Political Structure, , and the Iroquois Confederacy What is Political Structure, or Government?

“The system by which any state is organized.”

 Government determines the policy of the state.

 Government is the means by which state policy is enforced. Types of Governments: Democracy

Definition Examples “Government in which all • United States of eligible citizens are meant America to participate equally.” • Sweden

• Canada • Direct • Germany • Representative

• Presidential • United Kingdom

• Parliamentary • Japan Types of Governments: Oligarchy

Definition Examples “Government in which • Burma (1988-2011) power effectively rests • Chile (1973-1990) with a small number of people.” • Egypt (2011-2012) • Thailand

• Aristocracy • Russian Federation

• Military Junta • United States of America? • Plutocracy Types of Governments: Theocracy

Definition Examples “Government in which a • Vatican City deity is officially • Iran recognized as the civil ruler and official policy is • Central Tibetan governed by officials Administration regarded as divinely guided, or is pursuant to the doctrine of a particular religious group.” Types of Governments: Monarchy

Definition Example “Government in which • Qatar sovereignty is actually or • Saudi Arabia nominally embodied in a single individual (the • Vatican City monarch).” • United Kingdom

• Spain • Absolute • Norway • Constitutional Types of Governments: Authoritarianism

Definition Examples “Government • Cuba under the Castros characterized by absolute • Cambodia under the or blind obedience to Khmer Rouge authority, and the expectation of • Saudi Arabia under the unquestioned House of Saud obedience.” • Venezuela under Hugo Chavez

• Traditional

• Bureaucratic/Military Types of Government: Totalitarianism

Definition Examples “Government in which the • Nazi Germany state holds total authority • Soviet Union over society and seeks to control all aspects of • North Korea under the public and private life Kims wherever possible.” Other Political Structures

Territorial Empire Hegemonic Empire “A geographically extensive group of “Indirect form of government, and of states and people united and ruled by a imperial dominance, in which the central authority, through direct conquest hegemon (leader state) rules subordinate and control by force—coercive.” states by the implied means of power— threat of force—rather than by direct military force.”

• Mongol Empire

• Austro-Hungarian Empire • British Empire • United States? Other Political Structures

Unitary State Examples “A state governed as •Japan one single unit in which •Saudi Arabia the central government is supreme and any •Spain subnational units •Haiti exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate.” Other Political Structures

Federation Confederation “A political entity “A union of political units characterized by a union for common action in of partially self-governing relation to other units.” states or regions under a central government.”

• European Union

• United States • Iroquois League • India • Mexico Who are the Iroquois, 1142 or 1451?

 Who are the Iroquois?

 Five Nations: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca

 Archaeological Evidence

 Traditional Culture

 Agricultural Society

 Matrilineal

 Conquerors

 Weapons

 Assimilation Important Figures and Events

 Formation of the League

 Deganawidah “Peacemaker”

 Hiawatha

 Great Law of Peace

 Todadaho Decline of the Iroquois

 The American Revolution

 Proximity

 Economic Adaptations

 Disunity Iroquois Confederation

 Political Organization

 Fifty Clan Chiefs

 Three Principles

 Influence? Who are the Ethiopians (Abyssinia)?

, Important Figures and Events

 Yekuno Amlak, 1270-1285  Amda Seyon I, 1314-1344  Rebellion of Haqq ad-Din I Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty

 Revolution

Haile Selassie, last Emperor of the Solomonic Dynasty of Ethiopia Classify Ethiopia

 What types of political structures are represented by this government?

 What elements do you think most influenced the Ethiopian kings?