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Using Foliage in the Garden

A Gardener’s Guide to Choosing and Using Plants for Foliage, Texture, and Color

Co-authored by Hilary Foss and Julie Yasny WSU Master Gardeners – Kittitas County

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Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 2

Tips on Using Foliage ...... 2

Purple, Copper, Bronze or Red Foliage ...... 3-4

Yellow, Cream, Gold, or Variegated Foliage ...... 5-6

Gray and Silver Foliage ...... 7-8

Finely Cute Foliage ...... 9-10

Sword-like Foliage ...... 11-12

Low Growing and Ground Cover Plants ...... 13-14

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 1- Using Foliage in the Garden

[Introduction

An important aspect of gardening that is often overlooked is the use of plant foliage. Foliage is the backdrop for your garden. The use of various textures of plant material and the difference in foliage and its color, creates a visual impact and an emotional response, providing a sense of tranquility, restfulness of a bright and cheery place to relax.

Tips on Using Foliage

Foliage offsets bloom very nicely, and works best when planted in large grouping. Plants lose their color emphasis when planted singly or too far apart. Avoid using too many foliage colors in a given area, which can be confusing to the eye. Use large blocks of foliage, which can be “read” at a distance and when placed at repeated intervals, can lend a unifying effect to a garden.

When buying plants for your garden, consider shape, color, and texture of foliage and how they will fit in with your landscape. Listed in this pamphlet are some suggestions on types of foliage and how foliage can be used in your garden.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 2- Using Foliage in the Garden

Purple, Copper, Bronze, or Red Foliage Purple foliage planted at the back of a garden bed blends well with yellowish green flowers or foliage, although the reverse does not hold true. Bronze leafed foliage mixes nicely with paler rose colored flowers. Violet or bright blue flowers also look nice against purple or red leaves. Foliage in these color ranges are best used in small amounts or saved for use in a larger landscape, being too dominate for small gardens.

Common Plant Plant Type of Sun/ USDA Botanical Name Comments Name Type Height Soil Shade Zone Herb with lacy bronze colored foliage with an anise flavor. Bronze Foeniculum. Zone 4 Perennial 3-5 ft Loam Sun Adds great interest to a border. Fennel Vulgare ‘Bronze’ (-30°F) Great culinary herb. Host plants for the Monarch butterfly larva. Low growing mounding, bronze-red foliage with 18-inch Coral Bells Heuchera Sun/ Zone 4 flower stalks. Pink, red, or ‘Palace micrantha Perennial 4 in Moist Part (-30°F) white flowers. Nice used at the Purple’ ‘Palace Purple’ Shade front of a border. Attracts hummingbirds. Tender Pennisetum This variety of fountain grass Zone 9 Fountain setaceum Annual 2-3 ft Any Sun has reddish-brown leaves and (10°F) Grass ‘Rubrum’ dark plumes. Can be invasive. Hazelnuts are planted for Hazelnut Corylus avellana Well Zone 4 production of nuts, but make Shrub 5-15 ft Sun (red) ‘Fusco-rubra’ Drained (-30°F) wonderful ornamentals as well. Also called filberts. Culinary herb, good for rock Salvia officinalis Well Zone 5 Sage Perennial 18-24 in Sun gardens and containers. Flower ‘Purpurascens’ Drained (-20°F) spikes attract bees. Fleshy spoon shaped green leaves with purple tinges. Sun/ Variety “Purpurum: has deep Sedum Ground Zone 5 Stone Crop 1-2 in Dry Part purple leaves. Needs little spathulifolium Cover (-20°F) Shade water once established. Unusual Foliage. Good for rock gardens.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 3- Using Foliage in the Garden

Purple, Copper, Bronze, or Red Foliage (Continued)

Plant Plant Type of Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Comments Type Height Soil Shade Zone Upright green grass with red upper portions. Striking Imperata ornamental. Grow in containers Japanese Rich, Zone 5 cylindrical Perennial 1-2 ft Sun or in garden beds. Is invasive. Blood Grass Moist (-20°F) ‘Rubra’ Use sparingly, to avoid overwhelming other landscape plants. Dark purple leaves on a rounded shrub. Leaves turn red in Royal Purple, Cotinus Well Zone 5 autumn. Flowering season: Shrub 8-10 ft Full Sun Smoke Bush coggygria Drained (-20°F) summer. Flower color: purple. Requires INFREQUENT watering. (once established) Purple leafed with thorns on branches. Scarlet berries follow Berberis Japanese Any Zone 5 flowers. Flowering season: thunbergii Shrub 3 ft Full Sun Barberry Soil (-20°F) spring. Flower color: yellow. ‘Atropurpurea’ ‘Nana’ is a pygmy version – 1 to 2 feet tall. Flowering season: late spring, Sun/ Ajuga reptans Moist Zone 3 early summer. Flower color: Carpet Bugle Perennial 4-6 in Part ‘Purpurea’ Soil (-40°F) blue. Ground cover that spreads Shade well in moist soil. Small deciduous tree that requires occasional deep root Brilliantissium Full sun/ watering. Young leaves are Acer Well Zone 4 form of Tree 15-20 ft Part pink, turning to yellow as pseudoplatanus Drained (-30°F) Sycamore Shade summer arrives, then pale green. Slow growing, rounded head of branches on short trunk.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 4- Using Foliage in the Garden

Yellow, Cream, Gold, or Variegated Foliage Variegated, cream, or gold foliage lends itself well to garden beds in a northern exposure. Cream, gold or variegated foliage adds light to brighten dark corners in a garden and when viewed from a distance, creates the effect of sun dappled leaves. Using plants with variegated or gold leaves adds movement to a garden and garden beds. In addition, garden beds that use variegated or yellow, gold, or cream colored plants are not dependent on flowers as a focal point, since the foliage adds enough interest on its own.

Plant Plant Type of Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Comments Type Height Soil Shade Zone Medium sized shrub with American Thuja Sun/ variegated green and yellow Zone 2 Arborvitae occidentalis Shrub 10 ft Moist Part foliage. Can be prone to attack (-40°F) ‘Elegantissima’ ‘Elegantissima’ Shade from red spider mite. Can burn under hot sun. Low growing herb. Needs mid- Origanum Rich/ Sun/ Zone 5 day shade. Flowers attract bees Golden Oregano vulgare Herb 6-12 in Well Light (-20°F) & butterflies. Spreads to 12” ‘Aureum’ Drained Shade wide. Edible. Golden yellow foliage. Looks Honey locust Gleditsia Zone 3 best combined with green or Tree 35-70 ft Any Sun ‘Sunburst’ triacanthos (-40°F) bronze foliage. Fast growing tree. Nice shrub for hedging. Leave Rich/ Vicray Golden Ligustrum Zone 6 unpruned for best color. Can be Shrub 3-4 ft Well Sun Privet ‘Vicaryi’ (-10°F) subject to Lilac leaf miner. Drained Plant in protected site. White and green variegated, elliptic leaves. Three (3) foot Hosta Plantain 18-36 Zone 4 Hosta undulate Perennial Moist Shade flower stalks with lavender Lily in (-30°F) flowers. Slugs can be a problem. Small evergreen shrub with Thuja Western Cedar Evergree Zone 2 golden-yellow leaves and occidentalis 3-6 ft Any Soil Full Sun ‘Rheingold’ n (-40°F) conical growth habit. Slow ‘Rheingold’ growing plant

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 5- Using Foliage in the Garden

Yellow, Cream, Gold, or Variegated Foliage (Continued)

Plant Plant Type of Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Comments Type Height Soil Shade Zone Flowering season: midsummer to early autumn. Flower color: A form of Tanacetum Well Full sun/ Zone 4 white. Small white daisies and Feverfew parthenium Perennial 1 ½ ft Drained Shade (-30°F) lime-yellow leaves can be used ‘Aureum’ ‘Aureum’ as a summer bedding/border plant. Short lived. Flowering season: summer. A form of Flower color: pale mauve. Thymus Ground Well lemon-scented Zone 6 Lemon scented golden leaves citiodorus Cover – 4-12 in Drained Full Sun Thyme (-10°F) form dense little bushes. Is ‘Aureus’ Herb Dry Soil ‘Aureus’ somewhat tender. Needs protection. Bright greenish yellow grass, Bowles Golden Milium effusum Perennial Partial Zone 6 clump forming. Partial shade Grass 2-3 ft Moist Soil ‘Aureum’ Grass Shade (-10°F) and moisture produce sharp ‘Aureum’ coloring and strong growth. Flowering season: late spring to A form of Lamium Partial/ early autumn. Flower color: Spotted Dead Zone 4 maculatum Perennial 6 in Any Soil Full mauve-pink. White striped Nettle (-30°F) ‘Aureum’ Shade greenish yellow foliage, used as ‘Aureum’ ground cover on a small scale. Green and white variegated leaves and creamy-white A form of Phildelphus Full Sun Zone 5 fragrant flowers, appearing in Mock Orange coronaries Shrub 6-8 ft Any Soil / Part (-20°F) early summer. Needs moisture ‘Variegatus’ ‘Variegatus’ Shade and shade. Nice ornamental shrub. Flowering season: late spring to Weigela praecox Full Sun early summer. Flower color: Weigela Perennial Zone 5 caprifoliaceae 6 ft Any Soil / Part pink. Bright green foliage ‘Variegata’ Shrub (-20°F) ‘Variegata’ Shade variegated with cream. Funnel shaped flowers.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 6- Using Foliage in the Garden

Gray and Silver Foliage Green and gray foliage work well together. Gray tones do not clash with adjacent hues and muted gray colors go well with wood and stone. Gray foliage will have yellow tints in sunny areas and violet tints in shady areas. Gray foliage enlivens dark colors and adds interest to what might be an otherwise monochromatic landscape.

Plant Plant Type of Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Comments Type Height Soil Shade Zone Of the many Artemisia, one of Artemisia the most striking is Silver Artemisia Zone 4 ludoviciana Perennial 2-3 ½ ft Dry Sun Queen. Its gray foliage works ‘Silver Queen’ (-30°F) ‘Silver Queen’ well with brightly colored flowers. Over 200 varieties available. Fragrant and good in a cottage Carnation or 2in-2 ½ Well Zone 5 border. Smaller varieties good Dianthus Perennial Sun Sweet William ft Drained (-20°F) for alpine plantings. Generally hardy in our area with some exceptions. Wooly-grayish plants with star- Moist/ Zone 4 like flowers. Short lived Edelweiss Leontopodium Perennial 4-12 in Well Sun (-30°F) perennial. Good in alpine Drained plantings. Soft white woolly leaves, nice Sun/ Well Zone 4 contrasting with darker green Lamb’s Ears Stachys byzantine Perennial 2-3 ft Light Drained (-30°F) foliage. Good for edging paths Shade and borders. Sub-shrub with nice foliage and button yellow flowers, aromatic Lavender Santolina Well Zone 6 Perennial 2-3 ft Sun when bruised. Looks best when Cotton chamaecyparissus Drained (-10°F) trimmed. Somewhat tender, needs some protection. Rose Campion Gray leaves and scarlet flowers. Lychnis Zone 3 syn. Maltese Perennial 2-3 ft Any Sun White flowering (alba) variety chalcedonica (-40°F) Cross also available. Keep moist.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 7- Using Foliage in the Garden Gray and Silver Foliage (Continued)

Plant Plant Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Type of Soil Comments Type Height Shade Zone Silky gray leaves, flat ivory flower Achillea Well Zone 5 Silvery Yarrow Perennial 5-10 in Sun heads. Fairly drought tolerant once clavennae Drained (-20°F) established. Invasive. Flowering season: summer. Flower color: deep blue. Forms a Spike Veronica Zone 3 sprawling clump of elegantly Speedwell spicata subsp. Perennial 18 in Any Soil Full Sun (-40°F) pointed silver-gray leaves below its ‘Wendy’ Incana ‘Wendy’ dark spiking flowers. Ground Cover. Mat forming, plant with gray- Veronica green, lance shaped leaves and Spike Average to Full Sun spicata subsp. Zone 3 spikes of bright raspberry pink Speedwell Perennial 12 in fertile well / Part Incana (-40°F) flowers. This plant needs good ‘Heidekind’ drained soil Shade ‘Heidekind’ drainage that appears in summer. Good for rock gardens. Light/ Woolly gray-white leaves on a Full Sun Salvia Moist/ Zone 5 woody plant, with violet-blue Spanish Sage Perennial 20 in / Light lavandulifolia Well (-20°F) flower spikes. Nice in containers Shade Drained or at the front of a border. Weeping tree with silvery-white, Fertile/ lance-shaped leaves and white Willow-leafed Pyrus salicifolia Zone 5 Tree 15-25 ft Well Full Sun flowers in the spring. This is an pear ‘Pendula’ (-20°F) Drained ornamental pear, which doesn’t bear fruit. Compact, small shrub w/ purplish Purple Osier Salix purpurea Most/ Well Zone 4 branches and small blue-gray Shrub 3 ft Full Sun ‘Nana’ ‘Nana’ Drained (-30°F) leaves. Works wells as a hedge. Nice background. Silver blue is most intense in part Chamaecyparis Full Sun Sawara False Well Zone 4 shade. Bushy habit of growth in a pisifera e.g. Tree 6-8 ft / Part Cypress Drained (-30°F) conical shape. In autumn, leaves ‘Boulevard’ Shade are tinged purple.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 8- Using Foliage in the Garden Finely Cut Foliage Finely cut foliage adds interest to the garden by adding contract to heavier, denser foliage. In addition, finely textured foliage has the benefit of making small spaces look bigger, which can be useful to the gardener with a small yard or garden.

Plant Plant Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Type of Soil Comments Type Height Shade Zone Vase shaped tree with lacy red Fertile/ leaves. Japanese maples are Japanese Full Sun Acer palmatum Small Well Zone 6 somewhat tender for our area and Maple ‘Red 5 ft / Part ‘Red Pygmy’ Tree Drained/ (-10°F) don’t like wind, so place them in Pygmy’ Shade Moist a protected area. Leaves turn yellow in the fall. Fronds are lance shaped with Moist/ pinnate kidney-shaped to oval American Adiantum 12-16 Well Part Zone 3 leaves. Leaves are medium green Maidenhair Fern pedatum in Drained/ Shade (-40°F) on dark brown stems. Use near a Fern Average semi-shaded pond or in a woodland garden. Small plant with deeply divided basal leaves and double, dark Anemone Anemone Rich/ Well Zone 4 yellow flowers. This anemone ranunculoides Perennial 2-4 in Part Sun ‘Plenifora’ Drained (-30°F) spreads by rhizome, making it ‘Pleniflora’ good for naturalizing in a woodland landscape. A lovely plant with airy blue- Fertile/ green foliage. Bears reddish- Western Aquilegia 24-36 Moist/ Sun/ Zone 4 orange flowers with yellow Perennial Columbine Formosa in Well Part Sun (-30°F) centers and red spurs. Use in Drained garden beds, containers, or a woodland garden. A spring blooming clematis, with Rich/ finely cut leaves and blue bell- Clematis Clematis Alpina Flowerin Moist/ Sun/ Zone 5 like flowers. Use on a wall or ‘Pamela ‘Pamela 6-10 ft g Vine Well Part Sun (-20°F) trellis at the back of a garden bed. Jackman’ Jackman’ Drained Blooms on old wood, so keep pruning to a minimum.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 9- Using Foliage in the Garden Finely Cut Foliage (Continued)

Plant Plant Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Type of Soil Comments Type Height Shade Zone Erect plant with delicate, lacy Rich/ Moist/ Sun/ 12-16 Zone 5 leaves and bright yellow, Corydalis lutea Corydalis lutea Perennial Well Part in (-20°F) spurred flowers. Blooms all Drained Shade summer. Self sows readily. Tall, arching plant with finely Rich/ Moist/ Sun/ dived fern-like foliage and Dicentra Zone 3 Bleeding Heart Perennial 4 ft Well Part small pink and white flowers. spectabilis (-40°F) Drained Shade Foliage dies back in mid- summer. Tall, erect canes with gray- green and purple, finely cut Rosa glauca Average/ foliage. Tiny star-like cerise Sun/ Zone 2 Rosa Glauca syn. R. Shrub 6 ft Well pink flowers in the spring, Part Sun (-50°F) Rubrifolia Drained followed by hips in the fall. Very drought tolerant once established. Tall perennial with lacy, basal leaves and stems of fluffy, airy Cool/ Moist/ Part Sun Zone 5 Meadow Rue Thalictrum Perennial 1-6 ft flowers. Flower color and Humus Rich / Shade (-20°F) plant height depends on variety.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 10- Using Foliage in the Garden Sword-Like Foliage Sword-like foliage can be used in striking combination when planted with larger or coarser textured leafed plants, creating a dramatic effect. Plants from this category can be used either in the foreground or as a backdrop, depending on plant height. Shorter plants would be planted at the front of the bed and taller plants would be planted at the back.

Plant Plant Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Type of Soil Comments Type Height Shade Zone Very pest free and tough. Wide Zone 3 variety available. Blooms mid to Daylily Hemerocallis Perennial 1-6 ft Any Sun (-40°F) late summer. Multiplies quickly, needs dividing frequently. Treat as an annual or lift corms for Tender 1 ½ - 6 Well Zone 8 Gladiolus Gladiolus Sun winter storage. Replant in spring. Perennial ft Drained (10°F) Blooms throughout season. Sun/ Nice used in water gardens or at Rich/ Zone 5 Japanese Iris Iris ensata Perennial 4 ft Light edge of pools. Bears large single Moist (-20°F) Shade or double velvety flowers. Graceful narrow leaves. Flowers Zone 4 Siberian Iris Iris sibirica Perennial 1-2 ½ ft Any Sun come in shades of blue, purple or (-30°F) white. Keep well watered. Sun/ Large sword-like leaves. Blue, 1 ½ -3 Zone 5 Spiderwort Tradescantia Perennial Loam Part purple, violet, or mauve flowers. ft (-20°F) Shade Clump-like plant with deep green Fertile/ Sun/ Zone 3 leaves and flower spikes with star- Gray’s Sedge Carex grayi Perennial 24 in Moist to Part (-40°F) like pale green seed heads, which Wet Shade appear in summer. Fertile/ Clump-like plant with light green Bird’s Foot Carex Moist/ Sun/ Zone 4 leaves. Has orange-brown grass- Perennial 2-6 in Sedge ornithopoda Well Part Sun (-30°F) like flower spikes in spring. Drained Clumps or pale green, sword like Fertile/ leaves. Bears spikes of orange Crocosmia Crocosmia 32-36 Moist/ Sun/ Zone 6 Perennial flowers in early to mid-summer. aurea aurea in Well Part Sun (-10°F) Tender plant, so place in a Drained protected area.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 11- Using Foliage in the Garden Sword-Like Foliage (Continued)

Plant Plant Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Type of Soil Comments Type Height Shade Zone Mounding plant with short, linear, Fertile/ Sun/ Alpine Zone 5 medium green leaves. Has 12” Poa alpine Perennial 1-4 in Light/ Well Part Meadow Grass (-20°F) purplish-green flowering panicles Drained Shade in early to late summer. Stiff, upright, grass-like leaves, Fertile/ green with light-yellow banding. Miscanthus Sun/ Eulalia Grass Moist Zone 4 Has large silky, gray to purplish- sinensis Perennial 4 ft Part ‘Punktchen’ Well (-30°F) brown panicles that are very ‘Punktchen’ Shade Drained showy. Nice in the back of a border. Upright, arching, grass-like leaves, green with creamy-white Fertile/ Miscanthus Sun/ to light-yellow banding. Has Eulalia Grass Moist Zone 4 sinensis Perennial 4 ft Part large silky, gray to purplish- ‘Zebrinus’ Well (-30°F) ‘Zebrinus’ Shade brown panicles that are very Drained showy. Nice in the back of a border. Narrow leaves. Variety “Bright Yucca Zone 5 Eagle” has creamy white leaf Yucca Perennial 3 ft Dry Sun filamentosa (-20°F) margins. Good for drought tolerant garden.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 12- Using Foliage in the Garden Low-Growing and Ground Cover Plants When planting a garden, we often overlook the importance of ground cover and low growing plants. Without them our taller plants would look bare around the ankles. Plants from this category help fill in the gaps and anchor our garden beds. Ground covers lend themselves well to rockery areas and stepping stone paths.

Plant Plant Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Type of Soil Comments Type Height Shade Zone Oval or round leaves, white Cornus Zone 3 flowers in June, red fruit in the Bunchberry Perennial 6-9 in Moist Sun canadensis (-40°F) fall. Related to Dogwood. Nice in a woodland setting. Sun/ Green and bronze foliage. Small Tiarella 10-20 Zone 4 Foam Flower Perennial Moist Part spikes of white frothy flowers. trifoliate in (-30°F) Shade Perennial Rich/ Well Part Zone 4 Large heart shaped leaves, sprays Viola ‘Etain’ Perennial 8-10 in Forget-me-not Drained Shade (-30°F) of tiny blue flowers. Slender stems surrounded by Sweet Galium Part Zone 5 Perennial 6-12 in Rich/ Moist whorls of green leaves. Can be Woodruff odoratum Shade (-20°F) invasive. Many thymes are available. Sun/ Creeping thyme is effective Thymus praecox Well Zone 4 Thyme Perennial 2-6 in Part planted between stepping stones. articus Drained (-30°F) Shade Fragrant when walked on. Culinary herb. Erect plant with delicate, lacy Rich/ Moist/ Sun/ 12-16 Zone 5 leaves and bright yellow, spurred Corydalis lutea Corydalis lutea Perennial Well Part in (-20°F) flowers. Blooms all summer. Drained Sun Self sows readily. Flowering season: late spring to early summer. Flower color: Snow-in- Cerastium Well Full Zone 3 Perennial 6-9 in white and silver-gray leaves. summer tomentosum Drained Sun (-40°F) Very vigorous ground cover. Can be invasive.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 13- Using Foliage in the Garden

Low-Growing and Ground Cover Plants (Continued)

Plant Plant Sun/ USDA Common Name Botanical Name Type of Soil Comments Type Height Shade Zone Small plant with deeply divided basal leaves and double, dark Anemone Anemone Rich/ Well Zone 4 yellow flowers. This anemone ranunculoides Perennial 2-4 in Part Sun ‘Plenifora’ Drained (-30°F) spread by rhizome, making it ‘Pleniflora’ good for naturalizing in a woodland landscape. Low growing herb. Needs mid- Origanum Rich/ Sun/ Golden Zone 5 day shade. Flowers attract bees vulgare Herb 6-12 in Well Light Oregano (-20°F) & butterflies. Spreads to 12” ‘Aureum’ Drained Shade wide. Edible. Fleshy spoon shaped green leaves with purple tinges. Sedum Ground Sun/ Part Zone 5 Variety ‘Purpureum’ has deep Stone Crop 1-2 in Dry spathulifolum Cover Shade (-20°F) purple leaves. Needs little water once established. Unusual foliage. Good for rock gardens.

WSU EXTENSION KITTITAS COUNTY MASTER GARDENERS Page – 14- Using Foliage in the Garden

For More Information Contact the Master Gardener Diagnostic Clinic May through September Tuesdays 11:30 a.m. – 2:30 p.m.

At

WSU Extension Office 507 N. Nanum, Room 2 Ellensburg, WA 98926

Monday through Friday – 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.

Phone: (509) 962-7507 Upper County Toll Free: (509) 674-2584 ext 507

Kittitas County Extension Website: http://www.co.kittitas.wa.us/extension/default.asp WSU Publications: http://pubs.wsu.edu/cgi-bin/pubs/index.html

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