Here/Upper Atmosphere 1 [1‐8‐3]

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Here/Upper Atmosphere 1 [1‐8‐3] Living Planet Symposium – Programme Guide Table of Contents General Symposium Information ............................................................................................................ ix Introduction ................................................................................................................................. ix Registration ................................................................................................................................. ix Information for Speakers ............................................................................................................. ix Information for Poster Sessions .................................................................................................... x Poster Refreshment ...................................................................................................................... x Sponsors ....................................................................................................................................... x Exhibitors ..................................................................................................................................... xii Tutorials ...................................................................................................................................... xiii School Laboratory ....................................................................................................................... xiii Breaks ......................................................................................................................................... xiii Social Events ............................................................................................................................... xiii Excursions ................................................................................................................................... xiii Edinburgh Area Map ............................................................................................................................. xiv Local Area Map ...................................................................................................................................... xv Programme Overview ........................................................................................................................... xvi Symposium Floor Plans ....................................................................................................................... xviii Oral Session Identifiers ............................................................................................................... xxi Poster Session Identifiers ............................................................................................................ xxi 9 September ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Opening Plenary Session [1‐9‐2] ................................................................................................... 3 GOCE: highlights and overview [1‐1‐3] ......................................................................................... 3 GOCE: novel applications [1‐1‐4] .................................................................................................. 3 S. Laxon and K. Giles: a celebration of their scientific achievements and legacies [1‐2‐3] ............ 4 Altimetry: Calibration and Validation Results [1‐2‐4].................................................................... 5 Ocean Colour 1 [1‐3‐3] .................................................................................................................. 5 Ocean Colour 2 [1‐3‐4] .................................................................................................................. 6 REDD 1 [1‐4‐3] .............................................................................................................................. 6 REDD 2 [1‐4‐4] .............................................................................................................................. 7 EnMap [1‐5‐3] ............................................................................................................................... 8 International Cooperation [1‐5‐4] ................................................................................................. 8 Hazards: General [1‐6‐3] ............................................................................................................... 9 Hazards: Tectonics 1 [1‐6‐4] ......................................................................................................... 9 i Living Planet Symposium – Programme Guide International Development 1 [1‐7‐3] .......................................................................................... 10 International Development 2 [1‐7‐4] .......................................................................................... 10 Stratosphere/Upper Atmosphere 1 [1‐8‐3] ................................................................................ 11 Stratosphere/Upper Atmosphere 2 [1‐8‐4] ................................................................................ 11 Copernicus Overview [1‐9‐3] ...................................................................................................... 12 Copernicus Core Services (Programmatic Overview) [1‐9‐4] ...................................................... 13 10 September ......................................................................................................................................... 14 GOCE: Oceanography [2‐1‐1] ...................................................................................................... 16 GOCE: Geodesy [2‐1‐2] ............................................................................................................... 16 GOCE: Solid Earth (1) [2‐1‐3] ....................................................................................................... 17 GOCE: Solid Earth (2) [2‐1‐4] ....................................................................................................... 17 Altimetry: Ocean Waves and Wind [2‐2‐1] ................................................................................. 18 Jason CS [2‐2‐2] .......................................................................................................................... 18 Altimetry: Coastal Zones 1 [2‐2‐3] .............................................................................................. 19 Altimetry: Coastal Zones 2 [2‐2‐4] .............................................................................................. 19 Data Visualization in space based Earth observation [2‐3‐1] ...................................................... 20 Water Quality [2‐3‐2] .................................................................................................................. 20 Ocean Colour 3 [2‐3‐3] ................................................................................................................ 21 Ocean Colour 4 [2‐3‐4] ................................................................................................................ 21 Forestry and Biomass 1 [2‐4‐1] ................................................................................................... 22 Forestry and Biomass 2 [2‐4‐2] ................................................................................................... 23 ESA's Biomass Mission [2‐4‐3] .................................................................................................... 23 SAR Methods 1 [2‐4‐4] ................................................................................................................ 24 Methods and Products OPT/IR [2‐5‐1] ........................................................................................ 24 Land Surface Temperature and Fires [2‐5‐2] .............................................................................. 25 Climate optical 1 [2‐5‐3] ............................................................................................................. 25 Climate optical 2 [2‐5‐4] ............................................................................................................. 26 Hazards: Tectonics 2 [2‐6‐1] ....................................................................................................... 26 Hazards: Volcanoes 1 [2‐6‐2] ...................................................................................................... 27 Hazards: Volcanoes 2 [2‐6‐3] ...................................................................................................... 28 Hazards: Subsidence and Landslides 1 [2‐6‐4] ............................................................................ 28 CCI: Societal Benefit, Impact on Society [2‐7‐1] .......................................................................... 29 CCI: ECV Requirements [2‐7‐2] ................................................................................................... 29 CCI: Architecture for Climate Monitoring [2‐7‐3] ........................................................................ 30 ii Living Planet Symposium – Programme Guide CCI: Climate Services [2‐7‐4] ....................................................................................................... 31 The new Scientific Challenges for ESA’s Living Planet Programme ............................................. 31 Stratosphere/Upper Atmosphere
Recommended publications
  • Homeland, Identity and Wellbeing Amongst the Beni-Amer in Eritrea-Sudan and Diasporas
    IM/MOBILITY: HOMELAND, IDENTITY AND WELLBEING AMONGST THE BENI-AMER IN ERITREA-SUDAN AND DIASPORAS Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester Saeid Hmmed BSc MSc (OU) Department of Geography University of Leicester September 2017 i Abstract This thesis focuses on how mobility, identity, conceptions of homeland and wellbeing have been transformed across time and space amongst the Beni-Amer. Beni-Amer pastoralist societies inhabit western Eritrea and eastern Sudan; their livelihoods are intimately connected to livestock. Their cultural identities, norms and values, and their indigenous knowledge, have revolved around pastoralism. Since the 1950s the Beni-Amer have undergone rapid and profound socio-political and geographic change. In the 1950s the tribe left most of their ancestral homeland and migrated to Sudan; many now live in diasporas in Western and Middle Eastern countries. Their mobility, and conceptions of homeland, identity and wellbeing are complex, mutually constitutive and cannot be easily untangled. The presence or absence, alteration or limitation of one of these concepts affects the others. Qualitatively designed and thematically analysed, this study focuses on the multiple temporalities and spatialities of Beni-Amer societies. The study subjected pastoral mobility to scrutiny beyond its contemporary theoretical and conceptual framework. It argues that pastoral mobility is currently understood primarily via its role as a survival system; as a strategy to exploit transient concentration of pasture and water across rangelands. The study stresses that such perspectives have contributed to the conceptualization of pastoral mobility as merely physical movement, a binary contrast to settlement; pastoral societies are therefore seen as either sedentary or mobile.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Earthquake Magnitude Scale and B-Value for the Danakil Region of Northern Afar by Finnigan Illsley-Kemp, Derek Keir,* Jonathan M
    Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 521–531, April 2017, doi: 10.1785/0120150253 Ⓔ Local Earthquake Magnitude Scale and b-Value for the Danakil Region of Northern Afar by Finnigan Illsley-Kemp, Derek Keir,* Jonathan M. Bull, Atalay Ayele, James O. S. Hammond, J.-Michael Kendall, Ryan J. Gallacher, Thomas Gernon, and Berhe Goitom Abstract The Danakil region of northern Afar is an area of ongoing seismic and volcanic activity caused by the final stages of continental breakup. To improve the quantification of seismicity, we developed a calibrated local earthquake magnitude scale. The accurate calculation of earthquake magnitudes allows the estimation of b-values and maximum magnitudes, both of which are essential for seismic-hazard analysis. Earthquake data collected between February 2011 and February 2013 on 11 three-component broadband seismometers were analyzed. A total of 4275 earthquakes were recorded over hypocentral distances ranging from 0 to 400 km. A total of 32,904 zero-to-peak amplitude measurements (A) were measured on the seismometer’s horizontal components and were incorporated into a direct linear inversion that M solved for all individual local earthquake magnitudes ( L), 22 station correction fac- C n K M A− tors ( ), and 2 distance-dependent factors ( , ) in the equation L log log A0C. The resultant distance correction term is given by − log A0 1:274336 log r=17 − 0:000273 r − 172. This distance correction term suggests that attenuation in the upper and mid-crust of northern Afar is relatively high, con- sistent with the presence of magmatic intrusions and partial melt.
    [Show full text]
  • Mantle Upwelling and Initiation of Rift Segmentation Beneath the Afar Depression
    Mantle upwelling and initiation of rift segmentation beneath the Afar Depression J.O.S. Hammond1,2, J.-M. Kendall2, G.W. Stuart3, C.J. Ebinger4, I.D. Bastow1, D. Keir5, A. Ayele6, M. Belachew4,6, B. Goitom7, G. Ogubazghi7,8, and T.J. Wright3 1Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK 2School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1RJ Bristol, UK 3School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK 4Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14611, USA 5National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 3ZH, UK 6Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 7Department of Earth Sciences, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Asmara, Eritrea 8Department of Physics, University of Botswana, Gabrone, Botswana ABSTRACT inversions with lateral resolution of ~50 km. For the fi rst time we can The Afar Depression, at the northern end of the East African address how upwelling material interacts with the shallow mantle beneath Rift, is the only place on land where the transition from a plume- Afar, and how melt production in the mantle supplies the incipient spread- induced continental breakup to seafl oor spreading is active today. ing center segments at the surface. New images of seismic velocity structure, based on exceptional new data sets, show that the mantle plume that initiated rifting in Africa RELATIVE TRAVELTIME TOMOGRAPHY is absent beneath Afar today. The images are dominated by a major We use data from 244 seismic stations across Ethiopia, Eritrea, Dji- low-velocity feature at ~75 km depth closely mimicking the abrupt bouti, Yemen, and Kenya (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Variety of Satellite Remote Sensing Data Over Volcanoes Can Assist Hazard Monitoring Efforts: the 2011 Eruption of Nabro Volcano T
    Remote Sensing of Environment 236 (2020) 111426 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Remote Sensing of Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rse How the variety of satellite remote sensing data over volcanoes can assist hazard monitoring efforts: The 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano T ∗ Gaetana Ganci , Annalisa Cappello, Giuseppe Bilotta, Ciro Del Negro Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Osservatorio Etneo, Catania, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Satellite remote sensing is becoming an increasingly essential component of volcano monitoring, especially at Lav@Hazard little-known and remote volcanoes where in-situ measurements are unavailable and/or impractical. Moreover HOTSAT the synoptic view captured by satellite imagery over volcanoes can benefit hazard monitoring efforts. By MAGFLOW monitoring, we mean both following the changing styles and intensities of the eruption once it has started, as Satellite remote sensing well as nowcasting and eventually forecasting the areas potentially threatened by hazardous phenomena in an Numerical modelling eruptive scenario. Here we demonstrate how the diversity of remote sensing data over volcanoes and the mutual interconnection between satellite observations and numerical simulations can improve lava flow hazard mon- itoring in response to effusive eruption. Time-averaged discharge rates (TADRs) obtained from low spatial/high temporal resolution satellite data (e.g. MODIS, SEVIRI) are complemented, compared and fine-tuned with de- tailed maps of volcanic deposits with the aim of constraining the conversion from satellite-derived radiant heat flux to TADR. Maps of volcanic deposits include the time-varying evolution of lava flow emplacement derived from multispectral satellite data (e.g. EO-ALI, Landsat, Sentinel-2, ASTER), as well as the flow thickness var- iations, retrieved from the topographic monitoring by using stereo or tri-stereo optical data (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • An Online Service for Near Real-Time Satellite Monitoring of Volcanic Plumes
    Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Open Access Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 1, 5935–6000, 2013 Natural Hazards www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/1/5935/2013/ and Earth System doi:10.5194/nhessd-1-5935-2013 © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Sciences Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in NHESS if available. Support to Aviation Control Service (SACS): an online service for near real-time satellite monitoring of volcanic plumes H. Brenot1, N. Theys1, L. Clarisse2, J. van Geffen3, J. van Gent1, M. Van Roozendael1, R. van der A3, D. Hurtmans2, P.-F. Coheur2, C. Clerbaux2,4, P. Valks5, P. Hedelt5, F. Prata6, O. Rasson1, K. Sievers7, and C. Zehner8 1Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aeronomie – Institut d’Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium 2Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium 3Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands 4UPMC Univ. Paris 6; Université de Versailles St.-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France 5Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany 6Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Kjeller, Norway 7German ALPA, Frankfurt, Germany 5935 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | 8European Space Agency (ESA-ESRIN), Frascati, Italy Received: 23 August 2013 – Accepted: 9 October 2013 – Published: 31 October 2013 Correspondence to: H. Brenot ([email protected]) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopian Rift Landslides Formed in Contrasting Geological 2 Settings and Climatic Conditions 3 4 Karel Martínek*1, 2, Kryštof Verner2, 3, Tomáš Hroch2, Leta A
    https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-420 Preprint. Discussion started: 18 January 2021 c Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Main Ethiopian Rift landslides formed in contrasting geological 2 settings and climatic conditions 3 4 Karel Martínek*1, 2, Kryštof Verner2, 3, Tomáš Hroch2, Leta A. Megerssa3, 2, Veronika 5 Kopačková2, David Buriánek2, Ameha Muluneh4, Radka Kalinová3, Miheret Yakob5, Muluken 6 Kassa4 7 *corresponding author 8 1 Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 9 Prague, 12843, Czech Republic ([email protected]) 10 2 Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic 11 3 Institute of Petrology and Structural Geology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague, 12843, 12 Czech Republic 13 4 School of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Arat Kilo, 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 14 5 Geological Survey of Ethiopia, CMC road, Bole Keb.10/Wor.6, POBox: 2302, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 15 16 Abstract. The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), where active continental rifting creates specific conditions for landslide 17 formation, provides a prospective area to study the influence of tectonics, lithology, geomorphology, and climate on 18 landslide formation. New structural and morphotectonic data from CMER and SMER support a model of 19 progressive change in the regional extension from NW – SE to the recent E(ENE) – W(WSW) direction driven by 20 the African and Somalian plates moving apart with the presumed contribution of the NNE(NE) – SSW(SW) 21 extension controlled by the Arabic Plate. The formation and polyphase reactivation of faults in the changing regional 22 stress-field significantly increase the rocks’ tectonic anisotropy and the risk of slope instabilities forming.
    [Show full text]
  • Dispersion of the Nabro Volcanic Plume and Its Relation to the Asian Summer Monsoon
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7045–7057, 2014 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/7045/2014/ doi:10.5194/acp-14-7045-2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Dispersion of the Nabro volcanic plume and its relation to the Asian summer monsoon T. D. Fairlie1, J.-P. Vernier2, M. Natarajan1, and K. M. Bedka2 1NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA 2Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA Correspondence to: T. D. Fairlie ([email protected]) Received: 30 August 2013 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 19 December 2013 Revised: 21 March 2014 – Accepted: 20 May 2014 – Published: 10 July 2014 Abstract. We use nighttime measurements from the Cloud viewed in the context of SW flux variability as measured by Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation CERES (Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System). (CALIPSO) satellite, together with a Lagrangian trajectory model, to study the initial dispersion of volcanic aerosol from the eruption of Mt. Nabro (Ethiopia/Eritrea) in June 2011. The Nabro eruption reached the upper troposphere and 1 Introduction lower stratosphere (UTLS) directly, and the plume was ini- tially entrained by the flow surrounding the Asian anticy- Injections of SO2 into the stratosphere from large volcanic clone, which prevails in the UTLS from the Mediterranean eruptions can lead to sulfate aerosols that persist for months– Sea to East Asia during boreal summer. CALIPSO detected years, with a significant impact on Earth’s radiative budget aerosol layers, with optical properties consistent with sul- (McCormick et al., 1995; Robock et al., 2000) and on chemi- fate, in the lower stratosphere above the monsoon convec- cal processes in the low stratosphere (Rodriguez et al., 1991; tive region in South and Southeast Asia within 10 days of the Solomon et al., 1993; Portman et al., 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Varet [email protected] Keywords: Afar, Danakil, Red Sea, Calderas, Fracture Zone, State Border, Peace
    Proceedings, 8th African Rift Geothermal Conference Nairobi, Kenya: 2 – 8 November 2020 Geothermal for Peace: Exploration and development of the large Bidu-Dubbi geothermal prospect along the border of Ethiopia (Bidu Woreda, Afar Regional State) and Eritrea (Southern Denkhalya subregion, Southern Red Sea Region). Jacques Varet [email protected] Keywords: Afar, Danakil, Red Sea, calderas, fracture zone, state border, peace ABSTRACT Bidu was for a long time known as the “Bidu Sultanate”, whose resistant Sultan Yassin Haysma was captured and killed by Mussolini’s army in 1931 at the age of 39. This traditional Afar region was divided between Ethiopia to the West and Eritrea to the East. It now forms the Bidu Woreda of the Afar Regional State in Ethiopia, and the Southern Denkhalya subregion of the southern Red Sea Region in Eritrea. This region is characterized geologically by an important volcanic system trending NE-SW, in a transverse direction with respect to the dominant “Red Sea” trend (NNW-SSE). The area is characterized by the presence of 3 large recent-quaternary strato-volcanoes with calderas with diameters ranging from 5 to 8 Km, with an extension NE in the large Dubbi lava field, and one smaller silicic cone SE. Nabro, the largest, is known for its recent volcanic eruptions (2011-2012). It is located in Eritrea as Dubbi, also historically active. Mallahle, and Sork’Ale volcano are located in Ethiopia and are characterized by fumarolic activity another older caldera is partly buried under more recent volcanic products SW of Mallahle. Dubbi is dominantly made of fissure basaltic eruptions of which the last reached the Red Sea in 1861.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncorrected Proof
    Atmospheric Environment xxx (2018) xxx-xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Atmospheric Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com Detection of the dispersion and residence of volcanic SO2⁠ and sulfate aerosol from Nabro in 2011 Yang Liua⁠ ,⁠ b⁠ , Petri K.E. Pellikkac⁠ ,⁠ d⁠ ,⁠ e⁠ , Hansunbai Lia⁠ ,⁠ b⁠ , Xiuqi Fanga⁠ ,⁠ b⁠ ,⁠ ∗⁠ a Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education, 100875, Beijing, China b Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China c College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 1000875, Beijing, China d Earth Change Observation Laboratory, Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland e Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland PROOF ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Continuous detection of dispersion and residence of volcanic plumes in troposphere and lower stratosphere is Volcanic SO2⁠ vitally important for improving the understanding on the role of volcano eruptions in climate change. We report Diffusion path a 3-month continuous detection of dispersion and residence of volcanic plumes in the troposphere and stratos- Residence time phere generated from the volcanic SO2⁠ erupted by Nabro in Eritrea on June 12th, 2011 observed by the OMI Evenly distribution sensor. The background SO concentration of 3 different height layers in troposphere and lower stratosphere Nabro 2⁠ were estimated by the 3-year-average daily concentration of monthly SO2⁠ in 2005, 2007 and 2013, when there were no large explosive volcanic eruptions occurring. We also traced the diffusion path and the concentration of volcanic SO2⁠ for the first 3 months after Nabro's eruption, and detected the appearance and dissipation of sulfate aerosols, which is a product converted from volcanic SO2⁠ .
    [Show full text]
  • Stratospheric AOD After the 2011 Eruption of Nabro Volcano Measured by Lidars Over the Northern Hemisphere Patricia Sawamura, Jean-Paul Vernier, J.-E
    Stratospheric AOD after the 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano measured by lidars over the Northern Hemisphere Patricia Sawamura, Jean-Paul Vernier, J.-E. Barnes, Timothy A. Berkoff, Ellsworth J. Welton, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, F. Navas-Guzmán, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Lucia Mona, Fabio Madonna, et al. To cite this version: Patricia Sawamura, Jean-Paul Vernier, J.-E. Barnes, Timothy A. Berkoff, Ellsworth J. Welton, et al.. Stratospheric AOD after the 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano measured by lidars over the Northern Hemisphere. Environmental Research Letters, IOP Publishing, 2012, 7 (3), pp.034013. 10.1088/1748- 9326/7/3/034013. hal-00731494 HAL Id: hal-00731494 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00731494 Submitted on 1 Dec 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Stratospheric AOD after the 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano measured by lidars over the Northern Hemisphere This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2012 Environ. Res. Lett. 7 034013 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/7/3/034013) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 212.198.139.186 This content was downloaded on 01/12/2016 at 20:51 Please note that terms and conditions apply.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcanic Eruptions in the Southern Red Sea During 2007-2013
    Volcanic Eruptions in the Southern Red Sea During 2007–2013 Item Type Article Authors Jonsson, Sigurjon; Xu, Wenbin Citation Jónsson, S., & Xu, W. (2015). Volcanic Eruptions in the Southern Red Sea During 2007–2013. Springer Earth System Sciences, 175– 186. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45201-1_10 Eprint version Post-print DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-45201-1_10 Publisher Springer Nature Journal Springer Earth System Sciences Rights The final publication is available at Springer via http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45201-1_10 Download date 30/09/2021 02:22:32 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10754/556692 Volcanic Eruptions in the Southern Red Sea during 2007-2013 Sigurjón Jónsson1, Wenbin Xu1 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia Abstract The first volcanic eruption known to occur in the southern Red Sea in over a century started on Jebel at Tair Island in September 2007. The early phase of the eruption was energetic, with lava reaching the shore of the small island within hours, destroying a Yemeni military outpost and causing a few casualties. The eruption lasted several months, producing a new summit cone and lava covering an area of 5.9 km2, which is about half the area of the island. The Jebel at Tair activity was followed by two more eruptions within the Zubair archipelago, about 50 km to the southeast, in 2011-12 and 2013, both of which started on the sea floor and resulted in the formation of new islands. The first of these eruptions started in December 2011 in the northern part of the archipelago and lasted for about one month, generating a small (0.25 km2) oval-shaped island.
    [Show full text]
  • Violent Nabro Eruption Shown to Pierce Stratosphere 8 February 2013
    Violent Nabro eruption shown to pierce stratosphere 8 February 2013 circulation. "There is overwhelming satellite evidence that the Nabro eruption caused a sizable and direct volcanic impact on the stratosphere," said Mike Fromm, NRL research meteorologist. "Robust satellite data indisputably indicate volcanic gases and particles penetrated the stratosphere during the initial eruption and a second eruption three days later." Thermal infrared (IR) imagery captured by the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite two hours after the eruption provides overwhelming evidence of a deep convective umbrella cloud with locally cold temperatures in a peripheral arc and warmer A natural-color image of the Nabro eruption captured temperatures near the cloud center, a signature of June 13, 2011, by the NASA Moderate Resolution violent convection associated with breaches in the Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shows the volcanic lower stratosphere. ash plume extending from the Eritrea-Ethiopia border, west-north-westerly, into Sudan. Nabro is a To characterize the Nabro plume, NRL scientists stratovolcano in the northeast African nation of Eritrea use three instruments from NASA's 'A-Train' and is one of many volcanic caldera complexes in the constellation—a series of quasi-simultaneous nadir northeasternmost part of the East African Rift valley and limb viewing measurement satellites that orbit region. Credit: NASA Earth Observatory Earth one behind the other. MODIS, onboard the satellite Aqua, acquires spectral data on global dynamics and processes occurring on land, in oceans, and in the atmosphere. The Ozone (Phys.org)—Researchers from the U.S. Naval Monitoring Instrument (OMI), onboard the Aura Research Laboratory Ocean and Atmospheric satellite, distinguishes between aerosol types such Science and Technology Directorate report as smoke, dust, and sulfates, and measures data to conclusive evidence that volcanic gases and derive ozone.
    [Show full text]