sign in sign up
<<
Home , Balanitis, Prostatitis

Index

Abacterial cystititis, 276 Albuginea, tear of, 145 Abacterial , 236 Albuginitis constrictive, 141 Abdominal neoplasm, 141, 155 Alcock canal. See Pudendal canal syndrome Abdominal pain, 212 Alfuzosin, 187 Abdominoperineal repair, approach to RUF, 346 Allergic contact , 58 Abscesses, 136 Allergic vulvitis, 260 Acetaminophen, 157, 316–317, 386 Allopurinol, 158 Acetominophen, 250 Allylamine, 67 Acitretin (Soriatane), 61 Alosetron, 123–124 Acrolein-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, 354 Alpha-2a adrenergic receptors, 12 Actinomycosis, 143 Alpha blockers, 187, 189 Acupressure, 329, 332 Alpha interferon, 267 Acupuncture, 158, 188, 207, 268, 278, 294, Alternative medical systems, 328–329 329, 332 Alternative medicine, 326 Acute anterior uveitis, 129 Alum bladder instillation, for hematuria Acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP), treatment, 361 165–166, 176 Alum irrigation, 359 clinical presentation, 167 Amenorrhoea, 130 differential diagnosis, 167 Amicar, 359 evaluation, 169 Amikacin, 157 treatment, 169–170 Aminocaproic acid, for hematuria treatment, Acute cystitis, 102 359–360 Acute idiopathic scrotal edema, 140, 151 Aminoglycoside–penicillin combination, 103 Acute menstrual pain, 329 Amiodarone, 141, 153 Acute pain Amitriptyline, 43, 189, 207, 244, 246, 262, 288, hyperalgesia, 5 319–320 neuropathic pain, 5 Amoxicillin, 87 neurophysiology of, 4–8 Amphotericin B, 104, 381 nocioceptive mechanisms, 4–5 Ampicillin, 104, 170 pathways, 4–5 Amyloidosis, and hemorrhagic cystitis, 358 pelvic neuroanatomy, 5–7 Anabolic steroids, 356 pelvic nocioception and convergence, Analgesic adjunct medications, for treatment of 7–8 pelvic pain, 317–319 Acute pancreatitis, 32 Anatomic obstruction, 171 Acute polyarthritis, 129 Androgen deprivation, 187 Acute , 167 Aneurysms, 140, 150–151 Acute renal carbuncle, 23 Angiokeratoma of Fordyce, 69 Acute scrotum, 138 Aniline, 356–358 Acute trauma, 140 Ankylosing spondylitis, 129, 276 Acyclovir, 81, 265 Anorectal pain, 107–114 Adductor tendinitis, 141, 152 anal pathology, 110 Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 92 definition and classification, 108–109 Adenomatoids tumors, 144 etiology, 109–111 Adenovirus, 11, 353, 356 evaluation, 111–112

393 394 Index

extraluminal causes, 109 incidence of, 166 idiopathic, 111 pathogenesis, 168 intraluminal causes, 109 prognosis, 170 management, 112–114 treatment, 169–171 neurologic causes, 110–111 Bacterial vaginosis (BV), 78 pelvic floor disorders, 111–112 Bacterial venereal diseases, 78 pelvic floor dyssynergia, 111, 114 Bacteriuria, 378–379 postoperative, 111 , 58–59, 63–64 Anti-sperm antibodies, 202 Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO), 63 Antibiotic therapy, 103, 278 Barbiturates, 65 Anticonvulsants, 242, 257, 265, 295, 315, 317–320 Basal cell carcinoma, 70 Antihistamines, 59 BDNF, 12 Antimicrobial therapy, 104, 169–170, 172, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 290 185, 379 Beck’s cognitive theory, of depression, 219 Antiproliferative protein factor (APF), 236 Bee pollen therapy, 188 Anxiety, 216–217, 230, 285, 290–291, 294 Behavioral therapy, 269 Appendicitis, 141, 154 Behcet’s syndrome, 80 Arachadonic acid, 331 Behcet’s disease, 61 Arachidonic acid metabolites, 12 Bell-clapper deformity, 148–149 Arithromyocine, 89 Belladonna-opium, 359 Arterial embolization, 23 Bentyl, 122 Arthralgia, 167 Benzocaine, 59 Arthritis, 87 Benzodiazepines, 206 history taking in patients with, 128–129 Benzthiazide penicillin G, 84 and, 128–130 Benzylamine, 67 Artificial urinary sphincter (AUS), 389–390 Beta interferon, 267 Ascending urethral , 168 Bichloroacateic acid (BCA), 01–92 Aspergillus fumigatus, 356 Bilateral scrotal pain, 41 Aspirin, 316, 357, 359, 382 Biofeedback therapy, 113–114, 244, 263, 267, Asymmetric oligoarthritis, 129 269, 278, 295, 306, 327–328, 332 Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), 104, 379–380 Biokit HSV-2, 79 Atherosclerosis, 202 Biologically based therapies, 330–332 Atquín-Flaitz syndrome, 155 Biomedical and biopsychosocial model (BPSM) Autonomic nervous system, 6 of pain, 212, 215–216, 219–220, 225 Autonomic stimulation, 42 BK virus, 353, 356 Autonomous pain syndrome, 185 Bladder cancers, 236, 238, 354 ® Aventyl , 262 Bladder dysfunction, 128, 369 Axial arthritis, 129 Bladder hydrodistension, 241–240 Axis I psychiatric disorder, 284 Bladder neck dysfunction, 171 Ayurveda medical systems, 328 Bladder neck sclerosis, 188 Azithromycin, 83, 85–87, 88, 278 infection, 65 Azole cream, 66–67 Bone anchor sling, 368–370 Azospermia, 205 Bone marrow transplantation, 353 Botox injection, 48–49, 116, 262 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), 92, 247 Botulinum toxin A, 244, 262, Back mouse (episacroiliac lipoma), 42, 266–267, 278 51–52 Brachytherapy (BT), 338 Bacteremia, 98, 104 Bradykinins, 5, 13, 138 Bacterial cystitis, 238, 352 Bromelain, 189 Bacterial , 62 Brucellar epididymo-, 140, 143 Bacterial prostatitis (BP) Bulbourethral sling procedure, 368 acute. See Acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) Bulking agents, 123 chronic. See Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) Bupivacaine, 44, 46, 50, 207 etiology, 166 Buprenorphine, 321 evaluation, 167–171 Burkholderia pseudomallei, 183 Index 395

Burning syndrome, 258, 285. See also Cernilton N, 188 Vulvodynia Cervarix, 92 Busulfan (1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate), Cervical cancers, 354 356–357 Cervical disk disease, 20 Butoconazole, 90 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 92 Butorphanol, 321 , 85–86 Charncroid, 77–78, 79, 82 Calcipotriene cream, 61 Chemical toxins, induced hemorrhagic cystitis, Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), 357–358 5, 246 Chemotherapy, 354, 362 Calcium glycerophosphate, 237 Chinese herbs, 188 Calcium polycarbophil, 123 , 129, 182, 186, 276–277 Campylobacter, 129 infection, 65, 84, 88, 100 Cancer, 147, 155, 260 trachomatis, 78, 86–87, 182 Candida, 260 Chlamydia trachomatis, 78, 85–86, 88, 182 Candida albicans, 12, 65, 90, 352, Chlordimeform, 358 356, 381 Chlorhexadine (Hibiclens), 69 Candida glabrata, 352, 381 Chlorhexidine, 382 Candida tropicalis, 352, 381 Chlorpromazine, 157 Candidal infections, 65 Choriocarcinoma, 140, 144 Candidal vulvovaginitis, 65 Chronic appendicitis, 117 , 65, 259 Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), 170–173, Candiduria, 381 176–177, 212 Capsagel®, 262 clinical presentation, 170–171 Capsaicin, 248, 262, 266, 278 differential diagnosis, 171 Carbemazepine, 157, 265, 318 evaluation, 171–173 Carbenicillin, 356 management, 171–172 Carboprost, 362 pathogenesis, 168 Carotid zone, pain in, 139 prognosis, 170 Carotidynia, 139 Chronic , 140, 143 Carpal tunnel syndrome, 39 Chronic fatigue syndrome, 131 Castration, 136 Chronic genitourinary pain, 207 Catch-up vaccination, 93 Chronic headache, 217 Catheter-associated bacteremia, 380 Chronic idiopathic anorectal pain, Catheter-associated 107–109, 114 (CAUTI), 381 Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, 171 microbiology of, 381 Chronic orchialgia, 143 prevention of, 381–383 Chronic pain. See Chronic pelvic pain bacterial interference, 382–383 Chronic pelvic pain, 3, 7–16, 50, 118–119, 122, biofilm disruption, 382 125, 131, 139, 170–171, 328 Catheter-related infections, 104 central nervous system vulnerability, 10 CD4+ T-cell, 184 central sensitization, 8 Cefazolin, 372 convergence, 10 Cefixime, 88 genetics, 12 Cefotaxime, 88 hormonal contributors, 11–12 Cefoxitin, 88 inflammation and immune factors, 12 Ceftizoxime, 88 loss of inhibitory control, 9–10 Ceftriaxone, 83, 86, 88 mechanisms, 9–10 Celecoxib, 316 peripheral sensitization, 8 Central nervous system (CNS), 4, 10 sympathetic activation, 9 Central poststroke pain, 318 wind-up response, 8 Central sensitization, 8, 131–132 Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS), 142, 175, Cephalosporin, 86, 88, 157 175–176, 207. See also Chronic prostatitis Cerebral disrrhythmia, 152 (CP); (IC) Cernilton, 332 Stanford Protocol for, 229–232 396 Index

Chronic prostatitis (CP), 140, 144, 207, 327 Ciprofloxacin, 83, 186 biomedical model, 213–216 Circinate balanitis, 129–131 biopsychosocial data, 219–220 Circumscribed pain disorders, 289 challenge for men in therapy, 223–224 Cirrhosis, 141, 155 classification, 176–177 Citalopram, 320 cognitive-behavioural symptom management Citrobacter sp., 99–100, 370–371 program for, 220–223 Clindamycin, 61, 90, 168 depression and anxiety symptoms, 216–217 Clobetasol, 265 diagnosis, 179–181 Clomipramine, 320 clinical presentation, 179 Clonidine, 114 investigations, 180–181 Clorpactin WCS-90, 246 recommendations for evaluation, 179 Clostridium, 129 epidemiology, 177–179 Clostridium difficile colitis, 382 etiology, 181–185, 212 Clotrimazole, 66, 90 autonomous pain syndrome, 185 Coccidioidomycosis, 143 chlamydia, 182 Coccydynia, 40 dysfunctional voiding, 184 Coccygeal region, 41 gram-negative bacteria, 181–182 Coccygodynia, 107–109, 112, 114, 139 gram-positive bacteria, 182 Coccyx, pain in, 139 infection, 181–183 Codeine, 321 inflammation and immune dysregulation, Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 183–184 220–221, 294 interstitial cystitis, 184–185 Cognitive Behavioural-Symptom Management intraprostatic pressure, 184 Program (CB-SMP), 220–223 micro-organisms, 183–185 Cognitive-behavioural theory, 220 multifactorial etiology, 185 Cognitive theory, of depression, 219 Mycoplasma, 182–183 Coital pain, 290, 294 neuromuscular spasm syndrome, 185 Coliform bacteria, 168 management of pain associated with, 250 Colon, diverticular disease of, 117 pathology, 212 Colorectal cancer, 117, 122 psychological comorbidity in, 216–218 Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) quality of life and, 212, 218–220 national research on, 326–332 relationship impact of, 217–218 alternative medical systems, 328–329 and sexuality, 217–218 biologically based therapies, 330–332 symptoms, 212 energy therapies, 330 treatment, 185–190 manipulative and body-based methods, 328 alpha blockers, 187 mind-body interventions, 327–328 alternative medicine, 188–189 terms and definitions, 326 anti-inflammatory agents, 186–187 trends, 326 antimicrobials, 185–186 Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), 139 ejaculation, 187–188 Condylomata acuminata, 90–92 hormonal manipulations, 187 Congestive epididymytis. See Post-vasectomy pain minimally invasive therapy, 188 syndrome (PVPS) multimodality treatment, 189–190 Conjugated estrogens, for hematuria treatment, perspectives in, 211–225 359, 362 massage, 187–189 Conjunctivitis, 129 surgery, 188 Constipation, 121, 123–124, 141, 154 Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index Constrictive albuginitis, 155 (NIH-CPSI), 328 Contact dermatitis, 58–59 Chronic prostatitis symptoms, 236 Convulsions, 152 Chronic scrotal pain syndrome (CSPS), 137 Corn fiber, 123 Chronic tension, 230 Corticosteroids, 39, 44, 59–60, 187 Chronic (CTP), 135. See also Cortisol, 327 Post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS) Corynebacterium minutissimum, 67, 182 Chronic vulvovaginal pain, 258 Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale, 331 Index 397

CP/CPPS. See Chronic prostatitis (CP) Doxipin, 319 CP/CPPS pelvic floor dysfunction, evaluation and Doxycycline, 69, 84–86, 88, 103, 278 treatment, 303–313 Drugs, testicular pain due to, 141 Crohn’s disease, 50, 61, 80, 179, 212, 353, 358 Dynias, 139–141 Cromolyn, 266 Dysesthesia, 43, 138 Crural pain, 41, 51 Dysesthetic vulvodynia (DV), 258, 287 Cryptococcosis infection, 65 Dysfunctional protective guarding, 231 Cryptococcus neoformans, 356 Dysmenorrhea, 10, 12, 328–329, 331–332 Cryptorchidism testis, 149 Dysorgasmia, 206 Curanderos, 329 , 58, 89–90, 112, 128–129, 132, 237, Cutis anserina, 42–43 240–242, 246, 259, 265–266, 275–276, Cyclooxygenase, 316 278–279, 281–289 Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, Dysplasia, 155 353–354, 356, 361 Dysport®, 262 Cyclosporine A (CyA), 245 , 236 Cyst, needle aspiration of, 158 Cystitis, 97, 171 Echinococcus granulosus, 352, 356 with pregnancy, 104 Econazole, 66 Cytokines, 5 Ejaculation, 187–188 Cytoxan, 237 derangement, 147 pain, 41, 212 Danazol, 356 Elatrol®, 262 Dapsone, 265 Elavil®, 209, 262 Dark-field microscopy test, 83–84 Electrogalvanic stimulation (EGS) therapy, Deep mycosis, 140, 143 113–114 Depression, 10, 123, 131–132, 216–219, 285, Electromagnetic therapy, 330, 332 290–291 Elmiron®, 247, 357, 361 Beck’s cognitive theory of, 219 Elmiron therapy. See Pentosulfanpolysulfate (SPP) post-vasectomy, 147 therapy Dermatitis, 58, 87 Embolization, for hematuria treatment, Dermatological diseases, affecting genitourinary 359, 363 system, 57–73 Emphysema, 360 Dermatophyte infections, 65 Encephalitis, 81 Desipramine, 141, 153, 319–320 Encrustation, 378 mellitus, 168 Endep®, 262 Diabetic cystopathy, 100 Endocarditis, 87 Diabetic nephropathy, 29 Endometriosis, 3, 8, 10–11, 12, 40, 117, 130, Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), 318 236–238, 250, 329 Diarrhea, 121–124 Endoscopic resection, for IC treatment, Diazepam, 244 248–250 Dicyclomine, 122 Endotoxin, 181 Dietary fiber, intake of, 332 Energy therapies, 330 Diltiazem, 114 Enigmatic syndrome, 137 Dimeglumina gadopentato, 153 Enoxacin, 186 Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 246 Entamoeba infection, 65 Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, 59 Enteric nervous system (ENS), 7 Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test, 84 Enterobacter aerogeners, 181, 381 Direct hematogenous infection, 168 Enterobacter cloacae, 181 Dislocation of testis, 140, 145 Enterobacter coli, 381 Disseminated infection, 81 Enterobacter sp., 95 Distal tubular renal acidosis, 130 Enterobacteriaceae coli, 356 Dithiocarbamate, 58 Enterococci, 370 Doderlein vaginal flora, 103 faecalis, 100, 378, 381 Double crush syndrome, 46 Enterococcus species, 181 Doxazosin, 172 Epidermophyton,66 398 Index

Epididymal blowouts, 146 etiology, 276–277 Epididymal congestion, 147 therapeutic options, 277–279 Epididymal cyst, 141, 155 Femoral hernias, 141, 154 Epididymal pain syndrome, 139 Fiancé colic, 154 Epididymectomy, 155, 159 Fibromyalgia, 10, 128–129, 131–132, 215, 217, , 136, 144, 146–147, 155 236, 259 Epididymitis, 85–87, 138, 140, 142–143, 145, 146, Filarial orchitis, 143 147–148, 151, 153, 157, 159, 201, 377, 379 Finasteride, 187 pain, 85–86, 138, 140, 142–143, 145, 148, Fixed drug eruption, 57–58, 65 153, 159 Flank pain, 19–35 Epididymo-orchitis, 142–144 non-urinary tract sources, 32–34 Epidymorchitis acute, 140 renal causes, 23 Epilepsy, 141, 152 sources, 19–34 Epinephrine, 327 urinary tract sources, 21–31 Episacroiliac lipoma, 42, 51–52 innervation of kidney and ureter, Equinococosis, 143 21–23 Equistosomiasis, 143 papillary necrosis, 29–30 (ED), 202, 387, 389 renal infarction, 29–30 Erythema, 80, 289 renal vein thrombosis, 29–30 Erythrasma, 67 stones, 26–28 Erythromycin, 68, 83, 85, 87 tumors, 30–31 Erythromycin ethylsuccinate, 87 ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 29–30 Erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ), 64 Flavonoids, 331 Escherichia coli, 97, 100, 103, 126, 144, 168, Fleroxacin, 186 181, 354, 383–385 Florescent treponemal antibody absorbed Escrotalgy, 137 (FTA-ABS) test, 84 Essential vulvodynia, 258, 288 Fluconazole, 60–61, 90, 265 Estrogen, 11–12, 103, 278, 382 Fluoroquinolones, 99, 103, 105, 157, 168, Estrogen replacement therapy, 103 171–172, 188, 280 Ether, 356–367 Fluoxetine hydrochloride, 246 Evacuation of clots and continuous bladder Focal vulvitis, 258, 287 irrigation, for hematuria treatment, 359–360 Fordyce, angiokeratoma of, 69 Expedited partner therapy (EPT), 79 Formalin instillation, for hematuria treatment, External beam radiation therapy (EBRT), 338 362–363 Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMP), 70 Fournier’s gangrene, 100, 140, 143 Eye movement desensitization (EMDR), 294–295 Free radicals, 5 FU cream, 92 Factitial disease, 60–61 Functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID). See Famiciclovir, 82 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Fecaluria, 338 Funguria, 381 Female aseptic dysuria, 276 Female genitourinary (GU) pain GABA (gamaaminobutyric acid), 9 as chronic pain disorders, 285–287 Gabapentin, 157, 189, 207, 244, 250, 262, 265, dyspareunia and its subtypes, 287–289 278, 318–319 idiopathic condition, 284, 291–294 Gadolinium, 141, 153 as psychiatric sexual dysfunctions, 286–287 Gadopentato dimeglumina, 141 psychosocial factors in, 289–292 Gardnerella vaginalis,89 psychosocial strategies in treatment of, 292–296 Gastrointestinal infections, 122 psychosomatic origin, 282–284 Gastrointestinal tract, functional disorder of. See treatment of, 292–296 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Female prostatitis, 276 Gate Control Theory, of pain, 214–215 Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), 51 Gatifloxacin, 186 Female urethra disorders, 275–279 Generalized vulvar dysesthesia, 287 diagnosis, 27–279 Generalized vulvodynia, 288 epidemiology, 276 Genetic pain syndrome, 286 Index 399

Genetics, of chronic pelvic pain, 12 Hematochezia, 122, 338 , 80 Hematomas, 114, 201–202 Genital morphology, 62 Hematuria, 338 Genital pain, 152, 206–207, 213, 236, 284–286, mild, 359–360 293, 304 moderate, 361–362 disorder, 285–286, 293 severe, 362–364 Genital tuberculosis, 143 treatment, 358–364 Genital ulcers, 79–80 alum bladder instillation, 361 Genital warts, 90–92 aminocaproic acid, 360 Genitofemoral neuropathy, 51 conjugated estrogens, 362 Genitourinary (GU) pain, 177 evacuation of clots and continuous bladder complementary therapies, 325–332 irrigation, 359–360 alternative medical systems, 328–329 formalin instillation, 362–363 biologically based therapies, 330–332 HBO therapy, 360 energy therapies, 330 oral SPP, 362 manipulative and body-based methods, 328 prostaglandin instillation, 361–362 mind-body interventions, 327–328 silver nitrate instillation, 361 terms and definitions, 326 surgical intervention, 363 trends, 326 therapeutic embolization, 363 inflammation and arthritis and, 128–130 Hemorrhagic cystitis Genitourinary prostheses causes of, 356 artificial urinary sphincter, 389 chemical toxins- induced, 356–358 pain and inflammation associated with, etiologies, 352–353 385–390. See also Genitourinary (GU) pain infections, 352–353, 356 penile prostheses, 386–389 medication, 355–357 search strategy, 386 mild hematuria, 359–360 silicone, 390 moderate hematuria, 361–362 testicular prostheses, 389–390 oxazaphosphorine agents, 353–354, 356 Genitourinary system radiation-induced, 354–356 dermatological diseases affecting, 57–73 severe hematuria, 362–364 functional and structural abnormalities of, 98 systemic amyloidosis and, 356, 358 infections, 98 treatment, 358–364 Gentamicin, 372 alum bladder instillation, 359, 361 Gentian violet, 356–357 aminocaproic acid, 359–360 Giralde’s organ, 149–150 conjugated estrogens, 359, 362 Glanular cyanosis, 42 embolization, 359, 363 Globus syndrome, 131 evacuation of clots and continuous bladder Glomuerular dysfunction, 130 irrigation, 369–360 Glossodynia, 139, 262 formalin instillation, 359, 362–363 Glutathione, 361 HBO therapy, 359–360 Gluteal fibrositis, 141, 152 oral SPP, 362 Gonadal hormones, 11 prostaglandin instillation, 359, 361–362 Gonococcal urethritis, 85 silver nitrate instillation, 359, 361 , 78, 84, 87–88 surgical intervention, 363 Goodpasture syndrome, 151 Henoch–Schonlein Purpura (HSP), 140, 151 Granulomatous orchitis, 144 Heparin, 46, 50, 240, 247–248, 382 Gubernaculum testis, 145 Hepatitis, 81 , 84 Haemophilus ducreyi, 79, 82 Hepatitis C, 84 Haemophilus influenzae,85 Herbs, 330 Haller’s organ, 149–150 Hernias, 11 HBO therapy, for hematuria treatment, 360 , 259 Headaches, 290 (HSV), 60, 78–82, 260 Healing touch, 330 Herpes Zoster disorders, 32 Hematoceles, 145 HerpeSelect™-2 ELISA IgG, 81 400 Index

HerpeSelect™-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent Idiopathic assay (ELISA) immunoglobulin G(IgG), 81 anorectal pain, 11 HerpeSelect™-1 Immunoblot IgG, 81 calcinosis of scrotum, 70 HerpeSelect™-2 Immunoblot IgG, 81 vulvar pain, 282, 287, 289–292 Hibiclens, 69 psychological disturbance with, 291 Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), 68–69 vulvodynia, 288 Hidronefrosis, 141 Ifosfamide, 354 Histamine, 5 Ilioinguinal neuropathy, 51 Histoplasmosis, 65, 143 Imipramine, 319–320 Holistic medicine, 326 Imiquimod cream, 91 Homeopathy, 329 Immune cells, 5 HPV vaccines, 92–93 Immunologic testicular pain, 140–141, 150–152 HSP-acute vasculitis, 151 Indwelling urinary catheters. See also Urinary HSV-1, 80–81 catheters HSV-2, 80–81 incidence of, 376–377 HSV-2 ELISA, 81 Infections, 5

5HT3 receptor antagonists, 122–123 candidiasis, 65–66 5HT4 receptor agonists, 122–124 erythrasma, 6 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 76 hidradenitis suppurativa, 68–69 Human papilloma virus (HPV), 64, 71, 78, 90–93, of male genitalia, 65–66 259, 267 testicular pain due to, 140, 142–144 diagnosis, 90–91 tinea cruris, 66–67 infection, 65 , 177 treatment, 91–92 Inflammation, and arthritis, 128–130 vaccines, 92–93 Inflammatory bowel disease, 117, 122, 129 Hunner’s ulcers, 239, 248 Inflammatory diseases Hyaluronic acid (HA), 247 balanitis xerotica obliterans, 63 Hydatid of Morgagni, 149–150 contact and irritant dermatitis, 59 Hydrocele, 141, 154–155 factitial disease, 60–61 Hydrocodone, 250 fixed drug eruption, 65 Hydrocortisone, 266 lichen nitidus, 63 Hydromorphone, 321 lichen planus, 61 Hydronephrosis, 20, 29, 32, 154, 352 lichen simplex chronicus, 57 Hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone coating, 388 male genitalia, 59–60 Hydroureteronephrosis, 363 plasma cell balanitis, 64 Hydroxypyridone, 67 psoriasis, 61 Hydroxyzine, 245 trauma to male genitals, 60–61 Hyoscine, 329 Inflammatory eye disease, 129 Hyoscyamine, 122 Inflammatory neuropeptides. See Hyperalgesia, 5, 7, 10–11, 42, 138 Neuroinflammatory peptides Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. See HBO therapy, for Inflatable penile prosthesis implantation, 389 hematuria treatment Influenza A virus, 353, 356 Hyperoxaluria, 262 Inguinal hernias, 136, 141, 154 Hypertonic pelvic floor dysfunction, 242 Inguinal herniorrhaphy, 159 Hypertonic pelvic floor musculature, 229–230 Inguinal pain, 40–42, 51 Hyperuricemia, 141, 155 Inhibitory control loss, 9–10 Hyperventilation syndrome, 131 InhibiZone™, 390 Hypnosis, 158 Inipramine withdrawal, 141, 153 Hypoalgesia, 42 Injured cells, 5 Hypochondriasis, 217 Integrative medicine, 326 Interferon, 259 Iatrogenic neuropathy, 41 Interleukin-1 (IL-1), 12, 184, 259 Iatrogenic rectourethral fistula, 340–343 Interleukin-2 (IL-2), 184 Iatrogenic RUF, 340 Interleukin-6 (IL-6), 155, 184 Ibuprofen, 316, 329 Interleukin-8 (IL-8), 155, 188 Index 401

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), 184 Kaposi’s sarcoma, 70 Intermittent (ITT), 140, 150 Kaufman prosthesis, 369 Intermittent uretero–pelvic junction obstruction, 23 Kegel’s exercises, 51, 368 International Index of Erectile Function, 51 Ketoprofen, 186, 316 InterStim® device, 278 Ketorolac, 316 Interstitial cystitis (IC), 3, 8, 10–11, 12, 41, 51, Kidney 100, 129–130, 184–185, 276, 286, 304 flank pain, 21–23 presentation and differential diagnosis, 237–240 stones, 26–28, 312 diagnosis, 238–240 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 168, 381 dietary guidelines, 238 Klebsiella sp., 99, 168, 181, 352, 356, 378 recognition, 237–238 Koebnerization, 61 symptoms, 235–237 Koro’s syndrome, 141, 153 syndrome, 184 KY Jelly, 59 treatment, 240–250 clinical evaluation for pelvic floor dysfunction, 242–243 Labial erythema, 42 endoscopic resection, 248–250 Lacerations of testes, 145 fulguration of ulcers, 248–250 Lactobacillus vaginal suppositories, 103 intravesical therapies, 246–248 Lactoferrin, 382 pain management, 250 Lamotrigine, 319 pelvic floor muscles role, 240–242 Leiomyomatosus, 144 for pelvic pain, 243–246 Leishmania infection, 65 Intertrigo, 65, 66 Leprosy, 140, 143 Intra-testicular arteriovenous malformation, Leukemias, 140, 144, 357 141, 152 Leukocytes, 144 Intra-testicular hemangioma, 141, 152 Intra-testicular hematomas, 145 , 29 Intraprostatic pressure, 184 Leukospermia, 183 Intraprostatic urinary reflux, 164 Leukotrienes, 5 Intravesical therapies, for IC treatment, 246–248 Levaquin, 186 Irritable bladder syndrome, 129–130, 132 Levator ani syndrome, 51, 107–108, 114, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 109, 131, 217, 117, 304 236–237, 242, 259, 286, 304 Levator spasm, 107–108 and abuse, 121–122 Levofloxacin, 86–87 with constipation, 121 Levorphanol, 322 diagnostic criteria, 119–121 Lichen nitidus (LN), 63 with diarrhea, 121 Lichen planus (LP), 61, 80, 260 epidemiology, 121–122 Lichen sclerosis, 260 physical and sexual abuse and, 121–122 Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), 59–60 by predominant stool pattern, 121 Lidocaine, 207, 240, 247, 262, 265–266, Rome III diagnostic criteria for, 120 278, 289 Irritant contact dermatitis, 56–57 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 181 Irritant dermatitis, 58–59 Livedo reticularis, 42 Irritative voiding symptoms, 338 Living disorders, 119 Ischemia, 5 Localized vulvar dysesthesia, 287–288 Ischemic colitis, 124 Localized vulvodynia, 288 Isophosphamide, 356 Loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS), 21 Isoretinoin, 265 Lomefloxacin, 186 Ispaghula husk, 123 Long-term indwelling catheters (LTC), 378, Ispiritismos, 3 380–381 Itraconazole, 67 Loperamide, 123 Lower genitourinary diseases, 128 Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction, 84 and associated rheumatic conditions, 128–129 JC virus, 353, 356 systemic rheumatic diseases associated with, Jock itch. See Tinea cruris 128, 130 402 Index

Lower urinary tract epithelial dysfunction, 276–27 Mefenamic acid, 316 Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), 100–101 Melanoma, 73 Lumbar disk disease, 20 Meningitis, 81, 87 Lumbar laminectomy, 33 Menorrhagia, 130 Lumbosacral radiculopathic pain, 141, 153 Mercaptobenzothiazole, 58 Lupus erythematosus, 353 Mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate), 354 , 78, 85 Mesothelioma, 144 Lymphomas, 140, 144 Metastases, 70 Metesthesia, 43 Methadone, 250, 321 Macro-orchidism, 141, 155 Methenamine mandelate, 356–357 Macrophages, 5 Methicillin, 356 Macrotrauma, 206 Methotrexate, 61 Magnet therapy, 330 2–Methylaniline, 358 Malakoplaquia testicular, 140, 144 Methylcellulose, 123 Male genitalia Methylprednisone, 266 common benign growth, 69 Metronidazole, 89–90, 372 angiokeratoma of Fordyce, 69 Metrorrhagia, 130 idiopathic calcinosis of scrotum, 70 Mevebirine, 123 pearly penile papules, 69 Mibelli, angiokeratoma of, 69 infections, 65–67 Miconazole, 90 candidiasis, 65–66 Microlithiasis testicular, 141 erythrasma, 67–68 Microscopic oxalcrystalluria, 262 hidradenitis suppurativa, 68–69 Microsporum,66 tinea cruris, 66–67 Migraine, 11 inflammatory diseases, 58–59 Migraine headaches, 236 balanitis xerotica obliterans, 63 Mind–body interventions, 327–328 contact and irritant dermatitis, Minocycline, 388 58–59 Mitral valve prolapse, 236 factitial disease, 60–61 Morganella morganii, 381 fixed drug eruption, 65 Morphine, 250, 321–322 lichen nitidus, 61–63 Multiple chemical sensitivity, 131 lichen planus, 61–63 Multiple myeloma, 141, 155 lichen simplex chronicus, 59–60 Multiple sclerosis, 353 plasma cell balanitis, 64 Mumps orchitis, 140, 143 psoriasis, 61 Muscarinic-blocking agents, 21 trauma to male genitals, 60–61 Musculoesquelectic causes, of testicular pain, 141, malignant growth, 70–73 152–153 extramammary Paget’s disease, 72–73 Musculoskeletal and rheumatic diseases, 128 melanoma, 73 Musculoskeletal pain, 304 squamous cell carcinoma, 71–72 Musculoskeletal pain syndrome, 216 skin diseases of, 57–73 Myalgia, 167 trauma to, 60–61 Mycobacterium bovis, 247 Manipulative and body-based methods, 328 Mycobacterium smegmatis,64 Marcaine, 268 Mycoplasma, 186 Marfanoide habit, 155 Mycoplasma genitalium,8 Martin Bell syndrome, 155 Mycoplasma hominis, 89, 97, 97, 100, Mast cells, 5 103, 183 Mazindol, 141, 153 Mycoplasma species, 182 Meares–Stamey four-glass test, 171 Myelomeningocele, 368 Meatoplasty, 63 Myofascial manipulation, 308–309 Meatotomy, 63 Myofascial pain syndromes, 206, 216, 242, Mebeverine, 122 304, 328 Meckel’s diverticulum, 154 Myofascial trigger points, 206–207, 242, 278, Meconium periorchitis, 141, 154 304–305, 308, 328, 332 Index 403

N-acetyl cysteine, 354, 382 Nutcracker, phenomenon of, 152 Nalbuphine, 321 Nutraceuticals, 332 Naproxen, 316 Nystatin cream, 66 National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), 50 Obstruction uretero-pelvic, 141, 154 Native American Healing, 329 Ofloxacin, 86–87, 186 Neisseria gonorrhea, 87–88, 100, 129, 142 Omega-3 fatty acids, 331–332 Neisseria infection, 65 Opioids, for treatment of pelvic pain, 320–322 Neoplasia, 58 Oral fluconazole therapy, 104, 381 Nephritic syndrome, 353 Oral SPP, for hematuria treatment, 362 Nephrolithiasis, 26 Orchialgia, 137–138, 152, 154–155, 158 Neptune Krill Oil (NKO), 331 post-herniorrhaphy, 140 Nervous entrapment of healing, 147 post-laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, 140 Neural hypersensitivity and inflammation, 330 post-needle of testis, 140 Neuroanatomy, 5–7 post-spermatocelectomy, 140 scrotal content and testicular pain, 136–137 post-surgery, 147–148 Neurogenic inflammation, 5 post-varicocelectomy, 140 Neuroinflammatory peptides, 5, 8–10, 12–13 Orchidopexy, 159 Neurologic causes, of testicular pain, 141, Orchidynia, 137, 139 152–153 Orchiectomy, 145, 159 Neuromatrix theory, 215 Orchitis, 99, 143, 144 Neuromodulation, 249–250, 268, 278 Organic erectile dysfunction (ED), Neuromuscular spasm syndrome, 185 387, 389 Neurontin®, 262, 321 Organic vulvodynias, 288 Neuropathic pain, 5, 138, 156–157, 317–318, Orgotein, 355 320, 322 Osteoarthritis, 128 Neuropeptides, 5 Osteomyelitis, 367, 368–370 Nitric oxide, 12 diagnosis, 369–372 Nitrofurantoin, 102–104, 172 treatment, 372 Nitrofuroxone, 382 Osteopathic manipulative treatment Nitroglycerin, 114 (OMT), 328 N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, Overactive bladder (OAB), 100, 238, 276 8, 250 Oxazaphosphorine agents, and hemorrhagic Nocioception, 6, 11–12 cystitis, 353–354 and convergence, 7–8 Oxybutinin, 359 Nocioceptors, 4–5 Oxycodone, 250, 321–322, 390 Nodous epididymitis, 140, 147 Non-hemorrhagic cystitis, 353 Pain Non-inflammatory rheumatic disorders, 128, biomedical model of, 213–216 131–133 biopsychosocial understanding of, 292 Non-opioid analgesics, for treatment of pelvic BPSM of, 212, 215–216, 219–220, 225 pain, 316 classification, 138 Non-seminomatous germinal tumors, 144 cognitive-bio-behavioural perspective of, 214 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications concepts and perception, 213–214, 216, 292 (NSAIDs), 206, 316–317, 357, 359 coping strategies, 294 Non-ulcer dyspepsia, 131 and depression, 216–219 Non-urinary tract sources, of flank pain, with ejaculation, 111, 144, 304 32–34 Gate Control Theory of, 214–215 Nonbacterial prostatitis, 171, 178–179 mapping strategies for, 292 Norepinephrine, 319–320, 322, 327 neuropathic, 138 Norfloxacin, 186 sensory model of, 213 Nortriptyline, 262, 264 by sex, 154 Nortyptaline, 319 somatic, 138 Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), testicular. See Testicular pain 87–88 visceral, 138 404 Index

Painful bladder syndrome (PBS), 100, 236 non-opioid analgesics, 316 with interstitial cystitis, 304 NSAIDs, 316–317 Painful spermatic granuloma, 147 opioids, 320–322 Paludism, 140 SSRIs and SNRIs, 320 Pamelor®, 262 tramadol, 322 Pampiniforme plexus, thrombophlebitis of, 151 tricyclic antidepressants, 319–320 Panic disorder, 12 syndromes, 304 PAP tests, 90–92 treatment for, 243–246 Papain, 189 Pelvic plexus, local anesthetic infiltration, 158 Papillary necrosis (PN), and flank pain, 23, 29 Pelvis and scrotal contents, neuroanatomy of, Papulosquamous dermatitis, 57 136–137 Paracetamol, 157, 329 Pemphigus vegetans, 61 Paradidymis, 149–150 Penicillicum infection, 65 Paradoxical relaxation, 229, 231–232 Penicillin, 65, 88, 161, 185, 355 Parasitic cystitis, 352–353 related hemorrhagic cystitis, 355 Parasitic infections, 65 Penicillin G procaine, 84 Parasympathetic nervous system, 6 Penicillin GK, 356 Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcomas, 144 Penidynia, 139 Paroxetine, 123, 320 Penile carcinoma, 71 Paroxysmal pain, 318 Penile pain, 144 Pearly penile papules (PPP), 69 Penile prostheses, 386–389 Pelvic congestion, 141, 153–154 causes of pain, 388–389 Pelvic electromagnetic therapy, 332 implantation, 389 Pelvic floor infection and erosion, 386–388 disorders, 111–112 sensory loss, 389 dysfunctions, 236, 241–242, 293. See also Penile psoriasis, 61 CP/CPPS pelvic floor dysfunction, Penile tourniquet syndrome, 60–61 evaluation and treatment Penis, pain in, 139 clinical evaluation for, 242–243 Pentazocine, 321 dyssynergia, 107–108, 111, 114 Pentosan polysulfate (PPS), 184–185, muscles, 241 245–246 muscular dysfunction, 330 Pentosulfanpolysulfate (SPP) therapy, 355 physical therapy, 267 Perinatal torsion, of spermatic cord, 140 tension myalgia, 51, 141, 153 Perineal pain, 40, 212–213, 236 therapy, 240–241, 303 Perineal suspension pad, 44–45 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 79, 87 Perineural anesthesia, 46 Pelvic neuroanatomy Peripheral sensitization, 8 and acute pain, 5–7 Peritoneal cytokines, 13 autonomic nervous system, 6 Periurethral abscess, 100 somatic nervous system, 6 Permixon, 332 Pelvic nocioception and convergence, 7–8 Phantom orchialgia, 141, 152 Pelvic pain, 46, 50–51, 130, 235, 237, 241–242. Phantom pain, 21 See also Chronic pelvic pain Pharmacologic causes, of testicular pain, 141, syndrome (CPPS) 152–153 causes, 118–119 Pharmacological treatment, of pelvic pain, dyspareunia, 129 315–323 in females, 50 non-opioid analgesics, 316 management of, 250 Phenolphthalein, 65 manual therapies and self-care, 243–244 Phenytoin, 318 pharmacological therapies, 244–246, , 63 315–323 Physical therapy, 229–232 analgesic adjunct medications, 318–319 Phytotherapy, 188 anticonvulsants, 318–319 Pilonidal disease, 112 combination pharmacotherapy, 320 Pinaverine, 122 dose escalation, 322–323 Pinprick sensation, 42 Index 405

Piperacillin, 356 Primary syphillis, 80 Placebo, 21, 114, 123–124, 185–189, 231, 245, Probenecid, 84, 88 266–268, 317–318, 328, 330–332 Probiotics, 103 Plasma cell balanitis, 64 Proctalgia fugax, 107–109, 114, Pneumaturia, 338 117, 139 Pneumonitis, 81 Proctitis fugax, 40, 51 Podofilox solution, 81 Proctocolitis, 85 Podophyllin, 91 Proctodynia, 139 Pollen extract, 332 Progesterone, 11, 331 Polyarteritis nodosa, 353 Prophylaxis, 105 Post-herniorrhaphy pain, 147–148 Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, 311 Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, 119 Propylene glycol, 59 Post-laparoscopic donor nephrectomy pain, 148 Prosta-Q, 189 Post-needle biopsy pain, 148 Prostadynia, 40, 51 Post-orchidopexy pain, 148 Prostaglandin, 5, 12, 184, 189, 316–317, 332, Post-partial orchidectomy pain, 148 358–359, 361 Post-pelvic inflammatory disease pain, 119 instillation for hematuria treatment, 359, Post-spermatocelectomy pain, 148 361–362 Post-varicocelectomy pain, 148 Prostate Post-vasectomy orchialgia syndrome (PVOS), 159 abscess, 168 Post-vasectomy orchialgia. See Post-vasectomy calculi, 188 pain syndrome (PVPS) cancers, 177, 202, 354 Post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS), 139–140, radiation therapy for, 337–338 145–147 massage, 187–189 acupuncture, 207 pain, 139 in closed-ended versus open-ended stones, 170 vasectomy, 147 Prostatitis, 40, 50, 101, 142, 155–156, 166, early post-vasectomy changes, 146 212–213, 216–217, 304, 377. See also Acute etiology, 203 bacterial prostatitis (ABP); Bacterial evaluation, 205–206 prostatitis (BP); Chronic bacterial prostatitis intermediate post-vasectomy changes, 146 (CBP) late post-vasectomy changes, 146–147 definitions of, 178 myofascial trigger points release, 207 Stanford Protocol for, 229–232 pharmacological treatments, 206–207 syndrome, 97 physical therapy, 207 Prostatodynia, 139, 176 prevalence of, 201–208 Proteus mirabilis, 352, 356, 378, 381 spermatic cord blocks, 207 Proteus sp., 99 surgical interventions, 208 Providencia stuartii, 381 symptoms, 202–203 Provoked vestibulodynia, 288 treatment, 206–208 Provoked vulvar dysesthesia, 287 Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN),51–52 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 168, 181, Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS), 378, 381 249–250 Pseudomonas sp., 99–100, 370–371 Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), 318 Psoas spasm, 141 Postoperative anorectal pain, 111 Psoriasis, 61 Postprostatectomy urinary Psoriatic arthritis, 129 incontinence, 389 Psychogenic dyspareunia, 282–283 Potassium sensitivity test, 240 Psychoneuroimmunology, 327 Pox virus infection, 65 Psychosomatic sexual pain disorders, 283 Prednisone, 59 Psychosomatic vulvovaginitis, 258, 282 Pregabalin, 45, 319 Psyllium, 123 Pregabilin, 207 Pudendal canal syndrome, 39 Premenstrual syndrome, 131 Pudendal channel syndrome, 152 Presacral tumors, 109 Pudendal decompression, 159 Primary Orchitis, 143 Pudendal nerve dysfunction, 259 406 Index

Pudendal nerve entrapment, 40, 141 Rectourethral fistula (RUF) Pudendal nerve perineural injection (PNPI), adjacent tissue status, 339 39, 44 bladder neck contracture, 338 Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency test, 43 diagnosis, 338 Pudendal nerve trapping, 152 etiologies, 337 Pudendal neuralgia, 260 iatrogenic-induced, 338–340 anatomy, 46 overall condition and life expectancy of confounding neuropathies, 51 patient, 339 definition, 46 pre-surgical evaluation, 338–339 evaluation, 42 presence of , 338 neurophysiologic, 42–43 preservation of urinary and bowel function, physical examination, 42 343–345 warm detection threshold, 42 abdominoperineal repair approach, 346 imaging, 43–44 transanosphincteric approach, 340 pathologic anatomy, 47–50 transperineal repair approach, 346 postoperative failure treatment, 50 preservation of urinary or bowel function, surgical complications, 48–50 343–345 surgical intervention failure, 50 radiotherapy-induced, 337–338 surgical success, 48 size and location of fistula, 339 pathophysiology and etiology, 41 sphincteric function, 338 posterior femoral cutaneous neuropathy, 51–52 surgical management, 340–348 sites of pain in men with, 41 diversion, 340 symptoms, 41–42 transanal repair approach, 340 treatment, 44–45, 50–52 York-Mason repair, 340–343, 346 decompression surgery with transposition of surgical reconstruction pudendal nerve, 46–47 preservation of urinary and/or bowel modalities, 51–52 function, 343–345 monitoring, 50–51 Recurrent cystitis, 103 pudendal nerve perineural injections, 44 Referred pain, 154 self-care, 44–45 Reiki, 330 Pudendal neuropathy, 41–42, 44 Reiter’s syndrome, 129 Pulsed radio frequency, 158 Reiter’s disease, 61 Pycnogenol, 331–332 Relaxin, 11 Pyelonephritis, 25, 29, 34, 97, 102, 169, 382 Renal infarction, and flank pain, 23, 29 acute cystitis of, 97 Renal tumors, 30–32 Pyridium, 246 Renal vein thrombosis, and flank pain, 23, 29, 33 Resiniferatoxin (RTX), 248 Retractile testes, 141, 154 Quality of life (QoL), and comorbidities in Retrocaval ureter, 141, 154 CP/CPPS, 212, 218–220 Retroperitoneal fibrosis, 141, 154 Quercetin, 188–189, 332 Rheumatic diseases, associated with lower Quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG), 88 genitourinary problems, 128–129 Quinolones, 88 Rheumatoid arthritis, 128, 353 Rheumatological syndromes, 276 Radiation-induced, hemorrhagic cystitis, Rhus dermatitis, 59 354–355 Rifampin, 388 Radiation neuropathy, 41 Rofecoxib, 186 Radiation toxicity, 338–340 Rose tea, 331–332 Radical retropubic prostatectomy, 41 Radiotherapy-induced RUF, 339–340 Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS), 249 Rapid plasma regain (RPR) test, 84 Sacrococcygeal pain, 109 Reaction Record tool, 221–223 Salbutamol, 114 , 129–130 Saline CBI, 359 Rectal cancers, 354 Salmonella, 129 Rectal pain, 139 Salonpas-Hot®, 262 Index 407

Sanyinjiao point, 329 Sjogren’s syndrome, 128–130 Sarcoidosis, 141, 155 Skin diseases Sarcoptes infection, 65 common benign growth, 69 Saw palmetto, 187, 189, 332 angiokeratoma of Fordyce, 69 Schistosoma hematobium, 352, 356 idiopathic calcinosis of scrotum, 70 Scrotal pain syndrome, 139 pearly penile papules, 69 Scrotalgia, 41 infections, 65–67 Scrotum, 142–145 candidiasis, 65–66 Seborrheic dermatitis, 61 erythrasma, 67 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), hidradenitis suppurativa, 68–69 123, 317 tinea cruris, 66–67 Self-induced lacerations, 55 inflammatory diseases, 58–62 Self-palpation orchitis, 140, 147 balanitis xerotica obliterans, 63 Selye’s model of stress, 215 contact and irritant dermatitis, 58–59 Semen aspiration procedures, 140 factitial disease, 60–61 Seminomas, 140, 144 fixed drug eruption, 65 Seminomatous germinal tumors, 144 lichen nitidus, 61–62 Sepsis, 167 lichen planus, 61–62 Septicemia, 378 lichen simplex chronicus, 59–60 Seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SpA), plasma cell balanitis, 64 128–129 psoriasis, 61 Serotonin, 5, 123, 319, 322 trauma to male genitals, 60–61 Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors of male genitalia, 57–73 (SNRIs), 317 malignant growth, 71–73 Serratia sp, 181 extramammary Paget’s disease, 72–73 Sertraline hydrochloride, 246 melanoma, 73 , 39–40, 48, 139, 179, 179–180, squamous cell carcinoma, 71–72 217, 230, 242, 281, 291, 293, 295, 304 Sleep disorders, 131–132 Sexual Health Inventory in Males (SHIM), 51 Sling procedures, 367 Sexual intercourse, 267. See also Dyspareunia; incidence of infections, 368–369 Vulvodynia Solid-organ transplantation, 353 pain disorders, 265–267, 276, 284–295 Somatic nervous system, 5 Sexually transmitted disease (STD), 97, 100 Somatic pain, 4, 138 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), 77–93, Somatic pathology, 3 103–104, 180 Somatic syndromes, by medical cervicitis, 85–86 subspecialties, 131 , 79–80, 82–83 Somatization disorders, 285, 290–291 chlamydia trachomatis, 78, 86–87 Soriatane, 61 epididymitis, 85–86 Spasm of the muscle psoas, 152 expedited partner therapy, 78–79 Spastic pelvic floor, 107–108, 114 genital ulcers, 79–80 Spectinomycin, 88 gonorrhea, 84, 87–88 Sperm granulomas, 147, 159, 202–204, 208 herpes simplex virus, 80–82 Spermatic cord human papilloma virus, 78, 90–92 denervation of, 159 lymphogranuloma venereum, 78, 85 denervation sympathetic of, 159 , 78–79, 83–84 local anesthetic infiltration of, 158 , 78, 88–89 perinatal torsion of, 149 urethritis, 85–86 resection of, 159 vaginitides, 89–90 Spermatoceles, 141, 155 Shigella flexneri, 129 Spinal cord , 318 Shortened pelvic floor, 305–309 Splenosis, 141, 152 Sickle cell trait, 29 Spondyloarthropathies, 128–130 Silver nitrate instillation, for hematuria treatment, Spontaneous gangrene, 143 359, 361 Spontaneous vulvar dysesthesia, 287 Sincrondosys, 141 Sports hernia, 51 408 Index

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 62, 71–72 Testes Stanford Protocol, 229–232 abscess, 140, 143 Staph aureus, 386 angina, 137 Staph epidermidis, 386 cancers, 202 Staph sp., 386 cystic degeneration, 155 Staphylococci infection, 65 dislocation of, 145–146 Staphylococcus aureus, 370–372, 378, 381 infarction, 140, 151 Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, 99 leprosy, 143 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 381 malakoplaquia, 144 Staphylococcus saprophyticus, 100, 352, 356 microlithiasis, 155 STD-related arthritis, 129 paludism, 143 Steroid caudal block therapy, 113 prostheses, 389–390 Stones, and flank pain, 26–32 vasculitis, 151 Streptococci infection, 65 sites of breakup, 145–146 Stress, 216–217, 230 torsion of, 136, 140, 142–144, 148–150 disorders, 119 Testicular pain, 136–159, 212 hormones, 327 acute pain, 138, 142–145, 148–154 Selye’s model of, 215 after surgery, 140, 145–148 Substance P, 5 causes of, 140 Sulfamethoxazole, 185 chronic pain, 138–139, 143–148, 150–155 Suprahydration, 359–360 classification, 138, 142–155 Suprapubic bone anchor erosions, 369–370 definition, 137–138 Suprapubic pain, 40–41 drugs causes, 141 SureVue HSV-2, 81 dynias, 139–141 Surgery, testicular pain after, 140, 145–148 history, 136 Surgical intervention, for hematuria immunologic causes, 140–141, 150–152 treatment, 363 infectious causes, 140, 142–144 Surgilube, 59 musculoesquelectic causes, 141, 152–153 Suture granuloma, 203–204 neuroanatomy of scrotal content, 136–137 Sweet’s syndrome, 140, 152 neurologic causes, 141, 152–153 Sympathetic activation, 9 pharmacologic causes, 141, 152–153 Sympathetic nervous system, 6 subacute, 142 Synchondrosis, 152 syndrome, 139 Syphilis, 78–79, 83–84, 140 torsional causes, 140, 148–150 Syphilitic orchitis, 144 traumatic causes, 140, 145–148 Systemic amyloidosis, and hemorrhagic treatment options, 156–159 cystitis, 358 non-pharmacological, 158 Systemic dermatitis, 58 pharmacological, 156–158 Systemic diseases, angiokeratoma of, 69 surgical, 159 Systemic lupus erythematosis, 128 tumoral causes, 140, 142–145 Systemic rheumatic diseases, associated with vascular causes, 140–141, 150–152 lower genitourinary diseases, 128–130 Tetracycline, 65, 86, 103, 105, 189 Systemic vasculitis, 353 Tetramethylthiuram, 58 Therapeutic touch, 330 Tamsulosin, 187 Thiotepa, 356–357 Tegaserod, 124 Thrombocytopenia, 353 Tempormandibular joint dysfunction, 131 Thrombolytic therapy, 29 Tendinitis of insertion, 141, 152 Thrombophlebitis, 70 Tension headache, 131 of pampiniforme plexus, 140, 151 Tension myalgia, of pelvic floor, 153 Thyroid disorders, 12 Terazosin, 172, 187 Ticarcillin, 356 Terbinafine, 67 Tinea cruris, 66–67 Terconazole, 90 Tinidazole, 89 Tertracycline, 69 Toluidine, 356–357 Testalgy, 137 Tongue pain, 139 Index 409

Topiramate, 265 Turnbull-Cutait colo-anal pull through, 344, 348 Torsion TURP, 170, 172, 188 of appendix, 140, 149–150 of epididymitis, 148 Ulcerative colitis, 61 perinatal of spermatic cord, 149 Ulcers, fulguration of, 248–250 of testis, 136, 140, 142–144, 148–150 Unamplified nucleic acid hybridization test, 86–87 Torsional testicular pain, 140, 148–150 Unilateral scrotal pain, 41 Torulopsis glabrata, 356 Unintentional weight loss, 122 Traditional African Healing, 329 Ureaplasma spp., 182 Traditional Asian Medicine, 329 Ureaplasma urealyticum, 89, 97, 100, 103, Traditional Chinese Medicine, 329 129, 172 Tramadol, for treatment of pelvic pain, 322 Ureter flank pain, 21–23 Trans-Cutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator Ureteral stones, 26, 141 (TENS), 158 Ureteric stenosis, 353 Transanosphincteric, approach to RUF, 340 Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ), and Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS), 330 flank pain, 29–30 Transperineal repair, approach to RUF, 344 Urethra, 152, 239. See also Female urethra Transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT), 188 disorders Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA), 188 cuff erosion, 389 Trauma, 5, 60–63, 145–148 diverticulum, 238 to male genitalia, 61–63 obstruction, 154 Traumatic testicular pain, 140, 145–148 pain, 242 Traumatized tissue, 5 stenosis, 63, 278 Treponema infection, 65 stones, 154 Treponema pallidum, 79, 82–84, 144 stricture, 170, 188 particle agglutination (TP-PA) test, 84 , 275–279, 304. See also Triamcinolone, 44, 46, 52 Female urethra disorders Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), 91 Urethritis, 85–86, 128–129, 169, 276–277 Trichomonas, 260 Urethroplasty, 63 Trichomonas infection, 65 Urinary catheters Trichomonas vaginalis, 88, 183 bacteriuria, 378–379 Trichomoniasis, 78, 88–89 complications, 377–381 Trichophyton,66 funguria, 381 Trichophyton cruris,67 incidence for indwelling, 376–377 Trichophyton floccosum,67 mechanical problems, 377–378 Trichophyton mentagrophytes,67 prevention of complications, 381–383 Trichophyton rubrum,67 bacterial interference, 382–383 Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 123, 206, 246, biofilm disruption, 382 262, 278, 317, 319–320 symptomatic UTI, 380–381 for treatment of pelvic pain, 319–320 Urinary incontinence, 367 Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN), 318 Urinary stricture disease, 171 Trigger point release, 229–232, 305–306, 308 Urinary tract Trimethoprim, 157, 185 sources of flank pain, 21–32 Trimethoprim/sulfametho oxazole (TMZ/SMZ), innervation of kidney and ureter, 21–24 65, 97, 102, 157, 170 papillary necrosis, 29 Trypsin, 355 renal infarction, 29 Tryptanol®, 262 renal vein thrombosis, 29 Tryptizol®, 262 stones, 26–28 Tubulo institial, 130 tumors, 30–32 Tubuloinstititial nephritis, 130 ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 29–30 Tubulointerstitial nephritis, 353 Urinary tract infections (UTIs), 78, 98, 165–173, Tumoral testicular pain, 140, 144–145 175–176, 236, 375–376, 379–383 Tumors, 71, 144–145 in adults, 101 and flank pain, 30–32 definition, 98 Tumors necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), 155, 184 diagnosis, 100–102 410 Index

differential diagnosis, 101–102 dermatoses, 287 management, 102 erythema, 260 acute cystitis, 102 intraepithelial neoplasia, 260 asymptomatic bacteriuria, 104 pain, 9, 139, 242, 258–260, 264, 265, 26, catheter-related infections, 104 281–296 cystitis with pregnancy, 104 pain syndromes, 139, 258, 287 prophylaxis, 105 vestibulectomy technique, 268–269 prostatitis, 103 vestibulitis syndrome (VVS), 258, 281, 285, recurrent cystitis, 103 etiology and pathophysiology, 289 sexually transmitted infections, 103–104 psychological factors of, 291 urinary tract infection with renal failure, 105 psychosocial factors of, 291 pathogenesis, 99 Vulvodynia, 12, 39, 51, 137, 250, 284–296, 304, prevalence and risk factors, 98–99 328. See also Dyspareunia with renal failure, 103 clinical presentation, 260 selection of antimicrobial agents for treatment clinical severity levels of depression in, 290 of, 102 cognitive-affective symptoms in, 290 , 100 epidemiology, 258 urinary pathogenesis, 99–100 evaluation, 260–261 Urised, 246 injection therapy, 266–267 Urodynamics, 171, 180, 242, 277, 339 oral medications, 262–265 Urogenital infection, 167 pathophysiology, 259 physical therapy, 269 Vaginal dryness, 129–130 psychological aspects of, 282–283, 285 Vaginal pain, 242 psychological disturbance and, 284–292 Vaginal sicca symptoms, 130 risk factors, 258–259 Vaginismus, 260, 284 surgery, 268–269 Vaginitides, 89–90 terminology, 259–260 Vaginitis, 129 treatments, 261–269, 294–297 Valacyclovir, 81 anticonvulsant, 265 Valleix phenomenon, 42 dietary changes and dietary supplements, 262 Valsalva voiding, 308, 312 oral medications, 262–265 Varicocele, 70, 140, 151–152, 155, 159 tricyclic antidepressants, 264–265 Varicocelectomy, 159 vulvar care measures, 262 Vas aberrans, 149–150 tropical medications, 265–266 Vascular testicular pain, 140–141, 150–152 Vasectomies, 139, 201 Warm detection threshold (WDT), 42 Vasitis nodosa, 146 Wegener’s granulomatosis, 353 Vaso-epidymostomy, 159 Whitaker Test, 30 Vaso-vasostomy, 159 Wickham’s striae, 61 Vastitis nodosa, 203–204 Wind-up response, 8 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VRDL) Wise-Anderson Protocol, 229–232 test, 84 Wolffian remanent, 149–150 Venlafaxine, 320 Verrucous carcinoma, 70 Vestibular adenitis, 258, 287 Xerophthalmia, 130 Vestibulitis, 287 Xerostomia, 130 Vestibulodynia, 287, 288 Xylocaine®, 262 Viral-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, 353, 356, 358 Xylocaine® jelly, 278 Virus infections, 65 Xylocard®, 262 Visceral hyperalgesia concept, 117 Visceral pain, 4, 119, 123, 138 Yersinia, 129 Visceral pathology, 3–4 York-Mason repair, 340–343, 348 Vulva atrophy, 260 care measures, 262 Zostrix®, 262