The Thai Journal of Urology ISSN 0858-6071 (Print) ISSN 2651-0626 (Online)

Official journal of the Thai Urological Association under the Royal Patronage

Editor in Chief: Monthira Tanthanuch, Prince of Songkla University Managing Editor: Somyot Chirasatitsin, Prince of Songkla University

Editorial Committees Ekkarin Chotikawanich (Siriraj Hospital) Manint Usawachintachit University Phitsanu Mahawong Chiang Mai University Pokket Sirisreetreerux Mahidol University () Satit Siriboonrid Phramongkutklao College of Medicine Tanet Thaidumrong Rajavithi Hospital Teerayut Tangpaitoon Umaphorn Nuanthaisong Vajira Hospital, Navamin dradhiraj University Monthira Tanthanuch Prince of Songkla University Wattanachai Ungjaroenwathana Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital

Editorial Board Apirak Santi-ngamkun Chulalongkorn University Bannakij Lojanapiwat Chiang Mai University Ekkarin Chotikawanich Mahidol University (Siriraj Hospital) Julin Opanuraks Chulalongkorn University Kavirach Tantiwongse Chulalongkorn University Kittinut Kijvikai Mahidol University (Ramathibodi Hospital) Monthira Tanthanuch Prince of Songkla University Phitsanu Mahawong Chiang Mai University Sittiporn Srinualnad Mahidol University (Siriraj Hospital) Sunai Leewansangtong Mahidol University (Siriraj Hospital) Supoj Ratchanon Chulalongkorn University Supon Sriplakich Chiang Mai University Tawatchai Taweemonkongsap Mahidol University (Siriraj Hospital) Vorapot Choonhaklai Rajavithi Hospital Wachira Kochakarn Mahidol University (Ramathibodi Hospital) II วารสาร ยูโร : ปีที่ 41 ฉบับที่ 1 มกราคม - มิถุนายน 2563

International Editors Pediatric Urology ______Prof. Laurence S. Baskin, M.D. Chief of Division of Pediatric Urology Department of Urology, UCSF medical center UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA Assoc. Prof. Francis S. Schneck, M.D. Clinical Director, Division of Pediatric Urology Department of Urology, UPMC University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Prof. John P. Gearhart, M.D. Director of Pediatric Urology Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Functional Urology, Reconstruction ______Peggy Chu, M.D. Past president of the Hong Kong Urological Association Consultant urologist, Division of Urology Department of Surgery, Tuen Mun Hospital Tuen Mun, New territories, Hong Kong SAR, China Assist. Prof. Pual Rusilko, D.O. Instructor, Department of Urology Department of Urology, UPMC University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Assoc. Prof. Vincent Tse, M.D. Chair, Female and Functional Urology Section, USANZ Scientific Co-chair, 51st ICS Annual Meeting 2021 Instructor, Department of Urology University of Sydney and Macquarie University Sydney, Australia Maria Ercilia Zubieta, M.D. Urologist Department of urology Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Andrology and Male Infertility ______Assist. Prof. Faysal A. Yafi, M.D. Medical Director Men’s Health Program Department of Urology UCI, CA, USA

Urologic Oncology, Laparosocopy, Robotics, Endourology ______Man Chi-Wai, M.D. Past president of the Hong Kong Urological Association Consultant urologist, Division of Urology Department of Surgery, Tuen Mun Hospital Tuen Mun, New territories, Hong Kong SAR, China The Thai Journal of Urology : Vol. 41 No. 1 January - June 2020 III

Assist. Prof. Tatum V. Tarin, M.D. Instructor, Department of Urology Department of Urology, UPMC University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Assist. Prof. Steven L Chang, M.D., M.S. Co-Director of Kidney Cancer Center, DFCI/BWH Cancer Center Division of Urology, Department of Urology Harvard , Boston, MA, USA Prof. Koon Ho Rha, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Department of Urology at Yonsel Hopsital Director of planning of Severance Hospital President of Korean Endourological Association Assoc. Prof. Yonghong Li, M.D. Associate Professor Department of Urology Sun Yat- Sen University cancer Center Guangzhou Goangdong China Assist. Prof. Toshio Takagi, M.D. Department of Urology Tokyo women's medical university Tokyo Japan

Endourology ______Prof. Chun-Xiao Liu, M.D. Chief, Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital Professor, Southern Medical University Vice Chairman, Guangdong Urological Association, China Member of EUA, SIU, Endourological Society Prof. Olivier Traxer, M.D. Professor of Urology University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6 Director of the Minimally Invasive Surgery center Urology Dept Tenon Hospital

Kidney transplantation ______Assoc. Prof. Tiong Ho Yee, M.D. Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

English Language ______Pat Scott Chiang Mai University English Language Team Chiang Mai, Joan Peagam Medical and Scientific English Language Consultancy London, UK IV วารสาร ยูโร : ปีที่ 41 ฉบับที่ 1 มกราคม - มิถุนายน 2563

Advisory Board Anupan Tantiwong Apichat Kongkanand Chaiyong Nualyong Choosak Pripatnanont Kriangsak Prasopsanti Krisada Ratana-olarn Phibul Jitpraphai Pichai Bunyaratavej Sathit Ruangdilokrat Supot Wudhikarn Thanoo Choovichian Thangchai Bhanalaph Verasing Muangman Voravat Choomsai Na Ayudhya

Editorial Office Staff Narisa Nakpairat Roongratree Chaisang

Journal Policies The Thai Journal of Urology is the official journal of the Thai Urological Association under the Royal Patronage. We accept interesting urological topics from physicians and all medical providers. The topics should not have been previously published.

Objectives 1. To enhance medical research in urology 2. To propose academic discussions in urology 3. To distribute dedicated works and research in urology Our experts and native English speakers will review all chosen topics. All of the content and opinions in this journal belong solely to the authors, and do not express the opinions of the editors or the Thai Urological Association under the Royal Patronage.

Owner The Thai Urological Association under the Royal Patronage (TUA) Office Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110 Tel. +66 7445-1400, +66 89894-8280. Fax. +66 7442-9384. E-mail: [email protected]

Date of Issue Semi-annually (June and December)