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And Aerva Lanata (Linn.) Whole Plant and Fruit Part Extracts on Urine Volume of Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats

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And Aerva Lanata (Linn.) Whole Plant and Fruit Part Extracts on Urine Volume of Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(9) 1218-1223 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 9 (2014) pp. 1218-1223 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Effect of Scoparia dulcis (Linn.) and Aerva lanata (Linn.) whole plant and fruit part extracts on urine volume of ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in male albino rats P.Pandi Lakshmi1* and C.D.Lethi1 1Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding author A B S T R A C T The potential of two commonly used phytotherapeutic agents such as Scoparia K e y w o r d s dulcis (Linn.) and Aerva lanata (Linn.) in the management of urine volume has been studied in Ethylene glycol induced urolithiatic male albino rats. Oral feeding Scoparia of Ethylene glycol resulted in decreased urine volume. Administration with dulcis, aqueous extract of whole plant and fruit part of Scoparia dulcis and Aerva lanata Aerva lanata, gradually increased the urine volume. Comparatively animal group supplemented Urolithiasis, with fruit part of Scoparia dulcis in combination with Aerva lanata showed Ethylene significantly increased urine volume. This indicates that the fruit part of Scoparia glycol dulcis in combination with Aerva lanata is endowed with higher antiurolithiatic activity than others. Introduction Kidney stone is a ubiquitous disease In India, 12% of the population is expected afflicting mankind and it continuous to pose to have urinary stones, out of which 50% a universal health problem. It is a complex may end up with loss of kidneys or renal multifactorial disease resulting from an damage (Mohamed et al., 2009). interaction between environmental and genetic factors (Aggarwal et al., 2000). Currently surgical procedures and extra Nearly 4-15% of human populations are corporeal shock wave lithotripsy are suffering from urinary stone problem all commonly employed in the management of over the globe and 80% of them are men urinary stones. The major drawback of these between the ages of 20 and 50 years procedures is the recurrence of stones. A (Chauhan et al., 2008). Areas of high number of plant extracts and their incidence of urinary calculi include the derivatives are also used in its management British Isles, Scandinavian countries, (Pharmacognosy reviews, 2007). Northern Australia, Central Europe, Northern India, Pakistan and Mediterranean Scoparia dulcis belonging to the Family countries. Plantaginaceae is commonly known as 1218 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(9) 1218-1223 Bitter broom, broom weed and licorice being used as diuretic, antihelminthic, weed. It is an erect annual herb that grows to antidiabetic (Gupta and Neerai, 2004), for a height of 0.5 meters widely distributed in arresting haemorrhage during pregnancy, many tropical countries and is found burn healing, as an antiinflammatory, for abundance in South America and the head ache, skin disease, to dissolve kidney Amazon rain forest. In many areas, the herb and gall bladder stones (Yoga et al., 1979), is considered as an invasive weed. to treat nasal bleeding, cough, scorpion Indigenous people in Ecuador consume tea stings, fractures and spermatorrhoea of the entire plant to reduce swellings, aches (Sikarwar and Kaushik, 1993), in and pains. The indigenous tribes in rheumatism and bronchitis, as an Nicaragua use a hot water infusion or antimalarial drug and in snakebite (Sing and decoction of the leaves or the whole plant Sing, 1992; Bedi, 1978). The active for stomach pain, for menstrual disorder, as components present in Aerva lanata are an aid in child birth, as a blood purifier, for flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, insect bites, fever, heart problems, liver and alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, stomach disorders, malaria, sexually phenols and phytosterols are responsible for transmitted diseases and as a general tonic its pharmacological activities (Devi (The healing power of Rain forest herbs. Rajeswari et al., 2012). 2005). Extracts of the plant have been shown to have antihyperglycemic (Pari et In the present study, an effort has been made al., 2004), antioxidant (Latha et al., 2004 to exploit the antiurolithiatic property of and Coulibaly et al., 2011) and antimicrobial Scoparia dulcis and Aerva lanata whole activity (Zulfiker et al., 2011). Scoparinol, plant and fruit part extracts in the an isolate of the plant was shown to have management of urine volume of ethylene analgesic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory glycol induced rat model activity (Ahmed et al.,2001). Materials and Methods Aerva lanata belonging to the FamilyAmaranthaceae is commonly known Plant collection as mountain knotgrass. It is a woody, prostrate or succulent, perennial herb, 30-60 The plant Scoparia dulcis was collected cm in height, native to Asia, Africa, and from Trichur District, Kerala, India and Australia (Germplasm Resources Aerva lanata from Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Information Network (GRIN), 1987). It is Nadu, India. The identification of both the common throughout the hotter parts of plants was authenticated at Department of India. It is also found to be present in Sri Botany, Holy Cross, College, Lanka, Arabia, Egypt, tropical Africa, Java Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. The and Phillipines (Annie et al., 2004). It is one whole plant and fruit part of both the plants of the plants included in Dasapushpam, the were dried separately and were ground to ten sacred flowers of Kerala. This plant is get a coarse powder. used as food for people and animals. The whole plant, especially the leaves, is edible. Preparation of extract The leaves are put into soup or eaten as spinach or as a vegetable (Medicinal Plants Powder of whole plant and fruit part of Used For Snake Treatment, 2013). In the Scoparia dulcis and Aerva lanata (200 mg / traditional system of medicine, the plant is Kg of body weight) was suspended in 1219 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(9) 1218-1223 distilled water just prior to oral were collected on 60th day. Animals had free administration. access to drinking water during the urine collection period. A drop of concentrated Animal selection HCL was added to the urine being stored at 4°C. The volume of urine was measured Healthy adult male Wister albino rats using measuring cylinder. weighing between 150 and 200g were selected for the antiurolithiatic activity. The Statistical analysis animals were acclimatized to standard laboratory conditions. They were provided Results were expressed as mean ± SD. with regular rat chow and drinking water ad Significance among data were determined libitum and they were used as per the ethical using Two way ANOVA followed by committee recommendation. Duncan s post multiple comparison test (SPSS 20 Tool). Differences between the Ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis data were considered significant at P > 0.05. model Results and Discussion Animals were divided into eight groups containing six animals in each. Group I Administration of 1% Ethylene glycol served as control and received regular rat aqueous solution to male albino rats resulted food and drinking water ad libitum. in decreased volume of urine (Table 1, Ethylene glycol (1%) in drinking water was Group II) compared to that of control (Table fed to Group II, III, IV, V, VI and Group VII th 1, Group I and Fig. 1). Supplementation for induction of renal calculi till 60 day. with whole plant and fruit part extract of Group III received Scoparia dulcis whole Scoparia dulcis and Aerva lanata plant extract (200mg/kg body weight), significantly (P>0.05) increased the urine Group IV received Scoparia dulcis fruit volume (Table 1, Group III, IV, V and VI extract (200mg/kg body weight), Group V and Fig. 1). received Aerva lanata whole plant extract (200mg/kg body weight), Group VI received However, fruit part of Scoparia dulcis in Aerva lanata fruit extract (200mg/kg body combination with Aerva lanata more weight), Group VII received Scoparia dulcis significantly (P>0.05) increased the volume in combination with Aerva lanata fruit th of urine (Table 1, Group VII and Fig. 1). In extract from first day till 60 day (After 60 Group VIII (fruit part of Scoparia dulcis in days of Ethylene glycol induction) and combination with Aerva lanata control), Group VIII (Control without Ethylene the volume of urine was increased even than glycol induction) received Scoparia dulcis that of normal control. in combination with Aerva lanata fruit extract (200mg/kg body weight). All Ethylene glycol is a nephrolithiasis causing extracts were given once daily by oral route. agent, it would have caused urinary stone formation in rats. This finding is in Assessment of antiurolithiatic activity corroboration with many earlier research Collection of Urine evidences. Treatment with ethylene glycol (0.75%) for 14 days is reported to develop All animals were kept in individual renal calculi in young male albino rats metabolic cages and urine samples of 24 h (Selvam et al., 2001; Huang et al., 2002; 1220 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(9) 1218-1223 Atmani et al., 2003). The finding of a low inhibitor of calcium oxalate, calcium urine volume is one of the most common carbonate and calcium phosphate abnormalities detected on a 24-h urine mineralization. Sequestering of this metabolic evaluation (Porena et al., 2007). insoluble calcium salts by the fruit juice In urolithiasis, the glomerular fitration rate might be due to effective single and mixed decreases due to the obstruction to the ligand chelation by the hydroxyl acids outflow of urine by stone in urinary system present in them (Mohamed Farook et (Ghodkar, 1994). al.,2009). The results on the various tested groups Another important finding in our study is indicated that the treatment with whole plant that in Group VIII ((fruit part of Scoparia and fruit part extract of Scoparia dulcis and dulcis in combination with Aerva lanata Aerva lanata to rats with ethylene glycol control), the volume of urine was induced lithiasis increased the urine volume.
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