DOCSLIB.ORG

Toward Developing Models to Study the Disease, Ecology, and Evolution of the Eye in Mollusca Jeanne M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Toward Developing Models to Study the Disease, Ecology, and Evolution of the Eye in Mollusca Jeanne M Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Publications 2008 Toward Developing Models to Study the Disease, Ecology, and Evolution of the Eye in Mollusca Jeanne M. Serb Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/eeob_ag_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ eeob_ag_pubs/41. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Toward Developing Models to Study the Disease, Ecology, and Evolution of the Eye in Mollusca Abstract Several invertebrate systems have been developed to study various aspects of the eye and eye disease including Drosophila, Planaria, Platynereis, and most recently, the cubozoan jellyfish Tripedalia; however, molluscs, the second largest metazoan phylum, so far have been underrepresented in eye research. This is surprising as mollusc systems offer opportunities to study visual processes that may be altered by disease, vision physiology, development of the visual system, behavior, and evolution. Malacologists have labored for over a century as morphologists, systematists, physiologists, and ecologists in order to understand the structural and functional diversity in molluscs at all levels of biological organization. Yet, malacologists have had little opportunity to interact with researchers whose interests are restricted to the biology and development of eyes as model systems as they tend not to publish in the same journals or attend the same meetings. In an effort to highlight the advantages of molluscan eyes as a model system and encourage greater collaboration among researchers, I provide an overview of molluscan eye research from these two perspectives: eye researchers whose interests involve the development, physiology, and disease of the eye and malacologists who study the complete organism in its natural environment. I discuss the developmental and genetic information available for molluscan eyes and the need to place this work in an evolutionary perspective. Finally, I discuss how synergy between these two groups will advance eye research, broaden research in both fields, and aid in developing new molluscan models for eye research. Keywords retina, photoreceptor, opsin, Pax6 Disciplines Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Marine Biology Comments This article is from American Malacological Bulletin 26 (2008): 3, doi:10.4003/006.026.0202. Posted with permission. This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/eeob_ag_pubs/41 Toward Developing Models to Study the Disease, Ecology, and Evolution of the Eye in Mollusca Author(s): Jeanne M. Serb Source: American Malacological Bulletin, 26(1/2):3-18. Published By: American Malacological Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4003/006.026.0202 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4003/006.026.0202 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Amer. Malac. Bull. 26: 3-18 (2008) Toward developing models to study the disease, ecology, and evolution of the eye in Mollusca* Jeanne M. Serb Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, U.S.A., [email protected] Abstract: Several invertebrate systems have been developed to study various aspects of the eye and eye disease including Drosophila, Planaria, Platynereis, and most recently, the cubozoan jellyfish Tripedalia; however, molluscs, the second largest metazoan phylum, so far have been underrepresented in eye research. This is surprising as mollusc systems offer opportunities to study visual processes that may be altered by disease, vision physiology, development of the visual system, behavior, and evolution. Malacologists have labored for over a century as morphologists, systematists, physiologists, and ecologists in order to understand the structural and functional diversity in molluscs at all levels of biological organization. Yet, malacologists have had little opportunity to interact with researchers whose interests are restricted to the biology and development of eyes as model systems as they tend not to publish in the same journals or attend the same meetings. In an effort to highlight the advantages of molluscan eyes as a model system and encourage greater collaboration among researchers, I provide an overview of molluscan eye research from these two perspectives: eye researchers whose interests involve the development, physiology, and disease of the eye and malacologists who study the complete organism in its natural environment. I discuss the developmental and genetic information available for molluscan eyes and the need to place this work in an evolutionary perspective. Finally, I discuss how synergy between these two groups will advance eye research, broaden research in both fields, and aid in developing new molluscan models for eye research. Key words: retina, photoreceptor, opsin, Pax6 Traditional model systems to study eyes dition to exploring cellular biology, researchers have There is a great diversity of metazoans, but research on determined the molecular basis of eye specification by ge- developmental processes has largely focused on a small netically dissecting the fly eye to understand how it works. number of “representative” species. The traditional “big six” We have discovered how a group of multipotent cells (stem model organisms used in developmental biology are the cells) can be converted to eye primordia during eye organo- roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fly Drosophila mel- genesis and have identified the set of nuclear genes that anogaster, the zebrafish Danio rerio, the African clawed frog regulate retinal specification. Understanding these genetic Xenopus laevis, the chicken Gallus gallus, and the mouse Mus mechanisms involved in eye formation gives researchers cru- musculus. These species were developed as model organisms cial information on the origin of eye disease—which is when because they are amenable to experimental and/or genetic the genetic program goes wrong. manipulation and possess life history characteristics suitable for life in the laboratory, i.e., they are easy to obtain, breed The Pax6 paradigm readily, and are fecund. Research focused on these six model Comparative work with the Drosophila eye and verte- animals has resulted in large-scale genome sequencing ef- brate eye indicates that all eyes may share a similar devel- forts, and complete or near complete inventories of genes opmental pathway in eye formation (Fig. 1). This has been and high-resolution genome maps are now available for all referred to as the eyeless/Pax6 paradigm (Donner and Maas six species (Waterson et al. 2002). 2004), which states that a single homologous genetic net- Of the two traditional invertebrate models, Caenorhab- work regulates eye formation, regardless of eye type, across ditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, only Drosophila all metazoans, and the Pax6 gene or its homologs are part of possesses eyes. The Drosophila compound eye has been an this regulatory gene network (Fig. 1A). There are three lines outstanding model system to study many general develop- of evidence for this conclusion. First, the gene eyeless (ey)in mental processes including cell fate specification, cell divi- Drosophila is homologous to the genes Small eye of mice and sion, growth, and death (Pappu and Mardon 2004). In ad- Aniridia of humans (Quiring et al. 1994). These two verte- * From the symposium “Molluscan models: Advancing our understanding of the eye” presented at the World Congress of Malacology, held from 15 to 20 July 2007 in Antwerp, Belgium. Co-sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the American Malacological Society. 3 4 AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN 26 • 1/2 • 2008 general evolutionary processes. Further, studying the eyes in multiple species expands our understanding of variation among eye types, how similar visual tasks many be per- formed under different conditions, how permutations at the structural level affect performance, and how gene and gene pathways evolve to create new phenotypes and subsequently,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CEPHALOPODS 688 Cephalopods
    click for previous page CEPHALOPODS 688 Cephalopods Introduction and GeneralINTRODUCTION Remarks AND GENERAL REMARKS by M.C. Dunning, M.D. Norman, and A.L. Reid iving cephalopods include nautiluses, bobtail and bottle squids, pygmy cuttlefishes, cuttlefishes, Lsquids, and octopuses. While they may not be as diverse a group as other molluscs or as the bony fishes in terms of number of species (about 600 cephalopod species described worldwide), they are very abundant and some reach large sizes. Hence they are of considerable ecological and commercial fisheries importance globally and in the Western Central Pacific. Remarks on MajorREMARKS Groups of CommercialON MAJOR Importance GROUPS OF COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE Nautiluses (Family Nautilidae) Nautiluses are the only living cephalopods with an external shell throughout their life cycle. This shell is divided into chambers by a large number of septae and provides buoyancy to the animal. The animal is housed in the newest chamber. A muscular hood on the dorsal side helps close the aperture when the animal is withdrawn into the shell. Nautiluses have primitive eyes filled with seawater and without lenses. They have arms that are whip-like tentacles arranged in a double crown surrounding the mouth. Although they have no suckers on these arms, mucus associated with them is adherent. Nautiluses are restricted to deeper continental shelf and slope waters of the Indo-West Pacific and are caught by artisanal fishers using baited traps set on the bottom. The flesh is used for food and the shell for the souvenir trade. Specimens are also caught for live export for use in home aquaria and for research purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Central Pacific
    FAOSPECIESIDENTIFICATIONGUIDEFOR FISHERYPURPOSES ISSN1020-6868 THELIVINGMARINERESOURCES OF THE WESTERNCENTRAL PACIFIC Volume2.Cephalopods,crustaceans,holothuriansandsharks FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE FOR FISHERY PURPOSES THE LIVING MARINE RESOURCES OF THE WESTERN CENTRAL PACIFIC VOLUME 2 Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks edited by Kent E. Carpenter Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk, Virginia, USA and Volker H. Niem Marine Resources Service Species Identification and Data Programme FAO Fisheries Department with the support of the South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) and the Norwegian Agency for International Development (NORAD) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1998 ii The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. M-40 ISBN 92-5-104051-6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permissions, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAO 1998 iii Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothuri- ans and sharks. Rome, FAO. 1998. 687-1396 p.
    [Show full text]
  • On Four Newly Known Species of Octopoda from Japan*
    J. Fac. Fish. Anim. Husb. Hiroshima Univ. (1963), 5 (1): 57-93 On Four Newly Known Species of Octopoda from Japan* Iwao TAKI Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Hiroshima University, Fukuyama, Japan (Plates 1-5; Text-figures 1-28) CONTENTS Description of Idioctopus gracilipes T AKI .......................................... 57 II Redescription of Berrya hoylei (BERRY) .......................................... 68 III Description of Opisthoteuthis japonica T AKI ....................................... 74 IV Redescription of Opisthoteuthis californiana BERRY ........................... 78 In recent years in my taxonomic study of the Japanese Cephalopoda, I could get a number of Octopod specimens in which two new species, including a new family and a new genus, and two newly recorded species, were found. A brief paper was read in October 1962 at the general meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan held at Okayama (abstract, T AKI 1962), and in the present paper these species are reported in detail with illustration. I wish to express my gratitude to Messrs. Shinma NAKAYAMA (Kochi City) and Satoshi HIRANO (Choshi City) who kindly placed valuable specimens at my disposal, and to Prof. Dr. Huzio UTINOMI and Assist. Prof. Dr. Takashi ToKIOKA (Seto Marine Biological Laboratory of the Kyoto University, at Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture) for the loan of specimens preserved in the Laboratory, and also to Dr. S. Stillman BERRY, Redlands, California, and Dr. W. ADAM, Bruxelles, both of whom kindly assisted me by sending
    [Show full text]
  • Genus-Level Phylogeny of Cephalopods Using Molecular Markers: Current Status and Problematic Areas
    Genus-level phylogeny of cephalopods using molecular markers: current status and problematic areas Gustavo Sanchez1,2, Davin H.E. Setiamarga3,4, Surangkana Tuanapaya5, Kittichai Tongtherm5, Inger E. Winkelmann6, Hannah Schmidbaur7, Tetsuya Umino1, Caroline Albertin8, Louise Allcock9, Catalina Perales-Raya10, Ian Gleadall11, Jan M. Strugnell12, Oleg Simakov2,7 and Jaruwat Nabhitabhata13 1 Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan 2 Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 3 Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology—Wakayama College, Gobo City, Wakayama, Japan 4 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 5 Department of Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand 6 Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 7 Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 8 Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America 9 Department of Zoology, Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 10 Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 11 Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Tohoku, Japan 12 Marine Biology & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia 13 Excellence
    [Show full text]
  • Cephalopods Collected by the Submersibles and Rovs of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology
    JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 10, March 2010, 23_32 ― Review ― Cephalopods Collected by the Submersibles and ROVs of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology － Annotated Catalogue up to 2008 － Takashi Okutani1* and Dhugal Lindsay1 The crewed submersibles and ROVs of JAMSTEC have obtained many images of nektonic cephalopods, but they only rarely catch voucher specimens of such fast-moving animals. An inventory of JAMSTEC' s cephalopod specimens collected by those vehicles yielded nineteen species including some noteworthy species. Keywords: Cephalopoda, JAMSTEC, submersibles, ROVs, deep-sea species Received 21 October 2009 ; Accepted 25 December 2009 1 Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) *Corresponding author: Takashi Okutani Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan Tel. +81-46-867-9551 [email protected] Copyright by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 23 Cephalopod Catalogue in JAMSTEC Collection 1. Introduction 3. Annotated Catalogue Through the activities of crewed submersibles (Shinaki- 3.1. Order SEPIIDA 2000 and Shinkai-6500) and remotely operated vehicles Sepia sp. [Sepiidae] (ROVs) of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Material examined: JAMSTEC-054312. DML 4.6 mm, Hyper- Technology (JAMSTEC), a considerable number of Dolphin Dive 254 (November 24, 2003), 31°39.7′N, cephalopod images have been accumulated (see Fujikura et al., 130°46.4′E, 204 m, Kagoshima Bay. 2008). However, because of the difficulty of capturing such Remarks: For fear of destroying the sole specimen, the swift-moving animals using submarine vehicles, voucher cuttlebone, which had been softened by the fixative, was not specimens for those video and still images have not always examined.
    [Show full text]
  • Genus-Level Phylogeny of Cephalopods Using Molecular Markers: Current Status and Problematic Areas
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ResearchOnline at James Cook University Genus-level phylogeny of cephalopods using molecular markers: current status and problematic areas Gustavo Sanchez1,2, Davin H.E. Setiamarga3,4, Surangkana Tuanapaya5, Kittichai Tongtherm5, Inger E. Winkelmann6, Hannah Schmidbaur7, Tetsuya Umino1, Caroline Albertin8, Louise Allcock9, Catalina Perales-Raya10, Ian Gleadall11, Jan M. Strugnell12, Oleg Simakov2,7 and Jaruwat Nabhitabhata13 1 Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan 2 Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 3 Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology—Wakayama College, Gobo City, Wakayama, Japan 4 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 5 Department of Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand 6 Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 7 Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 8 Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America 9 Department of Zoology, Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 10 Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 11 Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Tohoku, Japan 12 Marine Biology & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia 13 Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand ABSTRACT Comprising more than 800 extant species, the class Cephalopoda (octopuses, squid, Submitted 19 June 2017 cuttlefish, and nautiluses) is a fascinating group of marine conchiferan mollusks.
    [Show full text]
  • Tonga SUMA Report
    BIOPHYSICALLY SPECIAL, UNIQUE MARINE AREAS OF TONGA EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT Marine and coastal ecosystems of the Pacific Ocean provide benefits for all people in and beyond the region. To better understand and improve the effective management of these values on the ground, Pacific Island Countries are increasingly building institutional and personal capacities for Blue Planning. But there is no need to reinvent the wheel, when learning from experiences of centuries of traditional management in Pacific Island Countries. Coupled with scientific approaches these experiences can strengthen effective management of the region’s rich natural capital, if lessons learnt are shared. The MACBIO project collaborates with national and regional stakeholders towards documenting effective approaches to sustainable marine resource management and conservation. The project encourages and supports stakeholders to share tried and tested concepts and instruments more widely throughout partner countries and the Oceania region. This report outlines the process undertaken to define and describe the special, unique marine areas of Tonga. These special, unique marine areas provide an important input to decisions about, for example, permits, licences, EIAs and where to place different types of marine protected areas, locally managed marine areas and Community Conservation Areas in Tonga. For a copy of all reports and communication material please visit www.macbio-pacific.info. MARINE ECOSYSTEM MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT SERVICE VALUATION BIOPHYSICALLY SPECIAL, UNIQUE MARINE AREAS OF TONGA AUTHORS: Ceccarelli DM1, Wendt H2, Matoto AL3, Fonua E3, Fernandes L2 SUGGESTED CITATION: Ceccarelli DM, Wendt H, Matoto AL, Fonua E and Fernandes L (2017) Biophysically special, unique marine areas of Tonga. MACBIO (GIZ, IUCN, SPREP), Suva.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Cephalopoda Primary Types
    Ver. 2 March 2017 RECENT CEPHALOPOD PRIMARY TYPE SPECIMENS: A SEARCHING TOOL Compiled by Michael J. Sweeney Introduction. This document was first initiated for my personal use as a means to easily find data associated with the ever growing number of Recent cephalopod primary types. (Secondary types (paratypes, etc) are not included due to the large number of specimens involved.) With the excellent resources of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and the help of many colleagues, it grew in size and became a resource to share with others. Along the way, several papers were published that addressed some of the problems that were impeding research in cephalopod taxonomy. A common theme in each paper was the need to locate and examine types when publishing taxonomic descriptions; see Voss (1977:575), Okutani (2005:46), Norman and Hochberg (2005b:147). These publications gave me the impetus to revive the project and make it readily available. I would like to thank the many individuals who assisted me with their time and knowledge, especially Clyde Roper, Mike Vecchione, Eric Hochberg and Mandy Reid. Purpose. This document should be used as an aid for finding the location of types, type names, data, and their publication citation. It is not to be used as an authority in itself or to be cited as such. The lists below will change over time as more research is published and ambiguous names are resolved. It is only a search aid and data from this document should be independently verified prior to publication. My hope is that this document will make research easier and faster for the user.
    [Show full text]
  • 5.4. Cephalopods in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem
    Cephalopods in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem Item Type Report Section Authors Rocha, Francisco; Cheikh, Inejih Publisher IOC-UNESCO Download date 28/09/2021 07:33:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/9192 5.4. Cephalopods in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem For bibliographic purposes, this article should be cited as: Rocha, F. and Cheikh, I. 2015. Cephalopods in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem. In: Oceanographic and biological features in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Valdés, L. and Déniz‐González, I. (eds). IOC‐ UNESCO, Paris. IOC Technical Series, No. 115, pp. 245‐255. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/9192. The publication should be cited as follows: Valdés, L. and Déniz‐González, I. (eds). 2015. Oceanographic and biological features in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem. IOC‐UNESCO, Paris. IOC Technical Series, No. 115: 383 pp. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/9135. The report Oceanographic and biological features in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem and its separate parts are available on‐line at: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/ioc/ts115. The bibliography of the entire publication is listed in alphabetical order on pages 351‐379. The bibliography cited in this particular article was extracted from the full bibliography and is listed in alphabetical order at the end of this offprint, in unnumbered pages. ABSTRACT This work presents a brief review of cephalopod fauna found in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem waters in terms of biodiversity, ecology and fisheries. This large marine ecosystem presents 139 cephalopod species, including high commercial value groups (Ommastrephids, Loliginids, Octopods and Sepiids), corresponding to a transitional zone between different Atlantic zoogeographic provinces where tropical, temperate and cold water cephalopod species mix.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology, Functional Role and Evolution
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285808121 The shell in Vampyropoda (Cephalopoda): Morphology, functional role and evolution Article · January 2004 CITATIONS READS 65 2,638 1 author: Viacheslav Bizikov Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography 30 PUBLICATIONS 406 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Viacheslav Bizikov on 01 July 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии (ВНИРО) В. А. Бизиков РАКОВИНА VAMPYROPODA (CEPHALOPODA): морфология, функциональная роль и эволюция Ruthenica, Supplement 3 Moscow • December, 2004 CONTENTS Introduction 3 Material and methods 5 Results 8 Vampyroteuthis infernalis 8 Opisthoteuthis californiana 14 Grimpoteuthis umbellata 20 Cirroteuthis muelleri 24 Enteroctopus dofleini 29 Benthoctopus sibiricus 35 Bathypolypus salebrosus .....40 Eledone messyae 43 Alloposus mollis 46 Ocythoe tuberculata 54 Argonauta nodosa 58 Japetella diaphana 62 Amphitretus pelagicus 64 Discussssion 67 Variation of the shell structure and shell-soft body relationship in Vampyropoda 67 Homologies of the shell among Vampyropoda 74 The process of shell transformation 74 Paleontological evidences 77 Evolution of the shell in Vampyropoda 80 References 84 Editor of the volume: A. V. Sysoev Zoological museum of Moscow State University Camera-ready copy: Yu. I. Kantor, A.N.Severtzov Institute of Ecology & Evolution, Russian Ac. Sci. © V. A. Bizikov, 2004 © Ruthenica, 2004, design The shell in Vampyropoda (Cephalopoda): morphology, functional role and evolution Vyacheslav A. BIZIKOV All-Russian Research Institute of Fishery and Oceanography (VNIRO), V.-Krasnoselskaya str., 17, Moscow, 107140, RUSSIA; E-mail: [email protected] The shell ofmollusks is the part that determines the whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Eyes.Pdf
    Animal Eyes Oxford Animal Biology Series Titles E n e r g y f o r A n i m a l L i f e R. McNeill Alexander A n i m a l E y e s M. F. Land, D-E. Nilsson A n i m a l L o c o m o t i o n A n d r e w A . B i e w e n e r A n i m a l A r c h i t e c t u r e Mike Hansell A n i m a l O s m o r e g u l a t i o n Timothy J. Bradley A n i m a l E y e s , S e c o n d E d i t i o n M. F. Land, D-E. Nilsson The Oxford Animal Biology Series publishes attractive supplementary text- books in comparative animal biology for students and professional research- ers in the biological sciences, adopting a lively, integrated approach. The series has two distinguishing features: first, book topics address common themes that transcend taxonomy, and are illustrated with examples from throughout the animal kingdom; and second, chapter contents are chosen to match existing and proposed courses and syllabuses, carefully taking into account the depth of coverage required. Further reading sections, consisting mainly of review articles and books, guide the reader into the more detailed research literature. The Series is international in scope, both in terms of the species used as examples and in the references to scientific work.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeny of Fossil and Living Neocoleoid Cephalopods
    A PHYLOGENY OF FOSSIL AND LIVING NEOCOLEOID CEPHALOPODS Mark Sutton1, Catalina Perales-Raya2 and Isabel Gilbert3 1 Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 2 Instituto Español de Oceanografía (Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias). Vía Espaldón, Dársena Pesquera PCL 8, 38180, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 3 36 Twisden Road, London, NW5 1DN, UK. 1 Abstract Coleoid cephalopod phylogeny is well studied via both molecular and morphological data, yet while some agreement has been reached (e.g. that extant Decapodiformes and Octopoda are monophyletic) many details remain poorly resolved. Fossil coleoids, for which much data exists, have hitherto not been incorporated into analyses. Their inclusion is highly desirable both for the support of neontological phylogenies, to better reconstruct character-state histories, and to investigate the placement of the fossil groups themselves. In this study we present and analyse a morphological data matrix including both extinct and extant taxa. Homology assumptions in our data are discussed. Our results are presented both with and without the constraint of a monophyletic Decapodiformes imposed. When analysed with this constraint our results are strikingly congruent with those from molecular phylogeny, for instance placing Idiosepius in a basal position within Decapodiformes, and recovering Oegopsida and Bathyteuthoidea (though as grades). Our results support an Octopodiformes clade (‘vampire squid’ Vampyroteuthis as sister to Octopoda) and an octopodiform interpretation
    [Show full text]