DOCSLIB.ORG

Industries and Global Competition; a History of Business Beyond

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Industries and Global Competition Changes in the dynamics of economic activities since the last decades of the 20th century have yielded major changes in the composition of indus- tries and in the division of labor and production across different regions of the world. Despite these shifts in the global economy, some industries have remained competitive even without relocating their operations overseas. Industries and Global Competition examines how and why the specifici- ties of certain industries and firms determined their choice of location and competitiveness. This volume identifies the major drivers of this process and explains why some firms and industries moved to other parts of the world while others did not. Relocation was not the sole determinant of the suc- cess or failure of firms and industries. Indeed, some were able to reinvent themselves at their original location and build new competitive advantages. The path that each industry or firm took varied. This book argues that the specific characteristics of each industry defined the conditions of competi- tiveness and provides a wide range of cases as illustrations. Aimed at scholars, researchers and academics in the fields of business his- tory, international business and related disciplines, Industries and Global Competition examines the unique questions: How and why did the speci- ficities of certain industries and firms determine their choice of location and competitiveness? Bram Bouwens is an Assistant Professor at Utrecht University, Netherlands. Pierre-Yves Donzé is a Professor at the Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University, Japan. Takafumi Kurosawa is a Professor at the Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University, Japan. Routledge International Studies in Business History Series editors: Jeffrey Fear and Christina Lubinski For a full list of titles in this series, please visit www.routledge.com 30 The International Aluminium Cartel, 1886–1978 The Business and Politics of a Cooperative Industrial Institution Marco Bertilorenzi 31 Cotton Enterprises: Network and Strategies Lombardy in the Industrial Revolution 1815–1860 Silvia A. Conca Messina 32 Equity Capital From Ancient Partnerships to Modern Exchange Traded Funds Geoffrey Poitras 33 Foundations of Managing Sporting Events Organizing the 1966 FIFA World Cup Kevin D. Tennent and Alex G. Gillett 34 The Impact of the First World War on International Business Edited by Andrew Smith, Simon Mollan, and Kevin D. Tennent 35 The Rise and Fall of the Italian Film Industry Marina Nicoli 36 Foundations of Scenario Planning The Story of Pierre Wack Thomas J. Chermack 37 World Market Transformation Inside the German Fur Capital Leipzig 1870–1939 Robrecht Declercq 38 Industries and Global Competition A History of Business Beyond Borders Bram Bouwens, Pierre-Yves Donzé, and Takafumi Kurosawa Industries and Global Competition A History of Business Beyond Borders Edited by Bram Bouwens, Pierre-Yves Donzé and Takafumi Kurosawa First published 2018 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 Taylor & Francis The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. With the exception of Introduction, no part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Introduction of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bouwens, A. M. C. M., editor. | Donzâe, Pierre-Yves, editor. | Kurosawa, Takafumi, editor. Title: Industries and global competition : a history of business beyond borders / edited by Bram Bouwens, Pierre-Yves Donzâe and Takafumi Kurosawa. Description: New York : Routledge, 2017. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017020386 | ISBN 9781138680524 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315563909 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Industries. | Competition, International. | International business enterprises. | International trade. Classification: LCC HD2328 .I529 2017 | DDC 338.8/8—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017020386 ISBN: 978-1-138-68052-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-56390-9 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables ix About the Contributors xi Acknowledgements xv Introduction: Industry History: Its Concepts and Methods 1 TAKAFUMI KUROSAWA PART I FDI and Global Competition 25 1 Advantage of Being a Giant: The Global Cigarette Industry Since the 1980s 27 TAKASHI HIRAO 2 Access to Markets, Investment, Continentalization and Competitiveness: The Evolution of the Canadian Auto Sector 47 DIMITRY ANASTAKIS 3 Different Ways to the Global Market: The Dynamics of Japan’s Electrical Equipment Companies 69 SHIGEHIRO NISHIMURA 4 Exploring the Rise of Big Pharma: A French-Inspired Model for the Global Vaccine Industry 91 JULIA YONGUE vi Contents PART II Localized Knowledge as a Lasting Competitive Advantage 111 5 Longevity in Regional Specialization: The Dutch Water Construction Industry 113 BRAM BOUWENS 6 Going Global in Fragmented Markets: The European Publishing Industry Since the Second Postwar Period 131 NURIA PUIG AND MARÍA FERNÁNDEZ-MOYA 7 Small, Hidden and Competitive: The Japanese Chemical Industry Since 1980 153 SO HIRANO PART III Shift in Global Value Chains 173 8 Sourcing Competition across Industries: Japanese Department Stores and Global Fast Fashion 175 RIKA FUJIOKA 9 “Swiss Made” but Global: From Technology to Fashion in the Watch Industry, 1950–2010 195 PIERRE-YVES DONZÉ 10 How to Sail a Sinking Ship: Adapting to the Declining Competitiveness of the European Shipping Industry 215 STIG TENOLD AND JARI OJALA 11 Three Markets and Three Types of Competitiveness: Pulp and Paper Industry 235 TAKAFUMI KUROSAWA AND TOMOKO HASHINO Conclusion 261 BRAM BOUWENS AND PIERRE-YVES DONZÉ Index 267 Figures 0.1 Triangle of Viewpoints: Industry-Firm-Location 12 1.1 Japan Tobacco’s Finances 34 1.2 Profit per Cigarette 36 1.3 Japanese Cigarette Exports 38 1.4 World’s Top 20 Cigarette Brands (2008) 41 2.1 The Canadian Automotive Industry 49 3.1 Production of Steam and Gas Turbines in Japan 82 4.1 Market Share of Major Vaccine Producers, 2008 98 5.1 Fleet Size of Six Leading Dutch Dredging Companies, 1941–1971 120 5.2 National and International Dredging Production of Dutch Companies, 1985–2000 124 7.1 Japanese Companies’ Share of the Electric Materials Market (2011) 159 7.2 The Process of Achieving Competitiveness 161 8.1 Exports of Textile, 1980–2014 (millions of US dollars) 178 8.2 Export of Clothing, 1980–2014 (millions of US dollars) 178 9.1 Production and Export of Watches and Clocks, in Millions of USD, 1950–2010 197 10.1 World Fleet by Flag, 1950–2015 (Per Cent Share of World Tonnage) 218 10.2 World Production—the Long-term Shift (Per Cent of World GDP) 223 10.3 World Dry Cargo Seaborne Imports—the Recent Shift, Million Tonnes 224 Tables 0.1 Geographical and Sectoral Distribution of the World’s Top 500 Companies (Fortune Global 500) in 1990 16 0.2 Geographical and Sectoral Distribution of the World’s Top 500 Companies (Fortune Global 500) in 2015 18 1.1 Three-pronged Investments of the Big Three 39 2.1 Top 10 World Automotive Production in 1999 (Cars and Trucks) 48 2.2 Some Early Producers in Canada 52 2.3 Canada Auto Exports and Imports, 1904–1940 55 2.4 Evolution of the Canadian Automotive Industry 57 3.1 Net Installed Capacity of Electric Power Plants 70 3.2 Heavy Electrical Equipment Market Share by Value 72 3.3 Export of Gas Turbines 73 3.4 Export of Steam Turbines 74 3.5 Gas Turbine Technology Introduction 79 3.6 Production, Exports, and Imports of Steam and Gas Turbines (Japan) 83 3.7 Export Ratio of Land and Marine Gas Turbines (Japan) 84 4.1 Domestic Vaccine Manufacturers Operating in Japan in 2008 103 5.1 Home Town of Dredging Firms Working on Improvements of the River Waal, 1830–1912 115 5.2 World’s Largest Dredging Companies in 1979 122 6.1 Leading Publishing Countries, by Number of Book Titles (1950–1973) 135 6.2 Book Production by Number of Titles per Million Inhabitants (1955–1977) 136 7.1 The World’s 30 Leading Chemical Companies 156 7.2 Exports and Imports of Chemical Goods in Million Yen (FY 2013) 158 9.1 World’s 20 Largest Watch Companies, 2012 198 9.2 World Production of Watches and Watch Movements, Millions of Units and %, 1950–1959 200 10.1 Revenues and Cost Structure in Shipping 221 x Tables 10.2 European Advantages before the ‘Globalization’ of Shipping Supply 222 10.3 Market Structure after the ‘Globalization’ of Shipping Supply 225 10.4 Shipping Top 15—by Registry and Control (dwt) 2015 228 10.5 Subsequent Development of the Largest European Shipping Nations in 1970 229 11.1 Production, Consumption and Trade of Paper, Pulp and Wasted Paper (World’s Top 20 Paper Producing Nations in 2013) 237 11.2 Global Top 20 Firms in the Paper and Pulp Industry (2013) 241 11.3 Pulp and Paper Production Ratio: Index of Pulp Production of Ten of the World’s Largest Paper Producers, When Paper and Paperboard Production Is Taken to Be 100 249 About the Contributors Dimitry Anastakis is a professor of history at Trent University.
Recommended publications
  • Japan Tobacco to Take Over JTI (Malaysia)

    Japan Tobacco to Take Over JTI (Malaysia)

    Volume 32 Strictly For Internal Use Only April 2014 ASEAN: Updates on OTP - Bans and Regulations While we have been focusing on cigarettes, but what about Other Tobacco Products (OTP)? Some examples of OTP are smokeless tobacco, roll-your-own and cigarillos. In the Philippines, the law requires health warning on OTP, which is considered similar to cigarettes; there is an advertising ban on OTP in mass media while advertising at POS is permitted. In Cambodia, OTP is covered under the Sub-Decree No. 35 on the Measures to Ban Advertising of Tobacco Products in 2011. In Thailand, the TC law states any tobacco product coming from Nicotiana Tabaccum needs to be treated as same as cigarette, and OTP is included. For Vietnam, OTP is banned as stated in Article 9, Vietnam Tobacco Law which strictly prohibited advertising and promotion of tobacco products. In Lao PDR, OTP is covered by TC law as same as all type of cigarettes but there is no tax charge for OTP. With strong regulation on cigarettes, people may switch to OTP. According to regulations on OTP, countries consider them as harmful products that need to be banned. However, information on OTP is still lacking and it could result in escaping enforcement. The MAC Network is not limited to cigarettes only but includes OTP. Please share more information on OTP on SIS MAC Network Facebook for effective counteraction against all tobacco products. Malaysia: Japan Tobacco to take over JTI (Malaysia) April 1, (Free Malaysia Today) JT International (Malaysia), which makes Camel and Salem cigarettes, has received a takeover offer of RM808.4 million from Japan Tobacco to buy the remaining 39.63% or 103.549 million shares.
  • Tobacco Deal Sealed Prior to Global Finance Market Going up in Smoke

    Tobacco Deal Sealed Prior to Global Finance Market Going up in Smoke

    marketwatch KEY DEALS Tobacco deal sealed prior to global finance market going up in smoke The global credit crunch which so rocked £5.4bn bridging loan with ABN Amro, Morgan deal. “It had become an auction involving one or Iinternational capital markets this summer Stanley, Citigroup and Lehman Brothers. more possible white knights,” he said. is likely to lead to a long tail of negotiated and In addition it is rescheduling £9.2bn of debt – Elliott said the deal would be part-funded by renegotiated deals and debt issues long into both its existing commitments and that sitting on a large-scale disposal of Rio Tinto assets worth the autumn. the balance sheet of Altadis – through a new as much as $10bn. Rio’s diamonds, gold and But the manifestation of a bad bout of the facility to be arranged by Citigroup, Royal Bank of industrial minerals businesses are now wobbles was preceded by some of the Scotland, Lehmans, Barclays and Banco Santander. reckoned to be favourites to be sold. megadeals that the equity market had been Finance Director Bob Dyrbus said: Financing the deal will be new underwritten expecting for much of the last two years. “Refinancing of the facilities is the start of a facilities provided by Royal Bank of Scotland, One such long awaited deal was the e16.2bn process that is not expected to complete until the Deutsche Bank, Credit Suisse and Société takeover of Altadis by Imperial Tobacco. first quarter of the next financial year. Générale, while Deutsche and CIBC are acting as Strategically the Imps acquisition of Altadis “Imperial Tobacco only does deals that can principal advisors on the deal with the help of has been seen as the must-do in a global generate great returns for our shareholders and Credit Suisse and Rothschild.
  • Tobacco Labelling -.:: GEOCITIES.Ws

    Tobacco Labelling -.:: GEOCITIES.Ws

    Council Directive 89/622/EC concerning the labelling of tobacco products, as amended TAR AND NICOTINE CONTENTS OF THE CIGARETTES SOLD ON THE EUROPEAN MARKET AUSTRIA Brand Tar Yield Nicotine Yield Mg. Mg. List 1 A3 14.0 0.8 A3 Filter 11.0 0.6 Belvedere 11.0 0.8 Camel Filters 14.0 1.1 Camel Filters 100 13.0 1.1 Camel Lights 8.0 0.7 Casablanca 6.0 0.6 Casablanca Ultra 2.0 0.2 Corso 4.0 0.4 Da Capo 9.0 0.4 Dames 9.0 0.6 Dames Filter Box 9.0 0.6 Ernte 23 13.0 0.8 Falk 5.0 0.4 Flirt 14.0 0.9 Flirt Filter 11.0 0.6 Golden Smart 12.0 0.8 HB 13.0 0.9 HB 100 14.0 1.0 Hobby 11.0 0.8 Hobby Box 11.0 0.8 Hobby Extra 11.0 0.8 Johnny Filter 11.0 0.9 Jonny 14.0 1.0 Kent 10.0 0.8 Kim 8.0 0.6 Kim Superlights 4.0 0.4 Lord Extra 8.0 0.6 Lucky Strike 13.0 1.0 Lucky Strike Lights 9.0 0.7 Marlboro 13.0 0.9 Marlboro 100 14.0 1.0 Marlboro Lights 7.0 0.6 Malboro Medium 9.0 0.7 Maverick 11.0 0.8 Memphis Classic 11.0 0.8 Memphis Blue 12.0 0.8 Memphis International 13.0 1.0 Memphis International 100 14.0 1.0 Memphis Lights 7.0 0.6 Memphis Lights 100 9.0 0.7 Memphis Medium 9.0 0.6 Memphis Menthol 7.0 0.5 Men 11.0 0.9 Men Light 5.0 0.5 Milde Sorte 8.0 0.5 Milde Sorte 1 1.0 0.1 Milde Sorte 100 9.0 0.5 Milde Sorte Super 6.0 0.3 Milde Sorte Ultra 4.0 0.4 Parisienne Mild 8.0 0.7 Parisienne Super 11.0 0.9 Peter Stuyvesant 12.0 0.8 Philip Morris Super Lights 4.0 0.4 Ronson 13.0 1.1 Smart Export 10.0 0.8 Treff 14.0 0.9 Trend 5.0 0.2 Trussardi Light 100 6.0 0.5 United E 12.0 0.9 Winston 13.0 0.9 York 9.0 0.7 List 2 Auslese de luxe 1.0 0.1 Benson & Hedges 12.0 1.0 Camel 15.0 1.0
  • Current Status of the Reduced Propensity Ignition Cigarette Program in Hawaii

    Current Status of the Reduced Propensity Ignition Cigarette Program in Hawaii

    Hawaii State Fire Council Current Status of the Reduced Propensity Ignition Cigarette Program in Hawaii Submitted to The Twenty-Eighth State Legislature Regular Session June 2015 2014 Reduced Ignition Propensity Cigarette Report to the Hawaii State Legislature Table of Contents Executive Summary .…………………………………………………………………….... 4 Purpose ..………………………………………………………………………....................4 Mission of the State Fire Council………………………………………………………......4 Smoking-Material Fire Facts……………………………………………………….............5 Reduced Ignition Propensity Cigarettes (RIPC) Defined……………………………......6 RIPC Regulatory History…………………………………………………………………….7 RIPC Review for Hawaii…………………………………………………………………….9 RIPC Accomplishments in Hawaii (January 1 to June 30, 2014)……………………..10 RIPC Future Considerations……………………………………………………………....14 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….............15 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………17 Appendices Appendix A: All Cigarette Fires (State of Hawaii) with Property and Contents Loss Related to Cigarettes 2003 to 2013………………………………………………………18 Appendix B: Building Fires Caused by Cigarettes (State of Hawaii) with Property and Contents Loss 2003 to 2013………………………………………………………………19 Appendix C: Cigarette Related Building Fires 2003 to 2013…………………………..20 Appendix D: Injuries/Fatalities Due To Cigarette Fire 2003 to 2013 ………………....21 Appendix E: HRS 132C……………………………………………………………...........22 Appendix F: Estimated RIPC Budget 2014-2016………………………………...........32 Appendix G: List of RIPC Brands Being Sold in Hawaii………………………………..33 2 2014
  • 1 CO-OPERATION AGREEMENT Dated As of 27 September 2010

    1 CO-OPERATION AGREEMENT Dated As of 27 September 2010

    CO-OPERATION AGREEMENT dated as of 27 September 2010 among IMPERIAL TOBACCO LIMITED AND THE EUROPEAN UNION REPRESENTED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION AND EACH MEMBER STATE LISTED ON THE SIGNATURE PAGES HERETO 1 ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS Section 1.1. Definitions........................................................................................... 7 ARTICLE 2 ITL’S SALES AND DISTRIBUTION COMPLIANCE PRACTICES Section 2.1. ITL Policies and Code of Conduct.................................................... 12 Section 2.2. Certification of Compliance.............................................................. 12 Section 2.3 Acquisition of Other Tobacco Companies and New Manufacturing Facilities. .......................................................................................... 14 Section 2.4 Subsequent changes to Affiliates of ITL............................................ 14 ARTICLE 3 ANTI-CONTRABAND AND ANTI-COUNTERFEIT INITIATIVES Section 3.1. Anti-Contraband and Anti-Counterfeit Initiatives............................ 14 Section 3.2. Support for Anti-Contraband and Anti-Counterfeit Initiatives......... 14 ARTICLE 4 PAYMENTS TO SUPPORT THE ANTI-CONTRABAND AND ANTI-COUNTERFEIT COOPERATION ARTICLE 5 NOTIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF CONTRABAND AND COUNTERFEIT SEIZURES Section 5.1. Notice of Seizure. .............................................................................. 15 Section 5.2. Inspection of Seizures. ...................................................................... 16 Section 5.3. Determination of Seizures................................................................
  • Imperial Tobacco Group Plc Interim Management Statement for the Nine Months Ended 30 June 2015

    Imperial Tobacco Group Plc Interim Management Statement for the Nine Months Ended 30 June 2015

    IMPERIAL TOBACCO GROUP PLC INTERIM MANAGEMENT STATEMENT FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2015 STRATEGIC PROGRESS CONTINUES – ON TRACK FOR FULL YEAR Strengthening our Portfolio • Excellent results from Growth Brands; underlying net revenue, underlying volume and market share up 14 per cent, 10 per cent and 100 bps respectively • Continued success of brand migrations; 13 complete (8 in FY15), 21 ongoing; high level of consumer retention • Growth and Specialist Brands proportion of reported tobacco net revenue up 580 bps to 59 per cent Developing our Footprint • Continued progress in Growth Markets: underlying net revenue down 1 per cent; up 3 per cent ex Iraq • Improving underlying net revenue growth of 1 per cent in Returns Markets • Total underlying net revenue flat and volumes down 6 per cent (net revenue up 1 per cent and volumes down 4 per cent ex Iraq) • Acquisition of US assets completed; ITG Brands fully operational and integration progressing to plan Cost Optimisation • Focus on complexity reduction, improved ways of working and cost efficiencies ongoing • Cost optimisation programme remains on track to deliver £85 million savings in FY15 Capital Discipline • Expect cash conversion of c.90 per cent for the full year with consistent focus on managing working capital • Continuing commitment to ongoing debt reduction • On track to deliver dividend growth of 10 per cent for the full year Overview 9 months to 30 June Change Constant 2015 2014 Actual Currency1 Underlying2 Growth Brands volume bn SE 105.4 91.7 +15% - +10% Tobacco net revenue3 £m 4,435 4,632 R -4% +2% 0% Total Tobacco volume3 bn SE 207.4 213.3 -3% - -6% 1 Change at constant currency removes the effect of exchange rate movements on the translation of the results of our overseas operations.
  • “Mevius Mode 6 100'S” and “Mevius Mode 3 100'S”

    “Mevius Mode 6 100'S” and “Mevius Mode 3 100'S”

    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Tokyo, April 21, 2015 Black Mevius Richer flavor through a lavish blend. Reduced smoke smell. “Mevius Mode 6 100’s” and “Mevius Mode 3 100’s” To be rolled out across Japan in early June, 2015 Japan Tobacco Inc. (JT) (TSE: 2914) has announced two new additions to the Mevius Mode series, which incorporates LSS* technology. “Mevius Mode 6 100’s” and “Mevius Mode 3 100’s” are to be rolled out across Japan in early June. A richer flavor through a lavish blend, and reduced smoke smell as well “Mevius Mode 6 100’s” and “Mevius Mode 3 100’s” The Mevius Mode Series products, which retain the smooth and clear flavor of Mevius and incorporate JT’s LSS technology, have been very well received by consumers. Now JT is launching “Mevius Mode 6 100’s” and “Mevius Mode 3 100’s”, in addition to the popular rich flavor “Mevius Mode One 100’s” launched in 2011. Thanks to a lavish blend, consumers can enjoy a richer flavor than that of the regular Mevius series. Employing the FSK size (approx.100 mm) instead of the FK one (approx. 85 mm) provides not just longer smoking experience, but also more satisfaction with each cigarette. In addition, the new products also incorporate LSS technology. The packages will feature the streamline motif of Mevius with vibrant blue and orange gradations on a black background. Furthermore, the sense of premium stylishness of the packages is enhanced by creating a special texture, which is achieved by ingenious use of gloss colors.
  • Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance

    Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance

    Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a biological mechanism whereby a microorganism evolves over time to develop the ability to become resistant to antimicrobial therapies such as antibiotics. The drivers of and poten- tial solutions to AMR are complex, often spanning multiple sectors. The internationally recognized response to AMR advocates for a ‘One Health’ approach, which requires policies to be developed and implemented across human, animal, and environmental health. To date, misaligned economic incentives have slowed the development of novel antimicrobials and lim- ited efforts to reduce antimicrobial usage. However, the research which underpins the variety of policy options to tackle AMR is rapidly evolving across multiple disciplines such as human medicine, veterinary medicine, agricultural sciences, epidemiology, economics, sociology and psychology. By bringing together in one place the latest evidence and analysing the different facets of the complex problem of tackling AMR, this book offers an accessible summary for policy-makers, academics and students on the big questions around AMR policy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core. Michael anderson is a Research Officer in Health Policy at the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, and a Medical Doctor undertaking General Practice specialty training. Michele cecchini is a Senior Health Economist, Health Division, in the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. elias Mossialos is Brian Abel-Smith Professor of Health Policy, Head of the Department of Health Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Co-Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems.
  • A TOBACCO-FREE SLOVENIA with the Help of Ngos

    A TOBACCO-FREE SLOVENIA with the Help of Ngos

    A TOBACCO-FREE SLOVENIA with the help of NGOs 1 Slovenian Coalition for Public Health, Environment and Tobacco Control-SCTC October 2019 A TOBACCO-FREE SLOVENIA with the help of NGOs Slovenian Coalition For Public Health, Environment and Tobacco Control October 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: And yet we’re smoking less ................................................................................................................... 3 A few facts Smoking and its consequences in Slovenia .................................................................................................................. 5 Toxins in cigarettes ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Electronic cigarettes ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Herbal cigarettes ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 Tobacco industry revenues ........................................................................................................................................... 9 WHO Framework Convention ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Slovenian legislation...................................................................................................................................................
  • Imperial Tobacco Finance

    Imperial Tobacco Finance

    Prospectus Imperial Tobacco Finance PLC A9.4.1.1 (Incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales with registered number 03214426) A9.4.1.2 Imperial Tobacco Finance France SAS (A société par actions simplifiée incorporated in France) €15,000,000,000 Debt Issuance Programme Irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed by Imperial Tobacco Group PLC A9.4.1.1 (Incorporated with limited liability in England and Wales with registered number 03236483) A9.4.1.2 This Prospectus amends, restates and supersedes the offering circular dated 21st February 2014. Any Notes issued after the date hereof under the Debt Issuance Programme described in this Prospectus (the “Programme”) are issued subject to the provisions set out herein. This Prospectus will not be effective in respect of any Notes issued under the Programme prior to the date hereof. Under the Programme, Imperial Tobacco Finance PLC (“Imperial Finance” or an “Issuer”) and Imperial Tobacco Finance France SAS A6.1 (“Imperial Finance France” or an “Issuer” and together with Imperial Finance “the Issuers”), subject to compliance with all relevant laws, regulations and directives, may from time to time issue debt securities (the “Notes”) guaranteed by Imperial Tobacco Group PLC (“Imperial Tobacco” or the “Guarantor”) and Imperial Tobacco Limited (“ITL”). Please see the Trust Deed dated 6th February 2015 (the “Trust Deed”) which is available for viewing by Noteholders as described on page 124 for further details about the Imperial Tobacco guarantee and page 98 for further details regarding the ITL guarantee. The aggregate nominal amount of Notes outstanding will not at any time exceed €15,000,000,000 (or the equivalent in other currencies).
  • The New “Mevius Premium Menthol Option Red” Line to Be Launched Nationwide in Late August 2016

    The New “Mevius Premium Menthol Option Red” Line to Be Launched Nationwide in Late August 2016

    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE June 20, 2016 100% Natural Menthol × New Aroma-Changing Capsule The new “Mevius Premium Menthol Option Red” line to be launched nationwide in late August 2016 Tokyo, June 20, 2016 --- Japan Tobacco Inc. (JT) (TSE: 2914) has announced the nationwide launch of three new products from Mevius in late August: “Mevius Premium Menthol Option Red 8”, “Mevius Premium Menthol Option Red 5” and “Mevius Premium Menthol Option Red One 100’s”. With the celebration of its third anniversary in 2016, JT is strengthening the Mevius products and services, and accelerating the brand evolution to deliver the feel of “Ever Evolving, Ever Surprising.” to consumers. Following the upgrade of sixteen standard Mevius products and the launch of “Mevius Option Rich Plus” line, Mevius is releasing a completely new menthol line “Mevius Premium Menthol Option Red”. 100% Natural Menthol × New Aroma-Changing Capsule Launch of three new menthol products Since the name change from Mild Seven to Mevius, JT has been developing Mevius Premium Menthol products featuring its “100 percent Natural Menthol”1 proposition. “Mevius Premium Menthol” line offers consumers pure refreshing sensation delivered by 100 percent Natural Menthol, while “Mevius Premium Menthol Option” 2 and “Mevius Premium Menthol Option Yellow”3 lines allow consumers to enjoy flavoured menthol, by crushing the aroma-changing capsule. All of these products so far have been very well received by our consumers. To meet diversified needs of adult smokers, JT is launching three new “Mevius Premium Menthol Option Red” products with a new aroma-changing capsule developed by JT. Before crushing the capsule consumers will enjoy pure refreshing coolness through 100 percent Natural Menthol, which is unique to all Mevius Premium Menthol lines.
  • 6.-Market-Brief-Cigarette-HS-2402

    6.-Market-Brief-Cigarette-HS-2402

    RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF Jepang berada di urutan ke-33 sebagai negara yang mengkonsumsi sigaret terbanyak di dunia. Berdasarkan Tobacco Atlas, setiap orang (usia di atas 15 tahun) mengkonsumsi 1.583,2 batang sigaret per tahun di tahun 2016, sementara orang Indonesia mengkonsumsi 1.675,5 batang sigaret per tahunnya. Selain itu, Jepang merupakan negara terbesar dan menduduki peringkat pertama sebagai negara pengimpor produk sigaret dunia (HS 2402) dengan pangsa 9,2% terhadap total impor sigaret dunia di tahun 2017. Tingginya konsumsi dan impor produk sigaret di Jepang tersebut menjadikan Jepang sebagai negara potensial tujuan ekspor yang dapat dikembangkan bagi produk sigaret Indonesia dengan kode HS 2402. Produk sigaret dengan kode HS 2402 yang banyak diimpor terkonsentrasi pada 2 (dua) jenis yaitu sigaret yang masuk ke dalam kode HS 240220 dan cerutu yang masuk ke dalam kode HS 240210. Penjualan sigaret di pasar domestik Jepang mencatat penurunan yang signifikan di tahun 2017 baik secara volume maupun nilai masing-masing sebesar - 12,9% dan -11,7%, namun demikian selama lima tahun terakhir, penjualan sigaret baik secara volume dan nilai masing-masing hanya turun sebesar -5,2% dan -4,0%. Di sisi lain, penjualan cerutu justru mengalami peningkatan baik secara volume dan nilai masing-masing sebesar 3,1% dan 2,6% serta memiliki pertumbuhan positif selama lima tahun terakhir masing-masing sebesar 3,4% dan 3,6%. Dalam lima tahun ke depan hingga tahun 2022, penjualan sigaret (HS 240220) di Jepang diprediksi akan tetap mengalami penurunan sebesar -9,3% (2017-2022 CAGR) sebaliknya penjualan cerutu (HS 240210) diprediksi tetap tumbuh positif selama lima tahun ke depan sebesar 1,3% (2017-2022 CAGR).