Keith Gilyard Anissa Janine Wardi
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Keith Gilyard The Pennsylvania Stale Ijnivcrsity, Department of English Anissa Janine Wardi Chatham College, Department of English PENGUIN ACADEMICS New York San Francisco Boston London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal Content** Preface xxi CHAPTER 1 The Middle Passage, Mourning, and Survival 1 Further Reading 5 OLAUDAH EQUIANO (1745-1797) from The Interesting Narrative 6 ROBERT HAYDEN (1913-198O) "Middle Passage" 20 HENRY DUMAS (1934-1968) "Ark of Bones" 25 TONI MORRISON (1931-) from Beloved 37 CHARLES JOHNSON (1948-) from Middle Passage 41 AUGUST WILSON (1945-) from/oe Turner's Come and Gone 45 EVERETT HOAGLAND (1942-) "Homecoming" 49 "Goree" 52 "Dust" 56 W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963) from The Souls of Black Folk 57 Contents PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR (1872-1906) "A Death Song" 62 COUNTEE CULLEN (1903-1946) "A Brown Girl Dead" 63 ARNA BONTEMPS (1902-1973) from Black Thunder 64 ZORA NEALE HURSTON (1891-1960) from Their Eyes Were Watching God 72 ALICE WALKER (1944-) from In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens 79 "Burial" 96 "View from Rosehill Cemetery" 99 ERNEST GAINES (1933-) from A Gathering of Old Men 100 JULIE DASH (1952-) from Daughters of the Dust 107 Writing Assignments 116 CHAPTER 2 The Influence of the Spirituals 117 Further Reading 121 ANONYMOUS "God's Going to Trouble the Water" 122 ANONYMOUS "Didn 't My Lord Deliver Daniel?" 122 ANONYMOUS "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" 125 ANONYMOUS "StealAway tofesus" 126 JUPITER HAMMON (1711-1806) "An Evening Thought" 127 Contents ° PHILLIS WHEATLEY (1753?-1784) "On Being Brought from Africa to A merica " 130 "Letter to Samson Occum" 130 ANONYMOUS "Go Down, Moses" 131 FRANCES E.W HARPER (I825-1911) from "Moses:A Story of the Nile" 136 PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR (1872-1906) "An Ante-Bellum Sermon" 159 ANONYMOUS "God's Gonna Set This World on Fire" 161 ANONYMOUS "Dry Bones" 162 JAMES WELDON JOHNSON (1871-1938) "O Black and Unknown Bards" 163 "The fudgment Day" 164 ROBERT HAYDEN (1913-198O) "Runagate Runagate " 167 LAURYN HILL (1975-) "Final Hour" 170 ANONYMOUS "Walk Together Children" 171 JOHN OLIVER KILLENS (1916-1987) from Youngblood 173 WILLIAM MELVIN KELLEY (1937-) from A Different Drummer 204 AMIRI BARAKA (1934-) "When We'll Worship fesus" 222 CAROLYN RODGERS (1945-) "fesus Was Crucified" 225 "It Is Deep" 228 ANONYMOUS "There's No Hiding Place Down There" 229 Contents CURTIS MAYFIELD (i 942-1997) "People Get Ready" 230 ANONYMOUS "I've Been'Buked" 231 JAMES BROWN (1933-) "Say It Loud" 232 CHARLIE BRAXTON (1961-) "Apocalypse" 233 NICOLE BREEDLOVE (1970-) "The New Miz Praise De Lawd" 234 Writing Assignments 235 CHAPTER 3 The South as Literary Landscape 237 Further Reading 240 FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1818-1895) from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, American Slave, Written by Himself 241 MARGARET WALKER a 915-1988) "Southern Song" 260 JEANTOOMER (1894-1967) from Cane 261 RICHARD WRIGHT (1908-1960) "Big Boy Leaves Home" 272 ZORA NEALE HURSTON (1891-1960) from Their Eyes Were Watching God 306 GLORIA NAYLOR (1950-) from Mama Day 311 MAYA ANGELOU (1928-) from Gather Together in My Name 319 BILLIE HOLIDAY (1915-1959) "Strange Fruit" 327 Contents ARRESTED DEVELOPMENT "Tennessee" 328 Writing Assignments 330 CHAPTER 4 Folklore and Literature 331 Further Reading 335 ANONYMOUS "The Signifying Monkey" 336 CHARLES W. CHESNUTT (1858-1932) "Goophered Grapevine" 338 "Po'Sandy" 350 ANONYMOUS "Railroad Bill" 359 ISHMAEL REED (1938-) "Railroad Bill, A Conjure Man " 360 from Flight to Canada 366 ANONYMOUS "Stagolee" 374 ANONYMOUS "The Sinking of the Titanic" 375 ETHERIDGE KNIGHT (1931-1991) "I Sing of Shine" 377 ANONYMOUS John Henry" 378 MELVIN B.TOLSON (1898-1966) "The Birth offohn Henry" 382 COLSON WHITEHEAD (1969-) from fohn Henry Days 383 NTOZAKE SHANGE (1948-) from Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo 389 TINA MCELROY ANSA (1949-) from Baby of the Family 428 x • Contents Writing Assignments 449 CHAPTER 5 Expressions of Blues and Jazz 451 Further Reading 454 W. C. HANDY (1873-1958) "St. Louis Blues" 455 BESSIE SMITH (1894-1937) "Backwater Blues" 457 LANGSTON HUGHES (1902-1967) "The Weary Blues" 458 "Midwinter Blues" 459 "Ma Man" 460 "Wide River" 460 "Flatted Fifths" 461 "fam Session" 462 'T/be Backlash Blues" 462 MA RAINEY (1886-1939) "See, See Rider" 463 "Sissy Blues" 464 "Prove It on Me Blues" 464 STERLING BROWN (1901-1989) "Ma Rainey" 466 "New St. Louis Blues" 461 QUINCY TROUPE (1939-) "River Town Packin House Blues" 470 MARI EVANS "Liberation Blues" 475 "Lee Morgan" 474 JAMES BALDWIN (1924-1987) "Sonny's Blues" 476 TED JOANS (1928-2003) "fazz Is" 505 "Jazz Is My Religion" 506 "Him the Bird" 506 Contents ° xi BOB KAUFMANN (1925-1986) "His Horn" 508 "OJAZZ-O" 508 AMIRI BARAKA (1934-) "AM/TRAK" 509 SONIA SANCHEZ (1934-) "a/coltrane/poem" 515 JAYNE CORTEZ (1936-) "Into This Time" 518 "Solo Finger Solo" 521 XAM WILSON CARTIER (1949-) from Be-Bop, Re-Bop 522 STERLING PLUMPP (1940-) "Law Giver in the Wilderness" 534 "Ornate with Smoke" 537 "Riffs" 542 "My History" 544 YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA (1947-) "Elegy for Thelonius" 548 "February in Sydney" 549 ANGELA JACKSON (1951-) "Billie in Silk" 550 "Make/n My Music" 552 BRIAN GILMORE (1962-) "d.c.-harlem suite" 553 Writing Assignments 560 CHAPTER 6 Stories of Migration 561 Further Reading 565 PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR (I872-1906) from The Sport of the Gods 566 MA RAINEY (1886-1939) "Traveling Blues" 657 Contents BESSIE SMITH (1894-1937) AND CLARA SMITH (1894-1935) "Faraway Blues" 658 ALAIN LOCKE (1886-1954) "The New Negro " 659 TONI MORRISON (1931-) fromjazz 670 RALPH ELLISON (1913-1994) from Invisible Man 675 ARTHUR FLOWERS (1950-) from Another Good Loving Blues 685 Writing Assignments 692 CHAPTER 7 Urban Landscapes 695 Further Reading 698 NATHAN MCCALL (1955-) from Makes Me Wanna Holler 699 JOHN EDGAR WIDEMAN (1941-) from Brothers and Keepers 714 EUGENE B. REDMOND (1937-) "City Night Storm " 723 "We're Tight, Soul-Tight—Like Lincolnites" 724 "Indigenous Daughter Awake in the Dreams ofNana" 728 "Choreo-Empress'Leg-a-cy Lands on East Saint Earth, 2nd Take" 729 "Wishing..." 731 TERRY MCMILLAN (1951-) from Mama 732 RITA DOVE (1952-) "The Zulus" 740 "Maple Valley Branch Library, 1967" 743 "My Mother Enters the Work Force" 745 Contents *> xih WANDA COLEMAN (1946-) "Fast Eddie" 746 "Flight of the California Condor (2) " 747 "Dominoes" 749 "Low English" 750 "Sears Life" 751 "South Central Los Angeles Deathtrip 1982" 752 LAMONT B. STEPTOE (1949-) "Window Shopping" 757 "Kennywood" 758 "Three Legged Chairs" 759 "Spooked" 759 "Seamstress" 760 "A Ghosted Blues" 761 MURSALATA MUHAMMAD (1969-) "Detroit" 762 "Street Play" 763 "Women at the House of Braids Discuss Flo Jo" 764 KEITH GILYARD (1952-) "The Hatmaker" 766 "Anyone Heard from Manuel?" 770 WALTER MOSLEY (1952-) "The Thief" 781 Writing Assignments 794 CHAPTER 8 A Strand of Social Protest 795 Further Reading 798 RICHARD WRIGHT (1908-1960) from Native Son 799 CHESTER HIMES (1909-1984) from If He Hollers Let Him Go 815 ANN PETRY (1908-1997) from The Street 825 xiv ° Contents LANGSTON HUGHES (1902-1967) "Tell Me" 839 "Harlem [2]" 839 LORRAINE HANSBERRY (i 930-1965) A Raisin in the Sun 840 Writing Assignments 928 CHAPTER 9 Jeremiads 931 Further Reading 936 DAVID WALKER (1785-1830) Article III of the Appeal 937 FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1818-1895) "The Blood of the Slave on the Skirts of the Northern People" 945 "Emancipation, Racism, and the Work Before Us" 949 BOOKER T.WASHINGTON (1856-1915) "Speech at the Atlanta Exposition" 960 from The Future of the A merican Negro 963 IDA B.WELLS-BARNETT (I862-1931) from A Red Record 977 from Mob Rule in New Orleans 981 W. E. B. Du Bois (I868-1963) "The Niagara Movement" 983 "Awake America" 986 from The Autobiography of WE. B. Du Bois 987 MARY MCLEOD BETHUNE (1875-1955) "Certain Unalienable Rights" 993 MARTIN LUTHER KINGJR. (1929-1968) "Speech at Holt Street Baptist Church" 1003 "IHave a Dream" 1007 from Where Do We Go From Here? 1011 Contents a xv CORNEL WEST (1953-) "Beyond Multiculturalism & Eurocentrism " 1017 "A Twilight Civilization" 1031 Writing Assignments 1034 CHAPTER 10 Discourses of Black Nationalism 1037 Further Reading 1041 DAVID WALKER (1785-1830) Preamble plus Articles I and II of the Appeal 1041 MARIA STEWART (1803-1879) "Address at the African Masonic Hall" 1069 MARTIN ROBISON DELANY (1812-1885) "A Glance at Ourselves" 1076 "A Project for an Expedition of Adventure, to the Eastern Coast of Africa" 1083 W E. B. Du Bois (I868-1963) "The Conservation of Races" 1087 MARCUS GARVEY (1887-1940) "Africa for the Africans" 1098 "The Future as I See It" 1102 "First Speech after Release from Tombs Prison Delivered at Liberty Hall, New York City, September 13, 1923" 1107 MALCOLM X (1925-1965) "The Black Revolution " 1112 "The Ballot or the Bullet" 1118 HAKI MADHUBUn (1942-) "Standing as an African Man " 1136 Writing Assignments 1139 xvi ° Contents CHAPTER 11 Statements of Feminism 1141 Further Reading 1146 SOJOURNER TRUTH (1797-1883) "Speech Delivered to the Woman's Rights Convention, Akron, Ohio " (Campbell and Gage versions) 1147 "Speech Delivered to the First Annual Meeting of the American Equal Rights Association" 1150 ANNA JULIA COOPER (1858-1964) "Womanhood:A Vital Element in the Regeneration and Progress of a Race (1886) " 1152 VICTORIA EARLE MATTHEWS (I861-1907) "The Awakening of the Afro-American Woman " 1171 GEORGIA DOUGLAS JOHNSON (1877-1966) "The Heart of a Woman " 1177 "My Little Dreams" 1178 "Free" 1178 GWENDOLYN BROOKS (1917-2000) from Maud Martha 1183 JUNE JORDAN (1936-2002) "A Song of Sojourner Truth " 1191 "Where Is the Love?" 1193