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The Role of Earthworm Gut-Associated Microorganisms in the Fate of Prions in Soil
THE ROLE OF EARTHWORM GUT-ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS IN THE FATE OF PRIONS IN SOIL Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte D i s s e r t a t i o n von Taras Jur’evič Nechitaylo aus Krasnodar, Russland 2 Acknowledgement I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Kenneth N. Timmis for his guidance in the work and help. I thank Peter N. Golyshin for patience and strong support on this way. Many thanks to my other colleagues, which also taught me and made the life in the lab and studies easy: Manuel Ferrer, Alex Neef, Angelika Arnscheidt, Olga Golyshina, Tanja Chernikova, Christoph Gertler, Agnes Waliczek, Britta Scheithauer, Julia Sabirova, Oleg Kotsurbenko, and other wonderful labmates. I am also grateful to Michail Yakimov and Vitor Martins dos Santos for useful discussions and suggestions. I am very obliged to my family: my parents and my brother, my parents on low and of course to my wife, which made all of their best to support me. 3 Summary.....................................................………………………………………………... 5 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................……... 7 Prion diseases: early hypotheses...………...………………..........…......…......……….. 7 The basics of the prion concept………………………………………………….……... 8 Putative prion dissemination pathways………………………………………….……... 10 Earthworms: a putative factor of the dissemination of TSE infectivity in soil?.………. 11 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………………. 16 2. Materials and Methods.............................…......................................................……….. 17 2.1 Sampling and general experimental design..................................................………. 17 2.2 Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)………..……………………….………. 18 2.2.1 FISH with soil, intestine, and casts samples…………………………….……... 18 Isolation of cells from environmental samples…………………………….………. -
Molecular Detection of a Novel Babesia Sp. and Pathogenic Spotted
Infection, Genetics and Evolution 69 (2019) 190–198 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Infection, Genetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meegid Research paper Molecular detection of a novel Babesia sp. and pathogenic spotted fever T group rickettsiae in ticks collected from hedgehogs in Turkey: Haemaphysalis erinacei, a novel candidate vector for the genus Babesia ⁎ Ömer Orkun , Ayşe Çakmak, Serpil Nalbantoğlu, Zafer Karaer Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In this study, a total of 319 ticks were obtained from hedgehogs (Erinaceus concolor). All ticks were pooled into Erinaceus concolor groups and screened by PCR for tick-borne pathogens (TBPs). PCR and sequence analyses identified the presence Ticks of a novel Babesia sp. in adult Haemaphysalis erinacei. In addition, the presence of natural transovarial trans- Ixodidae mission of this novel Babesia sp. was detected in Ha. erinacei. According to the 18S rRNA (nearly complete) and A novel Babesia sp. partial rRNA locus (ITS-1/5.8S/ITS-2) phylogeny, it was determined that this new species is located within the Rickettsia Babesia sensu stricto clade and is closely related to Babesia spp. found in carnivores. Furthermore, the presence of Turkey three pathogenic spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae was determined in 65.8% of the tick pools: Rickettsia sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae in Hyalomma aegyptium (adult), Hyalomma spp. (larvae), Rhipicephalus turanicus (adult), and Ha. erinacei (adult); Rickettsia aeschlimannii in H. aegyptium (adult); Rickettsia slovaca in Hyalomma spp. (larvae and nymphs) and H. aegyptium (adult). To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. -
Haemogregariny Parazitující U Želv Rodu Pelusios: Fylogenetické Vztahy, Morfologie a Hostitelská Specifita
Haemogregariny parazitující u želv rodu Pelusios: fylogenetické vztahy, morfologie a hostitelská specifita Diplomová práce Bc. Aneta Maršíková Školitel: MVDr. Jana Kvičerová, Ph.D. Školitel specialista: doc. MVDr. Pavel Široký, Ph.D. České Budějovice 2016 Maršíková A., 2016: Haemogregariny parazitující u želv rodu Pelusios: fylogenetické vztahy, morfologie a hostitelská specifita. [Haemogregarines in Pelusios turtles: phylogenetic relationships, morphology, and host specificity, MSc. Thesis, in Czech] – 68 pp., Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Annotation: The study deals with phylogenetic relationships, morphology and host specificity of blood parasites Haemogregarina sp. infecting freswater turtles of the genus Pelusios from Africa. Results of phylogenetic analyses are also used for clarification of phylogenetic relationships between "haemogregarines sensu lato" and genus Haemogregarina. Prohlašuji, že svoji diplomovou práci jsem vypracovala samostatně pouze s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své bakalářské práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě – v úpravě vzniklé vypuštěním vyznačených částí archivovaných Přírodovědeckou fakultou - elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách, a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifikační práce. Souhlasím dále s tím, aby toutéž elektronickou cestou byly v souladu s uvedeným ustanovením zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. zveřejněny posudky školitele a oponentů práce i záznam o průběhu a výsledku obhajoby kvalifikační práce. Rovněž souhlasím s porovnáním textu mé kvalifikační práce s databází kvalifikačních prací Theses.cz provozovanou Národním registrem vysokoškolských kvalifikačních prací a systémem na odhalování plagiátů. -
Broad-Headed Snake (Hoplocephalus Bungaroides)', Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales (1946-7), Pp
Husbandry Guidelines Broad-Headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides Compiler – Charles Morris Western Sydney Institute of TAFE, Richmond Captive Animals Certificate III RUV3020R Lecturers: Graeme Phipps, Jacki Salkeld & Brad Walker 2009 1 Occupational Health and Safety WARNING This Snake is DANGEROUSLY VENOMOUS CAPABLE OF INFLICTING A POTENTIALLY FATAL BITE ALWAYS HAVE A COMPRESSION BANDAGE WITHIN REACH SNAKE BITE TREATMENT: Do NOT wash the wound. Do NOT cut the wound, apply substances to the wound or use a tourniquet. Do NOT remove jeans or shirt as any movement will assist the venom to enter the blood stream. KEEP THE VICTIM STILL. 1. Apply a broad pressure bandage over the bite site as soon as possible. 2. Keep the limb still. The bandage should be as tight as you would bind a sprained ankle. 3. Extend the bandage down to the fingers or toes then up the leg as high as possible. (For a bite on the hand or forearm bind up to the elbow). 4. Apply a splint if possible, to immobilise the limb. 5. Bind it firmly to as much of the limb as possible. (Use a sling for an arm injury). Bring transport to the victim where possible or carry them to transportation. Transport the victim to the nearest hospital. Please Print this page off and put it up on the wall in your snake room. 2 There is some serious occupational health risks involved in keeping venomous snakes. All risk can be eliminated if kept clean and in the correct lockable enclosures with only the risk of handling left in play. -
Husbandry Manual for the Shingleback Lizard Tiliqua Rugosa
Husbandry Manual for The Shingleback Lizard Tiliqua rugosa GRAY, 1825 Reptilia:Scincidae Compiler: Andrew Titmuss Date of Preparation: 2007 University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury © Andrew Titmuss 2007 1 A Husbandry Manual template has been developed to standardise information on captive management needs in a concise, accessible and usable form. Currently there is no Husbandry Manual for the Shingleback Lizard. As these lizards are commonly kept in zoological and private collections in Australia and internationally, a Husbandry Manual could be widely used. This Husbandry Manual is set out as per the husbandry manual template designed by Stephen Jackson and Graeme Phipps. The template is a document that was created to maintain husbandry manual uniformity and thus its effectiveness and ease of use. It is intended as a working document. It is designed to be used by any institution, as well as private collections, holding this species. Although these lizards are easy to keep in captivity they do have some special requirements. The aim of the Husbandry Manual is to summarise and consolidate information regarding OHS, natural history, captive management and ethical husbandry techniques and conservation from a variety of sources. It should provide information on appropriate husbandry with scope for improved health and welfare and captive breeding if required. The University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, is planning on keeping Shingleback Lizards amongst other species in their reptile unit. This manual can be used by the University of -
(Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) from the Blood of Echis Pyramidum: Morphology and SSU Rdna Sequence Hepatozoon Pyramidumi Sp
Original Article ISSN 1984-2961 (Electronic) www.cbpv.org.br/rbpv Hepatozoon pyramidumi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) from the blood of Echis pyramidum: morphology and SSU rDNA sequence Hepatozoon pyramidumi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) do sangue de Echis pyramidum: morfologia e sequência de SSU rDNA Lamjed Mansour1,2; Heba Mohamed Abdel-Haleem3; Esam Sharf Al-Malki4; Saleh Al-Quraishy1; Abdel-Azeem Shaban Abdel-Baki3* 1 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2 Unité de Recherche de Biologie Intégrative et Écologie Évolutive et Fonctionnelle des Milieux Aquatiques, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia 3 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt 4 Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia How to cite: Mansour L, Abdel-Haleem HM, Al-Malki ES, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Baki AZS. Hepatozoon pyramidumi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) from the blood of Echis pyramidum: morphology and SSU rDNA sequence. Braz J Vet Parasitol 2020; 29(2): e002420. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612020019 Abstract Hepatozoon pyramidumi sp. n. is described from the blood of the Egyptian saw-scaled viper, Echis pyramidum, captured from Saudi Arabia. Five out of ten viper specimens examined (50%) were found infected with Hepatozoon pyramidumi sp. n. with parasitaemia level ranged from 20-30%. The infection was restricted only to the erythrocytes. Two morphologically different forms of intraerythrocytic stages were observed; small and mature gamonts. The small ganomt with average size of 10.7 × 3.5 μm. Mature gamont was sausage-shaped with recurved poles measuring 16.3 × 4.2 μm in average size. -
Wildlife Parasitology in Australia: Past, Present and Future
CSIRO PUBLISHING Australian Journal of Zoology, 2018, 66, 286–305 Review https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO19017 Wildlife parasitology in Australia: past, present and future David M. Spratt A,C and Ian Beveridge B AAustralian National Wildlife Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. BVeterinary Clinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic. 3030, Australia. CCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Wildlife parasitology is a highly diverse area of research encompassing many fields including taxonomy, ecology, pathology and epidemiology, and with participants from extremely disparate scientific fields. In addition, the organisms studied are highly dissimilar, ranging from platyhelminths, nematodes and acanthocephalans to insects, arachnids, crustaceans and protists. This review of the parasites of wildlife in Australia highlights the advances made to date, focussing on the work, interests and major findings of researchers over the years and identifies current significant gaps that exist in our understanding. The review is divided into three sections covering protist, helminth and arthropod parasites. The challenge to document the diversity of parasites in Australia continues at a traditional level but the advent of molecular methods has heightened the significance of this issue. Modern methods are providing an avenue for major advances in documenting and restructuring the phylogeny of protistan parasites in particular, while facilitating the recognition of species complexes in helminth taxa previously defined by traditional morphological methods. The life cycles, ecology and general biology of most parasites of wildlife in Australia are extremely poorly understood. While the phylogenetic origins of the Australian vertebrate fauna are complex, so too are the likely origins of their parasites, which do not necessarily mirror those of their hosts. -
Entamoeba Invadens
R O UNDTAB LI Entamoeba invadens Entamoeba invadens is a very significant protozoan pathogen affecting several reptile taxons. Amoebiasis is often associated with disease in squamates, but can also cause significant morbidity and mortality in chelonians as well. This panel has extensive experience in chelonian medicine and will provide up-to-date information on diagnosing and treating chelonian species with amoebiasis. Barbara Bonner, DVM, MS The Turtle Hospital of New England 1 Grafton Road, Upton, MA 01568-1569, USA Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jhms/article-pdf/11/3/17/2203726/1529-9651_11_3_17.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 Mary Denver, DVM Baltimore Zoo Druid Hill Park, Baltimore, MD 21217, USA Michael Gamer, DVM, DACVP Northwest Zoo Path 18210 Waverly, Snohomish, WA 98296, USA Charles Innis, VMD VC A Westboro Animal Hospital 155 Turnpike Road, Route 9, Westboro, MA 01581, USA Moderator: Robert Nathan, DVM 1). Which species of chelonians do you see with Entamoeba Geochelone elegans. We have seen clinical disease in mata invadens? matas, Chelus fimbriatus, and African mud turtles, Pelusios Bonner: I have seen Entamoeba and clinical signs of ill subniger. health that improved upon treatment in Gulf coast box turtle, Garner: Northwest ZooPath has cases of amoebiasis in all Terrapene Carolina major, three-toed box turtle, T. Carolina groups of reptiles, including snakes, lizards, chelonians, and triungulis, leopard tortoise, Geochelone pardalis, Travancore crocodilians. Since inception in 1994, we have accumulated tortoise, Indotestudo forsteni, Geoemyda yuwonoi, spiny tur 13 cases of amoebiasis in tortoises, and one case in a turtle. -
Preliminary Notes on the Use of the Predatory Soil Mite Stratiolaelaps Scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) As a Biological Control Agent for Acariasis in Lizards Robert W
Preliminary Notes on the Use of the Predatory Soil Mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) as a Biological Control Agent for Acariasis in Lizards Robert W. Mendyk, BS, MA Department of Herpetology, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA Current address: Department of Herpetology, Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, 307 Zoo Parkway, Jacksonville, FL 32218, USA ABSTRaCT: While commonly employed by the agricultural and horticultural industries, biological control has rarely been utilized in herpetological husbandry to treat infectious or parasitic diseases. This case study describes the use of the predatory soil mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus to treat parasitic mite infestations in two adult inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). Stratiolaelaps scimitus applied directly to the existing terrarium substrate appeared to have eliminated all traces of parasitic mite infestation in both lizards within 5 days. These results, although preliminary, highlight the potential utility of predatory mites and other biological control agents in the husbandry and veterinary management of reptiles in captivity. KEY WORDS: Acariasis, biological control, Hypoaspis miles, lizards, predatory mites, Stratiolaelaps scimitus. INTRODUCTiON CaSE REPORT Hematophagic and lymphophagic mites are common A sexual pair of adult inland bearded dragons (Pogona parasites of reptiles in captivity, where they can spread vitticeps) was acquired by a private keeper in 2007. The rapidly through a collection and be difficult to eradicate female (18.3 cm snout–vent length [SVL]; 265 g) was received completely (DeNardo and Wozniak, 1997; Wozniak and in August 2007 while the male (15.2 cm SVL; 168 g) was DeNardo, 2000; Fitzgerald and Vera, 2006; Schilliger et al., purchased at a reptile exposition in early December 2007. -
Parasitic Diseases 5Th Edition
This is an excerpt from Parasitic Diseases 5th Edition Visit www.parasiticdiseases.org for order information Fifth Edition Parasitic Diseases Despommier Gwadz Hotez Knirsch Apple Trees Productions L.L.C. NY 8 The Protozoa . Entamoeba histolytica (Schaudinn 1903) Introduction Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted from person to person via the fecal-oral route, taking up residence in the wall of the large intestine. It is one of the lead- ing causes of diarrheal disease throughout the world. Protracted infection can progress from watery diarrhea to dysentery (bloody diarrhea) that may prove fatal if left untreated. In addition, E. histolytica can spread to extra-intestinal sites causing serious disease wherever it locates. E. histolytica lives as a trophozoite in the tis- sues of the host and as a resistant cyst in the outside environment. Sanitation programs designed to limit exposure to food and water-borne diarrheal disease Figure .. Cyst of E. histolytica. Two nuclei agents are effective in limiting infection with E. histolyti- (arrows) and a smooth-ended chromatoidal bar can ca. Some animals (non-human primates and domestic be seen. 15 µm. dogs) can become infected with E. histolytica, but none serve as important reservoirs for human infection. Historical Information Entamoeba dispar is a morphologically identical, non-pathogenic amoeba, and is often misidentified as Losch, in 1875,6 described clinical features of infec- E. histolytica during microscopic examination of fecal tion with E. histolytica and reproduced some aspects of samples.1 Monoclonal antibodies are commercially the disease in experimentally infected dogs. Quincke available that identify only E. histolytica, distinguishing and Roos, in 1893,7 distinguished E. -
Mycoplasmosis and Upper Respiratory Tract Disease of Tortoises: a Review and Update Elliott R
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector The Veterinary Journal 201 (2014) 257–264 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Veterinary Journal journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tvjl Review Mycoplasmosis and upper respiratory tract disease of tortoises: A review and update Elliott R. Jacobson a,*, Mary B. Brown b, Lori D. Wendland b, Daniel R. Brown b, Paul A. Klein c, Mary M. Christopher d, Kristin H. Berry e a Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA b Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA c Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA d Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA e US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Riverside, CA 92518, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Tortoise mycoplasmosis is one of the most extensively characterized infectious diseases of chelonians. Accepted 30 May 2014 A 1989 outbreak of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in free-ranging Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) brought together an investigative team of researchers, diagnosticians, pathologists, immunolo- Keywords: gists and clinicians from multiple institutions and -
ARAV Monthly Herp Blerp
Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians Advancing reptilian & amphibian medicine, surgery, & conservation worldwide ARAV Monthly Herp Blerp Greetings from the ARAV Technician Liaison Issue 15, May 2014 Hello my Reptilian and Amphibian shugs, This weather out here in the Midwestern United States has been insane lately! Much like my exothermic friends I don’t know whether to enjoy the sunshine or hold up in a hibernaculum! Hopefully, our other illus- trious members are enjoying a better temperature range and have been seeing less patients with upper res- piratory disease. If you would like to stay up to date on what everyone around the world is treating cur- rently, check us out on Facebook! Scan the code (yes, even from your computer un- less you are reading this on your phone) or track us down! We have a members only group that you don’t want to miss!! Your Herp Blerpin’ Tech, Erica Mede, CVT If The Black Speck is Moving You MITE Have a Problem! Ophionyssus natricis, the reptile mite, also commonly known as the dreaded snake mite. Mites, just like ticks and lice, are arthropods and belong to the class Arachnida. They have eight legs and their bodies, Tips, Tricks, and Toys very similar ticks, will engorge with blood from their host. This little arthropod is considered to be the Have a large monitor or crocodilian scourge of the reptile community. These species that needs an endotracheal tube specific parasites are notorious for infesting an entire but you don’t want them to crush it collection of animals quickly and over whelming owners, and clinicians, on recovery? alike.