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UNIVERSITY of READING Delivering Biodiversity and Pollination Services on Farmland
UNIVERSITY OF READING Delivering biodiversity and pollination services on farmland: a comparison of three wildlife- friendly farming schemes Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Agri-Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development Chloe J. Hardman June 2016 Declaration I confirm that this is my own work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. Chloe Hardman i Abstract Gains in food production through agricultural intensification have come at an environmental cost, including reductions in habitat diversity, species diversity and some ecosystem services. Wildlife- friendly farming schemes aim to mitigate the negative impacts of agricultural intensification. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three schemes using four matched triplets of farms in southern England. The schemes were: i) a baseline of Entry Level Stewardship (ELS: a flexible widespread government scheme, ii) organic agriculture and iii) Conservation Grade (CG: a prescriptive, non-organic, biodiversity-focused scheme). We examined how effective the schemes were in supporting habitat diversity, species diversity, floral resources, pollinators and pollination services. Farms in CG and organic schemes supported higher habitat diversity than farms only in ELS. Plant and butterfly species richness were significantly higher on organic farms and butterfly species richness was marginally higher on CG farms compared to farms in ELS. The species richness of plants, butterflies, solitary bees and birds in winter was significantly correlated with local habitat diversity. Organic farms supported more evenly distributed floral resources and higher nectar densities compared to farms in CG or ELS. Compared to maximum estimates of pollen demand from six bee species, only organic farms supplied sufficient pollen in late summer. -
Nesting Behavior of Osmia Tingitana Benoist
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(2): 1181-1186 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Nesting behavior of Osmia tingitana Benoist JEZS 2017; 5(2): 1181-1186 © 2017 JEZS (1969) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), endemic Received: 04-01-2017 Accepted: 05-02-2017 species of North Africa with first observation of Aguib Sihem its parasite Chrysura barbata Lucas (1849) Laboratory of Biosystematics and Ecology of Arthropods, (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) University of Mentouri Constantine, Road Ain-El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria Aguib Sihem, Benachour Karima, Maghni Noudjoud and Louadi Kamel Benachour Karima Laboratory of Biosystematics Abstract and Ecology of Arthropods, The analysis of six Osmia tingitana nests found in snail shells showed that the female selects shells University of Mentouri belonging to the Hygromiidae family and whose diameter was between 1.8 and 3.5 cm. The nest building Constantine, Road Ain-El-Bey, materials consist essentially of sand, small pebbles, plant fragments (stems or flower petals) mixed with 25000 Constantine, Algeria the pollen grains. The nest was closed with a cap formed of a greenish paste consisting of pine needles chewed and mixed with the bee saliva and pieces of the shell. The number of cells per nest was variable, Maghni Noudjoud and range between 4 and 7 cells for multicellular nests.The different development stages were found in Laboratory of Biosystematics and Ecology of Arthropods, the nests analyzed with observation for the first time in one nest of the parasitic species of osmia, namely University of Mentouri a cuckoo wasp, Chrysura barbata of the Chrysididae family. Constantine, Road Ain-El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria Keywords: Osmia tingitana, nesting behavior, parasite, Chrysura barbata Louadi Kamel 1. -
HBRG Atlas of Social Wasps
HBRG Atlas of Social Wasps HBRG has already produced atlases for bumblebees and ants. We are now planning a companion atlas for the social wasps. These are the ‘yellow-jacket’ wasps known (but not necessarily loved) by everyone. Saxon Wasp Dolichovespula saxonica (source). One major driver for this idea is the northward expansion of the Saxon Wasp Dolichovespula saxonica, which was first recorded in the UK in Surrey in 1987. It has since spread steadily northwards, and was in Highland by 2013. In 2018, it became obvious that it was well established in the north, at least as far north as Evanton on the Cromarty Firth in the east and Oban in the west. We in HBRG are in an ideal position to monitor its further spread. The German Wasp Vespula germanica, absent from Highland for decades, is now re-established in the Moray Firth area and is likely to spread farther. As we have only eight species recorded in Highland - and the Hornet has only a single record - it is a manageable group (see below). We know remarkably little about the distribution of even the common species. Another aim of the project is to establish a baseline against which to measure any changes in distribution caused by environmental change or by the colonisation by the Saxon Wasp. To succeed in discovering more, we do need the help of our members, especially those living in or visiting the more remote corners of the area. We will cooperate with a UK-wide project run by BWARS with very similar aims. The nature of the task Currently, only 11 of our 351 hectads (10km squares) have all 6 truly Highland species recorded since 1995 (the cut-off date for the Atlas); only 59 have three or more species; and 208 have none at all! In the coverage map opposite, blanks or pale grey squares need to be targeted. -
Dipterists Forum
BULLETIN OF THE Dipterists Forum Bulletin No. 76 Autumn 2013 Affiliated to the British Entomological and Natural History Society Bulletin No. 76 Autumn 2013 ISSN 1358-5029 Editorial panel Bulletin Editor Darwyn Sumner Assistant Editor Judy Webb Dipterists Forum Officers Chairman Martin Drake Vice Chairman Stuart Ball Secretary John Kramer Meetings Treasurer Howard Bentley Please use the Booking Form included in this Bulletin or downloaded from our Membership Sec. John Showers website Field Meetings Sec. Roger Morris Field Meetings Indoor Meetings Sec. Duncan Sivell Roger Morris 7 Vine Street, Stamford, Lincolnshire PE9 1QE Publicity Officer Erica McAlister [email protected] Conservation Officer Rob Wolton Workshops & Indoor Meetings Organiser Duncan Sivell Ordinary Members Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD [email protected] Chris Spilling, Malcolm Smart, Mick Parker Nathan Medd, John Ismay, vacancy Bulletin contributions Unelected Members Please refer to guide notes in this Bulletin for details of how to contribute and send your material to both of the following: Dipterists Digest Editor Peter Chandler Dipterists Bulletin Editor Darwyn Sumner Secretary 122, Link Road, Anstey, Charnwood, Leicestershire LE7 7BX. John Kramer Tel. 0116 212 5075 31 Ash Tree Road, Oadby, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE2 5TE. [email protected] [email protected] Assistant Editor Treasurer Judy Webb Howard Bentley 2 Dorchester Court, Blenheim Road, Kidlington, Oxon. OX5 2JT. 37, Biddenden Close, Bearsted, Maidstone, Kent. ME15 8JP Tel. 01865 377487 Tel. 01622 739452 [email protected] [email protected] Conservation Dipterists Digest contributions Robert Wolton Locks Park Farm, Hatherleigh, Oakhampton, Devon EX20 3LZ Dipterists Digest Editor Tel. -
Fitness Benefits of the Fruit Fly Rhagoletis Alternata on a Non-Native Rose Host Meijer, Kim; Smit, Christian; Schilthuizen, Menno; Beukeboom, Leo W
University of Groningen Fitness benefits of the fruit fly Rhagoletis alternata on a non-native rose host Meijer, Kim; Smit, Christian; Schilthuizen, Menno; Beukeboom, Leo W. Published in: Oecologia DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3524-y IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2016 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Meijer, K., Smit, C., Schilthuizen, M., & Beukeboom, L. W. (2016). Fitness benefits of the fruit fly Rhagoletis alternata on a non-native rose host. Oecologia, 181(1), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3524- y Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. -
Britain's Robberflies – Diptera Asilidae
Britain’s Robberflies – Diptera Asilidae Malcolm Smart Asilidae – the BIG CATS of the Diptera World Adults exclusively carnivorous predators of other insects – mostly other Diptera Larvae where known are also believed to be predatory What distinguishes a Robber Fly (an Asilid) from other Diptera ??? Example based on drawings and photos of Philonicus albiceps notch Two primary characters: * Eyes separated in both sexes by a deep notch at the top of mystax the head. * There is a central clump of down-curved bristles on the face above the upper mouth edge (called the mystax). Typically large and robust Diptera with elongated bodies . The proboscis is rigid and adapted for piercing insect cuticle. Asilidae species count with examples World Britain VCs surrounding Bedford Bedfordshire VC 7000+ 29 18 13 World distribution of Asilidae Genera and Species (after F. Geller-Grim) An introduction to the British Asilidae fauna compiled using data primarily from the following sources Data held by the Soldierflies and Allies Recording Scheme run by & Distribution maps derived from it at October 2016 (15900 Asilidae records) Photographs of Asilidae submitted to Facebook for identification or comment by: Lester Wareham, Mo Richards, Graham Dash, Martin Parr, Graham Brownlow, Mark Welch Albums of Asilidae photographs submitted for public scrutiny by wildlife/ dipterist specialists: Steven Falk, Janet Graham, Ian Andrews, Gail Hampshire Pictures offered by or requested from: Nigel Jones, Martin Harvey, Alan Outen, Mike Taylor, Tim Ransom, Tim Hodge, Fritz -
Wolbachia-Mitochondrial DNA Associations in Transitional Populations of Rhagoletis Cerasi
insects Communication Wolbachia-Mitochondrial DNA Associations in Transitional Populations of Rhagoletis cerasi 1, , 1 1, 2, Vid Bakovic * y , Martin Schebeck , Christian Stauffer z and Hannes Schuler z 1 Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82/I, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (M.S.); christian.stauff[email protected] (C.S.) 2 Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Universitätsplatz 5, I-39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-660-7426-398 Current address: Department of Biology, IFM, University of Linkoping, Olaus Magnus Vag, y 583 30 Linkoping, Sweden. Equally contributing senior authors. z Received: 29 August 2020; Accepted: 3 October 2020; Published: 5 October 2020 Simple Summary: Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium that infects numerous insects and crustaceans. Its ability to alter the reproduction of hosts results in incompatibilities of differentially infected individuals. Therefore, Wolbachia has been applied to suppress agricultural and medical insect pests. The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi, is mainly distributed throughout Europe and Western Asia, and is infected with at least five different Wolbachia strains. The strain wCer2 causes incompatibilities between infected males and uninfected females, making it a potential candidate to control R. cerasi. Thus, the prediction of its spread is of practical importance. Like mitochondria, Wolbachia is inherited from mother to offspring, causing associations between mitochondrial DNA and endosymbiont infection. Misassociations, however, can be the result of imperfect maternal transmission, the loss of Wolbachia, or its horizontal transmission from infected to uninfected individuals. -
76 ©Kreis Nürnberger Entomologen; Download Unter
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Galathea, Berichte des Kreises Nürnberger Entomologen e.V. Jahr/Year: 1997 Band/Volume: 13 Autor(en)/Author(s): Dunk Klaus von der Artikel/Article: Ecological studies on Pipunculidae (Diptera) 61-76 ©Kreis Nürnberger Entomologen; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at galathea 13/2 Berichte des Kreises Nürnberger Entomologen1997 • S. 61 -76 Ecological studies on Pipunculidae (Diptera) K laus von der D unk Zusammenfassung: Es wird über Freilandbeobachtungen an Augenfliegen berich tet. Räumlich begrenzte Vorkommen erwiesen sich als erstaunlich artenreich. Sie werden im einzelnen vorgestellt, sowie eine bemerkenswerte Begleitfauna genannt. Betrachtungen von Verhaltensweisen runden das Bild ab, zeigen aber gleichzeitig die Notwendigkeit für weitere Studien. Abstract: Studies on Pipunculid flies in their natural environment are presented. Certain places are described, which proved to be astonishingly rieh in species. Some remarkable associating insect species are listed. As far as investigated comments on the behaviour of the adult flies are added. Key words: Diptera, Pipunculidae, behaviour, ecology Introduction Pipunculid flies are rather small mostly black insects, developing as parasitoids inside leafhoppers, with the ability of hovering (relationship to Syrphidae) and with enormous compound eyes, useful for males in search for females, and for females in search for a potential victim, a cicad larva. Most specimen of Pipunculidae studied so far were collected by Malaise traps. This material allows to describe the existing species, to secure their systematical stand, and to mark their distribution. Many questions in this chapter are still open. On the other hand the development as parasitoids in leafhoppers show fascinating aspects of adaptations to this life and even has an ecological/economical content regarding pest control. -
A Trait-Based Approach Laura Roquer Beni Phd Thesis 2020
ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Laura Roquer Beni PhD Thesis 2020 Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Tesi doctoral Laura Roquer Beni per optar al grau de doctora Directors: Dr. Jordi Bosch i Dr. Anselm Rodrigo Programa de Doctorat en Ecologia Terrestre Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Universitat de Autònoma de Barcelona Juliol 2020 Il·lustració de la portada: Gala Pont @gala_pont Al meu pare, a la meva mare, a la meva germana i al meu germà Acknowledgements Se’m fa impossible resumir tot el que han significat per mi aquests anys de doctorat. Les qui em coneixeu més sabeu que han sigut anys de transformació, de reptes, d’aprendre a prioritzar sense deixar de cuidar allò que és important. Han sigut anys d’equilibris no sempre fàcils però molt gratificants. Heu sigut moltes les persones que m’heu acompanyat, d’una manera o altra, en el transcurs d’aquest projecte de creixement vital i acadèmic, i totes i cadascuna de vosaltres, formeu part del resultat final. -
A Review of the Status of Larger Brachycera Flies of Great Britain
Natural England Commissioned Report NECR192 A review of the status of Larger Brachycera flies of Great Britain Acroceridae, Asilidae, Athericidae Bombyliidae, Rhagionidae, Scenopinidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Xylomyidae. Species Status No.29 First published 30th August 2017 www.gov.uk/natural -england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background Making good decisions to conserve species This report should be cited as: should primarily be based upon an objective process of determining the degree of threat to DRAKE, C.M. 2017. A review of the status of the survival of a species. The recognised Larger Brachycera flies of Great Britain - international approach to undertaking this is by Species Status No.29. Natural England assigning the species to one of the IUCN threat Commissioned Reports, Number192. categories. This report was commissioned to update the threat status of Larger Brachycera flies last undertaken in 1991, using a more modern IUCN methodology for assessing threat. Reviews for other invertebrate groups will follow. Natural England Project Manager - David Heaver, Senior Invertebrate Specialist [email protected] Contractor - C.M Drake Keywords - Larger Brachycera flies, invertebrates, red list, IUCN, status reviews, IUCN threat categories, GB rarity status Further information This report can be downloaded from the Natural England website: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/natural-england. For information on Natural England publications contact the Natural England Enquiry Service on 0300 060 3900 or e-mail [email protected]. -
Diptera: Asilidae) from Tehran Province and Vicinity, Iran
Journal of Biological Control, 24 (1): 42–46, 2010 Research Article A contribution to the knowledge of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) from Tehran province and vicinity, Iran NAJMEH SAMIN1*, HAMID SAKENIN2, SOHRAB IMANI1 and MAHMOOD SHOJAI1 1Department of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran 2College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr Branch, Mazandaran, Iran *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT: Robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) are one of the important groups of predators in controlling numerous insect groups. A total of 30 asilid species representing 22 genera are listed in this paper from Tehran province. Of these, Neoitamus senectus Richter, Stenopogon rufipilus ruficauda Engel and Rhadinus ungulinus Loew are new records for the fauna of Iran. Additionally, prey records and distributional data are provided for asilid species. KEY WORDS: Asilidae, fauna, prey, Tehran province, Iran (Article chronicle – Received: 23.11.2009; Sent for revision: 25.12.2009; Accepted: 05.01.2010) INTRODUCTION meal, which is generally consumed upon returning to a perch (Lavigne, 2003; Ghahari et al., 2007b). Robber flies (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) are an abundant and diverse family known for their predatory There are 1634 species of Asilidae recorded from behavior. As their common name implies, robber flies have the Palearctic region (Geller Grimm, 2005). The Iranian voracious appetites and feed on a vast array of other fauna has been studied recently very well and a total of arthropods, which may help to maintain a healthy balance 8 papers have been published from Iran so far (Oldroyd, among insect populations in various habitats (Joern and 1958; Abbassian-Lintzen, R. -
Review of the Coverage of Urban Habitats and Species Within the UK Biodiversity Action Plan
Report Number 651 Review of the coverage of urban habitats and species within the UK Biodiversity Action Plan English Nature Research Reports working today for nature tomorrow English Nature Research Reports Number 651 Review of the coverage of urban habitats and species within the UK Biodiversity Action Plan Dr Graham Tucker Dr Hilary Ash Colin Plant Environmental Impacts Team You may reproduce as many additional copies of this report as you like, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA ISSN 0967-876X © Copyright English Nature 2005 Acknowledgements The project was managed by David Knight of English Nature, and we thank him for his advice and assistance. Thanks are also due to Mark Crick and Ian Strachan of JNCC for their comments on the draft report and information on the current UKBAP review, and English Nature library staff for their invaluable assistance with obtaining reference materials. We especially thank the following individuals and their organisations for their valuable comments on the consultation draft of this report: George Barker, John Box, Professor Tony Bradshaw, John Buckley (The Herpetological Trust), Paul Chanin (for The Mammal Society), John Davis (Butterfly Conservation), Mike Eyre, Tony Gent (The Herpetological Conservation Trust), Chris Gibson (English Nature), Eric Greenwood, Phil Grice (English Nature), Mathew Frith, Nick Moyes, John Newbold (for The National Federation of Biological Recorders), Dominic Price (Plantlife), Alison Rasey (The Bat Conservation Trust), Ian Rotherham (Sheffield University), Richard Scott (Landlife), Martin Wigginton and Robin Wynde (RSPB). Additional information and advice was also provided by Dan Chamberlain, Rob Robinson, and Juliet Vickery (British Trust for Ornithology) and Will Peach (RSPB).