCTICA “ICECON” SD/CA/06 Promotors Frank PATTYN, Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles Jean-Louis TISON, Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles Carine BRUYNINX, Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van België/Observatoire Royal de Belgique Authors Frank PATTYN (1), Carine BRUYNINX (2), Jean-Louis TISON (1), Nicolas BERGEOT (2), Lionel FAVIER (1), Tonie VAN DAM (3), Reinhard DREWS (1), Denis CALLENS (1), Morgane PHILIPPE (1), Kenichi MATSUOKA (4), Bryn HUBBARD (5) (1) Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (2) Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van België/Observatoire Royal de Belgique (3) Faculté des Sciences, de la Technologie et de la Communication, University of Luxembourg, Luxemburg (4) Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway (5) Centre for Glaciology, Institute of Geography & Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, UK Published in 2018 by the Belgian Science Policy Avenue Louise 231 Louizalaan 231 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Tel: +32 (0)2 238 34 11 – Fax: +32 (0)2 230 59 12 http://www.belspo.be Contact person: Maaike Vancauwenberghe +32 (0)2 238 36 78 Neither the Belgian Science Policy nor any person acting on behalf of the Belgian Science Policy is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The authors are responsible for the content. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without indicating the reference: Frank PATTYN, Carine BRUYNINX, Jean-Louis TISON, Nicolas BERGEOT, Lionel FAVIER, Tonie VAN DAM, Reinhard DREWS, Denis CALLENS, Morgane PHILIPPE, Kenichi MATSUOKA, Bryn HUBBARD. Constraining ice mass changes in coastal Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica - ICECON. Final Report. Brussels : Belgian Science Policy 2018 – 87 p. (Research Programme Science for a Sustainable Development) Project SD/CA/06 - “Constraining ice mass changes in coastal Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica” - ICECON Table of Contents ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS ........................................................................................... 4 SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 A. CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................................... 5 B. OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................. 5 C. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 5 D. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PROJECT IN A CONTEXT OF SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT TO A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY.......................................................................... 7 E. KEYWORDS .................................................................................................................................. 7 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 9 2. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 11 2.1. cGNSS processing and results .......................................................................................................... 11 2.2. Ice core drilling and Optical Televiewer imaging (OPTV) ........................................................... 14 2.2.1. Ice core drilling ............................................................................................................................. 14 2.2.2. Optical televiewer measurements ................................................................................................. 15 2.3. Laboratory ice core measurements ................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1. Ice density measurements ............................................................................................................. 17 2.3.2. Ice chemistry and water stable isotopes measurements ................................................................ 17 2.3.3. Electrical conductivity measurements (ECM) .............................................................................. 18 2.4. Density measurements compared to OPTV .................................................................................... 19 2.4.1. Shallow (3 m depth) ice cores across the DIR ice divide .............................................................. 19 2.4.2. Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf (RBIS 2010) and Derwael Ice rise (DIR-IC12) profiles ......................... 20 2.4.3. OPTV luminosity as a proxy for core density ............................................................................... 21 2.4.4. Density bias in the 2014 cores as a measure of transport damages and contrasts between ice shelf locations (RBIS 2010 vs. RBIS14) .............................................................................................. 25 2.4.5. Spatial variability of DIR Ice Rise density profiles from OPTV records ...................................... 27 2.5. Past accumulation rates at Derwael Ice Rise .................................................................................. 28 2.5.1. The context ................................................................................................................................... 29 2.5.2. Methods for ice flow correction .................................................................................................... 32 2.5.3. Community Earth System Model (CESM) ................................................................................... 35 2.5.4. Dating the ice core ........................................................................................................................ 35 2.5.5. Surface mass balance record ......................................................................................................... 37 2.5.6. Sources of uncertainty .................................................................................................................. 38 2.5.7. Comparison with models outputs .................................................................................................. 39 2.5.8. Spatial and Temporal variability of the surface mass balance (net accumulation rate) ................ 40 2.5.9. Conclusive remarks....................................................................................................................... 42 2.5.10. Data availability .......................................................................................................................... 43 2.6. Present-day surface mass balance of Derwael ice rise ................................................................... 44 2.7. Vertical strain-rate variations on Derwael ice rise ........................................................................ 46 2.7.1. Context .......................................................................................................................................... 46 2.7.2. Field measurements and methods ................................................................................................. 47 2.7.3. OPTV results ................................................................................................................................ 54 2.7.4. Vertical strain rate and submergence velocity reconstruction....................................................... 54 2.7.5. Discussion and concluding remarks .............................................................................................. 55 2.8. Kinematic GNSS and radar measurements .................................................................................... 56 2.9. Investigating the Raymond effect and timing of deglaciation ....................................................... 60 2.10. Effect of ice rises on the deglaciation of the ice sheet ................................................................... 65 2.11. Importance of ice rises and pinning points on the deglaciation in Dronning Maud Land ....... 67 3. POLICY SUPPORT ................................................................................................................................... 71 4. DISSEMINATION AND VALORISATION ............................................................................................ 73 5. PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 75 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................................... 77 7. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 79 SSD - Science for a Sustainable Development - Antarctica and Climate 3 Project SD/CA/06
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