DOCSLIB.ORG

Handbook of WMA Policies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Handbook of WMA Policies Handbook of WMA Policies The World Medical Association, Inc. Version History © The World Medical Association, Inc. Version 2010, Vancouver; Printed in March 2011 Version 2011, Montevideo; Printed in December 2011 • Replacements Code Short Title D-2000-01-2010 by Prison Conditions on TB (amended in 2011) D-2000-01-2011 S-1988-01-2005 by Correction of misclassified document type R-1988-01-2005 S-1988-05-2007 by Tobacco Products Health Hazards (amended in 2011) S-1988-05-2011 S-1996-05-2006 Replacement due to typo in the footer S-1997-01-2007 Correction (in 2007 it was reaffirmed, not amended) S-1997-02-2007 Correction of typo in the header nd • Additions of the policies newly adopted by the 62 WMA General Assembly, Montevideo, Uruguay, October 2011 D-2011-01-2011 Disaster Preparedness D-2011-02-2011 End-of-Life Medical Care D-2011-03-2011 Leprosy Control S-2011-01-2011 Chronic Disease S-2011-02-2011 Monitoring Tokyo Declaration S-2011-03-2011 Protection and Integrity of Medical Personnel S-2011-04-2011 Social Determinants of Health S-2011-05-2011 Social Media R-2011-01-2011 Adequate Pain Treatment R-2011-02-2011 Bahrain R-2011-03-2011 Economic Embargoes and Health R-2011-04-2011 Independence of Medical Associations Version 2012, Bangkok; Printed in October 2012 st • Additions of the resolutions newly adopted by the 191 WMA Council Session, Prague, Czech Republic, April 2012 Code Short Title CR-2012-01-2012 Danger in Health Care in Syria and Bahrain CR-2012-02-2012 Professional Autonomy and Self-Regulation in Turkey CR-2012-03-2012 Autonomy of Professional Orders in West Africa • Replacements D-2002-04-2002 by Advanced Technology (amended in 2012) D-2002-04-2012 S-1956-01-2006 by Armed Conflict (amended in 2012) S-1956-01-2012 R-2002-05-2002 by Abuse of Psychiatry (amended in 2012) R-2002-05-2012 rd • Removals of the policies rescinded and archived by the 63 WMA General Assembly, Bangkok, Thailand, October 2012 R-2002-03-2002 Health Care Services in Afghanistan R-2002-04-2002 Pan American Health Organization rd • Additions of the policies newly adopted by the 63 WMA General Assembly, Bangkok, Thailand, October 2012 S-2012-01-2012 Electronic Cigarettes S-2012-02-2012 Collective Action by Physicians S-2012-03-2012 Forced and Coerced Sterilisation S-2012-04-2012 Organ and Tissue Donation S-2012-05-2012 Prioritisation of Immunisation S-2012-06-2012 Violence in the Health Sector R-2012-01-2012 Minimum Price for Alcohol R-2012-02-2012 Plain Packaging of Cigarettes R-2012-03-2012 Capital Punishment R-2012-04-2012 Professor Cyril Karabus Version 2013-1, Bali; Printed in April 2013 th • Additions of the resolutions newly adopted by the 194 WMA Council Session, Bali, Indonesia, April 2013 Code Short Title CR-2013-01-2013 Professor Cyril Karabus CR-2013-02-2013 Criminalisation of Medical Practice CR-2013-03-2013 Standardisation in Medical Practice and Patient Safety • Replacements D-1981-02-1999 by Correction (in 2010 it was reaffirmed, not amended) D-1981-02-2010 S-2003-02-2003 by Living Wills (reaffirmed in 2013) S-2003-02-2013 R-2002-01-2002 by Euthanasia (reaffirmed in 2013) R-2002-01-2013 R-2003-01-2003 by Annual Medical Ethics Day (reaffirmed in 2013) R-2003-01-2013 Version 2013-2, Fortaleza; Printed in February 2014 • Replacements Code Short Title S-2003-01-2003 by Forensic Investigations of the Missing S-2003-01-2013 (amended in 2013) R-2002-06-2002 by Women’s Right to Health Care R-2002-06-2013 (amended in 2013) th • Removals of the policies rescinded and archived by the 64 WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013 R-2003-04-2003 SARS th • Additions of the policies newly adopted by the 64 WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013 S-2013-01-2013 Fungal Disease S-2013-02-2013 Human Papillomavirus Vaccination S-2013-03-2013 Natural Variations of Human Sexuality S-2013-04-2013 Victims of Torture S-2013-05-2013 Death Penalty R-2013-01-2013 Criminalisation of Medical Practice R-2013-02-2013 Healthcare Situation in Syria R-2013-03-2013 Prohibition of Chemical Weapons R-2013-04-2013 Standardisation in Medical Practice and Patient Safety R-2013-05-2013 Support of the AMB Version 2014-1, Tokyo; Printed in June 2014 • Replacements Code Short Title R-2004-01-2004 by WFME (reaffirmed in 2014) R-2004-01-2014 Version 2014-2, Durban; Printed in January 2015 • Replacements D-2002-01-2003 by Biological Weapons (reaffirmed in 2012) D-2002-01-2012 D-2002-03-2002 by Patient Safety (reaffirmed in 2012) D-2002-03-2012 S-2002-01-2002 by Safe Injections in Health Care (amended in 2012) S-2002-01-2012 S-2002-02-2002 by Self-Medication (reaffirmed in 2012) S-2002-02-2012 S-2003-03-2003 by International Migration of Health Workers S-2003-03-2014 (amended in 2014) S-2004-03-2004 by Water and Health (amended in 2014) S-2004-03-2014 R-2002-02-2002 by Female Foeticide (reaffirmed in 2012) R-2002-02-2012 R-2003-03-2003 by Non-Commercialization of Human Reproductive R-2003-03-2014 Material (amended in 2014) th • Removals of the policies rescinded and archived by the 66 WMA General Assembly, Durban, South Africa, October 2014 S-2004-01-2004 Health Emergencies Communication & Coordination th • Additions of the policies newly adopted by the 65 WMA General Assembly, Durban, South Africa, October 2014 D-2014-01-2014 Protection of Healthcare Workers S-2014-01-2014 Aesthetic Treatment S-2014-02-2014 Air Pollution S-2014-03-2014 Solitary Confinement R-2014-01-2014 Ebola Viral Disease R-2014-02-2014 Migrant Workers' Health and Safety in Qatar R-2014-03-2014 Ebola Virus • Additions (Missed in the previous versions) CR-2003-01-2003 Law and Ethics Version 2015-1, Oslo; Printed in June 2015 th • Addition of the resolution newly adopted by the 200 WMA Council Session, Oslo, Norway, April 2015 Code Short Title CR-2015-01-2015 Trade Agreements and Public Health • Replacements Code Short Title D-1981-01-2005 by Lisbon (Patient’s Rights) (reaffirmed in 2015) D-1981-01-2015 D-1987-01-2005 by Euthanasia (reaffirmed in 2015) D-1987-01-2015 D-1989-01-2005 by Hong Kong (Elderly Abuse) (reaffirmed in 2015) D-1989-01-2015 S-2005-02-2005 by Drug Substitution (reaffirmed in 2015) S-2005-02-2015 S-2005-04-2005 by Medical Liability Reform (reaffirmed in 2015) S-2005-04-2015 R-1988-01-2005 by Academic Sanctions or Boycotts (reaffirmed in 2015) R-1988-01-2015 Handbook of WMA Policies PREFACE Before World War II came to an end, a number of medical associations gathered in Lon- don to reinvent the approach to international collaboration among the world’s physicians. The old model, represented by the pre-war “Association Professionnelle Internationale des Médecins” (APIM), would no longer meet the needs of the post-war medical profession. It was time to create something new. After only two years of preparation, 27 national medical associations met in Paris on Sep- tember 18th, 1947 for the inauguration of a new global physicians’ association, the World Medical Association (WMA). The lead-up to this first Assembly was paralleled by the Nuremberg trial against Nazi doctors, which was a key driver of the mission focus of the new WMA. This terrible episode in the history of medicine dictated that the organization must seek to become the authoritative voice on global standards for medical ethics and professional conduct, rather than focus solely on protecting the interests of the profession. Effectively coordinating an international organization was anything but easy in the late 1940s. There was no internet, e-mail, mobile phones, personal computers, fax, or even photocopiers. For many physicians, attending the Assembly required a cross-continental, multi-day journey across a deeply scarred planet, by train and ship and only in exceptional circumstances by plane. Yet the commitment of these founding WMA members to their vision was even greater than the challenges they faced in achieving it. That vision, and the accompanying goals, ideals, and unity of purpose, are as relevant today as they were during those early days. They are now ours to carry on. The WMA Handbook of Policies is evidence that the engagement of the world medical profession does, in fact, persist. The WMA now is bigger, stronger and more active then ever before, and our Handbook is the product of physicians coming together for more than half a century to provide ethical guidance, moral support and practical advice to help their colleagues serve their patients to the best of their ability. From the Declaration of Geneva, often referred to as the “Modern Hippocratic Oath” to the Declaration of Helsinki advising physicians doing medical research on human subjects, to the Declaration of Tokyo prohi- biting physicians from participating in torture and degrading treatment − to mention just a few of WMA’s landmark policies − the guidance provided by the WMA is as necessary now as it has ever been. There are many other policies in this world dealing with physician conduct, many of which try to be “modern”, “easily readable” and “politically correct”. The WMA has never capitulated against the “Zeitgeist”, but has stood firm with its values, the most important of which are caring, ethics and science. Sir William Osler said: “The most important thing is caring, so do it first, for the caring physicians best inspires hope and trust.” Hope and trust are the basis for any treatment.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A. Inability to Deter and Compensate ...B. Discouraging
    RETHINKING THE TORT LIABILITY SYSTEM AND PATIENT SAFETY: FROM THE CONVENTIONAL WISDOM TO LEARNING FROM LITIGATION ∗ Chih-Ming Liang, S.J.D. I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 328 II. REGULATING PATIENT SAFETY IN THE ERA OF THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT ....................................................... 332 III. THE CONVENTIONAL WISDOM ON TORT AND PATIENT SAFETY ................................................................................. 340 A. Inability to Deter and Compensate ............................ 344 B. Discouraging Systemic Learning .............................. 346 IV. FROM CONVENTIONAL WISDOM TO LEARNING FROM LITIGATION ........................................................................... 349 A. How Providers Learn from Litigation ....................... 350 1. Strengthening Reporting Systems ......................... 350 2. Finding the Root Cause of Individual Incidents .... 352 3. Identifying the Patterns and Trends of Errors ...... 354 B. The Changing Culture of Healthcare Organizations .. 358 C. Disclosure, Apology, and Communication-and- Resolution ........................................................................ 360 V. TORT REFORM IN THE AGE OF LEARNING FROM LITIGATION: EARLY RESOLUTION VIA COMMUNICATION-AND-RESOLUTION PROGRAMS AS A FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE .................. 367 A. Overcoming Barriers Against Early Resolution ....... 370 B. Reforming the Tort Litigation System ...................... 372 C. Incorporating CRP Ideas Into the Pre-Trial Settlement
    [Show full text]
  • An Evidence Review of Research on Health Interventions in Humanitarian Crises
    An evidence review of research on health interventions in humanitarian crises Final Report 22 November 2013 Principal Investigators Karl Blanchet and Bayard Roberts Authors Karl Blanchet, Vera Sistenich, Anita Ramesh, Severine Frison, Emily Warren, Mazeda Hossain, Abigail Knight, Chris Lewis, James Smith, Aniek Woodward, Maysoon Dahab, Sara Pantuliano, Bayard Roberts Partners The Harvard School of Public Health and the Overseas Development Institute Funders Department for International Development (DFID) and the Wellcome Trust Commissioning Agency Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance (ELRHA) Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Wellcome Trust and the Department for International Development (DFID) for funding this project and Enhancing Learning and Research in Humanitarian Assitance (ELRHA) for managing it. We would also like to thank the project advisory committee members (listed in Annex 1) and the expert interviewees (listed in Annex 2). Disclaimer This is a collaborative report from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the Harvard School of Public Health and the Overseas Development Institute (ODI). Any opinions and recommendations contained therein are those of the report authors, not of ELRHA, DFID or the Wellcome Trust. 2 Executive Summary Background: The need for a stronger scientific evidence base for responses to humanitarian crises has been identified by various public health actors. To this end, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Wellcome Trust commissioned a project to review the evidence base of public health interventions in humanitarian crises. The overall aim of the project is to provide a rigorous assessment of the current quality and depth of the evidence-base that informs humanitarian public health programming globally.
    [Show full text]
  • Josh, I Have Attached the Relevant Academic Published Articles That I
    From: Stokes, John To: Community Affairs, Committee (SEN) Subject: Re: Questions on notice - Senate Community Affairs References Committee - Medical complaints inquiry Date: Tuesday, 8 November 2016 5:55:09 PM Attachments: Eradicating_Medical_Student_Mistreatment___A.17.pdf Mobbing.pdf Peer review.pdf Mandatory reporting.pdf AHPRA---Guidelines-for-mandatory-notifications.PDF.pdf Medical-Board---Code-of-conduct.PDF.pdf Unaccountable.pdf Josh, I have attached the relevant academic published articles that I promised and that supported my submission to the Senate Enquiry and directly relate to the Question on Notice regarding bullying and AHPRA processes. In addition I mentioned in my verbal submission that I had identified major areas that needed reform. I have outlined those in item 7. These attachments all relate to improving the processes related to Bullying in Question on notice. 1. The article which I mentioned that longitudinally followed bullying of medical students in the United States from 1995-2008 (Eradicating Medical Student Mistreatment: A Longitudinal Study of One Institution’s Efforts). 2. The article which described the phenomenon of “mobbing" which is found more frequently in health organisations. (A Story to Tell: Bullying and Mobbing in the Workplace). 3. The article which describes the phenomenon of “Sham Peer Review. (Clinical peer review in the United States: History, legal development and subsequent abuse). 4. The article that was published in the Medical Journal of Australia, (Mandatory reports of concerns about the health, performance and conduct of health practitioners) researched the process and had this summary statement: "This study is best understood as a first step in establishing an evidence base for understanding the operations and merits of Australia’s mandatory reporting regime.
    [Show full text]
  • LONDON SCHOOL of HYGIENE & TROPICAL MEDICINE
    1 An evidence review of research on health interventions in humanitarian crises LONDON SCHOOL of HYGIENE & TROPICAL MEDICINE NOVEMBER 2013 Principal Investigators Funders Karl Blanchet and Department for International Bayard Roberts Development (DFID) and the Wellcome Trust Authors Karl Blanchet, Vera Sistenich, Commissioning Agency Anita Ramesh, Severine Frison, Enhancing Learning and Emily Warren, Mazeda Hossain, Research for Humanitarian Abigail Knight, Chris Lewis, Assistance (ELRHA) James Smith, Aniek Woodward, Maysoon Dahab, Sara Pantuliano, Bayard Roberts Partners The Harvard School of Public Health and the Overseas Development Institute 2 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Wellcome Trust and the Department for International Development (DFID) for funding this project and Enhancing Learning and Research in Humanitarian Assitance (ELRHA) for managing it. We would also like to thank the project advisory committee members (listed in Annex 1) and the expert interviewees (listed in Annex 2). Disclaimer This is a collaborative report from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the Harvard School of Public Health and the Overseas Development Institute (ODI). Any opinions and recommendations contained therein are those of the report authors, not of ELRHA, DFID or the Wellcome Trust. 3 Executive Summary Background The need for a stronger scientific evidence base for responses to humanitarian crises has been identified by various public health actors. To this end, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Wellcome Trust commissioned a project to review the evidence base of public health interventions in humanitarian crises. The overall aim of the project is to provide a rigorous assessment of the current quality and depth of the evidence-base that informs humanitarian public health programming globally.
    [Show full text]
  • Costs of Unsafe Care and Cost Effectiveness of Patient Safety Programmes
    Costs of unsafe care and cost effectiveness of patient safety programmes Written by Gesundheit Österreich Forschungs- und Planungs GmbH and SOGETI Costs of unsafe care and cost- effectiveness of patient safety programmes Final Report Authors Johannes Zsifkovits (GÖ FP) Martin Zuba (GÖ FP) Wolfgang Geißler (GÖ FP) Lena Lepuschütz (GÖ FP) Daniela Pertl (GÖ FP) Eva Kernstock (GÖ FP) Herwig Ostermann (GÖ FP) Supported by: Laurent Jacquet (SOGETI) Project assistent Romana Landauer Specific Contract No 2014 61 01 under Frame- Contract number: work contract No EAHC/2013/Health/01 Lot 2 Duration of the project: 12 months Starting date: 9/3/2015 Ending date: 9/3/2016 © European Union, 2016 Disclaimer This report was produced under the third Health Programme (2014-2020) in the frame of a specific contract with the Consumer, Health and Food Executive Agency (Chafea) acting under the mandate of the European Commission. The content of this report represents the views of the contractor and is its sole responsibility; it can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or Chafea or any other body of the European Union. The European Commission and/or Chafea do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor do they accept responsibility for any use made by third parties thereof. Costs of unsafe care and cost-effectiveness of patient safety programmes Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................... 4 List of Figures ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Peer Review in Medicine: a Comprehensive Review of the Literature
    CENTRE FOR CLINICAL GOVERNANCE RESEARCH Peer review in medicine: a comprehensive review of the literature The Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health, University of New South Wales The Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health undertakes strategic research, evaluations and research-based projects of national and international standing with a core interest to investigate health sector issues of policy, culture, systems, governance and leadership. Peer review in medicine: a comprehensive review of the literature First produced 2009 by the Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052. © Travaglia J, Debono D. 2009 This report is copyright. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process without the written permission of the copyright owners and the publisher. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data: Title: Peer review in medicine: a comprehensive review of the literature 1. Literature review method. 2. I. Travaglia J, II. Debono, D. V. University of New South Wales. Centre for Clinical Governance Research in Health. Centre for Clinical Governance Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia http://clingov.med.unsw.edu.au Centre for Clinical Governance Research, University of New South Wales 2009 ii Peer review in medicine: a comprehensive review of the literature Peer
    [Show full text]
  • Institutional Context of Health Services 203 Gerry Bloom, Hilary Standing, and Anu Joshi
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Human Development DIRECTIONS INDEVELOPMENT David H. Peters, Sameh El-Saharty, Banafsheh Siadat, Siadat, Banafsheh Sameh El-Saharty, Peters, H. David Developing Countries Developing Service Delivery in Improving Health Improving From Evidence toAction Evidence From Katja Janovsky, Marko Vujicic, Marko Katja Janovsky, 48790 Editors Improving Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries Improving Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries From Evidence to Action Editors David H. Peters Sameh El-Saharty Banafsheh Siadat Katja Janovsky Marko Vujicic © 2009 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 12 11 10 09 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The bound- aries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law.
    [Show full text]