Journal of the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia
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Journal of the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia Vol. 11, No. 1 Spring 1988 On the cover: This picture shows the men of the American Volga Relief Society packing bundles of clothing to be shipped to the German Red Cross in Berlin. On top of the bales is Henry Schmidt; John Walker is kneeling by the scales in the front. In the front row from left to right are John Rohrig, Rev. Richard Kuehne, Conrad Hock, Dave Wagenleiter (?), Jacob Schmidt, unknown, Adolf Lebsack Jr.,... Lenhardt, John Schmidt Sr. In the back row are George Kaufman, Harry Kaufman, Henry J. Amen. H. H. Alles, Henry Frank, J. J. Stroh, unknown, George Stroh, unknown, George Walters. The photograph was taken in the storeroom of the Shogo Lithia Springs Co., owned by John Rohrig Sr., and was donated to AHSGR by Robert and Kathryn Eitel Rohrig. See related story beginning on page 31. Published by American Historical Society of Germans from Russia 631 D Street • Lincoln, Nebraska 68502-1199 • Phone 402-474-3363 Edited by: Ruth M. Amen, Jo Ann Kuhr, Mary Rabenberg Copyright 1988 by the American Historical Society of Germans From Russia. All rights reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS REINHOLD DEWALD AND RELIEF CATTLE FOR GERMANY Compiled by Reuben Goertz ................................................... 1 MY EXPERIENCES IN A SIBERIAN PRISON CAMP DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR II Bruno Reule ............................................................... 10 FOLKLORE FORUM: WEATHERLORE OF THE GERMANS FROM RUSSIA Compiled by Timothy J. Kloberdans ........................................... 15 WE SING OUR HISTORY Lawrence A. Weigel ......................................................... 22 HEALTH CARE BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF THE HUTTERITES OF FOREST RIVER COMMUNITY, NORTH DAKOTA Cheryl Briggs .............................................................. 24 RELIEF WORK OF THE AMERICAN VOLGA RELIEF SOCIETY IN GERMANY Richard Kuehne Translated by Selma Miller ..........................…………………………………………………........................ 31 REFUGEES ARRIVING IN THE HEIMKEHRLAGER AT FRANKFURT/ODER IN 1922 Compiled by Edward R. Gerk ................................................. 35 THE YOUNG PEOPLE Hertha Karasek-Strzygowski Translated by Sally Tiessen Hieb ..............………………………………………………….............................. 45 GERMAN PROTESTANTS IN TSARIST RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION Gerd Stricker Translated by Gill Ablitt ............................………………………………………………………......................... 49 BOOKS AND ARTICLES RECENTLY ADDED TO THE AHSGR ARCHIVES Frances Amen, Mary Lynn Tuck, and Mary Rabenberg ........................... 62 i The West Arrow. Cowboys, ship's crew, and dignitaries on board the West Arrow. Both photos courtesy of Harriet Haar Schaeffer, whose father, Hugo Haar, is fourth from left, back row. 11 REINHOLD DEWALD AND RELIEF CATTLE FOR GERMANY Compiled by Reuben Goertz The flames of the war that had been extinguished The South Dakota Leader, a Mitchell, South in Europe three years earlier erupted with vigor in Dakota, paper, used even less restraint than the other South Dakota in March 1921. The antagonists were two papers but only charged the Legion with being former comrades in arms in the American dupes of the Ku-Klux Klan. In large, boldfaced letters, Expeditionary Force in Europe. The object of the entire front page denounced the Ku Kluxers, the contention was a herd of about seven hundred cattle Ku-Klux viper, the outlaws, and mobsters. collected mostly by Germans from Russia in South Dakota to be sent to Germany to provide milk for THE SOUTH DAKOTA LEADER children. War reparations in France had depleted Mitchell, South Dakota, April 9, 1921 Germany's supply of dairy cows, and undernourished NEAR CIVIL WAR IN HUTCHINSON COUNTY children were starving. By Tom Ayres Certain elements considered this humanitarian Kansas held the stage for several weeks with its gesture a treasonable act and made an armed attempt marauding, its mobbings, its illegal lynching of free speech to abort the shipment. The shock waves generated by and peaceable assemblage; its tarring of men for opinion's the confrontation rolled all the way to New York on sake; its Ku-Klux governor apologizing for the Ku Kluxers; its attorney general finding a fidgety, foolish, fishy pretext for the front page of Issues of To-Day, a weekly protecting the outlaws, but it remained for South Dakota to newspaper. furnish the last example of Ku-Klux activities and to come nearest the actual climax of civil war. ISSUES OF TODAY In another place in this week's issue of the Leader will be An American Weekly for Social Decency and Civic Justice New found a news story from the Mitchell Republican giving an account of a Ku-Klux raid in Bon Homme and Hutchinson York, Saturday, April 16, 1921 Counties in which members of the American Legion took a leading part and which nearly resulted in bloodshed. The Battle of the Cows Detailed Story of the American Legion's Assault on the Milk Like most people in Hutchinson County (Freeman, Cattle Gathered for the Relief of German Children Menno, Tripp, Parkston, Kaylor, Demock, and Olivet), Six Hundred Animals Stampeded in Night the editor of the Freeman Courier was a German from Gangsters in Automobile Rode Among Pregnant Cattle and Opened Fire, Russia. He never used a headline, and he never had an But Discreetly Retreated When Confronted With Winchesters editorial page. All news items were worthy of one's This article had first appeared in the Dakota Freie undivided attention, so headlines were redundant. Presse on April 12, 1921. The headline in the Dakota Objective news reporting revealed a glaring lack of Freie Presse was more subdued, but with the conviction, therefore his news items were liberally exception of the first and last paragraphs, it was laced with editorial comment. identical with the article that appeared in the New He was in the Yankton hospital when the trouble York paper, with one notable difference: the language erupted. He not only heard the local opinion, he also was German. read about it in the exchange papers. His account of Die Schandtat bei Scotland, S.D. the incident seems to reflect affirmation of the stance Bin zweiter Bericht fiber die Schandtaten ernes of The South Dakota Leader. Like the writer in Mobs beim Verladen der fur Deutschlands kungemde Kinder bestimmten Kuhe wurde uns zugesandet. Wir Mitchell, he uses the words "mob" and "mobbers" geben ihm seiner Ausfuhr-lichkeit halber gern Plats. freely. He does not berate the Legion unduly but (A second report concerning the disgraceful actions of a castigates those who would use former servicemen "to mob during the loading of cows destined for the starving pull their chestnuts out of the fire." After all, most of children of Germany was sent to us. Because of its the Hutchinson County defenders in this skirmish explicitness we gladly give it space.) [Note: the first report was in the April 5, 1921, issue.—Ed.] were also Legionnaires. Since both papers carried the same article, both papers accused the American Legion of instigating the confrontation. 1 FREEMAN COURIER him, saying, 'Send us into the swine, that we may enter into April 7, 1921 them.' And forthwith Jesus gave them leave. And the After coming home from the Yankton hospital we found unclean spirits went out and entered into the swine; and the it very interesting to read the articles in the exchanges herd ran violently down a steep place into the sea, (they about the trouble in Scotland with the gift cows. In some were about two thousand) and were choked in the sea." articles you could read between the lines that the writer Mr. DeWald wrote as follows [translated by felt more like defending the actions of the mobsters than compiler]: For many years I had entertained the telling them they are the breeders of bolshevism and thought that it would be nice to see Europe. But that it lawbreakers, but nearly all the papers came out with would happen so soon and that the dear cows would words of condemnation for the action of the mobbers. have something to do with it never entered my mind. After gathering all the information from papers and It cost much toil and tribulation to gather the cattle other sources you can*t help but conclude that the cause and drive them to Scotland where many good people of the whole trouble is the ignorance of the mobbers, the live—but where some are quite mad also. Before we inspiration from fellows whom the mobbers considered were aware of it, we were involved with the prominent men and that they were kept under the im- aforementioned cows in such a way that we were the pression that the American Legion as an organization living proof of the old axiom, "Truth is stranger than apposed [sic] the shipment of the cows. There seems to fiction." be a tendency nowadays for attempts to use former At first we were accused of being responsible for servicemen to pull chestnuts out of the fire for someone the trouble by the false accusation that one of our ... boys had stolen some bedding. When it became Another account insists it was a gang of obvious that this dirty plan wouldn't work, the evil rumrunners that instigated the incident. In a speech to demons entered the cattle and possessed them, since the members of the Homestead Chapter of the there weren't any swine nearby. Luckily, we survived AHSGR, in the Little Stone Church in Scotland on with our skins unbroken, but several of the cows had May 17, 1987, a highly respected gentleman who well to surrender their hides to the salt treatment. remembers the cattle war gave his opinions. This As you know, the cattle were finally loaded. lifelong citizen of Scotland told of a gang of Practically all of us had pistols in our pockets to hold international rumrunners that had their headquarters the howling wolves of Scotland at bay. We were glad in Scotland. They were not your small-town boot- when the train finally got under way, even if we were leggers but operated a cartel that smuggled booze threatened with reprisal if this should happen.