The Three Gorges Dam Case Study
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Confession, Redemption, and Death: Liu Xiaobo and the Protest Movement of 1989
Confession, Redemption, and Death: Liu Xiaobo and the Protest Movement of 1989 Geremie Barmé1 There should be room for my extremism; I certainly don’t demand of others that they be like me... I’m pessimistic about mankind in general, but my pessimism does not allow for escape. Even though I might be faced with nothing but a series of tragedies, I will still struggle, still show my opposition. This is why I like Nietzsche and dislike Schopenhauer. Liu Xiaobo, November 19882 I FROM 1988 to early 1989, it was a common sentiment in Beijing that China was in crisis. Economic reform was faltering due to the lack of a coherent program of change or a unified approach to reforms among Chinese leaders and ambitious plans to free prices resulted in widespread panic over inflation; the question of political succession to Deng Xiaoping had taken alarming precedence once more as it became clear that Zhao Ziyang was under attack; nepotism was rife within the Party and corporate economy; egregious corruption and inflation added to dissatisfaction with educational policies and the feeling of hopelessness among intellectuals and university students who had profited little from the reforms; and the general state of cultural malaise and social ills combined to create a sense of impending doom. On top of this, the government seemed unwilling or incapable of attempting to find any new solutions to these problems. It enlisted once more the aid of propaganda, empty slogans, and rhetoric to stave off the mounting crisis. University students in Beijing appeared to be particularly heavy casualties of the general malaise. -
Challenges in Researching the Three Gorges
Running into Dead Ends: Challenges in Researching the Three Gorges Dam By Gørild Heggelund hen I first began to study the Three Gorges made it one of the most controversial construction Dam in the late 1980s to write my master’s projects to date in China. While it will play a crucial role Wthesis, I did not realize that the dam would in flood control and energy generation, it is ultimately a dominate my life for the next decade—both for master political project with much government prestige at stake. and doctorate degrees. Apart from an interval of three The Three Gorges project easily draws criticism, as it has years working for the UN in Beijing and taking maternity great implications for both people and the environment leave, I devoted years of research examining various in the Three Gorges area. Nevertheless, passing judgment political and social aspects of this controversial dam on whether or not the dam should have been constructed project. was not the objective of my thesis. My aspiration was to Not surprisingly, I was exposed to the complexity of provide information that highlights the developments in the political debates surrounding the project early in the the resettlement process for this project, as well as relating research process, as one of my first encounters with people them to general political and social trends in China. One involved in the discussion about the dam was Dai Qing.1 of the main advantages of doing research on an intriguing She presented me with her book Changjiang Changjiang project such as the Three Gorges is the potential for (Yangtze Yangtze), which was published in 1989 as an increased comprehension of the Chinese society at large, attempt to lobby against the dam. -
Contemporary China: a Book List
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY: Woodrow Wilson School, Politics Department, East Asian Studies Program CONTEMPORARY CHINA: A BOOK LIST by Lubna Malik and Lynn White Winter 2007-2008 Edition This list is available on the web at: http://www.princeton.edu/~lynn/chinabib.pdf which can be viewed and printed with an Adobe Acrobat Reader. Variation of font sizes may cause pagination to differ slightly in the web and paper editions. No list of books can be totally up-to-date. Please surf to find further items. Also consult http://www.princeton.edu/~lynn/chinawebs.doc for clicable URLs. This list of items in English has several purposes: --to help advise students' course essays, junior papers, policy workshops, and senior theses about contemporary China; --to supplement the required reading lists of courses on "Chinese Development" and "Chinese Politics," for which students may find books to review in this list; --to provide graduate students with a list that may suggest books for paper topics and may slightly help their study for exams in Chinese politics; a few of the compiler's favorite books are starred on the list, but not much should be made of this because such books may be old or the subjects may not meet present interests; --to supplement a bibliography of all Asian serials in the Princeton Libraries that was compiled long ago by Frances Chen and Maureen Donovan; many of these are now available on the web,e.g., from “J-Stor”; --to suggest to book selectors in the Princeton libraries items that are suitable for acquisition; to provide a computerized list on which researchers can search for keywords of interests; and to provide a resource that many teachers at various other universities have also used. -
Showcasing the Chinese Version of Moderni-Tea in Africa: Tea Plantations and PRC Economic Aid to Guinea and Mali During the 1960S
W O R K I N G P A P E R # 80 Showcasing the Chinese Version of Moderni-tea in Africa: Tea Plantations and PRC Economic Aid to Guinea and Mali during the 1960s By Gregg Brazinsky, July 2016 THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES Christian F. Ostermann, Series Editor This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side” of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. The project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to accelerate the process of integrating new sources, materials and perspectives from the former “Communist bloc” with the historiography of the Cold War which has been written over the past few decades largely by Western scholars reliant on Western archival sources. It also seeks to transcend barriers of language, geography, and regional specialization to create new links among scholars interested in Cold War history. Among the activities undertaken by the project to promote this aim are a periodic BULLETIN to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for young historians from the former Communist bloc to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars; and publications. -
China's Afrika Beleid
China in Afrika: ontwikkelingsland of grootmacht Een neoklassieke analyse van het Afrikabeleid van China tussen 1978-2002 - Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen - Masterthesis Politicologie Internationale Betrekkingen Nijmegen, 27 maart 2013 Ramona Schmetter, 3023249 Begeleider: Dr. Anna van der Vleuten Tweede lezer: Prof. Dr. Bertjan Verbeek Abstract China’s presence on the African continent goes back to the ancient times. China supported African countries during the Cold War mainly on a bilateral basis. In 2000, with the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), the character of the cooperation between China and African countries changed rapidly to a more multilateral kind. It is not clear what explains the shift from bilateral connections to extended multilateral cooperation. In this masterthesis I tried to offer an explanation for this change in Chinese foreign policy behaviour with the help of the neoclassical realist theory. China’s relative power has increased in the last two decades and while the perception of the China’s foreign policy executive (FPE) changed positively, other internal factors like the power position of the FPE remained relatively unchanged. In fact, this shows some anomalies for the expectations of neoclassical realism. Trefwoorden: Africa, China, foreign policy, Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), neoclassical realism. 2 Voorwoord in het Duits Ich bin keine Frau großer Worte, vorallem nicht schriftlich oder in einer fremden Sprache. Hiermit präsentiere ich Ihnen meine Masterarbeit, das Resultat meiner Bemühungen um sowohl fachkenntlich als auch sprachlich zu beweisen, was ich in den letzten Jahren gelernt habe. Auch wenn der Weg zur Vollendung dieser Masterarbeit steinig war und die eine oder andere Träne geflossen ist, möchte ich diese Zeit nicht missen. -
The Chinese Liberal Camp in Post-June 4Th China
The Chinese Liberal Camp [/) OJ > been a transition to and consolidation of "power elite capital that economic development necessitated further reforms, the in Post-June 4th China ism" (quangui zibenzhuyr), in which the development of the provocative attacks on liberalism by the new left, awareness of cruellest version of capitalism is dominated by the the accelerating pace of globalisation, and the posture of Jiang ~ Communist bureaucracy, leading to phenomenal economic Zemin's leadership in respect to human rights and rule of law, OJ growth on the one hand and endemic corruption, striking as shown by the political report of the Fifteenth Party []_ social inequalities, ecological degeneration, and skilful politi Congress and the signing of the "International Covenant on D... cal oppression on the other. This unexpected outcome has Economic, Social and Cultural Rights" and the "International This paper is aa assessment of Chinese liberal intellectuals in the two decades following June 4th. It provides an disheartened many democracy supporters, who worry that Covenant on Civil and Political Rights."'"' analysis of the intellectual development of Chinese liberal intellectuals; their attitudes toward the party-state, China's transition is "trapped" in a "resilient authoritarian The core of the emerging liberal camp is a group of middle economic reform, and globalisation; their political endeavours; and their contributions to the project of ism" that can be maintained for the foreseeable future. (3) age scholars who can be largely identified as members of the constitutional democracy in China. However, because it has produced unmanageably acute "Cultural Revolution Generation," including Zhu Xueqin, social tensions and new social and political forces that chal Xu Youyu, Qin Hui, He Weifang, Liu junning, Zhang lenge the one-party dictatorship, Market-Leninism is not actu Boshu, Sun Liping, Zhou Qiren, Wang Dingding and iberals in contemporary China understand liberalism end to the healthy trend of politicalliberalisation inspired by ally that resilient. -
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Kenya-China Relations
i SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING KENYA-CHINA RELATIONS BY FAIMA MOHAMMED A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN DIPLOMACY AND FOREIGN POLICY (EXECUTIVE) MOI UNIVERSITY 2020 ii DECLARATION Declaration by Candidate This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. No part of this project may be reproduced without prior permission of the author and/or Moi University. Signature: _________________________ Date: ____________________ FAIMA MOHAMMED SASS/PGDFP/001/18 Declaration by the Supervisors This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as University supervisors. Signature: _________________________ Date: ____________________ Mr. WENANI A. KILONGI Department of History, Political Science and Public Administration Moi University, Eldoret Signature: _________________________ Date: ____________________ Dr Paul K. Kurgat Department of History, Political Science and Public Administration Moi University, Eldoret iii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my mum Duthi Hassan and beloved husband Faisal Mohammed for their undying support and consideration. To Rahma, Yasmin and Faiza for their encouragement and to Faaiz and Mahmoud for always being an inspiration. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work would not have been possible were it not for the Almighty God. Secondly, I sincerely thank my supervisors; Mr Wenani Kilongi and Dr Paul Kurgat. I immensely benefitted from their constructive intellectual criticism and guidance. They went out of their way to read and give suggestions that improved this work a great deal. Special gratitude goes to my informants who made this research a success by willingly giving me the information needed in various interviews. -
February 1995 Vol.7 No.2 the THREE GORGES DAM in CHINA: Forced Resettlement, Suppression of Dissent and Labor Rights Concern
February 1995 Vol.7 No.2 THE THREE GORGES DAM IN CHINA: Forced Resettlement, Suppression of Dissent and Labor Rights Concerns I . Summary. .3 II. Muzzling the Critics . .5 III. Case of the "Democratic Youth Party". .9 IV. Population Relocation Program. 11 V. Labor Rights. 17 VI. Conclusions. 19 VII. Recommendations . 21 Appendix I . 24 Appendix II. 30 Appendix III . 37 Appendix IV. 45 I . Summary In April 1992, China's National People's Congress (npc) formally approved the "Resolution on the Construction of the Yangtze River Three Gorges Project," marking the conclusion of decades of controversy within the Chinese leadership in favor of supporters of the world's biggest-ever river dam project. Despite strenuous government attempts to muzzle the debate, almost one-third of the normally compliant npc delegates, in an unprecedented display of legislative dissent, either abstained or cast opposition votes. The following year, a pilot project for the resettlement of an estimated 1.1 to 1.6 million inhabitants of the proposed 600-kilometer-long reservoir area drew to a close and, in early 1994, the full resettlement program began in earnest. By mid-year, excavation and preparation of the dam's foundations were underway at Sandouping, the chosen dam site just downstream of the world-famous Three Gorges scenic area; in December, Premier Li Peng formally declared the project open. The Chinese government has offered overseas manufacturers US$3 billion worth of machinery and equipment contracts and will reportedly seek an additional US$5 billion or so in overseas funding for the project. International tendering has already begun for a preliminary range of dam-related construction contracts. -
China Environment Series 8 ISSUE 8, 2006
China EnvironmEnt SEries 8 iSSUE 8, 2006 Legal Advocacy in Environmental Public Participation Evolving Civil Society: From Environment to Health Reducing China’s Thirst for Foreign Oil Spurring Innovations for Clean Energy and Water Protection Water Conflict Resolution Energy: China and the North American Response Plus: Notes From the Field, Spotlight on NGOs EDITOR Jennifer L. Turner MANAGING EDITOR Juli S. Kim SPECIAL REPORT CO-EDITOR Timothy Hildebrandt PRODUCTION EDITORS Lianne Hepler and Jeremy Swanston RESEARCH ASSISTANTS Xixi Chen, Baohua Yan, and Louise Yeung ECSP STAFF Karin R. Bencala, Gib Clarke, Geoffrey D. Dabelko, Juli S. Kim, Meaghan Parker, Sean Peoples, Jennifer L. Turner, Alison Williams COVER PHOTO A view of the Nu River in Yunnan Province. © Ma Jun China EnvironmEnt SEries iSSUE 8, 2006 The China Environment Forum For nine years, the China Environment Forum—a sub-project within the Environmental Change and Security Program—has been active in creating programming, exchanges, and publications to encour- age dialogue among U.S., Chinese, and other Asian scholars, policymakers, businesses, and nongov- ernmental organizations on environmental and energy challenges in China. The China Environment Forum regularly brings together experts with diverse backgrounds and affiliations from the fields of environmental protection, China studies, energy, U.S. foreign policy, economics, and rural develop- ment. Through monthly meetings and the annual China Environment Series, the China Environment Forum aims to identify the most important environmental and sustainable development issues in China and explore creative ideas and opportunities for governmental and nongovernmental cooperation. The Wilson Center’s Asia Program periodically cosponsors meetings with the China Environment Forum. -
党和国家领导人重视民间外交工作 Party and State Leaders Attach Importance to People-To-People Diplomacy
fmfd-c5.indd 1 11-3-29 上午8:46 党和国家领导人重视民间外交工作 Party and State Leaders Attach Importance to People-to-people Diplomacy 寄希望于人民。 如果只有两国政府的合作 用民间外交的办法,不管 发展民间外交,有利于增 Hopes are placed on the people. 而没有民间交往,两国关系是 从历史上看,还是从现在看, 进各国人民的友谊,有利于促 不可能有扎实基础的。 都有非常重要的作用。 进各国经济、文化的交流和合 State relations would lack a solid China’s people-to-people diplomacy, 作,有利于为国家关系的发展 foundation if there were only governmental whether viewed from a historical cooperation but no people-to-people perspective or from the present, has 奠定广泛的社会群众基础。 contacts. played a very important role. To develop people-to-people diplomacy helps enhance friendship between the peoples, promote economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation among the countries and lay a broad social mass foundation for the development of state relations. 2-p1-11-s5.indd 1 11-3-29 上午8:47 前 言 中国人民对外友好协会成立于 1954 年 5 月,它是中华人民共和国 从事民间外交事业的全国性人民团体,以增进人民友谊、推动国际合 作、维护世界和平、促进共同发展为工作宗旨。它代表中国人民同各国 对华友好的团体和各界人士进行友好交往,在世界舞台上为中国人民的 正义事业争取国际同情,努力为国家总体外交、祖国建设与和平统一、 世界和谐服务。目前,我会与全国 300 多个地方友协密切合作,与世界 上 157 个国家的近 500 个民间团体和机构建立了友好合作关系,是沟通 中国人民和世界人民友谊的桥梁。 Foreword The Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries was established in May 1954. It is a national people’s organization engaged in people-to-people diplomacy of the People’s Republic of China. The aims of the Association are to enhance people-to-people friendship, further international cooperation, safeguard world peace, and promote common development. On behalf of the Chinese people, it makes friendly contacts with China-friendly organizations and personages of various circles in other countries, strives to gain international support for the just cause of the Chinese people on the world arena, and works in the interests of China’s total diplomacy, national construction and peaceful reunification and world harmony. -
Chin1821.Pdf
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd955 No online items Finding Aid for the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives, 1989-1993 Processed by UCLA Library Special Collections staff; machine-readable finding aid created by Caroline Cubé. UCLA Library Special Collections UCLA Library Special Collections staff Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/special/scweb/ © 2009 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 1821 1 Descriptive Summary Title: China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives Date (inclusive): 1989-1993 Collection number: 1821 Creator: Center for Chinese Studies and the Center for Pacific Rim Studies, UCLA Extent: 22 boxes (11 linear ft.)1 oversize box. Abstract: The present finding aid represents the fruits of a multiyear collaborative effort, undertaken at the initiative of then UCLA Chancellor Charles Young, to collect, collate, classify, and annotate available materials relating to the China Democracy Movement and tiananmen crisis of 1989. These materials---including, inter alia, thousands of documents, transcribed radio broadcasts, local newspaper and journal articles, wall posters, electronic communications, and assorted ephemeral sources, some in Chinese and some in English---provide a wealth of information for scholars, present and future, who wish to gain a better understanding of the complex, swirling forces that surrounded the extraordinary "Beijing Spring" of 1989 and its tragic denouement. The scholarly community is indebted to those who have collected and arranged this archive of materials about the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives. -
Debates on Constitutionalism and the Legacies of the Cultural Revolution Wu Changchang*
674 Debates on Constitutionalism and the Legacies of the Cultural Revolution Wu Changchang* Abstract This article focuses on the debate surrounding constitutionalism that has been driven by a constitutionalist alliance of media reporters, intellectuals and lawyers since 2010, and follows its historical trajectory. It argues that this debate forms a discourse with a structuring absence, the roots of which can be traced back to the taboos surrounding the Cultural Revolution, the 1975 Constitution, and every- thing associated with them. The absence manifests itself in the silence on workers’ right to strike, a right which was deleted from the 1982 Constitution in an attempt to correct the ultra-leftist anarchy of the Cultural Revolution. Previous and in con- trast to that, there was a Maoist constitutional movement in the Cultural Revolution, represented by the 1975 Constitution, that aimed to protect the con- stituent power of the workers by legalizing their right to strike. Today, we are wit- nessing the rise of migrant workers as they struggle for trade union reform and collective bargaining with little support from the party-state or local trade unions. In this context, a third constitutional transformation should be considered that is not a return to the 1975 Constitution but which instead adds some elements which protect labour’s right to strike to the 1982 Constitution. Keywords: China; constituent power; the constitutionalist alliance; the constitutionalist revolution; the constitutional transformation; right to strike In the middle