DOCSLIB.ORG

International Law and Boundary Disputes in Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Law and Boundary Disputes in Africa International Law and Boundary Disputes in Africa Africa has experienced a number of territorial disputes over land and maritime boundaries, due in part to its colonial and post-colonial history. This book explores the legal, political and historical nature of disputes over territory in the African continent, and critiques the content and application of contemporary international law to the resolution of African territorial and border disputes. Drawing on central concepts of public international law such as sovereignty and jurisdiction, and socio-political concepts such as colonialism, ethnicity, nationality and self-determination, this book interrogates the intimate connection that peoples and nations have to territory and the severe disputes these may lead to. Gbenga Oduntan identifies the major principles of law at play in relation to territorial and boundary disputes, and argues that the predominant use of foreign- based adjudicatory mechanisms in attempting to deal with African boundary disputes alienates those institutions and mechanisms from African people and can contribute to the recurrence of conflicts and disputes in and among African territories. He suggests that the understanding and application of multidisciplinary dispute resolution mechanisms and strategies can allow for a more holistic and effective treatment of boundary disputes. As an in-depth study into the legal, socio-political and anthropological mecha- nisms involved in the understanding of territorial boundaries, and a unique synthesis of African jurisprudence of international boundaries law, this book will be of great use and interest to students, researchers, and practitioners in African diplomacy, Public International Law, International Relations, and decision- makers in need of a better understanding of the settlement of disputes over territorial boundaries in Africa and indeed the wider world. Gbenga Oduntan is Senior Lecturer in International Commercial Law at the University of Kent, UK. Routledge Research in International Law Available: International Law and the Third International Organizations World and the Idea of Autonomy Reshaping Justice Institutional Independence in the Edited by Richard Falk, Balakrishnan International Legal Order Rajagopal and Jacqueline Stevens Edited by Richard Collins and Nigel D. White International Legal Theory Essays and Engagements, 1966–2006 Self-Determination in the Nicholas Onuf Post-9/11 Era Elizabeth Chadwick The Problem of Enforcement in International Law Participants in the International Countermeasures, the Non-Injured Legal System State and the Idea of Multiple Perspectives on Non-State International Community Actors in International Law Elena Katselli Proukaki Jean d’Aspremont International Economic Actors Sovereignty and Jurisdiction and Human Rights in the Airspace and Outer Adam McBeth Space Legal Criteria for Spatial The Law of Consular Access Delimitation A Documentary Guide Gbenga Oduntan John Quigley, William J. Aceves and S. Adele Shank International Law in a Multipolar World State Accountability under Edited by Matthew Happold International Law Holding States Accountable for a The Law on the Use of Force Breach of Jus Cogens Norms A Feminist Analysis Lisa Yarwood Gina Heathcote The ICJ and the Development of Regional Maintenance of International Law Peace and Security under The Lasting Impact of the Corfu International Law Channel Case The Distorted Mirror Edited by Karine Bannelier, Théodore Dace Winther Christakis and Sarah Heathcote International Law-Making UNHCR and International Essays in Honour of Jan Klabbers Refugee Law Edited by Rain Liivoja and From Treaties to Innovation Jarna Petman Corinne Lewis Resolving Claims to Asian Approaches to Self-Determination International Law and the Is There a Role of the International Legacy of Colonialism Court of Justice? The Law of the Sea, Territorial Andrew Coleman Disputes and International Dispute The Rise of Tamil Separatism Settlement in Sri Lanka Edited by Jin-Hyun Paik, Seok-Woo Lee, From Communalism to Secession Kevin Y L Tan Gnanapala Welhengama and Nirmala Pillay The Right to Self-determination Under International Law The United Nations and “Selfistans,” Secession, and the Rule Collective Security of the Great Powers Gary Wilson Milena Sterio Justice for Victims before Reforming the UN Security the International Criminal Council Membership Court The Illusion of Representativeness Luke Moffett Sabine Hassler Public-Private Partnerships Threats of Force and Responsibility under International Law and Strategy International Law Francis Grimal A Global Health Perspective Lisa Clarke The Changing Role of Nationality in International Law Cultural Diversity in Edited by Alessandra Annoni and Serena International Law Forlati The Effectiveness of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Criminal Responsibility for the Promotion of the Diversity of Crime of Aggression Cultural Expressions Patrycja Grzebyk Edited by Lilian Hanania Incitement in International Law Technology and the Law on the Wibke K. Timmermann Use of Force New Security Challenges in the The Cuban Embargo under Twenty First Century International Law Jackson Maogoto El Bloqueo Nigel D. White International Law and Boundary Disputes in Africa Resisting United Nations Gbenga Oduntan Security Council Resolutions Sufyan Droubi The Changing Nature of Customary International Law Methods of Interpreting the Concept of Custom in International Criminal Tribunals Noora Arajärvi Forthcoming titles in this series include: Justice in International Law Power and Law in International The Legal, Political, and Moral Society Dimensions of Indigenous Peoples’ International Relations as the Rights Sociology of International Law Mauro Barelli Mark Klamberg Means of Transportation and The Responsibility to Protect in Registration of Nationality International Law Transportation Register by An Emerging Paradigm Shift International Organizations Susan Breau Vincent P. Cogliati-Bantz Legal Accountability and The International Criminal Britain’s Wars 2000-2014 Court in Search of its Purpose Peter Rowe and Identity Edited by Triestino Mariniello International Law and Boundary Disputes in Africa Gbenga Oduntan First published 2015 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Gbenga Oduntan The right of Gbenga Oduntan to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-415-83892-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-77684-1 (ebk) Typeset in Baskerville by Keystroke, Station Road, Codsall, Wolverhampton To Prince Bola Ajibola (SAN, KBE, CFR, D. Litt) – an outstanding jurist, adjudicator and statesman for dedication to the practice of international justice and inspiring thirst for greatness in younger generations. This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgements xvii Introduction 1 1 Africa: Birthing the empire of law and concept of territory 6 1.1 International law and Africa 8 1.1.1 Racialism and European appropriation of the ‘common law of mankind’ 9 1.1.2 Why the House always wins 14 1.2 Eurocentricity and the applicable international boundary laws 16 2 Sovereignty, jurisdiction, territorial integrity and territorial acquisition in international law 23 2.1 Concept and forms of sovereignty 23 2.2 Globalisation vs territorial sovereignty 27 2.3 Jurisdiction within sovereignty 31 2.4 Westphalian vs indigenous sovereignty 33 2.5 The principle of territorial jurisdiction 36 2.6 Territory and territorial acquisition in public international law and international relations 38 2.6.1 Occupation 42 2.6.2 Cession 43 2.6.3 Accretion, erosion and avulsion 44 2.6.4 Conquest or annexation 44 2.6.5 Prescription 45 2.6.6 Renunciation or relinquishment 46 2.6.7 Adjudication 46 2.6.8 Abandonment and dereliction 46 2.6.9 Discovery 46 2.6.10 Papal grant 47 x Contents 3 Frontiers and boundaries in the context of international legal framework of territorial sovereignty and jurisdiction 50 3.1 The functionality of frontiers and boundaries 50 3.2 Natural vs artificial boundaries 52 3.3 Frontier vs boundary 53 4 Province of international boundary disputes determined 55 4.1 What are international boundary disputes? 55 4.2 Internal boundary disputes 63 4.3 Territorial vs boundary disputes 65 4.4 Frontiers, borders, fences and walls in law and international relations 69 4.4.1 Boundaries 69 4.4.2 Borders and borderlands 73 4.4.3 Fences and walls 75 4.5 Delimitation and demarcation juxtaposed 78 4.6 African delimitation and demarcation of boundaries in their historical, colonial and contemporary contexts 79 4.7 High power politics: legality and illegalities of the Berlin Conference
Load more

Recommended publications
  • War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
    Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Cyclical Explanation Provide Insight to Protracted Conflicts in Africa?
    Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter) Vol. 3, No. 11, 2015 DOES CYCLICAL EXPLANATION PROVIDE INSIGHT TO PROTRACTED CONFLICTS IN AFRICA? David Oladimeji Alao, Ph.D Department of Political Science and Public Administration Veronica Adeleke School of Social Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State +2348035572279. [email protected] Ngozi Nwogwugwu, PhD Department of Political Science and Public Administration Veronica Adeleke School of Social Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State. [email protected] ABSTRACT Africa accounted for greater percentage of violent conflict globally since the end of the cold war. There had been resurgence of violent conflict in many nations after what had been presumed to be peaceful resolution of such conflicts. Among the countries that have had recurring violent conflicts are Mali, Central African Republic, Egypt among others. This had resulted in formulation of many theories, largely revolving around causative and redemptive measures. The resurgence of deep rooted and protracted conflicts informed the paper which examined the cyclical model of conflicts in Africa. The cyclical model points government and practitioners to the defects of the haphazard conflict resolution measures which show lack of political will to combine causative and redemptive measures in ensuring peaceful resolution of conflicts. INTRODUCTION The joy and expectations of nations in Africa becoming independent was short-lived as conflicts and crises of multidimensional nature dotted the whole map turning citizens to refugees within and outside their nations. According to DFID (2001) report, 10 of the twenty four nations of the World engulfed in direct violence or outright war between 1980 and 1994 were located in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Uganda's Constitution of 1995 with Amendments Through 2017
    PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:53 constituteproject.org Uganda's Constitution of 1995 with Amendments through 2017 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:53 Table of contents Preamble . 14 NATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY . 14 General . 14 I. Implementation of objectives . 14 Political Objectives . 14 II. Democratic principles . 14 III. National unity and stability . 15 IV. National sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity . 15 Protection and Promotion of Fundamental and other Human Rights and Freedoms . 15 V. Fundamental and other human rights and freedoms . 15 VI. Gender balance and fair representation of marginalised groups . 15 VII. Protection of the aged . 16 VIII. Provision of adequate resources for organs of government . 16 IX. The right to development . 16 X. Role of the people in development . 16 XI. Role of the State in development . 16 XII. Balanced and equitable development . 16 XIII. Protection of natural resources . 16 Social and Economic Objectives . 17 XIV. General social and economic objectives . 17 XV. Recognition of role of women in society . 17 XVI. Recognition of the dignity of persons with disabilities . 17 XVII. Recreation and sports . 17 XVIII. Educational objectives . 17 XIX. Protection of the family . 17 XX. Medical services . 17 XXI. Clean and safe water . 17 XXII. Food security and nutrition . 18 XXIII. Natural disasters . 18 Cultural Objectives . 18 XXIV. Cultural objectives . 18 XXV. Preservation of public property and heritage . 18 Accountability . 18 XXVI. Accountability . 18 The Environment .
    [Show full text]
  • Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995
    CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA, 1995. Arrangement of the Constitution. Preliminary matter. Arrangement of objectives. Arrangement of chapters and schedules. Arrangement of articles. Preamble. National objectives and directive principles of State policy. Chapters. Schedules. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA, 1995. National Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy. Arrangement of Objectives. Objective General. I. Implementation of objectives. Political objectives. II. Democratic principles. III. National unity and stability. IV. National sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. Protection and promotion of fundamental and other human rights and freedoms. V. Fundamental and other human rights and freedoms. VI. Gender balance and fair representation of marginalised groups. VII. Protection of the aged. VIII. Provision of adequate resources for organs of Government. IX. The right to development. X. Role of the people in development. XI. Role of the State in development. XII. Balanced and equitable development. XIII. Protection of natural resources. Social and economic objectives. XIV. General social and economic objectives. XV. Recognition of the role of women in society. XVI. Recognition of the dignity of persons with disabilities. XVII. Recreation and sports. XVIII. Educational objectives. XIX. Protection of the family. XX. Medical services. XXI. Clean and safe water. 1 XXII. Food security and nutrition. XXIII. Natural disasters. Cultural objectives. XXIV. Cultural objectives. XXV. Preservation of public property and heritage. Accountability. XXVI. Accountability. The environment. XXVII. The environment. Foreign policy objectives. XXVIII. Foreign policy objectives. Duties of a citizen. XXIX. Duties of a citizen. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA, 1995. Arrangement of Chapters and Schedules. Chapter 1. The Constitution. 2. The Republic.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Vegetation Data from the Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reserve
    Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e71266 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e71266 Data Paper Current vegetation data from the Prioksko- Terrasnyi Biosphere Reserve Mikhail Shovkun‡, Natalya Ivanova§§, Larisa Khanina , Michael S. Romanov§‡, Vasily Demidov ‡ Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reserve, Danki, Russia § Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – branch of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia Corresponding author: Mikhail Shovkun ([email protected]), Natalya Ivanova ([email protected]), Larisa Khanina ([email protected]), Vasily Demidov ([email protected]) Academic editor: Ivan Chadin Received: 08 Jul 2021 | Accepted: 17 Aug 2021 | Published: 25 Aug 2021 Citation: Shovkun M, Ivanova N, Khanina L, Romanov MS, Demidov V (2021) Current vegetation data from the Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reserve. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e71266. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e71266 Abstract Background Here we present the sampling event dataset that contributes to the knowledge of current vegetation of the Prioksko-Terrasnyi Biosphere Reserve (part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves), Moscow Region, Russia. The Reserve is situated on the terraces of the Oka River in the zone of mixed coniferous forests. New information The dataset provides 269 relevés (9174 associated occurrences) of renewed vegetation collected in 2019-2020. It is aimed at sampling vegetation data from the Reserve area with particular interest to sites with invasive species and sites with recent deadfall in the spruce stands caused by the bark beetle-typographer. The dataset contains representative information on plant communities in localities with assigned GPS coordinates, sampled using the standard relevé method with the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature Reserve of Orange County
    NATURE RESERVE OF ORANGE COUNTY NEWS RELEASE For Immediate Release June 13, 2016 Irvine, California-- Between June 18 to June 24 and July 5 to July 12, the Nature Communities Coalition (NCC), in collaboration with OC Parks, Irvine Ranch Conservancy, and The Nature Conservancy will conduct an aerial weed survey during daylight hours using a small, low-flying helicopter to document and map the distribution of over 30 weed species located within selected inland parks and open space areas. The resulting information will provide details about the abundance and distribution of invasive weeds and help land managers evaluate the effectiveness of current weed monitoring practices, identify emerging weed problems, and strategically plan future weed management actions. Notices describing the aerial weed survey will be posted at trailheads at participating parks and open space areas during the project period. The aerial weed survey will be focused on mapping the distribution of artichoke thistle and a minimum of 30 other established and emerging invasive weeds which degrade natural habitat values important to wildlife and the park visitor experience. The survey will cover nearly 32,000 acres and involve the following land areas (also see attached map): Aerial Survey Area Ownership Whiting Ranch Wilderness Park OC Parks Siphon Reservoir Irvine Ranch Water District City of Irvine Open Space Preserve North City of Irvine Irvine Ranch Open Space OC Parks Irvine Regional Park OC Parks Peters Canyon Regional Park OC Parks Santiago Oaks Regional Park OC Parks Coal Canyon Ecological Reserve California Department of Fish and Wildlife -OVER- The aerial survey will be conducted by an experienced team, Wildlands Conservation Science LLC, using a small helicopter (Schweizer-333) and a crew of three (an experienced pilot and two biologists conducting the survey).
    [Show full text]
  • Bay Road Park Local Nature Reserve
    Bay Road Park Local Nature Reserve www.derrycity.gov.uk/biodiversity Bay Road Park Local Nature Reserve is a 20 ha former landfill site, located on the banks of the River Foyle, which provides impressive scenery of the Foyle Bridge, Foyle catchment and the City. It can Bay Road Park supports a wide range of habitats to include woodland, grassland, salt be accessed from the Foyle marsh and mudflats. These habitats support a wide range of species, with significant Bridge or behind Da Vinci’s population of wading and wintering birds, including six of Northern Ireland’s priority Hotel, off the Culmore Road. species: redshank, herring gull, song thrush, mistle thrush, starling and bullfinch. Also, international over-wintering birds feast on the eel grass and insects on the mudflats. The woodlands and wildflower meadows provide a habitat for a range of priority species, including eight species of butterflies, for example, orange tip, tortoiseshell, peacock and painted ladies. Also, the willow trees provide a habitat for the lunar hornet moth, which mimics the behaviour of This riverside green space is managed by a wasp. The range of moths provide a Derry City Council for biodiversity and valuable source of food for the bats recreation, with a pedestrian and cycle that use the site for feeding. Two bat network. species have been recorded utilizing It was launched as Derry City Council’s first the site, Pipistrelle and Daubenton bats. Local Nature Reserve in June 2009, for its biodiversity, access, community involvement During your visit you may catch sight of a and educational value.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Media Freedom Debate at Uganda's Independence Golden Jubilee
    REVISITING THE MEDIA FREEDOM DEBATE AT UGANDA'S INDEPENDENCE GOLDEN JUBILEE Michael Kakooza REALITY CHECK Revisiting the media freedom debate at Uganda’s independence golden jubilee Written by Dr. Michael Kakooza The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and Uganda Media Development Foundation but rather those of the author. REVISITING THE MEDIA FREEDOM DEBATE AT UGANDA’S INDEPENDENCE GOLDEN JUBILEE i REALITY CHECK Revisiting the media freedom debate at Uganda’s independence golden jubilee Published by: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Uganda 51. A Prince Charles Drive, Kololo P.O. Box 647, Kampala, Tel. +256 414 254611 www.kas.de ISBN: 978 9970 153 08 4 In partnership with: Uganda Media Development Foundation Plot 976 Mugerwa Road. Bukoto P.O.Box 21778 Kampala, Tel. +256 414 532083 www.umdf.co.ug © Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.v. 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. ii REVISITING THE MEDIA FREEDOM DEBATE AT UGANDA’S INDEPENDENCE GOLDEN JUBILEE Table of Contents Foreword ...................................................................................... 1 Preface ............................................................................................3 Profile of the Author ....................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Regime Crises, Political Exclusion and Indiscriminate Violence in Africa
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: RISKING WAR: REGIME CRISES, POLITICAL EXCLUSION AND INDISCRIMINATE VIOLENCE IN AFRICA Philip Gregory Roessler, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Directed By: Professor Mark I. Lichbach Department of Government and Politics Between 1956 and 1999 one-third of the civil wars in the world occurred in sub- Saharan Africa. The prevailing explanation given to account for this fact is the economic weakness of African states. While low income is a robust determinant of civil war onset in global models, it is not as precise a predictor within sub-Saharan Africa. Instead, I argue that civil war is often a consequence of how African rulers respond to threats to regime survival, such as failed coups d’etat and other regime crises. In the wake of regime crises, rulers, concerned by their tenuous hold on power, seek to reduce the risk of future coups by eliminating disloyal agents from within the government and increasing spoils for more trusted clients to try to guarantee their support should another coup or threat materialize. The problem for the ruler is distinguishing loyal agents from traitors. To overcome this information problem rulers often use ethnicity as a cue to restructure their ruling networks, excluding perceived ‘ethnic enemies’ from spoils. The consequence of such ethnic exclusion is that, due to the weakness of formal state structures, the ruler forfeits his leverage over and information about such societal groups, undermining the government’s ability to effectively prevent and contain violent mobilization and increasing the risk of civil war. To test this hypothesis, I employ a nested research design.
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnam: Van Long Nature Reserve
    Van Long Nature Reserve Vietnam Van Long – local fishers cast nets in the limestone fringed community wetland By Dao Nguyen May 2008 Executive summary Van Long Nature Reserve is situated in Gia Vien district along the Northeastern border of Ninh Binh Province. Van Long straddles seven communes (local Government administrative units) and is in the heartland of the populated centre of north-eastern Vietnam, 85km south of the capitol, Hanoi. All the 45,000 or so people who live in these seven communes in the buffer zone of Van Long are of the Kinh ethnic Vietnamese majority. Van Long itself covers some 3,000 hectares and comprises two major geographic features. Firstly, Van Long is a large wetland and freshwater system. Secondly, the canals, lakes and streams wend through an island-like landscape of karst limestone mountains that harbour the only viable population of the Delacour Langur - one of the world’s most critically endangered species of primate (with less than 200 individuals remaining, globally). Without the protection afforded Van Long by the local community, and now by the Government and local authorities, it is highly probable that the Delacour langur would be the first primate extinction of the 21st Century. The name Van Long dates back centuries, and the community has evidenced a robust capacity to harness the natural resources of Van Long through decades of intense conflict and change, without diminishing their resource base. The cultural significance of the wetland-karst landscape is a vital part of local folklore and sense of place. With the outside discovery of the population of Delacour’s Langur in 1993, external attention to Van Long began to increase.
    [Show full text]
  • ACLED) - Revised 2Nd Edition Compiled by ACCORD, 11 January 2018
    EGYPT, YEAR 2015: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) - Revised 2nd edition compiled by ACCORD, 11 January 2018 National borders: GADM, November 2015b; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015a; Hala’ib triangle and Bir Tawil: UN Cartographic Section, March 2012; Occupied Palestinian Territory border status: UN Cartographic Sec- tion, January 2004; incident data: ACLED, undated; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 Conflict incidents by category Development of conflict incidents from 2006 to 2015 category number of incidents sum of fatalities battle 314 1765 riots/protests 311 33 remote violence 309 644 violence against civilians 193 404 strategic developments 117 8 total 1244 2854 This table is based on data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project This graph is based on data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event (datasets used: ACLED, undated). Data Project (datasets used: ACLED, undated). EGYPT, YEAR 2015: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) - REVISED 2ND EDITION COMPILED BY ACCORD, 11 JANUARY 2018 LOCALIZATION OF CONFLICT INCIDENTS Note: The following list is an overview of the incident data included in the ACLED dataset. More details are available in the actual dataset (date, location data, event type, involved actors, information sources, etc.). In the following list, the names of event locations are taken from ACLED, while the administrative region names are taken from GADM data which serves as the basis for the map above. In Ad Daqahliyah, 18 incidents killing 4 people were reported. The following locations were affected: Al Mansurah, Bani Ebeid, Gamasa, Kom el Nour, Mit Salsil, Sursuq, Talkha.
    [Show full text]
  • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
    United Nations CCPR/SP/89 International Covenant on Distr.: General 7 May 2018 Civil and Political Rights Original: English Meeting of States parties Thirty-sixth meeting New York, 14 June 2018 Item 5 of the provisional agenda Election, in accordance with articles 28–34 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, of nine members of the Human Rights Committee to replace those whose terms are due to expire on 31 December 2018 Election of nine members of the Human Rights Committee to replace those whose terms are due to expire on 31 December 2018 Note by the Secretary-General 1. In conformity with articles 28 to 32 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the thirty-sixth meeting of States parties to the Covenant is to be held at United Nations Headquarters on 14 June 2018 for the purpose of electing nine members of the Human Rights Committee from a list of persons nominated by States parties (sect. II), to replace those whose terms of office will expire on 31 December 2018 (sect. I). I. Members of the Committee whose terms will expire on 31 December 2018 Name of member Country of nationality Mr. Yadh Ben Achour Tunisia Ms. Sarah Cleveland United States of America Mr. Olivier de Frouville France Mr. Yuji Iwasawa Japan Ms. Ivana Jelić Montenegro Mr. Duncan Laki Muhumuza Uganda Ms. Photini Pazartzis Greece Mr. Mauro Politi Italy Ms. Margo Waterval Suriname GE.18-07172 (E) 220518 230518 CCPR/SP/89 II. Persons nominated by States parties 2. In accordance with article 30 (2) of the Covenant, the Secretary-General, in a note verbale dated 15 December 2017, invited the States parties to submit, in conformity with article 29 of the Covenant, their nominations for the election of nine members of the Committee by 9 April 2018.
    [Show full text]