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Front Matter Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62709-2 - The Cambridge Companion to Singing Edited by John Potter Frontmatter More information The Cambridge Companion to Singing Ranging from medieval music to Madonna and beyond, this is the only book to cover in detail so many aspects of the voice. The volume is divided into four broad areas. Popular Traditions begins with an overview of singing traditions in world music and contin- ues with aspects of rock, rap, and jazz. The Voice in the Theatre includes both opera singing from the beginnings to the present day and twentieth-century stage and screen entertainers. Choral Music and Song features a history of the art song, essential hints on singing in a larger choir, the English cathedral tradition and a history of the choral movement in the United States. The final sub- stantial section on performance practices ranges from the voice in the Middle Ages and the interpretation of early singing treatises to contemporary vocal techniques, ensemble singing, the teaching of singing, children’s choirs, and a comprehensive exposition of vocal acoustics. is a member of the internationally renowned vocal groups The Hilliard Ensemble and Red Byrd. He is lecturer in music at the University of York and author of Vocal Authority: Singing Style and Ideology (1998). © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62709-2 - The Cambridge Companion to Singing Edited by John Potter Frontmatter More information Cambridge Companions to Music Instruments The Cambridge Companion to Brass Instruments Edited by Trevor Herbert and John Wallace The Cambridge Companion to the Cello Edited by Robin Stowell The Cambridge Companion to the Clarinet Edited by Colin Lawson The Cambridge Companion to the Organ Edited by Nicholas Thistlethwaite and Geoffrey Webber The Cambridge Companion to the Piano Edited by David Rowland The Cambridge Companion to the Recorder Edited by John Mansfield Thomson The Cambridge Companion to the Saxophone Edited by Richard Ingham The Cambridge Companion to Singing Edited by John Potter The Cambridge Companion to the Violin Edited by Robin Stowell Composers The Cambridge Companion to Bach Edited by John Butt The Cambridge Companion to Bartók Edited by Amanda Bayley The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven Edited by Glenn Stanley The Cambridge Companion to Benjamin Britten Edited by Mervyn Cooke The Cambridge Companion to Berg Edited by Anthony Pople The Cambridge Companion to Berlioz Edited by Peter Bloom The Cambridge Companion to Brahms Edited by Michael Musgrave The Cambridge Companion to Chopin Edited by Jim Samson The Cambridge Companion to Handel Edited by Donald Burrows The Cambridge Companion to Ravel Edited by Deborah Mawer The Cambridge Companion to Schubert Edited by Christopher Gibbs Topics The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock Edited by Simon Frith, Will Straw and John Street © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62709-2 - The Cambridge Companion to Singing Edited by John Potter Frontmatter More information The Cambridge Companion to SINGING John Potter University of York © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62709-2 - The Cambridge Companion to Singing Edited by John Potter Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521622257 © Cambridge University Press 2000 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Reprinted 2000, 2001 (twice) A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data The Cambridge Companion to singing / edited by John Potter. p. cm. – (The Cambridge companions to music) Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: Popular traditions – The voice in the theatre – Choral music and song – Performance practices. ISBN 0 521 62225 5 (hardback) – ISBN 0 521 62709 5 (paperback) 1. Singing–History. 2. Choral singing–History. 3. Vocal music– History and criticism. 4. Performance practice (Music) I. Potter, John, tenor. II. Series. ML1460.C28 2000 782´.009–dc21 99–32948 CIP ISBN-13 978-0-521-62225-7 hardback ISBN-10 0-521-62225-5 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-62709-2 paperback ISBN-10 0-521-62709-5 paperback Transferred to digital printing 2006 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62709-2 - The Cambridge Companion to Singing Edited by John Potter Frontmatter More information Contents List of illustrations [page vi] Notes on contributors [vii] Acknowledgements [x] 1 Introduction: singing at the turn of the century John Potter [1] Part I · Popular traditions 2 ‘Songlines’: vocal traditions in world music John Schaefer [9] 3 Rock singing Richard Middleton [28] 4 The evolving language of rap David Toop [42] 5 Jazz singing: the first hundred years John Potter [53] Part II · The voice in the theatre 6 Stage and screen entertainers in the twentieth century Stephen Banfield [63] 7 Song into theatre: the beginnings of opera John Rosselli [83] 8 Grand opera: nineteenth-century revolution and twentieth-century tradition John Rosselli [96] Part III · Choral music and song 9 European art song Stephen Varcoe [111] 10 English cathedral choirs in the twentieth century Timothy Day [123] 11 Sacred choral music in the United States: an overview Neely Bruce [133] Part IV · Performance practices 12 Some notes on choral singing Heikki Liimola [151] 13 Ensemble singing John Potter [158] 14 The voice in the Middle Ages Joseph Dyer [165] 15 Reconstructing pre-Romantic singing technique Richard Wistreich [178] 16 Alternative voices: contemporary vocal techniques Linda Hirst and David Wright [192] 17 The teaching (and learning) of singing David Mason [204] 18 Children’s singing Felicity Laurence [221] 19 Where does the sound come from? Johan Sundberg [231] Notes [248] Select bibliography [264] Index [279] [v] © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62709-2 - The Cambridge Companion to Singing Edited by John Potter Frontmatter More information Illustrations 1 Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (Jack Vartoogian, 1993, by permission of Shanachie Records). [10] 2 Huun-Huur Tu, throat singers of Tuva (Shanachie Records). [15] 3 Ladysmith Black Mambazo (Shanachie Records). [20] 4 Farinelli, drawn by Antonio Zanetti (Royal Library, Windsor Castle, used by permission). [91] 5 King’s College Chapel, Cambridge: the choir viewed from the screen (Nigel Luckhurst). [130] 6 Choral exercises. [155] 7 Fourteenth-century singing monks (La Bible hystoriaux, Bibliothèque Nationale MSf. fr. 159, fol. 277v, used by permission). [174] 8 Rognoni’s vocal exercises (Rognoni, Selva di varii passaggi, 1620). [189] 9 Cathy Berberian performing Stripsody (Annette Lederer, by permission of Peters Corporation). [200] 10 ‘The soul of music’ (Corri, The Singers Preceptor, 1810). [208] 11 ‘On the swelling and dying of the voice’ (Nathan, Musurgia Vocalis, 1836). [209] 12 Exercises from García (Traité complet de l’art du chant, 1847). [214] 13 Types of placing. [216] 14 Simon says . [229] 15 The voice organ. [232] 16 Subglottal pressure. [235] 17 Transglottal airflow wave forms. [237] 18 Frequency values of first and second formants characterising different vowel sounds. [241] 19 Spectrum contours of the vowel [u:] as pronounced by an operatic baritone singer in neutral speech and singing. [242] 20 The singers’ formant. [243] 21 Speech vs. sung frequencies. [245] 22 Enhanced partials. [247] [vi] © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62709-2 - The Cambridge Companion to Singing Edited by John Potter Frontmatter More information Notes on the contributors Stephen Banfield is Elgar Professor of Music at the University of Birmingham. He is the author of Sensibility and English Song (1985), the award-winning Sondheim’s Broadway Musicals (1993) and Gerald Finzi: An English composer (1997) and is editor of the twentieth-century volume of The Blackwell History of Music in Britain (1995). Neely Bruce is Professor of Music and American Studies, Director of Choral Activities, and former chair of the Music Department at Wesleyan University. He is a composer, conductor, pianist and scholar of American music. He was on the Editorial Committee of New World Records and was the first chairman of the New England Sacred Harp Singing. He has long been associated with the works of John Cage, Henry Brant and Anthony Philip Heinrich,‘The Beethoven of America’. Timothy Day was educated at Oxford University, where he was organ scholar at St John’s College. He joined the staff of the National Sound Archive in London in 1978, and since 1980 has been Curator of Western Art Music. He is currently writing a study of one hundred years of recorded music for Yale University Press. Joseph Dyer teaches music history at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. He is also an organist and has been a performer on historic wind instruments. He has published articles on performance practice, medieval music theory, liturgy and liturgical
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