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Stratigraphy of Post-Paleozoic Rocks and Summary of Resources in the Carlin-Pinon Range Area, Nevada

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Stratigraphy of Post-Paleozoic Rocks and Summary of Resources in the Carlin-Pinon Range Area, Nevada Stratigraphy of .... Post-Paleozoic Rocks and Summary of Resources in the Car lin-Pinon Range Area, Nevada GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 867-8 Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Stratigraphy of Post-Paleozoic Rocks and Summary of Resources in the Carlin-Pinon Range Area, Nevada By 1. FRED SMITH, JR. and KEITH B. KETNER With a section on AEROMAGNETIC SURVEY By DON R. MABEY GEOLOGY OF THE CARLIN-PINON RANGE AREA, NEVADA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 867·B Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology· A study of a thick sequence of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Eocene through Pliocene Tertiary nonmarine sedimentary rocks and volcanic and intrusive rocks UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Smith, Joe Fred, 1911- Stratigraphy of post·Paleozoic rocks and summary of resources in the Carlin-Pinon Range area, Nevada. (Geology of the Carlin-Pinon Range area, Nevada) (Geological Survey Professional Paper 867-B) Bibliography: p. 1. Geology, Stratigraphic-Mesozoic. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic-Tertiary. 3. Geology-Nevada-Carlin region. 4. Mines and mineral resources-Nevada-Carlin region. I. Ketner, Keith Brindley, 1921- joint author. II. Mabey, Don R., 1927- joint author. III. Title. IV. Series. V. Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 867-B. QE675.S57 551.7'6'0979316 76-608342 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02897-2 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract . B1 Rock formations - Continued Introduction . 2 Tertiary(?) and Tertiary System - Continued The Carlin-Pinon Range area . 3 Oligocene Series ................................ B23 Fieldwork and acknowledgments . 3 Mafic to silicic volcanics .................... 23 Previous work . 5 Indian Well Formation ...................... 23 Rock formations . 5 Silicic intrusive rocks ....................... 29 Jurassic System . 5 Younger intermediate to silicic volcanics .... 29 Pony Trail Group . 5 Mafic to intermediate plugs and dikes ....... 30 Big Pole Formation . 5 Rhyolitic welded tuff ........................ 32 Sod House Tuff . 5 Miocene Series .................................. 32 Frenchie Creek Rhyolite. 6 Humboldt Formation (restricted) ............ 32 Upper Jurassic intrusive rocks .................... · 6 Palisade Canyon Rhyolite ................... 39 .Cretaceous and younger systems . 8 Andesite and basaltic andesite .............. 39 Cretaceous System . 8 Basalt plugs ................................ 40 Newark Canyon Formation . 8 Tertiary and Quaternary Systems ................... 40 Tertiary(?) and Tertiary System . 13 Pliocene and Pleistocene Series .................. 40 Eocene(?) and Eocene Series. 13 Hay Ranch Formation ...................... 40 Nonvolcanic rocks . 13 Quaternary System ................................. 41 Eocene(?) Series................................... 14 Pleistocene and H~locene Series ................. 41 Limestone and limestone-clast conglomerate... 14 Gravel, sand, and silt ....................... 41 Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and Landslide deposits .......................... 42 limestone . 16 Alluvium and colluvium ..................... 42 Eocene Series ....·. 17 Summary of principal events that affected the development Cherty limestone . 17 of post-Paleozoic rocks .............................. 43 Limestone . 18 Aeromagnetic survey, by Don R. Mabey ................. 43 Eocene or Oligocene Series . 18 Mineral and water resources ............................ 44 Elko Formation . 18 References cited ......................................... 47 Older intermediate volcanics . 23 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Generalized geologic and aeromagnetic map of post-Paleozoic rocks ............................................. In pocket FIGURE 1. Index map . .. B4 2. Sketch map of lenticular units in the Newark Canyon Formation . 8 3-12. Photographs showing: 3. Limestone-clast conglomerate in limestone and limestone-clast conglomerate unit . 15 4. Conglomerate containing boulder-size clasts in the Eocene(?) conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and limestone unit............................................................................................ 17 5. Typical exposure of cherty limestone . 18 6. Steeply dipping Elko Formation overlain unconformably by the Humboldt Formation (restricted) . 20 7. Vertical beds of oil shale in the Elko Formation ............................................... ·.. , . 21 8. Tuffaceous sandstone and conglomerate in the sedimentary rock part of the Indian Well Formation......... 26 9. Massive lapilli tuff in the Indian Well Formation........................................................... 27 10. Lower part of the Humboldt Formation (restricted) . 33 11. Bedded vitric ash in the Humboldt Formation (restricted)................................................... 36 12. Ash derived from Mount Mazama eruption . 42 tn IV CONTENTS TABLES Page 1. Post-Paleozoic rocks of the Carlin-Pinon Range area, Nevada .................................................... B3 2. Analyses of rocks from the Frenchie Creek Rhyolite ...................................... , . 7 3. Radiometric ages and diagnostic fossils of the Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary rocks . 9 4. Analyses of tuff from the Elko Formation and andesite from the mafic to silicic volcanics . 21 5. Analyses of oil-shale samples from Elko County, Nevada ........................................................ 22 6. Analyses of ash-flow tuffs from the Indian Well Formation . 28 7. Analyses of Tertiary silicic intrusive rocks ....................................................................... 30 8. Analyses of andesites from the younger intermediate to silicic volcanics .....................................· . 31 9. Analyses 6f volcanic rocks from the mafic to intermediate plugs and dikes, the rhyolitic welded tuff, and the andesite and basaltic·andesite units .................................................................................... · 31 10. Analyses of rhyolite from the Palisade Canyon Rhyolite . 39 / / / GEOLOGY OF THE CARLIN-PINON RANGE AREA, NEVADA STRATIGRAPHY OF POST-PALEOZOIC ROCKS AND SUMMARY OF RESOURCES IN THE CARLIN-PINON RANGE AREA, NEVADA By J. FRED SMITH, JR., and KEITH B. KETNER ABSTRACT Post-Paleozoic rocks in the Carlin-Pinon Range area, which contains claystone, siltstone, shale and oil shale, and limestone, consists of four 15-minute quadrangles in northeast Nevada, which were deposited in a relatively large basin that extended range in age from Jurassic to Holocene. These rocks have a many kilometres north of the area of this report. This entire composite maximum thickness of about 9,300 m (30,500 ft), of sequence of Eocene(?) and Eocene strata seems to reflect a general which about 2,745 m (9,000 ft) is Jurassic, about 915 m (3,000 ft) decrease in relief of source areas of the sediments and an enlarging Cretaceous, and about 5,640 m (18,500 ft) Tertiary and a little of the basin or basins. Quaternary. 3. Tertiary volcanism. - A tuff that is about 610 m (2,000 ft) The types of rocks formed in this area were influenced by four principal events: (1) Regional uplift that brought an end to marine above' the base of the Elko Formation where that formation is deposition (probably Triassic); (2) Development of basins from thickest in the Carlin-Pinon Range area and the older interme­ Cretaceous to early Tertiary time; (3) Tertiary volcanism; (4) Block diate volcanics mark the first local evidence of volcanic activity. faulting that outlined the basin and range topography of Cretaceous and Tertiary rock units were all nonvolcanic before essentially the present configuration (Miocene). deposition of both the tuff, which is K-Ar dated as 38.6±1.2 m.y., 1. Regional uplift that brought an end to. marine deposition. - and the volcanics, which may be 41.4±1.4 m.y., based on a sample This event, which probably occurred during Triassic time, was from outside the mapped area. After, they were volcanic or followed during the Jurassic by emplacement of a thick series of contained contemporaneous pyroclastic material, except for the nonmarine volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks now exposed almost most recent alluvial and colluvial deposits; however, even entirely in the Cortez Mountains: They make up the Pony Trail Holocene alluvium has some very small pockets of volcanic ash. Group, which consists, in ascending order, of volcaniclastic rocks Volcanic rocks of intermediate composition and probably about of the Big Pole Formation, largely silicic ash-flow tuff of the Sod the same age as the upperpartoftheElkoFormationcoverasmall House Tuff, and andesite to rhyolite lavas and much less tuff and area in the northwest quarter of the mapped area. East of the clastic sedimentary beds in the Frenchie Creek Rhyolite. This Pinon Range, mafic to silicic volcanics and some interlayered group of rocks was intruded by a rhyolite(?) plug assigned to the sandstone overlie the Elko; these volcanics have less than 2.5 km2 Frenchie Creek and by alaskite and granodiorite, all exposed more (1 mi2) of exposure. extensively west of the mapped area. Silicic intrusive rocks of Tertiary age form two stocks and a 2. Development of basins from Cretaceous to early Tertiary time. number of dikes. One stock and most of the dikes are near the - Beginning in late
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