WILDLIFE AND THREATENED SPECIES BUSHFIRE RECOVERY EXPERT PANEL

Final list of requiring urgent management intervention

Released 12 October 2020

The 2019-20 bushfires in southern and eastern Australia have had severe impacts on many of the country’s approximately 26,000 species. The fires have covered an unusually large area and, in many places, have burnt with unusually high intensity. Although many plants have the capacity to respond positively to fire, the cumulative impact of the 2019-2020 fires and other stressors like high fire frequency or severity, drought, herbivory, or disease places many species at risk. Some species were considered threatened before the fires, and the fires have now likely increased their risk of extinction. Many other fire-affected plant species were not threatened before the fires - or had not previously had an assessment of extinction risk undertaken - but have now been burnt across much of their range, and may lack an ability to recover without help.

To support protection and recovery of many of the fire-affected species, conservation action will be needed at many sites. This management will be supported by a wide range of government agencies, non-government conservation organisations, university researchers, Traditional Owner ranger teams, community groups and the public.

A national prioritisation was undertaken to assess 26,062 plant species against a set of eleven criteria which combine the proportion of the geographic range that burned, species fire response traits, and the interactive effects of other stressors such as drought, herbivory, disease, weed invasion and erosion. This prioritisation identified 486 plants as being at high risk from the impacts of the 2019-20 bushfires. The analysis includes plants in bioregions that have been impacted by fires from south-west Western Australia, southern South Australia, Victoria, southern and eastern New South Wales, south-eastern Queensland and Tasmania. A map of this area is available on the Department’s website.

Within the set of highly-impacted plant species, some are in particular need of urgent help. The following 486 plant species have been identified by experts as the highest priorities for management intervention. These species were all already listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) or equivalent state legislation, or had more than 80% of their range burnt, or were identified as at high risk under two or more prioritisation criteria requiring unique management actions (further information on the prioritisation criteria is below). States also identified some high priority taxa using their own analyses which have been included. The framework and methods used to determine the priority species is described in the full technical report available on the Department’s website (http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/289205b6-83c5-480c-9a7d- 3fdf3cde2f68/files/final-national-prioritisation-australian-plants-affected-2019-2020-bushfire- season.pdf).

This analysis builds on the initial spatial analysis of threatened species listed under the EPBC Act released by the then Department of Environment and Energy on 20 Jan 2020 (www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/bushfire-recovery/research-and-resources) and the interim prioritisation analysis released by DAWE on the 23rd April, 2020 (LINK). This new analysis assesses all plant species accepted in the Australian Plant Census and indicates where species are endemic to a single state or territory and their threat status under the EPBC Act or state legislation. Of the 486 species identified as high priority taxa for management intervention, 369 appeared in the interim analysis, 117 were added and 102 removed.

WHAT IS IN THE LIST?

The high priority list includes 486 plant species from 143 genera and spanning a variety of vegetation types. Species include rainforest shrubs and trees like Gibraltar Range (Telopea aspera; having been burnt across more than 75% of its range often at high severity and being exposed to high frequency fire, disease and drought) and herbaceous plants from subalpine vegetation such as the Critically Endangered Bredbo Gentiana (Gentiana bredboensis), which has approximately 95% of its known range burnt and is also vulnerable to post-fire herbivore impacts.

Some species, like the Forrester's Bottlebrush (Callistemon forresterae), Betka Bottlebrush (Callistemon kenmorrisonii), and Grey Deua Pomaderris (Pomaderris gilmourii var. cana) are at imminent risk of extinction because all of their known or modelled range has been burnt, and they are exposed to significant other stressors such as pre-fire drought conditions, high fire frequency or severity, or herbivory from feral animals. The iconic Wollemi Pine (Wollemia nobilis) is also prioritised for immediate action to mitigate post-fire impacts, as are a suite of ground orchids from across the fire zone, such as the Tuncurry Midge Orchid (Genoplesium littorale), Bago Leek-orchid (Prasophyllum bagoense) and Kelton's Leek-orchid (Prasophyllum keltonii).

The list includes the highest priority plant species, but many more are at risk. More than 200 other plants are at high risk under any one of the criteria assessed and will require attention to assess the fire impacts.

WHAT IS IN THE TABLE BELOW?

The table includes all taxa listed as high priorities for immediate action and has the following columns:

Scientific Name is the formal name for the species accepted by the Australian Plant Census.

Common Name is the plain language name(s) used for the species.

EPBC Act listed status is the category within the EPBC Act 1999 threatened species list that the species is listed in. Categories reflect the risk of extinction, with Critically Endangered species being at greatest risk, then Endangered and Vulnerable species. Criteria for listing in each of these categories are set out in the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 and follow the global IUCN Red List categories and criteria.

State and territory distribution are the states and territories that the species may occur in according to the Australian Plant Census. The fires may not have affected each species in all states and territories where it occurs.

Prioritisation criteria ranked as high are the risk assessment criteria under which the species has been listed as a high priority for immediate action. The table of management actions below can be used to see which immediate management actions are deemed appropriate for the species. These criteria are based on mechanisms which are known to cause decline in plant populations. Gathering data on plant responses to these criteria will assist in listing species as threatened, management and assessing future risk. The criteria are as follows:

A. Interactive effects of fire and drought B. Short fire intervals (impacts of high fire frequency) C. Post-fire herbivore impacts D. Fire-disease interactions E. High fire severity F. Weed invasion G. Elevated winter temperatures or changed temperature regimes H. Fire sensitivity I. Post-fire erosion J. Cumulative exposure to high risks K. Other plausible threats or expert-driven nominations

UNDERSTANDING FIRE IMPACTS

The Expert Panel has worked rapidly, in collaboration with experts and state and territory governments, to identify species that may need urgent management intervention. The best available data has been used to assess impacts, though on-ground field inspection will be critical for confirming species response and recovery.

The pattern and intensity of fire will vary within the fire affected areas. The fires will not have impacted all areas within the mapped extent equally. Some areas will have burnt at very high intensity whilst other areas may not have burnt at all. Although spatial analyses incorporate information about fire severity and impacts, field assessments may reveal areas assessed as burnt to be unburnt, and vice versa. Our understanding of the fire impacts on plant species will improve after information from on-ground surveys is gathered.

Potential fire impacts for some species, particularly those with small or poorly documented distributions, are estimates only. The distributions of most species assessed are based on both a subset of herbarium specimens collected since 1950 and ranges modelled from climate and soil information. For species listed on the EPBC Act, modelled species distributions developed by the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (www.environment.gov.au/fed/catalog/search/resource/details.page?uuid=%7B337B05B6-254E- 47AD-A701-C55D9A0435EA%7D) were used to assess the ranges.

Information on other natural assets (including animal species, Threatened Ecological Communities and World Heritage Areas) potentially impacted by the 2019-20 wildfires are available on the Department’s website.

WHAT ACTIONS ARE NEEDED FOR HIGH PRIORITY SPECIES? This depends on the criteria under which the species has been identified as being at risk. The table below details which actions are deemed likely to be immediately necessary for quantifying the response of species to the fires. This table can be cross-referenced to the list of high priority species to identify the actions most needed.

Criteria[1] Management Action A B C D E F G H I J Urgency of action[2]

Field inspections – damage and x x x x x Immediate threats Germplasm collection x x x Immediate

Field inspections - resprouting x x x Immediate assessment Field inspections - seedling x x x x Immediate emergence assessment Disease – field assessments and x Immediate emergency germplasm collection of cuttings where resprouting is affected Exclude forestry/silvicultural x x x x x Immediate impacts Alleviate herbivory x x x Immediate

Field inspections - recovery x Medium-term assessment Irrigation x Medium-term

Carefully planned translocation x x x x x x x x x Medium-term

Weed control x x x Medium-term Exclude prescribed fire x x x x x x x x x x Medium-term Rapid response to wildfire x x x x x x x x x x Medium-term Minimise development impacts x x x x x x x x x x Ongoing Alleviate pollinator competition x x x x Medium-term from feral bees and European / Ongoing wasp Prevent illegal collecting or x x x x x x x x x x Ongoing over-collecting of germplasm or plants Minimise habitat disturbance x x x x x x x x x x Ongoing from human activities

[1] A Interactive effects of fire and drought; B Short fire intervals (impacts of high fire frequency); C Post-fire herbivore impacts; D Fire-disease interactions; E High fire severity; F Weed invasion; G Elevated winter temperatures or changed temperature regimes; H Fire sensitivity; I Post-fire erosion; J Cumulative exposure to high risks. [2] Immediate actions are essential actions to undertake in the short-term; Medium-term actions are to be undertaken before the 2020-2021 fire season; Ongoing actions should be universally applied when managing threatened or sensitive species against a background suite of potential threats

HIGH PRIORITY SPECIES

Species Common EPBC Act State and High name status* territory criteria distribution

Acacia alaticaulis Winged NSW A, J Sunshine Wattle Acacia Stirling Range Vulnerable WA D awestoniana Wattle Acacia Beadle’s Wattle NSW A, B, D, E beadleana Acacia blayana Blay's Wattle NSW B, C, E, J

Acacia Cangai Forest NSW A, B, D cangaiensis Wattle Acacia chalkeri Chalker's NSW A, C Wattle Acacia clunies- Kowmung NSW A, J rossiae Wattle, Kanangra Wattle Acacia constablei Narrabarba Vulnerable NSW A, J Wattle Acacia covenyi NSW E Acacia echinula Hedgehog NSW K Wattle Acacia Flockton Wattle Vulnerable NSW A, K flocktoniae Acacia Bega Wattle Vulnerable NSW J, K georgensis Acacia Hamilton's NSW A, E hamiltoniana Wattle Acacia jonesii Jones Wattle NSW A, J Acacia kydrensis Kydra Wattle NSW J, K Acacia lanigera Woolly Wattle, NSW, Vic A, B, E, J var. gracilipes Hairy Wattle Acacia lucasii Woolly-bear NSW, Vic C, E Wattle, Lucas's Wattle Acacia mabellae Mabel's Wattle, NSW K Black Wattle Acacia meiantha Endangered NSW B Acacia olsenii Olsen’s Wattle NSW E Acacia Phantom Wattle Vulnerable NSW, Vic J, K phasmoides Acacia NSW B, K ptychoclada Acacia ruppii Rupp's Wattle Endangered NSW, QLD J Acacia Willow Wattle NSW B, J saliciformis Acacia saxicola QLD D Acacia Narrow-leaf NSW, Vic A, J subporosa Bower Wattle, Sticky Bower Wattle, River Wattle, Bower Wattle Acacia tessellata NSW B, D Acacia NSW C, J torringtonensis

Acacia Golden Feather NSW K trachyphloia Wattle, Bodalla Wattle Acacia trinervata Three-nerved NSW B, J Wattle Acacia NSW A yalwalensis Achnophora tatei Kangaroo SA E Island Daisy Acrotriche Kangaroo SA E halmaturina Island Ground- berry Actinotus forsythii Wiry Flannel- NSW, Vic A, E, J flower Actinotus WA D, E rhomboideus Allocasuarina Endangered NSW B defungens Allocasuarina Dwarf Heath NSW A, K diminuta subsp. Casuarina annectens Allocasuarina NSW, QLD E, J rigida Almaleea Torrington Pea Vulnerable NSW C cambagei Almaleea NSW B, J incurvata Andersonia Giant Endangered WA D, K axilliflora Andersonia Aotus genistoides WA D, E Apatophyllum NSW B, J constablei

Asperula Mountain SA E, K tetraphylla Woodruff Asterolasia NSW A, C beckersii Asterolasia NSW B buxifolia Asterolasia Lemon Star- SA K muricata bush Asterolasia NSW A, C, E rivularis Asterolasia NSW A, K rupestris subsp. rupestris Asterolasia NSW A, E trymalioides subsp. areniticola

Astrotricha NSW, QLD K cordata Astrotricha sp. NSW E Deua (R.O.Makinson 1647) Astrotricha sp. NSW, Vic A, J Howe Range (D.E.Albrecht 1054) Astrotricha sp. NSW, Vic A, J Wallagaraugh (R.O.Makinson 1228) Astrotricha sp. Vic A, B, E Wingan Inlet (J.A.Jeanes 2268) Baeckea NSW K brevifolia Baeckea kandos Endangered NSW A, B, C Baeckea sp. WA E Crossroads (B.L.Rye & M.E.Trudgen 241186) Baloskion Dense Cord- Vulnerable NSW A, E, K longipes rush anatona Critically WA D Endangered Banksia canei Mountain NSW, Vic H, J Banksia Banksia Gippsland Vic A, E croajingolensis Banksia Stirling Range Endangered WA K Dryandra Swamp NSW A, B, C, H subsp. astrolux Banksia

Banksia NSW H, J penicillata Bertya ernestiana QLD K Bertya mollissima NSW A, K Bertya sp. NSW B Chambigne NR (M.Fatemi 24) Bertya sp. Clouds NSW A, E Creek (M.Fatemi 4)

Beyeria sulcata WA E var. truncata Boronia Wadbilliga NSW C, E anemonifolia Sticky Boronia subsp. wadbilligensis Boronia Barker's NSW A, E, K barkeriana Boronia subsp. barkeriana Boronia NSW J, K chartacea Boronia deanei Deane's Vulnerable NSW E Boronia Boronia deanei NSW C, E subsp. deanei Boronia granitica Granite Boronia Endangered NSW, QLD J Boronia Shannon Creek NSW B hapalophylla Boronia Boronia NSW A, E imlayensis Boronia inflexa NSW B, C, E subsp. torringtonensis Boronia pulchella Pink Boronia WA D, E Boronia NSW A, E subulifolia Bossiaea arcuata WA E Bossiaea Bombay NSW K bombayensis Bossiaea Brachyscome NSW C, E brownii Brachyscome Vic A, E riparia Brachyscome NSW, Vic A salkiniae Epacris Budawangs Vulnerable NSW A, C, E gnidioides Cliff-heath Bursaria calcicola NSW A, C Caladenia Vic A, E ancylosa Caladenia NSW, Vic A, E oreophila Caladenia Vic A, B, C, E osmera Callicarpa thozetii Rockhampton QLD B Beautyberry Callistemon Forrester's Vulnerable NSW, Vic A, B, C forresterae Bottlebrush Callistemon Betka Vulnerable Vic A, E kenmorrisonii Bottlebrush Callistemon Megalong NSW K megalongensis Valley Bottlebrush Callistemon sp. NSW A, E Waratah trig (J.B.Williams NE85940)

Callistemon Dwarf NSW, Vic A, E subulatus Bottlebrush Callitris monticola NSW, QLD B, J Callitris muelleri Mueller’s NSW H, J Cypress Callitris oblonga Pygmy Cypress NSW A, E subsp. Pine corangensis Calochilus NSW A pulchellus Calytrix Kangaroo SA E smeatoniana Island Heath- myrtle Cardamine tryssa Dainty Bitter- ACT, NSW, C, J cress Tas, Vic

Cassinia heleniae NSW B, C Cassinia NSW, Vic A, E, J maritima Cassinia NSW A, C, E theodorii Cassinia venusta NSW, Vic E, J Cassytha NSW, Vic A, J phaeolasia Cheiranthera Twining finger- SA K volubilis flowers Chiloglottis NSW E, K anaticeps Choretrum Spiked SA, Vic K spicatum Sourbush, Cherry Broombush Choretrum Spiked SA E spicatum subsp. Sourbush, spicatum Cherry Broombush

Chrysocephalum NSW A, C, E apiculatum subsp. stoloniferum Commersonia Hairy NSW, QLD, J breviseta Kerrawang Vic Smokebush WA A, B, D, E, burgessiorum J

Coronidium NSW A kaputaricum Correa Chef's Cap Vulnerable NSW J, K baeuerlenii Correa calycina De Mole River SA E var. Correa halmaturorum Correa Genoa River Endangered NSW, Vic A, C, J lawrenceana var. Correa genoensis Corysanthes NSW, QLD, A, B, E aconitiflorus Vic

Cryptandra ACT, NSW, A, I speciosa QLD, Vic

Cryptocarya NSW K nova-anglica

Cryptocarya NSW B williwilliana Cyperus aquatilis NSW, NT, J QLD, WA

Cyphanthera NSW A, B, E scabrella Dampiera fusca Kydra ACT, NSW, Vic C Dampiera Dampiera Kangaroo SA K lanceolata var. Island insularis Dampiera Scarp Darwinia Endangered WA D apiculata Darwinia NSW A, K briggsiae Yellow Endangered WA D, K Mountain Bell Darwinia NSW K fascicularis subsp. oligantha WA D, E subsp. Upland (W.Greuter 23111) Darwinia Success Bell, Vulnerable WA D, E nubigena Red Mountain Bell Gillam's Bell Endangered WA D Darwinia WA K squarrosa Darwinia taxifolia NSW A, E subsp. macrolaena Darwinia taxifolia NSW A, B, J subsp. taxifolia

Daviesia nova- NSW B, D, J anglica Daviesia WA D, E oppositifolia Daviesia Stirling Range Endangered WA D pseudaphylla Daviesia Daviesia NSW E suaveolens Deyeuxia Drummond's Endangered WA D drummondii Grass, Drummond Grass Deyeuxia ramosa Climbing Bent- NSW, Vic A, E grass Deyeuxia reflexa NSW A Deyeuxia NSW, Vic A, C talariata Dillwynia NSW J, K acicularis Dillwynia NSW A, J brunioides Dillwynia crispii NSW A, C Dillwynia NSW G, K palustris Dillwynia NSW A, B, D, J rupestris

Dillwynia NSW A, B, C, E stipulifera Diuris eborensis Endangered NSW K Drosera gibsonii WA E Epacris NSW A gnidioides Epacris hamiltonii Endangered NSW A Epacris pilosa NSW A, B Epacris NSW B, J purpurascens var. onosmiflora

Epacris rigida NSW J, K Epacris NSW A, B sprengelioides Eucalyptus Annett’s Mallet WA E, J annettae Eucalyptus Benson's NSW A, B, E bensonii Stringybark Eucalyptus Olinda Box NSW A corticosa Eucalyptus Cliff Mallee Ash NSW B cunninghamii Eucalyptus Mongamulla NSW D, E deuaensis Mallee Eucalyptus Nunniong Gum Vic C, E elaeophloia Eucalyptus Wollemi NSW B, K expressa Stringybark Eucalyptus Brumby Sallee Vic C, E forresterae Eucalyptus White Mountain NSW, Vic E, H fraxinoides Ash, White Ash Eucalyptus Wolgan Snow NSW B, E gregsoniana Gum

Eucalyptus gunnii TAS K Eucalyptus Illawarra NSW A, K imitans Stringybark Eucalyptus Imlay Mallee, Endangered NSW A, D, E imlayensis Mount Imlay Mallee Eucalyptus Twin Peak Endangered WA D insularis Island Mallee Eucalyptus WA D insularis subsp. continentalis Eucalyptus Albatross Vulnerable NSW A, K langleyi Mallee Eucalyptus Camden Endangered NSW D macarthurii Woollybutt, Paddys River Box Eucalyptus Orbost Vic A, B, E mackintii Stringybark Eucalyptus Little Desert Vic E molyneuxii Peppermint Eucalyptus Little sally, NSW K moorei Narrow-leaved sally NSW B, D, E

Eucalyptus Woila Gum NSW E olsenii Eucalyptus Serpentine NSW K ophitica Ironbark Eucalyptus Banyabba Endangered NSW B, E pachycalyx Shiny-barked subsp. banyabba Gum Eucalyptus Wadbilliga Ash NSW C, E, J paliformis Eucalyptus Small-leaved Vulnerable NSW D parvula Gum Eucalyptus Brumby Mallee- Vic C, E phoenix gum Eucalyptus WA E redimiculifera Eucalyptus Kangaroo SA E remota Island Ash Eucalyptus Rudder's Box NSW E rudderi Eucalyptus scias Red mahogany NSW B, E subsp. apoda

Eucalyptus NSW A, B, E scopulorum Eucalyptus sp. Endangered NSW B, C, E Howes Swamp Creek (M.Doherty 26) Eucalyptus Jillaga Ash NSW E, J stenostoma Eucalyptus Ettrema Mallee NSW A, B, E sturgissiana Eucalyptus Pigeon House Vic A, E triflora Ash, Three- flowered Ash Eucalyptus NSW K volcanica Euphrasia arguta NSW K Euphrasia bella NSW K Euphrasia collina Nandewar NSW A, K subsp. Range nandewarensis Eyebright Gahnia hystrix Kangaroo SA K Island Spiky Saw-sedge Galium roddii NSW A, C, F, G

Gastrolobium Yellow-leafed Critically WA D, E luteifolium Gastrolobium Endangered

Gastrolobium WA D, E mondurup Gastrolobium Stirling Range Critically WA D, E vestitum Gastrolobium Endangered Genoplesium Tuncurry Midge NSW E, K littorale Orchid Genoplesium Superb Midge- NSW B, C, E, K superbum orchid Genoplesium East Lynne Vulnerable NSW E vernale Midge-orchid Gentiana Bredbo Gentian Critically NSW C, G bredboensis Endangered Gentiana New England Vulnerable NSW A, C, E wissmannii Gentian Gentianella ACT C, J muelleriana subsp. jingerensis Gentianella ACT, NSW K sylvicola Geranium ACT, NSW, C, E, G sessiliflorum Tas, Vic

Gompholobium NSW, QLD B, J uncinatum

Goodenia NSW A, K glomerata Goodenia NSW A, J heterophylla subsp. montana Goodenia NSW A, B rostrivalvis Bog Grevillea NSW B acanthifolia Grevillea Bog Grevillea NSW B, J acanthifolia subsp. acanthifolia Grevillea Bog Grevillea Endangered NSW J acanthifolia subsp. paludosa Grevillea acerata NSW A, B, D, E

Grevillea arenaria Sand Grevillea NSW J, K subsp. arenaria

Grevillea NSW A, C, J aspleniifolia Grevillea Vulnerable NSW B, E, J banyabba

Grevillea baueri NSW A, E, J subsp. asperula Grevillea Beadle's Endangered NSW A beadleana Grevillea Grevillea burrowa Burrowa Vic E, J Grevillea NSW B, J subsp. ecorniculata Grevillea NSW E epicroca Grevillea Vulnerable NSW J evansiana Grevillea Endangered NSW B guthrieana Grevillea NSW A imberbis Grevillea irrasa NSW B, E, J subsp. didymochiton Grevillea Pine Mountain Vic E, J jephcottii Grevillea Grevillea NSW K juniperina subsp. villosa Grevillea NSW A kedumbensis Grevillea Linsmith's NSW, QLD D, J linsmithii Grevillea Grevillea Jervis Bay NSW A, J macleayana Grevillea Grevillea mollis Endangered NSW D, J Grevillea Jervis Bay Endangered NSW A, J molyneuxii Grevillea Grevillea Granite ACT, NSW, Vic A, J neurophylla Grevillea Grevillea Granite NSW, Vic A, E, J neurophylla Grevillea subsp. fluviatilis Grevillea ACT, NSW E, J oxyantha Grevillea NSW C, J oxyantha subsp. ecarinata Grevillea Vic C, E pachylostyla Grevillea parvula Genoa NSW, Vic A, J Grevillea

Grevillea Vic B, J polychroma Grevillea Five-veined SA E quinquenervis Grevillea Grevillea Fan Grevillea Vic E ramosissima subsp. hypargyrea Grevillea Nerriga NSW K renwickiana Grevillea Grevillea Vulnerable NSW A, B, D, E rhizomatosa Grevillea Deua Grevillea, NSW K rhyolitica Deua Flame Grevillea Toothbrush NSW A, E, K scortechinii Grevillea, subsp. Backwater sarmentosa Grevillea Grevillea sp. Critically WA D Gillingarra Endangered (R.J.Cranfield 4087) aenigma Enigma Hakea SA E Hakea ambigua WA D, J Hakea asperma Native Dog Vic C Hakea NSW A, B, H, J

Hakea dohertyi Kowmung Endangered NSW A, E, H, J Hakea Hakea Macrae's NSW, Vic H, J macraeana Hakea Hakea NSW, QLD C, E, H, J macrorrhyncha

Hakea NSW A, B pachyphylla Haloragodendron NSW A gibsonii Haloragodendron Endangered NSW B lucasii

Hemigenia WA E tenelliflora Hibbertia NSW A, C, E acaulothrix Hibbertia NSW A, D, E, K circinata

Hibbertia NSW A, E cistiflora subsp. quadristaminea Hibbertia NSW A, D, I coloensis Hibbertia NSW, Tas, Vic C, E ericifolia Hibbertia glebosa Stalked SA E subsp. oblonga Guinea-flower Hibbertia Shrubby NSW, QLD D hexandra Guinea-flower Hibbertia Vulnerable NSW B, E marginata Hibbertia QLD D, J monticola Hibbertia Howe Guinea- NSW, Vic A notabilis flower Hibbertia porcata NSW, Vic B, C Hibbertia NSW A, E praemorsa Hibbertia NSW A, B, D, E, rhynchocalyx J

Hibbertia saligna NSW A, B Hibbertia Snake vine QLD A scandens var. glabra Hibbertia NSW E singularis Hibbertia sp. Barrett’s Critically WA D, E Toolbrunup Guinea Flower Endangered (J.R.Wheeler 2504) Hibbertia Vic A, E spathulata subsp. spathulata Hibbertia villosa NSW A, B, D, E, J Homoranthus Binghi NSW A, C, J binghiensis Homoranthus

Hovea NSW, QLD B, E, J pedunculata Hydrocotyle Spreading SA E, K crassiuscula Pennywort

Hymenophyllum NSW A, B pumilum Irenepharsus Kangaroo SA E, K phasmatodes Island Cress fletcheri Fletcher's Vulnerable NSW A, B, C, Drumsticks D, E

Kardomia NSW C odontocalyx Kardomia NSW D, E prominens Kunzea aristulata NSW A, C, E Kunzea NSW A, C, E juniperoides subsp. pernervosa Kunzea sp. Vic A, E Scrubby form (K.R.Thiele 445) Kunzea sp. Tree NSW A, B, E form (J.B.Williams NE7973) fairallii Fairall's Endangered WA D Honeysuckle Lasiopetalum Vulnerable NSW B, J joyceae Latrobea Mountain Critically WA D, E colophona Latrobea Endangered

Laxmannia WA D, E grandiflora subsp. brendae Leionema NSW E ceratogynum

Leionema coxii NSW E Leionema NSW A, J lamprophyllum subsp. orbiculare

Leionema NSW K scopulinum Leionema Rylstone Bell Vulnerable NSW K sympetalum Lenwebbia sp. QLD D, K Main Range (P.R.Sharpe+ 4877) Leptospermum NSW A, B benwellii

Leptospermum NSW B, K blakelyi Leptospermum NSW A, B, E crassifolium

Leptospermum NSW D, E deuense Leptospermum Smooth Tea- Vic A, E glabrescens tree

Leptospermum Vic C, E jingera Leptospermum NSW B macrocarpum

Leptospermum ACT, NSW C namadgiense

Leptospermum NSW A, D, E petraeum

Leptospermum NSW A, D rotundifolium

Leptospermum NSW B, D spectabile

Leptospermum NSW A, E subglabratum Leptospermum Monga Tea-tree Vulnerable NSW C, E, J thompsonii

Lepyrodia NSW A oligocolea Lepyrodia Kangaroo SA E, K valliculae Island Scale- rush Leucochrysum NSW J graminifolium Leucopogon Torrington Endangered NSW J confertus Beard-heath Leucopogon Small-flowered WA D, E cryptanthus Leucopogon Leucopogon Stirling Range Endangered WA D, E gnaphalioides Beard Heath

Leucopogon WA D, E psilopus Leucopogon Vic A, B, E riparius Logania insularis Kangaroo Vulnerable SA B Island Logania Logania scabrella Rough Logania SA E Lomandra NSW, Vic A confertifolia subsp. leptostachya Luzula flaccida NSW C subsp. Long Anther (K.L.Wilson 828 et al.)

Macrozamia Johnson's NSW A, B, E johnsonii Cycad Macrozamia NSW B montana Melaleuca WA B agathosmoides Melaleuca Sandstone NSW A, K capitata Honey-myrtle Melichrus sp. NSW K Gibberagee

Microlaena NSW A, C, E stipoides var. breviseta Mirbelia NSW, QLD A, B confertiflora Monotoca Trailing NSW, Vic C, E rotundifolia Monotoca Myoporum NSW J, K bateae Nematolepis NSW E elliptica Nematolepis Leafy Vulnerable Vic J frondosa Nematolepis Nematolepis Vulnerable NSW A, D rhytidophylla

Ochrosperma NSW A, B oligomerum

Olearia burgessii NSW A, K Olearia covenyi NSW A, C Olearia Dorrigo Daisy- Endangered NSW J flocktoniae bush Olearia NSW D oliganthema Olearia NSW B, E, K quercifolia Olearia rugosa Vic A, E subsp. angustifolia Olearia rugosa NSW, Vic A, E subsp. distalilobata Olearia sp. Henry NSW A, E River (J.B.Williams 21/Oct/1966)

Olearia sp. ACT, NSW C Rhizomatica (I.R.Telford 11549) Olearia NSW E stenophylla Orthotrichum Limestone NSW, Vic, Tas C cupulatum var. Bristle-moss cupulatum

Ozothamnus NSW, Vic A, J cuneifolius

Pentachondra NSW A, K dehiscens Needle Vulnerable NSW A, B, D, J acerosa Geebung

Persoonia NSW, Vic J asperula Persoonia NSW, Vic A, B, E brevifolia Persoonia NSW K chamaepitys Persoonia hindii NSW C, E Persoonia Small-flowered Endangered WA D, K micranthera Snottygobble NSW A, E subsp. budawangensis Persoonia mollis NSW A, J subsp. leptophylla Persoonia mollis NSW B, J subsp. mollis

Persoonia NSW K myrtilloides Persoonia NSW B, J oblongata Persoonia NSW A, K oleoides Persoonia NSW A, C, E procumbens Persoonia NSW B, C, E recedens Persoonia rufa NSW A, B, D, E, J

Persoonia NSW, QLD C, E terminalis

Persoonia NSW C terminalis subsp. terminalis Phebalium Vic B, J glandulosum subsp. riparium

Philotheca NSW, Vic E, J myoporoides subsp. brevipedunculata Philotheca NSW B, E, K obovalis Philotheca Mountain Wax- NSW, QLD D, E, J obovatifolia flower Philotheca NSW A, E scabra subsp. latifolia Pimelea NSW C, E cremnophila Platysace Lobed SA K heterophylla var. Platysace tepperi Plectranthus sp. QLD A, C, E Torrington (C.E.Nano 460) Plinthanthesis Budawangs Vulnerable NSW A, E rodwayi Wallaby-grass Podolobium NSW A, B, E aestivum Pomaderris Rufous Vulnerable NSW, Vic J brunnea Pomaderris Pomaderris Vic A, B, E, J buchanensis Pomaderris Cotoneaster Endangered NSW, Vic J cotoneaster Pomaderris

Pomaderris NSW E gilmourii Pomaderris Grey Deua Vulnerable NSW B, E gilmourii var. Pomaderris cana Pomaderris NSW E gilmourii var. gilmourii Pomaderris NSW, Vic E, J helianthemifolia

Pomaderris NSW, QLD A, B, D, E, ligustrina subsp. J latifolia

Pomaderris Vic A, B, J oblongifolia Pomaderris Parris' Vulnerable NSW J, K parrisiae Pomaderris Pomaderris Bent Vulnerable NSW, Vic J sericea Pomaderris Prasophyllum SA E asinantum Prasophyllum Bago Leek- Critically NSW C, E bagoense orchid Endangered Prasophyllum Cathcart Leek NSW A, C caricetum Orchid Prasophyllum Tawny Leek- Vulnerable NSW A fuscum orchid, Slaty Leek-orchid Prasophyllum Brandy Marys Critically NSW C innubum Leek-orchid Endangered Prasophyllum Kelton's Leek- Critically NSW C keltonii orchid Endangered Prasophyllum Marsh Leek- Vic C niphopedium orchid Prasophyllum Musty Leek NSW A, C, E pallens Orchid Prasophyllum Slender Leek- Vic A, E parviflorum orchid

Prasophyllum sp. NSW K Majors Creek (Jones 11084)

Prasophyllum Summer Leek Vic E uvidulum Orchid Prostanthera NSW A, B caerulea Prostanthera ACT, NSW, Vic D, J decussata

Prostanthera NSW K hindii Prostanthera Swamp Mint- Vulnerable NSW B palustris bush Prostanthera NSW K porcata Prostanthera NSW, QLD A, B, D, J saxicola var. major Prostanthera NSW A, E, J saxicola var. montana

Prostanthera NSW B, J sejuncta Prostanthera sp. NSW A, C Mt Kaputar (W.Schofield NE92414) Prostanthera sp. NSW C, E, I Rowleys Creek (L.M.Copeland 4288) Prostanthera Vulnerable NSW C, E, J staurophylla

Prostanthera NSW A, C stenophylla

Prostanthera NSW A, C, E tallowa Prostanthera NSW B, C, J teretifolia Prostanthera NSW A, K violacea Prostanthera Blotchy NSW, Vic A, E walteri Mintbush Pseudanthus NSW, QLD B, J pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus Pterostylis crebra NSW A Pterostylis NSW, Vic K oreophila Pterostylis Vic A, E scapula Pultenaea Budawangs Vulnerable NSW A, E baeuerlenii Bush-pea Pultenaea elusa Elusive Bush- Endangered NSW A, C, J pea Pultenaea glabra Smooth Bush- Vulnerable NSW B, J pea, Swamp Bush-pea Pultenaea Vulnerable NSW, Vic A, D, E, J parrisiae

Pultenaea NSW, QLD B, D, J pycnocephala

Pultenaea NSW A, E rodwayi Pultenaea sp. NSW A, K Olinda (R.Coveny 6616)

Pultenaea tarik NSW A, B, D, E, J

Pultenaea trifida Kangaroo SA E Island Bush- pea Pultenaea NSW, Vic E, J vrolandii Rhodamnia Scrub NSW, QLD D rubescens Turpentine, Brown Malletwood Sannantha whitei NSW A, E, F Scaevola sp. Mt QLD E Ernest (S.T.Blake 4333) Schoenus NSW A, E evansianus Senecio NSW, QLD A scabrellus Solanum NSW A, B, C armourense Solanum NSW K curvicuspe Solanum silvestre NSW, Vic J Solanum Endangered NSW K sulphureum Spyridium NSW A, C burragorang Spyridium Tiny Spyridium NSW, Vic A, J cinereum Stylidium Tepper's SA K tepperianum Trigger-plant Styphelia Vulnerable NSW A, C, E, J perileuca

Styphelia NSW E, J psiloclada NSW J, K montanum

Syzygium NSW D, H, J anisatum Telopea aspera NSW A, B, D, E

Telopea NSW E mongaensis Tetratheca Kangaroo SA E insularis Island Pink- eyes

Tetratheca NSW K rupicola Tetratheca sp. WA B, C, D Kent River (B.G.Hammersley 1791)

Tetratheca NSW, Vic A, D subaphylla Thelymitra Coast Sun- Vic A, E improcera orchid, Coastal Sun-orchid Thelymitra sun-orchid NSW, Vic A, E incurva Thismia NSW A, I clavarioides Trachymene Mountain Endangered NSW G scapigera Trachymene Triplarina Endangered NSW K imbricata Triplarina Nowra Heath- Endangered NSW D nowraensis myrtle Tylophora Endangered NSW, QLD J woollsii Uromyrtus Peach Myrtle Endangered NSW D australis Velleia perfoliata Vulnerable NSW J Veronica arcuata NSW A, J Veronica brownii NSW A Veronica NSW A, C, E lithophila Viola improcera ACT, Vic C, E Westringia Snowy River Vulnerable Vic A, B, E, J cremnophila Westringia Westringia NSW E saxatilis Wollemia nobilis Wollemi Pine Critically NSW B, D, H Endangered

Xerochrysum sp. NSW, QLD A, F Mt Merino (S.T.Blake 22869) Xyris exilis Stirling Range Vulnerable WA D, K Xyris Zieria NSW K adenophora Zieria NSW A, E caducibracteata Zieria citriodora Lemon-scented Vulnerable NSW, Vic J Zieria Zieria covenyi Coveny's Zieria Endangered NSW A, C Zieria floydii Endangered NSW A, B, J Zieria hindii NSW K Zieria lasiocaulis Willi Willi Zieria Endangered NSW J Zieria littoralis Downy Zieria, NSW, Tas, Vic A, J Dwarf Zieria Zieria montana Mountain Zieria QLD E Zieria murphyi Velvet Zieria Vulnerable NSW A, J Zieria veronicea Pink Zieria SA K subsp. insularis

[1] Common names are intended as a guide only and different species may be known by the same common name. All applications should reference the scientific name of the species being targeted. [2] Some EPBC Act Vulnerable taxa will be included in this high priority list. Although they are not CR or END, they are listed in or endemic to states or territories and have been rated as high.

This table is intended as a general guide, and is not intended to be comprehensive for each species. Specific interventions required for each species are best informed by species experts, and a detailed suite of actions at local and regional scales should be developed – in many cases, planning and action by state agencies and other land managers is already underway. However, the trait information collated for each species provides indications of the type of actions likely to be required for any species. For example, if a species is highly susceptible to introduced herbivores in the post- fire period, then some form of herbivore control or exclusion is indicated. If a species is particularly susceptible to weed invasion, then weed control may be considered.

FURTHER INFORMATION Bushfire recovery package for plants: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/bushfire- recovery Species Profile and Threats (SPRAT) Database: https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl GIS data on Species of National Environmental Significance: https://www.environment.gov.au/science/erin/databases-maps/snes

Published by the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment on 12 October 2020. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia. Licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. For license conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/