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Household Linkages in Dispersed Settlement Around Pietersburg and Implications for Household Resources Management SE Donaldson & Elizabeth Boshoff

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Household Linkages in Dispersed Settlement Around Pietersburg and Implications for Household Resources Management SE Donaldson & Elizabeth Boshoff ISSN 0378-5254 Tydskrif vir Gesinsekologie en Verbruikerswetenskappe, Vol 29, 2001 Household linkages in dispersed settlement around Pietersburg and implications for household resources management SE Donaldson & Elizabeth Boshoff OPSOMMING INTRODUCTION Hierdie artikel fokus op die skakelings tussen huis- Urban surveys by geographers contain useful infor- houdings in drie vorige tuislanddorpe in die omge- mation for consumer scientists in the field of house- wing van Pietersburg en Pietersburg as sentrale ge- hold resources management. However, most urban bied. Die ondersoek is vanuit ‘n stedelik-geografie- linkage studies are conducted without using a frame- se oogpunt gedoen. Inligting oor die skakelings is in work that would make the information applicable and die lig van ‘n huishoudelike hulpmiddelbestuurs- useful for household resources management pur- raamwerk vertolk om die gevolge daarvan vir hulp- poses. middelbestuur in die huishoudings in die drie dorpe te ontleed. This article attempts to interpret the results of an ur- ban linkage study in terms of household resources Volgens die huishoudelike hulpmiddelbestuurs- management to highlight their usefulness in this field. raamwerk is huishoudings in interaksie met hul mi- Gaps in the information derived from urban linkage kroömgewings asook met die wyer omgewing. Hier- studies could be prevented if these studies were die interaksie van die huishoudings met hul fisiese planned and conducted in cooperation with consumer en sosiale mikroömgewings is kortliks ondersoek scientists in the field of household resources manage- deur die huishoudings se voorkeur vir die dorpe ment. Such cooperation would enrich the research waar hulle woon te ondersoek. Interaksies tussen and be a step closer to the ideal of multidisciplinary die huishoudings en die politieke en ekonomiese approaches to finding solutions to current social prob- subsisteme in die samelewing is ook ondersoek lems. deur die skakelings wat die huishoudings met Pie- tersburg en die drie vorige tuislanddorpe het, die During the previous political dispensation, four towns plek waar hulle werk, waar hulle inkopies doen en for black people were proclaimed in the present van finansiële dienste gebruik maak, waar die kin- Northern Province, all within a radius of 60 km from ders skoolgaan en waar hulle aan ontspanningsak- Pietersburg which is the capital of the Province. The tiwiteite deelneem, te bestudeer. effect of these proclamations was to separate the black from the white population groups and to sepa- Die vertolking van die stedelik-geografiese inligting rate black tribal groups of the Sotho ethnic group from en die implikasies daarvan vir hulpmiddelbestuur in one another. The four towns are Mankweng (30 km hierdie huishoudings het daarop gedui dat same- from Pietersburg) which developed as an educational werking tussen stedelike geograwe en verbruikers- centre around the University of the North, Lebowak- wetenskaplikes vrugbaar kan wees mits aan sekere gomo (55 km from Pietersburg) which was the admin- detail aandag geskenk word wanneer die navorsing istrative centre for the previous Lebowa homeland, beplan word. Meer besonderhede oor die implika- Seshego (13 km from Pietersburg) which was planned sies van die skakeling tussen huishoudings en hul as an industrial growth point bordering Pietersburg, omgewings kan vanuit die stanspoor ingewin word and Sebayeng which served as a dormitory town for sodat die gevolge van die skakeling ten opsigte van workers in Seshego and Pietersburg. die huishoudings se hulpmiddelbestuur dieper insig- te tot gevolg kan hê. The anticipated urban growth and development failed to materialise in Mankweng, Lebowakgomo and Se- shego. Sebayeng was planned as a dormitory town and was therefore not expected to develop into a full- — Dr SE Donaldson scale town. Because Sebayeng remained rural in Department of Geographical Sciences, Vista University character, with no economic development such as — Prof Elizabeth Boshoff shops, banks or industries, it was not included in this Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria urban linkages study. Very few employment opportunities - apart from the public and education sectors - are available in the first-mentioned three towns. Table 1 presents a sum- mary of the number of businesses in Lebowakgomo Household linkages in dispersed settlement around Pietersburg and implications for household resources 20 management ISSN 0378-5254 Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, Vol 29, 2001 TABLE 1: NUMBER OF LISTED BUSINESSES IN SESHEGO AND LEBOWAKGOMO, 1997 Employment sector Lebowakgomo Seshego Primary and secondary sector Agriculture 5 (4%) 3 (2%) Mining/industry/manufacturing 12 (9%) 37 (26%) Building 13 (10%) 4 (3%) Tertiary and quaternary sector Shops 57 (44%) 51 (36%) Social/community services 18 (14%) 24 (17%) Banking/finance 6 (5%) 2 (1%) Total 129 (100%) 142 (100%) Source: Compiled from Brady’s (1996/97) and Seshego. No data were available for Mankweng. institutions are represented in the financial sector, The main employment sector is tertiary / quaternary in and some are expected to open provincial head nature, with 44% and 36% of the businesses in Lebo- offices. wakgomo and Seshego respectively being retail ¨ Transport services are available (bus, air, rail, shops. However, these are not specialised shops (eg road). chain stores), but are predominantly spaza shops and cash stores. HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES MANAGEMENT The absence of quaternary services in the towns is SYSTEM notable. Of the businesses listed in Lebowakgomo and Seshego, 14% and 17% are respectively classi- The family or household is considered part of an eco- fied as businesses rendering social or community ser- system from a household resources management per- vices, and 5% and 1% render financial services. The spective. It is a subsystem that is constantly interact- primary and secondary sectors in Seshego make up a ing with its various environments in its endeavours to larger percentage than in Lebowakgomo, illustrating satisfy the basic human needs of members of the fam- the absence of industrial development in Lebowak- ily. gomo. Closest to the family is its microenvironment, which is On the other hand Pietersburg has made consider- in turn surrounded by the macroenvironment. The able progress in terms of urban growth (eg GDP con- microenvironment represents the immediate setting tribution, population size, economic activity, approved for the family system and comprises the physical and building plans). This city was expected to have an social surroundings of the household. The household annual growth rate of 7% until 2000 (Urban-Econ & members have regular personal contact and interac- De Villiers, 1994). Its economic, political, financial tion in this microenvironment. Physical aspects of the and social institutions (Donaldson, 1999) may be microenvironment include the housing, goods or other summarised as follows: evidences of spatial territory identified with particular individuals or families, and the social aspects com- ¨ Pietersburg is the biggest industrial complex in the prise people with whom the family interacts on a per- Northern Province and primarily aims to service sonal or support level (Deacon & Firebaugh, 1988:29- the consumer market (distribution, packaging, ser- 31; Engberg, 1990:24-28). vice industries). ¨ Pietersburg offers numerous community and other The household’s macroenvironment is composed of services (hospitals, educational institutions, sport societal, natural and structured systems beyond the and recreational facilities). microenvironment. The societal systems with which ¨ The government sectors are increasingly central- the household interacts are the sociocultural, political, ised. Government centres in the former home- economic and technological mechanisms and proc- lands of Lebowakgomo, Giyani and Thohoyandou esses by way of which the members fulfil their social still perform certain government functions. roles. The natural and structured systems are the ¨ The commercial and accommodation sectors in physical and biological settings in which related socie- Pietersburg provide a subregional service to Bot- tal systems function (Deacon & Firebaugh, 1988:32- swana and Zimbabwe. 38; Engberg, 1990:24-28). ¨ All major South African financial and insurance Household linkages in dispersed settlement around Pietersburg and implications for household resources management 21 ISSN 0378-5254 Tydskrif vir Gesinsekologie en Verbruikerswetenskappe, Vol 29, 2001 The linkages between the family (household) and the cause communities depend heavily on a transport net- political and economic subsystems may be described work; economic linkages; movement due to temporary as follows: and permanent migration of workers between urban- urban and rural-urban areas; technological linkages Political system / family interaction which include communication networks - which in turn enhances linkages between people; social interaction; The political system influences the family system service provision indicating the extent of interdepend- through laws, regulations, protection and other ser- ence between settlements; political and administrative vices. Goods and services (eg education, parks, rec- linkages. reational facilities and libraries) are resources pro- vided by the political system for the family to meet its This survey covered aspects of economics linkages, needs. In return for these services, the family is ex- social interaction and service provision.
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