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Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Alvinocarididae) Associated with Hydrothermal Vents on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean*

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Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Alvinocarididae) Associated with Hydrothermal Vents on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean* sm70n1109-2033 1/3/06 16:32 Página 109 SCI. MAR., 70 (1): 109-119 SCIENTIA MARINA 2006 A new species of Mirocaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Alvinocarididae) associated with hydrothermal vents on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean* TOMOYUKI KOMAI1, JOEL W. MARTIN2, KRISTA ZALA2, SHINJI TSUCHIDA3 and JUN HASHIMOTO4 1 Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 955-2 Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, U.S.A. 3 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan. 4 Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan. SUMMARY: Mirocaris indica, a new species of the caridean family Alvinocarididae, is described based on 17 specimens from hydrothermal vent fields on the Central Indian Ridge near the Rodriguez Triple Junction. The new species closely resembles the only known representative of Mirocaris, the Atlantic species M. fortunata (Martin and Christiansen). Shared major characters include the dorsoventrally flattened, unarmed rostrum, the presence of epipods on the third maxilliped through to the fourth pereopod with corresponding setobranchs on the first to fifth pereopods, and the lack of appendices internae on the third and fourth pleopods. However, the lack of submarginal rows of short to long stiff setae on the external surfaces of the fingers of the first chela distinguishes M. indica from M. fortunata, and may reflect a difference in feeding habit between the two species. Further, M. indica may attain a larger adult size than M. fortunata does. Key words: Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Alvinocarididae, Mirocaris, new species, Central Indian Ridge, hydrothermal vent. RESUMEN: UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE MIROCARIS (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: CARIDEA: ALVINOCARIDIDAE) ASOCIADA CON FUEN- TES HIDROTERMALES EN LA DORSAL CENTRAL ÍNDICA, OCÉANO ÍNDICO. – Mirocaris indica, una nueva especie de la família caridea Alvinocarididae, se describe basándose en 17 especímenes obtenidos en campos de fuentes hidrotermales de la Dorsal Central Índica cerca de la Triple Convergencia de Rodríguez. La nueva especie es muy parecida al único represen- tante de Mirocaris, la especie atlántica M. fortunata (Martin y Christiansen). Los principales caracteres compartidos inclu- yen el rostro inerme, aplanado dorsoventralmente, la presencia de epipodios en el tercer maxilípedo hasta el cuarto pereió- podo con correspondientes setobránquias en los pereiópodos primero a quinto, así como la falta de appendices internae en los pleópodos tercero y cuarto. La falta de filas submarginales de cortas a largas sedas rígidas sobre las superfícies externas de los dedos de la primera quela distinguen, no obstante, M. indica de M. fortunata, y pueden reflejar una diferencia en hábi- tos alimenticios entre las dos especies. Adicionalmente, M. indica alcanza una talla adulta superior a la de M. fortunata. Palabras clave: Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Alvinocarididae, Mirocaris, especie nueva, Dorsal Central Índica, fuentes hidrotermales. INTRODUCTION endemic to hydrothermal vents and cold seeps (e.g. Baba and Williams, 1998; Kikuchi and Hashimoto, Recent studies have rapidly increased our knowl- 2000; Takeda et al., 2000; Hayashi and Ohtomi, edge of the taxonomy of decapod crustaceans 2001; Guinot et al., 2002; Tsuchida and Hashimoto, 2002; Watabe and Hashimoto, 2002; Guinot and *Received December 12, 2004. Accepted July 22, 2005. Hurtado, 2003; Shank and Martin, 2003; Webber, NEW SPECIES OF MIROCARIS 109 sm70n1109-2033 1/3/06 16:32 Página 110 2004; Komai and Segonzac, 2003, 2004, 2005a, the active vent sites. Of these, six specimens were 2005b; Martin and Shank, 2005; Komai et al., in fixed and preserved in 99.5% ethanol, and the other press; reviewed by Martin and Haney, in press). two were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution and However, a number of newly discovered species, preserved in70 % ethanol in an on-board laboratory. particularly in the caridean family Alvinocarididae, An additional 15 specimens, sent by Tim Shank to remain undescribed (Shank et al., 1999; Webber, JWM and KZ at the Natural History Museum of Los 2004; Komai and Segonzac, 2005; Martin and Angeles County, were collected by the ROV Jason Haney, in press). In this paper, we describe a new (lowering number 302) in April 2001 from the species of the genus Mirocaris Vereshchaka, 1997, Edmond Vent Field (23°52.7’S, 69°35.8’E) at a based on 17 specimens from hydrothermal vent depth of 3,300 m; several specimens of Rimicaris fields on the Central Indian Ridge, where another were also collected during that lowering. alvinocaridid, Rimicaris kairei Watabe and The holotype is deposited in the collections of Hashimoto, 2002, has been described. the National Science Museum, Tokyo (NSMT). The Mirocaris was originally established for two taxa remaining specimens, including paratypes, are from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge by Vereshchaka housed in JAMSTEC (the Shinkai 6500 specimens) (1997): M. keldyshi Vereshchaka, 1997 (designated and in the Crustacea collections of the Natural as the type species of the genus), and Chorocaris History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM) fortunata Martin and Christiansen, 1995. In their (ROV Jason specimens). The specimen size is indi- recent review of the genus Mirocaris, Komai and cated by the postorbital carapace length (CL). Segonzac (2003) reduced M. keldyshi to a synonym Two specimens from the Edmond Vent Field, of M. fortunata and redefined the genus. Thus, prior used for SEM observation, were destroyed, and to this study there was only one known species of therefore they were not designated as paratypes. Mirocaris: the Atlantic M. fortunata (Martin and Christiansen, 1995). Mirocaris is characterized by the dorsoventrally SYSTEMATICS flattened, non-dentate rostrum and the possession of epipods on the third maxilliped through to the fourth Family ALVINOCARIDIDAE pereopod, with a corresponding setobranch on the Genus Mirocaris Vereshchaka, 1997 first to fifth pereopods. The new species is assigned Mirocaris indica sp. nov. to Mirocaris based on these features. Although it (Figs. 1–5) closely resembles M. fortunata, we confer full spe- Chorocaris sp. ? - Hashimoto et al., 2001: 721, Table 1. cific status for the Indian Ocean population because Chorocaris n. sp. - Van Dover et al., 2001: 820, Fig. 2E. of the presence of a constant morphological differ- Material examined: Central Indian Ridge, Kairei Field, DS ence in the setation of the chela of the first pereopod. “Shinkai 6500”, dive 6K#665, 25°19.2’S, 70°02.4’E, 2422 m, 24 February 2002. Holotype: female CL 13.0 mm, (NSMT-Cr 16260). Paratypes at JAMSTEC: same site as the holotype, DS “Shinkai 6500”, dive 6K#660: 1 male CL 8.1 mm (No. 47384); 1 female CL MATERIAL AND METHODS 8.3 mm (No. 47385); same data as the holotype: 1 male CL 5.4 mm (No. 47292); 1 male CL 6.8 mm (No. 47293); 1 male CL 4.6 mm (No. 47294); 1 female (No. 47295); 1 female CL 10.2 mm (No. Holotype and other paratypic specimens in the 56320). collection of JAMSTEC were collected during the Paratypes at LACM: Central Indian Ridge, Edmond Vent Field, 23o YK01-15 cruise from 2nd to 24th February 2002. 52.7 ‘S, 69o35.8’E, 3,300 m, R/V Knorr cruise KN 162-13, ROV Jason lowering number 302, 25 April 2001: 15 specimens, 2 of Ten dives of the submersible Shinkai 6500 were which were destroyed for SEM purposes. Remaining (intact) 13 conducted at the Kairei Field (25°19.2’S, specimens ranging in size from one juvenile (sex indeterminate) of CL 7.3 mm to large adults of CL 14.3 mm. Individual sizes (CL, in 70°02.4’E), at depths of 2420 to 2450 m, 22 km mm) of these are as follows: males: 8.2 (with carapace deformed), north of the Rodriguez Triple Junction. The collec- 9.0, 9.8 (with rostrum tip cracked but attached), 10.2; females: 9.2, 9.6 (with left part of carapace removed), 10.0, 11.7 (with section of tion site was an active vent field that included black carapace removed), 12.0, 12.6, 13.8, 14.3. These paratypes are smoker complexes with dense patches of vent-asso- housed together as LACM CR 2001-029.1. ciated animals, including Rimicaris kairei, Bathymodiolus mussel, Alviniconcha snail, Etymology: The specific name, indica, reflects Austinograea crab, and Marianactis anemone. Eight the general geographic environs of this new species, individuals of the present new species were captured only the second of the Alvinocarididae from the by the suction sampler loaded on the Shinkai 6500 at Indian Ocean to be described. 110 T.KOMAI et al. sm70n1109-2033 1/3/06 16:32 Página 111 FIG. 1. – Mirocaris indica sp. nov. Habitus, in lateral view. Holotype female (CL 13.0 mm; NSMT-Cr 16260). Scale = 5 mm. Description: Body (Fig. 1) moderately robust for somite, 1.4 times longer than proximal height; pos- alvinocaridids. Integument smooth, thin, but not terolateral process short, terminating in small acute membranous. tooth; posteroventral corner produced, terminating Rostrum (Fig. 2A, B) triangular, terminating sub- in blunt or subacute tooth. First abdominal sternite acutely or acutely in dorsal view, flattened with pair of small submedian spines, similar spines dorsoventrally, slightly overreaching antennal tooth, better developed and more strongly curved mesially directed forward; both dorsal and ventral surfaces on second and third sternites, less developed spines not dentate, dorsal surface convex with blunt medi- on fourth sternite; fifth sternite with distinct median an ridge. Carapace (Figs. 1, 2C) slightly compressed keel terminating posteriorly in acute spine; sixth laterally, with sparse short setae along midline sternite flattened, thin, transparent, with small pre- (including rostrum), occurring in greater density in anal spine. anterior part; cuticle surface with short vertical rows Telson (Fig.
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