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Code of Practice for Wood Processing Facilities (Sawmills & Lumberyards)
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES (SAWMILLS & LUMBERYARDS) Version 2 January 2012 Guyana Forestry Commission Table of Contents FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Wood Processing................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Development of the Code ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Scope of the Code ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Objectives of the Code ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Implementation of the Code ............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 PRE-SAWMILLING RECOMMENDATIONS. ............................................................................................. 11 2.1 Market Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... -
A Dynamic Na/S Balance of a Kraft Pulp Mill
A dynamic Na/S balance of a kraft pulp mill Modeling and simulation of a kraft pulp mill using WinGEMS En dynamisk Na/S balans av ett sulfatbruk Modellering och simulering av ett sulfatbruk i WinGEMS Per Andersson Faculty of Health, Science and Technology Department of Engineering and Chemical Science, Chemical Engineering, Karlstad University Master theisis, 30 credits Supervisors: Niklas Kvarnström (KAU), Maria Björk (Stora Enso), Rickard Wadsborn (Stora Enso) Examinat or: Lars Järnström (KAU) 2014 -01-08 Version : 2.0 Abstract The main scope of this thesis was to create a simulation model of a kraft pulp mill and produce a dynamic Na/S balance. The model was made in WinGEMS 5.3 and the method consisted of implementing a static Na/S balance from the mill and created a model that described this chemical balance. Input data from the mill was collected and implemented in the model. A number of different cases were simulated to predict the effects of different process changes over time, dynamic balances. The result from the static balance showed that the model can describes the mill case. The result from the dynamic simulation showed that the model can be used to predict the effect of process changes over shorter periods of time. Executive Summary In the kraft mill the chemical balance is of interest to minimize the production cost. Normally there is an excess of sulfur and low levels of sodium, compared to what the process requires. In the future, the pulp mill will most likely produce other products than just pulp. These new production processes will also most likely affect the sodium and sulfur balance and there is a need to be able to predict this change. -
Odorless Pulp Mill in Operation
Published May 26, 2017 Odorless Pulp Mill Odorless pulp mill in successful operation Executive Summary The sulphur in the cooking process can result in bad odor in the surroundings of a Kraft pulp mill. Together with the odor, sulphur compounds can also be an environmental problem since they are released to the atmosphere. Although emissions are becoming lower as mills are upgraded, odors have continued to be a problem for people living close to the mills, because of the very low odor threshold of sulphur compounds. Valmet has delivered a unique, practically odorless mill to CMPC Riograndese Ltda in Guaíba, Brazil. The design guidelines were to not vent odorous gases and to aim for zero smells. The gas handling system collects and controls odors from more than 100 sources and all process areas are included. Incineration of non-condensable gases is ensured through multiple, simultaneously available incineration locations. According to CMPC it can be said that the system availability is practically 100% and there is always a system ready to handle NCG and prevent gases from being emitted to the atmosphere. This paper describes the emphasis CMPC placed in the concept of the odorless mill in Guaíba and its surroundings and outlines the chosen technical solutions to achieve this target. The paper emphasizes the necessity of ensuring that odorous gases are treated also in shutdown and emergency situations, and explains how this has been achieved at the mill. © Valmet Page | 1 Published May 26, 2017 Odorless Pulp Mill Background No venting of odorous gases and a "zero smell" pulp mill. -
Presentazione WE 2021
Wood-Experience Veronafiere, 3-6 March 2021 Veronafiere, 3-6 marzo 2021 www.wood-experience.com Wood-Experience The reasons for a new Event Wood Experience represents the evolution and development of Legno & Edilizia, a trade exhibition that has represented the reference point for the wooden construction sector for 20 years. Faithful to Piemmeti's vocation of specialization in the wood supply chain, a material symbol of natural values, sustainability and savings, Wood-Experience is the only meeting platform for the sector. It represent an important business and international exchange opportunity, along with a great occasion to shine a light and to draw the Media’s attention on the sector. For this reason, “Wood-Experience” will propose both to exhibitors and visitors a focused trade fair format that will takle into consideration the new business needs, safety and internationality. Veronafiere, 3-6 marzo 2021 www.wood-experience.com Wood-Experience Tecnologies for the wood supply chain Wood Experience is the only Italian Event dedicated to the entire wood supply chain. A supply chain exhibition proposal that starts from the forest and the sawmill, has its core business in woodworking machines, both for construction / structural purposes and for furniture / furnishings, to arrive at finishing, treatment and processing complement. Veronafiere, 3-6 marzo 2021 www.wood-experience.com Wood-Experience The product chain • Machines and technologies for primary wood processing (forest) • Technology for sawmills • Woodworking machines: For construction -
Construction Health and Safety Manual: Pulp and Paper Mills
PULP AND PAPER MILLS 33 PULP AND PAPER MILLS The two common forms of chemical pulping are 1) the dominant “alkaline” or “kraft” process, and Processes 2) the “acid pulping” or “sulphite” process. Acid pulping has generally declined but is still in use. The A number of processes, grouped by type as mechanical, digester liquor is a solution of sulphurous acid, H SO , chemical, and semi-chemical (or hybrid), are used in 2 3 mixed with lime (CaO) or other base (magnesium, the preparation of wood pulp. In 1990 (according to sodium, or ammonium) to form bisulphites. Lockwood’s Directory) the distribution of pulp mills in Ontario and Quebec was as follows: Mechanical processes produce the highest yield from the wood, but have high energy demands. Mechanical pulping Process Type generally incorporates thermal or chemical pre-softening Chemical Processes Semi-chemical Mechanical Total of the wood chips, resulting in lower energy requirements. Kraft Sulphite Some chemical processes include mechanical features. Ontario 94 2 15 30 The division is not distinct and is generally based on Quebec 10 8241 61 efficiency of production from dry wood. Figure 22.1: Number of pulp mills by type in Ontario and Quebec Figure 22.2 provides a flow diagram for a semi-chemical pulp mill. In chemical pulping, the wood chips are cooked, using heat and a chemical solution that depends on the type of Of the chemical processes , alkaline pulping – the kraft process being used. The lignin binder, a natural glue that or sulphite process – is the most common and is shown in holds the wood cells (fibres) together, is dissolved. -
Portable Sawmill Operators List
Portable Sawmill Operators N.C. Forest Service District 11 Alamance, Caswell, Durham, Granville, Orange, Person, Vance, and Wake Company Ansel Currin Company Steve Allred Name Name Business Phone 919-482-9119 Business Phone 336-260-1557 Mobile Phone Mobile Phone Fax Number Fax Number Address 1657 Elam Currin Rd Address 1867 Milesville Rd. City Oxford City Elon State NC State NC ZIP 27565 ZIP 27244 Email: Email: Special Special *will pick up logs 10 to 20 mile radius of Instructions: Instructions: mill site Company Lynch Co, LLC Company Carolina Custom Cut L.L.C. Name Roy Lynch Name Jay Minnich Business Phone 919-414-0565 Business Phone 919 548-2884 Mobile Phone Mobile Phone Fax Number Fax Number Address 9801 Adlie Dr Address City Wake Forest City State NC State ZIP 27588 ZIP Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Special Special Instructions: Instructions: Thursday, May 6, 2021 Page 1 of 4 Company Company The Sawmill Man Name Ricky Pope Name Jason Lowe Business Phone 919-638-0584 Business Phone 336 895-3098 Mobile Phone Mobile Phone Fax Number Fax Number Address 1407 John Jones Rd. Address 2021 Bell Rd City Bahama City Gibsonville State NC State NC ZIP 27503 ZIP 27249 Email: Email: [email protected] Special Special Instructions: Instructions: Company Shane’s Portable Sawmill Company Name Shane Clark Name Jim Dunbar Business Phone 336-516-8126 Business Phone 919-543-5923 Mobile Phone 336-586-0655 Mobile Phone 919-362-5731 Fax Number Fax Number Address Address 8016 Hollander Place City Burlington City Raleigh -
Small Scale Teak Plantations in Luang Prabang Province, Lao
Small scale teak plantations in Luang Prabang province, Lao PDR - Silviculture, ownership and market ii Foreword This minor field study (MFS) was carried out as part of the requirements and corresponds to 10 credits on C level. The Department of Silviculture at the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences has planned the study in co-operation with the National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI) in Lao PDR with the objective to describe the silviculture practise in teak plantations established by small-scale farmers. Besides bio- physical aspects, tenure and market prospects both for plantations as well as for the wood have been discussed. Acknowledgement This study was funded by Sida (Swedish International Development Agency) as an MFS (Minor Field study). The MFS was hosted by the Lao-Swedish Upland Agriculture and Forestry Research Programme (LSUAFRP) which is a programme financed by Sida and run by the National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute of Lao PDR (NAFRI) and Scandia consult Natura (SCC). The MFS took in place in Lao PDR in August and September 2003 and was written in Sweden later that year. We, Niklas Fogdestam and Helena Gålnander, would like to thank the following persons for their support and assistance during the time we have been working with this project: Mr Houmchitsavath, our guide and interpreter during the field days in Pone Xay district. Mr Olle Forshed, our mentor in professional as well as social life in Lao PDR. Mr Robert Nygård, our manager and supporter in Sweden who encouraged us to study our data more thoroughly than we thought possible. -
Pre-Feasibility Study for a Pulpwood Using Facility Siting in the State Of
Wisconsin Wood Marketing Team July 31, 2020 Pre-Feasibility Study for a Pulpwood-Using Facility Siting in the State of Wisconsin Project Director: Donald Peterson Funded by: State of Wisconsin U.S. Forest Service Wood Innovations Table of Contents Project Team ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview ....................................................................................................... 12 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 Assessment Process ................................................................................................................................ 14 Identify potential pulp and wood composite panel technologies ...................................................... 15 Define pulpwood availability ............................................................................................................. -
The Rise of Pine
building history The rise of pine Relative newcomer Pinus radiata quickly established itself as a worthy substitute for diminishing native timber resources, but not without first overcoming preservation issues. By Nigel Isaacs, BRANZ Principal Scientist and Teaching/Research Fellow, School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington nce New Zealand had started down was followed by an expansion of state exotic mill were built of pine produced by the nearby the path of timber buildings, the slow- afforestation in the decade to 1935. Waotu sawmill. An early resident remembers growing native timbers were rapidly From the late 1920s private commercial the weekly weighing of a floorboard to O consumed. By the 1950s, only nine interests actively sought finance to plant forests, determine how much moisture it had absorbed. native tree species were used to any extent: often through the issue of private company A preservation plant was also set up based on ❚ Softwoods – kauri, rimu, matai, totara, bonds – a practice that accelerated out of two pressure cylinders obtained from a defunct kahikatea and miro. control until the Bondholders Incorporation Act concrete block plant in South Auckland and a ❚ Hardwoods – tawa, red and silver beech. 1934 –5 brought order to the chaos. One of boiler from a sawmill in Tauranga. Although The dwindling supplies of native timber were the companies to emerge from this was New built to last only 10 years, the Pinedale sawmill replaced by a relative newcomer – the exotic Zealand Forest Products Ltd. continued to be used into the 1980s. Pinus radiata. By the late 1950s, it had become In 1939, Pinedale was established (about It soon became obvious that uses had to be ‘second only to rimu in commercial importance’. -
A Historical Geography of the Paper Industry in the Wisconsin River Valley
A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN THE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY By [Copyright 2016] Katie L. Weichelt Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geography& Atmospheric Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. James R. Shortridge ________________________________ Dr. Jay T. Johnson ________________________________ Dr. Stephen Egbert ________________________________ Dr. Kim Warren ________________________________ Dr. Phillip J. Englehart Date Defended: April 18, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Katie L. Weichelt certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN THE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. James R. Shortridge Date approved: April 18, 2016 ii Abstract The paper industry, which has played a vital social, economic, and cultural role throughout the Wisconsin River valley, has been under pressure in recent decades. Technology has lowered demand for paper and Asian producers are now competing with North American mills. As a result, many mills throughout the valley have been closed or purchased by nonlocal corporations. Such economic disruption is not new to this region. Indeed, paper manufacture itself emerged when local businessmen diversified their investments following the decline of the timber industry. New technology in the late nineteenth century enabled paper to be made from wood pulp, rather than rags. The area’s scrub trees, bypassed by earlier loggers, produced quality pulp, and the river provided a reliable power source for new factories. By the early decades of the twentieth century, a chain of paper mills dotted the banks of the Wisconsin River. -
Print This Article
PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com The Influence of Different Types of Bisulfite Cooking Liquors on Pine Wood Components Raghu Deshpande,a,* Lars Sundvall,b Hans Grundberg,c and Ulf Germgård a In this laboratory study, the initial phase of a single-stage sodium bisulfite cook was observed and analyzed. The experiments were carried out using either a lab- or a mill-prepared cooking acid, and the cooking temperature used in these experiments was 154 °C. Investigated parameters were the chemical consumption, the pH profile, and the pulp yield with respect to cellulose, lignin, glucomannan, xylan, and finally extractives. Cooking was extended down to approximately 60% pulp yield and the pulp composition during the cook, with respect to carbohydrates and lignin, was summarized in a kinetic model. The mill-prepared cooking acid had a higher COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) content than the lab-prepared cooking acid and this influenced the pH and the formation of thiosulfate during the cook. It was found that the presence of dissolved carbohydrates and lignin in the bisulfite cooking liquor affected the extractives removal and the thiosulfate formation. Keywords: Bisulfite pulping; Cellulose; Extractives; Glucomannan; Kinetics; Lignin; Pine; Sulfate; Thiosulfate; Xylan Contact information: a: Karlstad University, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden; b: MoRe Research, SE-89122 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden; c: Domsjö Fabriker, SE-89186 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden; *Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The sulfite pulping process was developed by B. C. Tilgman in 1866-1867, using calcium as the base to manufacture paper pulp from wood (Rydholm 1965; Sixta 2006). The first sulfite mill was started in Bergvik, Sweden in 1874, using magnesium as the base (Sjöström 1993). -
Massachusetts Sawmill Directory
Massachusetts Directory of Sawmills & Dry Kilns – 2006 David T. Damery and Curt Bellemer - University of Massachusetts, Amherst Gordon Boyce – Massachusetts Dept. of Conservation & Recreation Acknowledgments Cover and interior art courtesy of Joseph Smith. This publication made possible through a grant from the USDA Forest Service. This institution is an equal opportunity provider. Copyright 2006. 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 1 Table of Contents 2 Section 1 – Sawmill & Dry Kiln Directories Introduction 4 Sawmills Operating in Massachusetts 6 Portable Bandmills Operating in Massachusetts 17 Dry Kilns Operating in Massachusetts 20 Section 2 – Forest & Forest Products Industry Information Selected Massachusetts Forest Products Industry Statistics 25 Area by Land Use 26 Trends in Forest Land Area 26 Area of timberland by forest-type and owner, 2005 27 Area of timberland by stand-size class, 2005 28 Volume of growing stock by species group, 2005 29 Net volume of sawtimber by diameter class, 2005 30 County Map of Massachusetts 31 History of Sawmills in the Directory 32 Sawmills by County 32 Softwood & Hardwood Production by County 33 Softwood & Hardwood Production - All Mills 33 Softwood Production - All Mills 34 E. White Pine - Production Volume by County 34 Eastern Hemlock - Production Volume by County 35 Red Pine - Production Volume by County 35 Hardwood Production - All Mills 36 Red Oak - Production Volume by County 36 White Oak - Production Volume by County 37 Sugar Maple - Production Volume by County 37 Size of Mills by Roundwood