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A Quick Guide to Southeast Florida's Coral Reefs
A Quick Guide to Southeast Florida’s Coral Reefs DAVID GILLIAM NATIONAL CORAL REEF INSTITUTE NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY Spring 2013 Prepared by the Land-based Sources of Pollution Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) of the Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative (SEFCRI) BRIAN WALKER NATIONAL CORAL REEF INSTITUTE, NOVA SOUTHEASTERN Southeast Florida’s coral-rich communities are more valuable than UNIVERSITY the Spanish treasures that sank nearby. Like the lost treasures, these amazing reefs lie just a few hundred yards off the shores of Martin, Palm Beach, Broward and Miami-Dade Counties where more than one-third of Florida’s 19 million residents live. Fishing, diving, and boating help attract millions of visitors to southeast Florida each year (30 million in 2008/2009). Reef-related expen- ditures generate $5.7 billion annually in income and sales, and support more than 61,000 local jobs. Such immense recreational activity, coupled with the pressures of coastal development, inland agriculture, and robust cruise and commercial shipping industries, threaten the very survival of our reefs. With your help, reefs will be protected from local stresses and future generations will be able to enjoy their beauty and economic benefits. Coral reefs are highly diverse and productive, yet surprisingly fragile, ecosystems. They are built by living creatures that require clean, clear seawater to settle, mature and reproduce. Reefs provide safe havens for spectacular forms of marine life. Unfortunately, reefs are vulnerable to impacts on scales ranging from local and regional to global. Global threats to reefs have increased along with expanding ART SEITZ human populations and industrialization. Now, warming seawater temperatures and changing ocean chemistry from carbon dioxide emitted by the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are also starting to imperil corals. -
Typology of Programming Languages E Early Languages E
Typology of programming languages e Early Languages E Typology of programming languages Early Languages 1 / 71 The Tower of Babel Typology of programming languages Early Languages 2 / 71 Table of Contents 1 Fortran 2 ALGOL 3 COBOL 4 The second wave 5 The finale Typology of programming languages Early Languages 3 / 71 IBM Mathematical Formula Translator system Fortran I, 1954-1956, IBM 704, a team led by John Backus. Typology of programming languages Early Languages 4 / 71 IBM 704 (1956) Typology of programming languages Early Languages 5 / 71 IBM Mathematical Formula Translator system The main goal is user satisfaction (economical interest) rather than academic. Compiled language. a single data structure : arrays comments arithmetics expressions DO loops subprograms and functions I/O machine independence Typology of programming languages Early Languages 6 / 71 FORTRAN’s success Because: programmers productivity easy to learn by IBM the audience was mainly scientific simplifications (e.g., I/O) Typology of programming languages Early Languages 7 / 71 FORTRAN I C FIND THE MEAN OF N NUMBERS AND THE NUMBER OF C VALUES GREATER THAN IT DIMENSION A(99) REAL MEAN READ(1,5)N 5 FORMAT(I2) READ(1,10)(A(I),I=1,N) 10 FORMAT(6F10.5) SUM=0.0 DO 15 I=1,N 15 SUM=SUM+A(I) MEAN=SUM/FLOAT(N) NUMBER=0 DO 20 I=1,N IF (A(I) .LE. MEAN) GOTO 20 NUMBER=NUMBER+1 20 CONTINUE WRITE (2,25) MEAN,NUMBER 25 FORMAT(11H MEAN = ,F10.5,5X,21H NUMBER SUP = ,I5) STOP TypologyEND of programming languages Early Languages 8 / 71 Fortran on Cards Typology of programming languages Early Languages 9 / 71 Fortrans Typology of programming languages Early Languages 10 / 71 Table of Contents 1 Fortran 2 ALGOL 3 COBOL 4 The second wave 5 The finale Typology of programming languages Early Languages 11 / 71 ALGOL, Demon Star, Beta Persei, 26 Persei Typology of programming languages Early Languages 12 / 71 ALGOL 58 Originally, IAL, International Algebraic Language. -
Cobol/Cobol Database Interface.Htm Copyright © Tutorialspoint.Com
CCOOBBOOLL -- DDAATTAABBAASSEE IINNTTEERRFFAACCEE http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cobol/cobol_database_interface.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com As of now, we have learnt the use of files in COBOL. Now, we will discuss how a COBOL program interacts with DB2. It involves the following terms: Embedded SQL DB2 Application Programming Host Variables SQLCA SQL Queries Cursors Embedded SQL Embedded SQL statements are used in COBOL programs to perform standard SQL operations. Embedded SQL statements are preprocessed by SQL processor before the application program is compiled. COBOL is known as the Host Language. COBOL-DB2 applications are those applications that include both COBOL and DB2. Embedded SQL statements work like normal SQL statements with some minor changes. For example, that output of a query is directed to a predefined set of variables which are referred as Host Variables. An additional INTO clause is placed in the SELECT statement. DB2 Application Programming Following are rules to be followed while coding a COBOL-DB2 program: All the SQL statements must be delimited between EXEC SQL and END-EXEC. SQL statements must be coded in Area B. All the tables that are used in a program must be declared in the Working-Storage Section. This is done by using the INCLUDE statement. All SQL statements other than INCLUDE and DECLARE TABLE must appear in the Procedure Division. Host Variables Host variables are used for receiving data from a table or inserting data in a table. Host variables must be declared for all values that are to be passed between the program and the DB2. They are declared in the Working-Storage Section. -
A Politico-Social History of Algolt (With a Chronology in the Form of a Log Book)
A Politico-Social History of Algolt (With a Chronology in the Form of a Log Book) R. w. BEMER Introduction This is an admittedly fragmentary chronicle of events in the develop ment of the algorithmic language ALGOL. Nevertheless, it seems perti nent, while we await the advent of a technical and conceptual history, to outline the matrix of forces which shaped that history in a political and social sense. Perhaps the author's role is only that of recorder of visible events, rather than the complex interplay of ideas which have made ALGOL the force it is in the computational world. It is true, as Professor Ershov stated in his review of a draft of the present work, that "the reading of this history, rich in curious details, nevertheless does not enable the beginner to understand why ALGOL, with a history that would seem more disappointing than triumphant, changed the face of current programming". I can only state that the time scale and my own lesser competence do not allow the tracing of conceptual development in requisite detail. Books are sure to follow in this area, particularly one by Knuth. A further defect in the present work is the relatively lesser availability of European input to the log, although I could claim better access than many in the U.S.A. This is regrettable in view of the relatively stronger support given to ALGOL in Europe. Perhaps this calmer acceptance had the effect of reducing the number of significant entries for a log such as this. Following a brief view of the pattern of events come the entries of the chronology, or log, numbered for reference in the text. -
Modern Programming Languages CS508 Virtual University of Pakistan
Modern Programming Languages (CS508) VU Modern Programming Languages CS508 Virtual University of Pakistan Leaders in Education Technology 1 © Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan Modern Programming Languages (CS508) VU TABLE of CONTENTS Course Objectives...........................................................................................................................4 Introduction and Historical Background (Lecture 1-8)..............................................................5 Language Evaluation Criterion.....................................................................................................6 Language Evaluation Criterion...................................................................................................15 An Introduction to SNOBOL (Lecture 9-12).............................................................................32 Ada Programming Language: An Introduction (Lecture 13-17).............................................45 LISP Programming Language: An Introduction (Lecture 18-21)...........................................63 PROLOG - Programming in Logic (Lecture 22-26) .................................................................77 Java Programming Language (Lecture 27-30)..........................................................................92 C# Programming Language (Lecture 31-34) ...........................................................................111 PHP – Personal Home Page PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (Lecture 35-37)........................129 Modern Programming Languages-JavaScript -
Verifiable Semantic Difference Languages
Verifiable Semantic Difference Languages Thibaut Girka David Mentré Yann Régis-Gianas Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Europe Europe Cité, IRIF/PPS, UMR 8243 CNRS, PiR2, Rennes, France Rennes, France INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt Paris, France ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Program differences are usually represented as textual differences Let x be a strictly positive natural number. Consider the following on source code with no regard to its syntax or its semantics. In two (almost identical) imperative programs: this paper, we introduce semantic-aware difference languages. A difference denotes a relation between program reduction traces. A s = 0 ; 1 s = 0 ; 1 difference language for the toy imperative programming language d = x ; 2 d = x − 1 ; 2 while (d>0) { 3 while (d>0) { 3 Imp is given as an illustration. i f (x%d== 0) 4 i f (x%d== 0) 4 To certify software evolutions, we want to mechanically verify s = s + d ; 5 s = s + d ; 5 − − that a difference correctly relates two given programs. Product pro- d = d 1 ; 6 d = d 1 ; 6 } 7 } 7 grams and correlating programs are effective proof techniques for s = s − x 8 8 relational reasoning. A product program simulates, in the same programming language as the compared programs, a well-chosen The program P1 (on the left) stores in s the sum of the proper interleaving of their executions to highlight a specific relation be- divisors of the integer x. To that end, it iterates over the integers tween their reduction traces. While this approach enables the use from x to 1 using the variable d and accumulates in the variable s of readily-available static analysis tools on the product program, it the values of d that divide x. -
Easyaccess: Enhanced SQL Command Line Interpreter for Astronomical Surveys
easyaccess: Enhanced SQL command line interpreter for astronomical surveys Matias Carrasco Kind1, Alex Drlica-Wagner2, Audrey Koziol1, and Don Petravick1 1 National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1205 W Clark St, Urbana, IL USA 61801 2 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, DOI: 00.00000/joss.00000 Batavia,IL 60510, USA Software • Review Summary • Repository • Archive easyaccess is an enhanced command line interpreter and Python package created to Submitted: 00 January 0000 facilitate access to astronomical catalogs stored in SQL Databases. It provides a custom Published: 00 January 0000 interface with custom commands and was specifically designed to access data from the License Dark Energy Survey Oracle database, although it can easily be extended to another survey Authors of papers retain copyright or SQL database. The package was completely written in Python and support customized and release the work under a Cre- addition of commands and functionalities. Visit https://github.com/mgckind/easyaccess ative Commons Attribution 4.0 In- to view installation instructions, tutorials, and the Python source code for easyaccess. ternational License (CC-BY). The Dark Energy Survey The Dark Energy Survey (DES) (DES Collaboration 2005; DES Collaboration 2016) is an international, collaborative effort of over 500 scientists from 26 institutions in seven countries. The primary goals of DES are reveal the nature of the mysterious dark energy and dark matter by mapping hundreds of millions of galaxies, detecting thousands of supernovae, and finding patterns in the large-scale structure of the Universe. Survey operations began on on August 31, 2013 and will conclude in early 2019. -
Standards for Computer Aided Manufacturing
//? VCr ~ / Ct & AFML-TR-77-145 )R^ yc ' )f f.3 Standards for Computer Aided Manufacturing Office of Developmental Automation and Control Technology Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 January 1977 Final Technical Report, March— December 1977 Distribution limited to U.S. Government agencies only; Test and Evaluation Data; Statement applied November 1976. Other requests for this document must be referred to AFML/LTC, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433 Manufacturing Technology Division Air Force Materials Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433 . NOTICES When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related Government procurement opera- tion, the United States Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawing, specification, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto Copies of this report should not be returned unless return is required by security considerations, contractual obligations, or notice on a specified document This final report was submitted by the National Bureau of Standards under military interdepartmental procurement request FY1457-76 -00369 , "Manufacturing Methods Project on Standards for Computer Aided Manufacturing." This technical report has been reviewed and is approved for publication. FOR THE COMMANDER: DtiWJNlb L. -
10 Programming Languages You Should Learn Right Now by Deborah Rothberg September 15, 2006 8 Comments Posted Add Your Opinion
10 Programming Languages You Should Learn Right Now By Deborah Rothberg September 15, 2006 8 comments posted Add your opinion Knowing a handful of programming languages is seen by many as a harbor in a job market storm, solid skills that will be marketable as long as the languages are. Yet, there is beauty in numbers. While there may be developers who have had riches heaped on them by knowing the right programming language at the right time in the right place, most longtime coders will tell you that periodically learning a new language is an essential part of being a good and successful Web developer. "One of my mentors once told me that a programming language is just a programming language. It doesn't matter if you're a good programmer, it's the syntax that matters," Tim Huckaby, CEO of San Diego-based software engineering company CEO Interknowlogy.com, told eWEEK. However, Huckaby said that while his company is "swimmi ng" in work, he's having a nearly impossible time finding recruits, even on the entry level, that know specific programming languages. "We're hiring like crazy, but we're not having an easy time. We're just looking for attitude and aptitude, kids right out of school that know .Net, or even Java, because with that we can train them on .Net," said Huckaby. "Don't get fixated on one or two languages. When I started in 1969, FORTRAN, COBOL and S/360 Assembler were the big tickets. Today, Java, C and Visual Basic are. In 10 years time, some new set of languages will be the 'in thing.' …At last count, I knew/have learned over 24 different languages in over 30 years," Wayne Duqaine, director of Software Development at Grandview Systems, of Sebastopol, Calif., told eWEEK. -
Functional Thinking
Functional Thinking director / software architect NEAL FORD meme wrangler ® ThoughtWorks [email protected] 2002 Summit Boulevard, Atlanta, GA 30319 nealford.com thoughtworks.com memeagora.blogspot.com @neal4d 1 a metaphor an essay a history lesson 2 3 4 new language: easy new paradigm: hard 5 “functional” is more a way of thinking than a tool set 6 Execution in the Kingdom of Nouns Steve Yegge http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/ 2006/03/execution-in-kingdom-of-nouns.html 7 v e r b s ! 8 ! 9 http://oreilly.com/news/languageposter_0504.html 1954 1957 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 PostScript level 3 PostScript level 3 PostScript PostScript level 2 PostScript level 3 v 3016 v 3017 1982 1992 september 11, 1996 OO Forth 2003 september 11, 2005 1987 Forth FIG-Forth Forth-83 ANS Forth ISO Forth 1968 1978 1983 1986 1997 Logo Object Logo Tcl Tcl/Tk Tcl/Tk 8.1 Tcl/Tk 8.2.3 Tcl/Tk 8.3 Tcl/Tk 8.4 Tcl/Tk 8.4.1 Tcl/Tk 8.4.2 Tcl/Tk 8.4.3 Tcl/Tk 8.4.4 Tcl/Tk 8.4.5 Tcl/Tk 8.4.6 Tcl/Tk 8.4.7 Tcl/Tk 8.4.8 Tcl/Tk 8.4.9 Tcl/Tk 8.4.11 Tcl/Tk 8.4.12 Tcl/Tk 8.4.13 Tcl/Tk 8.4.14 Tcl/Tk 8.4.15 Tcl/Tk 8.5 Tcl/Tk 8.5.5 Tcl/Tk 8.5.6 Tcl/Tk 8.5.7 Tcl/Tk 8.5.9 1968 1986 mid 1988 end 1988 april 1999 dec. -
An Introduction to Programming in Simula
An Introduction to Programming in Simula Rob Pooley This document, including all parts below hyperlinked directly to it, is copyright Rob Pooley ([email protected]). You are free to use it for your own non-commercial purposes, but may not copy it or reproduce all or part of it without including this paragraph. If you wish to use it for gain in any manner, you should contact Rob Pooley for terms appropriate to that use. Teachers in publicly funded schools, universities and colleges are free to use it in their normal teaching. Anyone, including vendors of commercial products, may include links to it in any documentation they distribute, so long as the link is to this page, not any sub-part. This is an .pdf version of the book originally published by Blackwell Scientific Publications. The copyright of that book also belongs to Rob Pooley. REMARK: This document is reassembled from the HTML version found on the web: https://web.archive.org/web/20040919031218/http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~rjp/bookhtml/ Oslo 20. March 2018 Øystein Myhre Andersen Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Begin at the beginning Basics Chapter 2 - And end at the end Syntax and semantics of basic elements Chapter 3 - Type cast actors Basic arithmetic and other simple types Chapter 4 - If only Conditional statements Chapter 5 - Would you mind repeating that? Texts and while loops Chapter 6 - Correct Procedures Building blocks Chapter 7 - File FOR future reference Simple input and output using InFile, OutFile and PrintFile Chapter 8 - Item by Item Item oriented reading and writing and for loops Chapter 9 - Classes as Records Chapter 10 - Make me a list Lists 1 - Arrays and simple linked lists Reference comparison Chapter 11 - Like parent like child Sub-classes and complex Boolean expressions Chapter 12 - A Language with Character Character handling, switches and jumps Chapter 13 - Let Us See what We Can See Inspection and Remote Accessing Chapter 14 - Side by Side Coroutines Chapter 15 - File For Immediate Use Direct and Byte Files Chapter 16 - With All My Worldly Goods.. -
A Command-Line Interface for Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Simulations
taurenmd: A command-line interface for analysis of Molecular Dynamics simulations. João M.C. Teixeira1, 2 1 Previous, Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Section, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain 2 DOI: 10.21105/joss.02175 Current, Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Software Canada • Review Summary • Repository • Archive Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of biological molecules have evolved drastically since its application was first demonstrated four decades ago (McCammon, Gelin, & Karplus, 1977) and, nowadays, simulation of systems comprising millions of atoms is possible due to the latest Editor: Richard Gowers advances in computation and data storage capacity – and the scientific community’s interest Reviewers: is growing (Hospital, Battistini, Soliva, Gelpí, & Orozco, 2019). Academic groups develop most of the MD methods and software for MD data handling and analysis. The MD analysis • @amritagos libraries developed solely for the latter scope nicely address the needs of manipulating raw data • @luthaf and calculating structural parameters, such as: MDAnalysis (Gowers et al., 2016; Michaud- Agrawal, Denning, Woolf, & Beckstein, 2011); (McGibbon et al., 2015); (Romo, Submitted: 03 March 2020 MDTraj LOOS Published: 02 June 2020 Leioatts, & Grossfield, 2014); and PyTraj (Hai Nguyen, 2016; Roe & Cheatham, 2013), each with its advantages and drawbacks inherent to their implementation strategies. This diversity License enriches the field with a panoply of strategies that the community can utilize. Authors of papers retain copyright and release the work The MD analysis software libraries widely distributed and adopted by the community share under a Creative Commons two main characteristics: 1) they are written in pure Python (Rossum, 1995), or provide a Attribution 4.0 International Python interface; and 2) they are libraries: highly versatile and powerful pieces of software that, License (CC BY 4.0).