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The Effects of School Culture and Workplace Bullying On THE EFFECTS OF SCHOOL CULTURE AND WORKPLACE BULLYING ON EDUCATOR JOB SATISFACTION By Robin Hubnik Hickerson DISSERTATION Presented to the faculty of the Education Leadership Program College of Arts, Sciences, and Education Texas A&M University - Texarkana In Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Education December 2019 Copyright © 2019 Robin Hubnik Hickerson ii Abstract In an age When educational institutions are faced With high rates of teacher turnover and challenges associated With attracting and retaining the best and brightest educators available to public schools, job satisfaction is an issue of critical importance that has moved to the forefront in society. Teachers and administrators from nine participating schools took part in randomly assigned surveys measuring either the impact of school culture on educator behavior or the predictability of job satisfaction based on educator behaviors and school culture. Findings revealed that school culture did not have a significant impact on educator behavior; however, educator behavior and school culture Were found to be predictors of job satisfaction. These findings suggest the need for more research regarding the link betWeen school culture and educator behavior should continue. The correlation betWeen bullying coupled With school culture and job satisfaction should be researched further to determine the consistency of the correlation over time. Results from the study Were collected to assist school district leaders to create and support collaborative cultures, administer policies to protect targets against Workplace bullying, and retain exemplary staff members. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 Background of the Problem ............................................................................................. 2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................. 3 Importance of the Study ................................................................................................... 4 Theoretical FrameWork .................................................................................................... 5 Social exchange theory ................................................................................................. 5 Collective behavior theory ........................................................................................... 7 Research Questions ........................................................................................................ 11 OvervieW of Methodology ............................................................................................. 11 Definition of Terms ........................................................................................................ 12 Limitations and Delimitations ........................................................................................ 13 Assumptions ................................................................................................................... 14 Organization of the Study .............................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................................... 15 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ................................................................................... 15 The Nature of the Bully ................................................................................................. 16 The History and Process of Workplace Bullying .......................................................... 20 Types of Bullies ............................................................................................................. 23 Workplace Bullying Behaviors ...................................................................................... 24 The role of professional jealousy in bullying ............................................................. 27 The role of fear in bullying ........................................................................................ 29 Impact of Bullying on the Workplace ............................................................................ 30 Employers’ Reactions to Workplace Bullying ........................................................... 32 Bullying at work: How to confront and overcome it. ................................................ 34 Collective Behavior Theory ........................................................................................... 35 School Culture and Bullying .......................................................................................... 38 Collaborative School Culture ......................................................................................... 41 The role of leaders in establishing culture ................................................................. 43 iv Social Exchange Theory ................................................................................................ 47 Job Satisfaction .............................................................................................................. 48 Maslow and job satisfaction ....................................................................................... 50 Job satisfaction studies. .............................................................................................. 51 Case studies in bullying. ............................................................................................. 51 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 54 CHAPTER 3 ...................................................................................................................... 56 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 56 Participants ..................................................................................................................... 56 Instrumentation .............................................................................................................. 57 Study #1: School Culture and Behavior. .................................................................... 57 Study #2: School Culture, Behavior, and Job Satisfaction. ....................................... 60 Procedure and Analyses ................................................................................................. 61 Institutional RevieW Board ............................................................................................ 63 CHAPTER 4 ...................................................................................................................... 64 RESEARCH FINDINGS ................................................................................................... 64 Data Collection, Preparation, and Analysis ................................................................... 64 Study #1. ..................................................................................................................... 65 Study #2. ..................................................................................................................... 65 Study Results ................................................................................................................. 66 Research Question 1. .................................................................................................. 66 Research Question 2 ................................................................................................... 67 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 71 CHAPTER 5 ...................................................................................................................... 72 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................... 72 Summary of Study Findings .......................................................................................... 72 Future Research ............................................................................................................. 74 Recommendation for Practice ........................................................................................ 75 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 77 Appendix A ........................................................................................................................ 87 Email to School Superintendents ................................................................................... 87 Appendix B ........................................................................................................................ 88 v Permission to Use Survey .............................................................................................
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