Network Analysis of Semantic Web Ontologies
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Semantics Developer's Guide
MarkLogic Server Semantic Graph Developer’s Guide 2 MarkLogic 10 May, 2019 Last Revised: 10.0-8, October, 2021 Copyright © 2021 MarkLogic Corporation. All rights reserved. MarkLogic Server MarkLogic 10—May, 2019 Semantic Graph Developer’s Guide—Page 2 MarkLogic Server Table of Contents Table of Contents Semantic Graph Developer’s Guide 1.0 Introduction to Semantic Graphs in MarkLogic ..........................................11 1.1 Terminology ..........................................................................................................12 1.2 Linked Open Data .................................................................................................13 1.3 RDF Implementation in MarkLogic .....................................................................14 1.3.1 Using RDF in MarkLogic .........................................................................15 1.3.1.1 Storing RDF Triples in MarkLogic ...........................................17 1.3.1.2 Querying Triples .......................................................................18 1.3.2 RDF Data Model .......................................................................................20 1.3.3 Blank Node Identifiers ..............................................................................21 1.3.4 RDF Datatypes ..........................................................................................21 1.3.5 IRIs and Prefixes .......................................................................................22 1.3.5.1 IRIs ............................................................................................22 -
PDF Formats; the XHTML Version Has Active Links That You Can Follow
Semantic Web @ W3C: Activities, Recommendations and State of Adoption Athens, GA, USA, 2006-11-09 Ivan Herman, W3C Ivan Herman, W3C RDF(S), tools We have a solid specification since 2004: well defined (formal) semantics, clear RDF/XML syntax Lots of tools are available. Are listed on W3C’s wiki: RDF programming environment for 14+ languages, including C, C++, Python, Java, Javascript, Ruby, PHP,… (no Cobol or Ada yet ) 13+ Triple Stores, ie, database systems to store datasets 16+ general development tools (specialized editors, application builders, …) etc Ivan Herman, W3C RDF(S), tools (cont.) Note the large number of large corporations among the tool developers: Adobe, IBM, Software AG, Oracle, HP, Northrop Grumman, … …but the small companies and independent developers also play a major role! Some of the tools are Open Source, some are not; some are very mature, some are not : it is the usual picture of software tools, nothing special any more! Anybody can start developing RDF-based applications today Ivan Herman, W3C RDF(S), tools (cont.) There are lots of tutorials, overviews, or books around the wiki page on books lists 20+ (English) textbooks; 19+ proceedings for 2005 & 2006 alone… again, some of them good, some of them bad, just as with any other areas… Active developers’ communities Ivan Herman, W3C Large datasets are accumulating IngentaConnect bibliographic metadata storage: over 200 million triplets UniProt Protein Database: 262 million triplets RDF version of Wikipedia: more than 47 million triplets RDFS/OWL Representation -
HTML5 for .NET Developers by Jim Jackson II Ian Gilman
S AMPLE CHAPTER Single page web apps, JavaScript, and semantic markup Jim Jackson II Ian Gilman FOREWORD BY Scott Hanselman MANNING HTML5 for .NET Developers by Jim Jackson II Ian Gilman Chapter 1 Copyright 2013 Manning Publications brief contents 1 ■ HTML5 and .NET 1 2 ■ A markup primer: classic HTML, semantic HTML, and CSS 33 3 ■ Audio and video controls 66 4 ■ Canvas 90 5 ■ The History API: Changing the game for MVC sites 118 6 ■ Geolocation and web mapping 147 7 ■ Web workers and drag and drop 185 8 ■ Websockets 214 9 ■ Local storage and state management 248 10 ■ Offline web applications 273 vii HTML5 and .NET This chapter covers ■ Understanding the scope of HTML5 ■ Touring the new features in HTML5 ■ Assessing where HTML5 fits in software projects ■ Learning what an HTML application is ■ Getting started with HTML applications in Visual Studio You’re really going to love HTML5. It’s like having a box of brand new toys in front of you when you have nothing else to do but play. Forget pushing the envelope; using HTML5 on the client and .NET on the server gives you the ability to create entirely new envelopes for executing applications inside browsers that just a few years ago would have been difficult to build even as desktop applications. The abil- ity to use the skills you already have to build robust and fault-tolerant .NET solu- tions for any browser anywhere gives you an advantage in the market that we hope to prove throughout this book. For instance, with HTML5, you can ■ Tap the new Geolocation API to locate your users anywhere -
Enhancing JSON to RDF Data Conversion with Entity Type Recognition
Enhancing JSON to RDF Data Conversion with Entity Type Recognition Fellipe Freire, Crishane Freire and Damires Souza Academic Unit of Informatics, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil Keywords: RDF Data Conversion, Entity Type Recognition, Semi-Structured Data, JSON Documents, Semantics Usage. Abstract: Nowadays, many Web data sources and APIs make their data available on the Web in semi-structured formats such as JSON. However, JSON data cannot be directly used in the Web of data, where principles such as URIs and semantically named links are essential. Thus it is necessary to convert JSON data into RDF data. To this end, we have to consider semantics in order to provide data reference according to domain vocabularies. To help matters, we present an approach which identifies JSON metadata, aligns them with domain vocabulary terms and converts data into RDF. In addition, along with the data conversion process, we provide the identification of the semantically most appropriate entity types to the JSON objects. We present the definitions underlying our approach and results obtained with the evaluation. 1 INTRODUCTION principles of this work is using semantics provided by the knowledge domain of the data to enhance The Web has evolved into an interactive information their conversion to RDF data. To this end, we use network, allowing users and applications to share recommended open vocabularies which are data on a massive scale. To help matters, the Linked composed by a set of terms, i.e., classes and Data principles define a set of practices for properties useful to describe specific types of things publishing structured data on the Web aiming to (LOV Documentation, 2016). -
Linked Data Schemata: Fixing Unsound Foundations
Linked data schemata: fixing unsound foundations. Kevin Feeney, Gavin Mendel Gleason, Rob Brennan Knowledge and Data Engineering Group & ADAPT Centre, School of Computer Science & Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Abstract. This paper describes an analysis, and the tools and methods used to produce it, of the practical and logical implications of unifying common linked data vocabularies into a single logical model. In order to support any type of reasoning or even just simple type-checking, the vocabularies that are referenced by linked data statements need to be unified into a complete model wherever they reference or reuse terms that have been defined in other linked data vocabularies. Strong interdependencies between vocabularies are common and a large number of logical and practical problems make this unification inconsistent and messy. However, the situation is far from hopeless. We identify a minimal set of necessary fixes that can be carried out to make a large number of widely-deployed vocabularies mutually compatible, and a set of wider-ranging recommendations for linked data ontology design best practice to help alleviate the problem in future. Finally we make some suggestions for improving OWL’s support for distributed authoring and ontology reuse in the wild. Keywords: Linked Data, Reasoning, Data Quality 1. Introduction One of the central tenets of the Linked Data movement is the reuse of terms from existing well- known vocabularies [Bizer09] when developing new schemata or datasets. The semantic web infrastructure, and the RDF, RDFS and OWL languages, support this with their inherently distributed and modular nature. In practice, through vocabulary reuse, linked data schemata adopt knowledge models that are based on multiple, independently devised ontologies that often exhibit varying definitional semantics [Hogan12]. -
Building Linked Data for Both Humans and Machines∗
Building Linked Data For Both Humans and Machines∗ y z x Wolfgang Halb Yves Raimond Michael Hausenblas Institute of Information Centre for Digital Music Institute of Information Systems & Information London, UK Systems & Information Management Management Graz, Austria Graz, Austria ABSTRACT Existing linked datasets such as [3] are slanted towards ma- In this paper we describe our experience with building the chines as the consumer. Although there are exceptions to riese dataset, an interlinked, RDF-based version of the Eu- this machine-first approach (cf. [13]), we strongly believe rostat data, containing statistical data about the European that satisfying both humans and machines from a single Union. The riese dataset (http://riese.joanneum.at), aims source is a necessary path to follow. at serving roughly 3 billion RDF triples, along with mil- lions of high-quality interlinks. Our contribution is twofold: We subscribe to the view that every LOD dataset can be Firstly, we suggest using RDFa as the main deployment understood as a Semantic Web application. Every Semantic mechanism, hence serving both humans and machines to Web application in turn is a Web application in the sense effectively and efficiently explore and use the dataset. Sec- that it should support a certain task for a human user. With- ondly, we introduce a new way of enriching the dataset out offering a state-of-the-art Web user interface, potential with high-quality links: the User Contributed Interlinking, end-users are scared away. Hence a Semantic Web applica- a Wiki-style way of adding semantic links to data pages. tion needs to have a nice outfit, as well. -
Linked Data Schemata: Fixing Unsound Foundations
Linked data schemata: fixing unsound foundations Editor(s): Amrapali Zaveri, Stanford University, USA; Dimitris Kontokostas, Universität Leipzig, Germany; Sebastian Hellmann, Universität Leipzig, Germany; Jürgen Umbrich, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Austria Solicited review(s): Mathieu d’Aquin, The Open University, UK; Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Nuance Communications, USA; John McCrae, Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Ireland; One anonymous reviewer Kevin Chekov Feeney, Gavin Mendel Gleason, and Rob Brennan Knowledge and Data Engineering Group & ADAPT Centre, School of Computer Science & Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This paper describes our tools and method for an evaluation of the practical and logical implications of combining common linked data vocabularies into a single local logical model for the purpose of reasoning or performing quality evalua- tions. These vocabularies need to be unified to form a combined model because they reference or reuse terms from other linked data vocabularies and thus the definitions of those terms must be imported. We found that strong interdependencies between vocabularies are common and that a significant number of logical and practical problems make this model unification inconsistent. In addition to identifying problems, this paper suggests a set of recommendations for linked data ontology design best practice. Finally we make some suggestions for improving OWL’s support for distributed authoring and ontology reuse. Keywords: Linked Data, Reasoning, Data Quality 1. Introduction In order to validate any dataset which uses the adms:Asset term we must combine the adms ontolo- One of the central tenets of the linked data move- gy and the dcat ontology in order to ensure that ment is the reuse of terms from existing well-known dcat:Dataset is a valid class. -
Weaving a Web of Linked Resources
Semantic Web 8 (2017) 767–772 767 DOI 10.3233/SW-170284 IOS Press Editorial Weaving a Web of linked resources Fabien Gandon a,*, Marta Sabou b and Harald Sack c a Wimmics, Université Côte d’Azur, Inria, CNRS, I3S, Sophia Antipolis, France E-mail: [email protected] b CDL-Flex, Vienna University of Technology, Austria E-mail: [email protected] c FIZ Karlsruhe, Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, KIT Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail: Harald.Sack@fiz-Karlsruhe.de Abstract. This editorial introduces the special issue based on the best papers from ESWC 2015. And since ESWC’15 marked 15 years of Semantic Web research, we extended this editorial to a position paper that reflects the path that we, as a community, traveled so far with the goal of transforming the Web of Pages to a Web of Resources. We discuss some of the key challenges, research topics and trends addressed by the Semantic Web community in its journey. We conclude that the symbiotic relation of our community with the Web requires a truly multidisciplinary research approach to support the Web’s diversity. Keywords: Semantic Web, trends, challenges 1. From a Web of pages to a Web of resources a first wave of deployment of the Semantic Web with the Linked Data principles and the Linked Open Data As we write this article Tim Berners-Lee just re- 5-Star rules [3] leading to the publication and growth ceived the Turing Award “for inventing the World of linked open datasets towards the Web of Data, as Wide Web, the first Web browser, and the fundamental depicted in Fig. -
Slideshare.Net/Scorlosquet/Drupal-As-A-Semantic-Web-Platform
Linked Data Publishing with Drupal Joachim Neubert ZBW – German National Library of Economics Leibniz Information Centre for Economics SWIB13 Workshop Hamburg, Germany 25.11.2013 ZBW is member of the Leibniz Association My background • Scientific software developer at ZBW – German National Library for Economics, mainly concerned with Linked Open Data and knowledge organization systems and services • Published 20th Century Press Archives in 2010, with some 100,000 digitized newspaper articles in dossiers (http://zbw.eu/beta/p20, custom application written in Perl) • Published a repository of ZBW Labs projects recently – basicly project descriptions and a blog (http://zbw.eu/labs, Drupal based) Page 2 Workshop Agenda – Part 1 1) Drupal 7 as a Content Management System: Linked Data by Default Hands-on: Get familiar with Drupal and it‘s default RDF mappings 2) Using Drupal 7as a Framework for Content Management Hands-on: Create a custom content type and map it to RDF Page 3 Workshop Agenda – Part 2 Produce other RDF Serialization Formats: RDF/XML, Turtle, Ntriples, JSON-LD Create a SPARQL Endpoint from your Drupal Site Cool URIs Create Out-Links with Web Taxonomy Current limitations of RDF/LD support in Drupal 7 Outlook on Drupal 8 Page 4 Drupal as a CMS (Content Management System) ready for RDF and Linked Data Page 5 Why at all linked data enhanced publishing? • Differentiate the subjects of your web pages and their attributes • Thus, foster data reuse in 3rd party services and applications • Mashups • Search engines • Create meaningful -
Microformats: Empowering Your Markup for Web 2.0
Microformats: Empowering Your Markup for Web 2.0 John Allsopp Microformats: Empowering Your Markup for Web 2.0 Copyright © 2007 by John Allsopp All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059814-6 ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-59059-814-8 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail [email protected],or visit www.springeronline.com. For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at 2560 Ninth Street, Suite 219, Berkeley, CA 94710. Phone 510-549-5930, fax 510-549-5939, e-mail [email protected], or visit www.apress.com. The information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this work. -
Enhanced Semantic Web Layered Architecture Model
NEW ASPECTS of APPLIED INFORMATICS, BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS & INFORMATICS and COMMUNICATIONS Enhanced Semantic Web Layered Architecture Model Islam H. Harb, Salah Abdel-Mageid, Hassan Farahat, M. S. Farag Comp. Sys. Engineer Comp. Sys. Engineer Comp. Sys. Engineer Math. Dept. Al-Azhar Univ. Al-Azhar Univ. Al-Azhar Univ. Al-Azhar Univ. Egypt. Egypt. Egypt. Egypt. [email protected], [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: - This paper introduces the traditional web and its limitations, and how these limitations can be overcome by putting the lights on a new interesting approach for the web which is the Semantic Web. The most common technologies that can be used to construct such smart web are discussed briefly, and then its current layered architecture models as proposed by Tim Berners-Lee and others are evaluated to alleviate discrepancies and weak points. An enhanced architecture obeying layered architecture evaluation criteria and standard principles is proposed. This enhanced model is evaluated and contrasted against other models. Key-Words: - Semantic web, ontology, XML, RDF, URI and Functional Layers. 1 Introduction the system engineering description and the layers integration. The Semantic Web may be considered as an This paper introduces an Enhanced Semantic Web evolution to this WWW which aims to make all the Layered Architecture Model. This enhanced model information and application data on the internet introduces a new architecture which follows the universally shared and machine processable in a very layered architecture as [12], [18]. This enhanced efficient way. It is an intelligent web which can proposed architecture alleviates the previous work understand the information semantics and services weak points. -
Website Development and Web Standards in the Ubiquitous World: Where Are We Going?
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMPUTERS Serena Pastore Website development and web standards in the ubiquitous world: Where are we going? SERENA PASTORE INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova National Institute for Astrophisics (INAF) Vicolo Osservatorio 5 – 35122 - Padova ITALY [email protected] Abstract: - A website is actually the first indispensable tool for information dissemination, but its development embraces various aspects: the choice of Content Management System (CMS) to implement production and the publishing process, the provision of relationships and interconnections with social networks and public web services, and the reuse of information from other sources. Meanwhile, the context where web content is displayed has dramatically changed with the advent of mobile devices that are very different in terms of size and features, which have led to a ubiquitous world made of mobile Internet-connected devices. Users’ behavior on mobile web devices means that developers need new strategies for web design. The paper analyzes technologies, methods, and solutions that should be adopted to provide a good user experience regardless of the devices used to visualize the content in its various forms (i.e., web pages, web applications, widgets, social applications, and so on), assuring that open standards are adhered to, and thus providing wider accessibility to users. The strategies for website development cover responsive technology vs. mobile apps, the interconnection with social networks and web services in the Google world, the adoption