DOCSLIB.ORG

First Native Americans According to Science

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FIRST NATIVE AMERICANS ACCORDING TO SCIENCE Yuma Indians 1858 San Francisco Bay Indians 1816 San Diegueno Indians 1858 College of the Canyons • ANTH 210 • Indians of California Angela R. Kirwin, M.A. • February 2015 1 TOPICS • Scientific Method (for research projects) • Geologic/Climate Timeline • 5 Pre-Columbian Archeological Time Periods • Who were the first Native Americans? 1. Berengia Land Route – Clovis People 2. Atlantic Route – Salutreans 3. Coastal Route – Maritime Peoples from E. Asia • 4 Migration Waves • Physical traits of the first Native Americans 2 SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD Scientific Method: 1. Research Question (RQ) 2. Literature Review 3. Hypothesis (H1 or H0) 4. Research (Observation or Experiment) 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion 3 SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS • Empirical Data: Facts based on evidence that can be observed • Hypothesis: A provisional answer (or prediction) • Theory: A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested by scientists who have been unable to disprove it • Bias: Researcher errors based on insuffcient data, personal perspective, skills of the researcher, research questions 4 NUMBERING CALENDAR YEARS B.C.E. “Before Common Era” = B.C. C.E. “Common Era” = A.D. A.D. or AD “Anno Domini” (Year of Our Lord) B.C. or BC “Before Christ” BP “Before Present” • kya: “thousand years ago” “million years ago” • mya: Pope Gregory XIII introduced Gregorian Calendar in 1582 Examples: Pleistocene: 2.588 mya to 11.7 kya = 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago Holocene: 11.7kya to Present = 11,700 years a go to the Present 8,000 B.C.E = 8,000 B.C. = 10,000 years ago/10,000 BP 5 GEOLOGIC/CLIMATE TIMELINE Holocene • Pleistocene (“Ice Age”): 2.588 mya to 11.7 kya – Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) : 26,000-19,000 BP – Younger Dryas Period: 12,800-11,500 BP (10,800-9,500 BC or BCE) Period of severe arctic cold and global drought • Holocene: 11.7kya to Present 6 GEOLOGIC/CLIMATE TIMELINE Many prehistoric Native American coastal settlements are submerged under water now. Sea Level is more than 20 meters (65.6 feet) higher now than at the beginning of the Holocene 11,700 BP 7 “ICE AGE” GLACIER CHANGES IN NORTH AMERICA Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) “Ice Free Corridor” in in Berengia 26kya to 18kya circa 13kya 8 FIRST NATIVE AMERICANS • Paleo Indians (aka: “Paleoindians” or “Paleoamericans”) • Paleo-Indian Period (aka: “Lithic Stage”) • 5 Pre-Columbian Time Periods: 9 THREE THEORIES ABOUT WHO WERE THE FIRST NATIVE AMERICANS 1. Berengia Land Route – Clovis People – 13kya 2. Atlantic Route – Solutreans – 13kya 3. Coastal Route – Maritime East Asians – 16-14kya 10 BERENGIA LAND ROUTE – “CLOVIS PEOPLE” 13,000 years ago • “Clovis”: Spear points found in extinct giant bison remains in Clovis, New Mexico in 1930s • Mobile big game hunters • Archeological complex: Distinctive thin bifacial and large fluted spear points common in North America • Berengia Land Bridge - “Ice Free Corridor” 11 BERENGIA LAND ROUTE – “CLOVIS PEOPLE” 13,000 years ago • Archeological culture (“culture complex”) was called “Clovis Culture” • Distinctive thin bifacial and large fluted spear points common in North America 12 ATLANTIC ROUTE – “SALUTREANS” 13,000 years ago • Walked across glacial ice from France to North America during Ice Age • Named for Solutrean culture of lithic spear points found in Spain and France 18,000 BP to 15,000 BP • “Salutrean Hyposthesis” by Dennis Standford and Bruce Bradley (1998) 13 ATLANTIC ROUTE – “SALUTREANS” 13,000 years ago • Solutrean Culture: Clovis spear points look similar to Solutrean spear points from Spain and France • 2,000 years after oldest Solutrean spear points found in Europe L • Older Pre-Clovis lithics discovered since: Cactus Hill, VA, Meadowcroft, PA, etc. L 14 COASTAL ROUTE – “MARITIME EAST ASIANS” 16,000 – 15,000 years ago • First Native Americans were Paleo Indians who came to the Americas by boat • Ancient ancestors of Ainu of Japan and Polynesians from skeletal evidence, DNA and tool cultures 15 COASTAL ROUTE – Arlington Springs, Santa Rosa Island 13,000 years ago • 13,000 years ago – Human femur found at Arlington Springs on Santa Rosa Island • Earliest human remains found on West Coast of North America • Island location proves Pre-Clovis Paleo-Indians used boats • Extinct species of mammoth found at site • Phil Orr (1959) 16 COASTAL ROUTE – Anzik Site, Montana 13,000 years ago • 13,000 years ago – Skeleton of “Anzik Boy” 6-8 year old found in Western Montana. • DNA extracted from skeleton similar to DNA from “Naia” found in Yucatan, Mexico • Clovis culture stone tools • Intentional burial in old rock shelter with also infant bones and stone artifacts covered in red ochre • Discovered by construction workers (1969) 17 COASTAL ROUTE – Monte Verde, Chile 14,000 years ago • 14,000 years ago – Discovery of settlement in Monte Verde, Southern Coastal Chile • Pre-Clovis tools, etc. • A small permanent settlement of 20 to 30 people living in a dozen huts along a small creek • Not big game hunters • Pre-dates Clovis by about 1,000 years • Ate an extinct species of llama, shellfish, plant foods and nuts • Tom Dillehay team (1997) 18 COASTAL ROUTE – Hoyo Negro, Yucatan, Mexico 12-13,000 years ago • 13,000 years ago – Skeleton of “Naia” found in underwater cave Hoyo Negro in Yucatan, Mexico • Pre-Clovis tools, etc. • DNA extracted from “Naia” matched DNA from Anzik boy skeleton found in Western Montana • Different tool culture than Clovis • Alberto Nava team (2008) 19 COASTAL ROUTE – Debra L. Friedkin, Texas 15,500 years ago • 15,500 years ago • Discovery of earliest evidence of human occupation at Debra L. Friedkin site in Buttermilk Creek near Austin, Texas • Permanent Settlement • Hunted small game & foraged for plant foods, etc. • Pre-Clovis tools, etc. • Michael Waters team (2011) 20 COASTAL ROUTE – Paisley Caves, Oregon 14,300 years ago • 14,300 years ago – • Paisley Caves in Oregon • Human coprolites (dried human feces found) • Not solely big game hunters • Pre-dates Clovis by nearly 1,000 years • Ate marine foods, bison and plant foods • Dennis Jenkins team (2002) 21 4 WAVES OF MIGRATIONS 1. 32,000 BP – East Asian & Eurasian Migration to West Berengia 2. 25,000 - 15,000 years ago – “Berengian Standstill” in Berengia for about 10,000 years 3. 16,000 – 15,000 BP – Maritime East Asian migration via boats along Pacific Coast 4. 14,000 - 13,000 BP – “Clovis People” Berengian Land Migrations through the “Ice Free Corridor” 22 1st WAVE OF MIGRATION • 32,000 years ago • East Asian and Eurasion Ancestry • Stayed in West Berengia – DNA of Modern Native Americans: • 2/3 East Asian • 1/3 Eurasian • Lithic cultures same as East Asians 23 2nd WAVE OF MIGRATION • 25,000 - 15,000 years ago • “Berengian Standstill” • Berengian People stayed in Berengia for 10,000 • Developed genetic and physiological traits unique to Native Americans 24 3rd WAVE OF MIGRATION • 16,000 - 15,000 years ago • Asian Maritime People who are ancestors of modern Ainu of Japan and Polynesians • Coastal Route • Rapid Expansion though the Americas 25 4th WAVE OF MIGRATION • 14,000 - 13,000 years ago • Clovis People from Berengia • Berengian “Ice Free Corridor” • Land Route • Reverse Migration back to Siberia • Mobile big game hunters 26 THE FIRST NATIVE AMERICANS • Where: East Asia • Who: Asian Maritime Peoples • When: 16-15,000 years ago • How: Came along the Pacific Coast by boat and expanded rapidly inland throughout N. & S. America 27 WHAT DID THE FIRST NATIVE AMERICANS LOOK LIKE? WHAT DID THEY LOOK LIKE? Paleo-Indian Traits: • Rugged skull • Wider set eyes • Broader nose • Narrow cranium • Forward face Males: • Larger • Injuries from violence Females: • Smaller • Malnutrition • Domestic abuse injuries 28 REFERENCES: Bradley, Bruce, and Dennis Stanford 2”004 The North Atlantic Ice-Edge Corridor: A Possible Palaeolithic Route to the New World." World Archaeology (2004): 459-78. Erlandson, Jon M., Madonna L. Moss, and Matthew Des Lauriers. 2008 Life on the Edge: Early Maritime Cultures of the Pacific Coast of North America." Quarternary Science Reviews (2008): 2232-245. Fraught, Michael K. 2008 Archaeological Roots of Human Diversity in the New World: A Compilation of Accurate and Precise Radiocarbon Ages from Earliest Sites." American Antiquity (2008): 670-98. Heizer, R.F. and Whipple, M.A., Editors 1971 The California Indians: A Source Book, Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN: 0-520-02031-6 Hodges, Glenn 2015 “Tracking the First Americans, ” National Geographic Magazine, January, Retrieved from: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2015/01/first-americans/hodges-text on February 2, 2015 Jackson, Donald, César Méndez, Roxana Seguel, Antonio Maldonado, and Gabriel Vargas 2”007 Initial Occupation of the Pacific Coast of Chile during Late Pleistocene Times." Current Anthropology (2007): 725-31. Madsen, David B. 2004 Entering America: Northeast Asia and Beringia before the Last Glacial Maximum. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Mithen, Stephen 2009 "Chapter 14: Peopling the World" The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology. Ed. Barry W. Cunliffe, Chris Gosden, and Rosemary A. Joyce. New York, NY: Oxford UP. Madsen, David B. 2004 Entering America: Northeast Asia and Beringia before the Last Glacial Maximum. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Preston, Douglas 2014 “The Kennewick Man Finally Freed to Share His Secrets,” Smithsonian Magazine, September, Retrieved from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ history/kennewick-man-finally-freed-share-his-secrets-180952462/ on February 2, 2015. Saunders, Jeffrey J., Edward B. Daeschler, and John L. Cotter 1”994 Descriptive Analyses and Taphonomical Observations of Culturally-Modified Mammoths Excavated at "The Gravel Pit," near Clovis, New Mexico in 1936." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: 1-28. Strauss, Lawrence Guy 2000 Solutrean Settlement of North America? A Review of Reality." American Antiquity: 219-26. Waters, Michael R. et al, "The Buttermilk Creek Complex and the Origins of Clovis at the Debra L.
Recommended publications
  • Native Peoples of North America

    Native Peoples of North America

    Native Peoples of North America Dr. Susan Stebbins SUNY Potsdam Native Peoples of North America Dr. Susan Stebbins 2013 Open SUNY Textbooks 2013 Susan Stebbins This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Published by Open SUNY Textbooks, Milne Library (IITG PI) State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 Cover design by William Jones About this Textbook Native Peoples of North America is intended to be an introductory text about the Native peoples of North America (primarily the United States and Canada) presented from an anthropological perspective. As such, the text is organized around anthropological concepts such as language, kinship, marriage and family life, political and economic organization, food getting, spiritual and religious practices, and the arts. Prehistoric, historic and contemporary information is presented. Each chapter begins with an example from the oral tradition that reflects the theme of the chapter. The text includes suggested readings, videos and classroom activities. About the Author Susan Stebbins, D.A., Professor of Anthropology and Director of Global Studies, SUNY Potsdam Dr. Susan Stebbins (Doctor of Arts in Humanities from the University at Albany) has been a member of the SUNY Potsdam Anthropology department since 1992. At Potsdam she has taught Cultural Anthropology, Introduction to Anthropology, Theory of Anthropology, Religion, Magic and Witchcraft, and many classes focusing on Native Americans, including The Native Americans, Indian Images and Women in Native America. Her research has been both historical (Traditional Roles of Iroquois Women) and contemporary, including research about a political protest at the bridge connecting New York, the Akwesasne Mohawk reservation and Ontario, Canada, and Native American Education, particularly that concerning the Native peoples of New York.
  • Arqueologia Do Povoamento Inicial Da América Ou História Antiga Da

    Arqueologia Do Povoamento Inicial Da América Ou História Antiga Da

    Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Hum., Belém, v. 14, n. 2, p. 477-495, maio-ago. 2019 Arqueologia do povoamento inicial da América ou História Antiga da América: quão antigo pode ser um ‘Novo Mundo’? The Archaeology of early peopling of America or Ancient History of America: how old could be a ‘New World’? Lucas Bueno Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil Resumo: Neste texto, discutimos o tema do povoamento inicial da América como uma narrativa – mais do que sítios, datas e artefatos, são analisados os discursos construídos a partir destes ‘dados’. Esta proposta baseia-se em uma perspectiva da Arqueologia que enfatiza a dinâmica social envolvida na construção do passado. Um dos pontos discutidos envolve a desconstrução da dicotomia entre ‘história x pré-história’ nas Américas. Essa discussão baseia-se em propostas relacionadas à ideia de ‘tempo profundo’ e ‘história profunda’, como já vem sendo discutido por historiadores, arqueólogos e antropólogos em outros países. Além de uma discussão conceitual sobre a construção dessas narrativas, propomos uma reflexão também sobre aspectos metodológicos vinculados à pesquisa de contextos relacionados aos momentos iniciais de entrada de pessoas nas Américas. Por fim, sugerimos alguns pontos para reflexão no sentido de construirmos uma História Antiga das Américas que incorpore diferentes formas de narrativa e temporalidades, cuja construção envolveria posições mais simétricas entre os diversos grupos que compõem essa história. Palavras-chave: Arqueologia. Povoamento. Narrativa. América. História indígena. Abstract: This text discusses the topic of the early peopling of the Americas as a narrative which extends beyond sites, dates, and artifacts to analyze the discourses constructed from these ‘data.’ This proposal is based on an archaeological perspective that emphasizes the social dynamics involved in constructing the past.
  • The Texas Archaic: a Symposium

    The Texas Archaic: a Symposium

    Volume 1976 Article 11 1976 The Texas Archaic: A Symposium Thomas R. Hester Center for Archaeological Research, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Hester, Thomas R. (1976) "The Texas Archaic: A Symposium," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 1976, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.1976.1.11 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1976/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Texas Archaic: A Symposium Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol1976/iss1/11 Center for Archaeological Research The University of Texas at San Antonio 78285 Thomas R. Hester, Director Spe.uat Re.pom Publications dealing with the archaeology of Texas and Mesoamerica. No. 1 (1975) 11 Some Aspects of Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology in Southern Texas 11 (By Thomas R.
  • Occupation Sequence at Avery Island. Sherwood Moneer Gagliano Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

    Occupation Sequence at Avery Island. Sherwood Moneer Gagliano Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1967 Occupation Sequence at Avery Island. Sherwood Moneer Gagliano Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Gagliano, Sherwood Moneer, "Occupation Sequence at Avery Island." (1967). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1248. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1248 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 67-8779 GAGLIANO, Sherwood Moneer, 1935- OCCUPATION SEQUENCE AT AVERY ISLAND. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1967 Anthropology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Sherwood Moneer Gagliano 1967 All Rights Reserved OCCUPATION SEQUENCE AT AVERY ISLAND A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Sherwood Moneer Gagliano B.S., Louisiana State University, 1959 M.A., Louisiana State University, 19&3 January, 1967 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 'The funds, labor, and other facilities which made this study possible were provided by Avery Island Inc, Many individuals contributed. Drs. James Morgan, and James Coleman, and Messrs. William Smith, Karl LaPleur, Rodney Adams, Stephen Murray, Roger Saucier, Richard Warren, and David Morgan aided in the boring program and excavations.
  • Program of the 75Th Anniversary Meeting

    Program of the 75Th Anniversary Meeting

    PROGRAM OF THE 75 TH ANNIVERSARY MEETING April 14−April 18, 2010 St. Louis, Missouri THE ANNUAL MEETING of the Society for American Archaeology provides a forum for the dissemination of knowledge and discussion. The views expressed at the sessions are solely those of the speakers and the Society does not endorse, approve, or censor them. Descriptions of events and titles are those of the organizers, not the Society. Program of the 75th Anniversary Meeting Published by the Society for American Archaeology 900 Second Street NE, Suite 12 Washington DC 20002-3560 USA Tel: +1 202/789-8200 Fax: +1 202/789-0284 Email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.saa.org Copyright © 2010 Society for American Archaeology. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the publisher. Program of the 75th Anniversary Meeting 3 Contents 4............... Awards Presentation & Annual Business Meeting Agenda 5……….….2010 Award Recipients 10.................Maps of the America’s Center 12 ................Maps of Renaissance Grand St. Louis 14 ................Meeting Organizers, SAA Board of Directors, & SAA Staff 15 .............. General Information 18. ............. Featured Sessions 20 .............. Summary Schedule 25 .............. A Word about the Sessions 27............... Program 161................SAA Awards, Scholarships, & Fellowships 167............... Presidents of SAA . 168............... Annual Meeting Sites 169............... Exhibit Map 170................Exhibitor Directory 180................SAA Committees and Task Forces 184………….Index of participants 4 Program of the 75th Anniversary Meeting Awards Presentation & Annual Business Meeting America’s Center APRIL 16, 2010 5 PM Call to Order Call for Approval of Minutes of the 2009 Annual Business Meeting Remarks President Margaret W.
  • Larimer County, Colorado

    Larimer County, Colorado

    Consultants in Natural Resources and the Environment Cultural Resource Survey Upper Thompson Sanitation District New Wastewater Treatment Facility Preliminary Engineering Report and Funding Project Larimer County, Colorado Prepared for⎯ Upper Thompson Sanitation District 2196 Mall Road PO Box 568 Estes Park, Colorado 80517 Submitted to— U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development Colorado Office Denver Federal Center Building 56, Room 2300 Denver, Colorado 80225-0426 Prepared by⎯ ERO Resources Corporation 1842 Clarkson Street Denver, Colorado 80218 (303) 830-1188 Written by⎯ Katherine Mayo Prepared under the supervision of⎯ Jonathan Hedlund, Principal Investigator State Permit No. 2020-77455 SHPO Report ID LR.RD.R1 ERO Project No. 20-082 February 2021 For Official Use Only: Disclosure of site locations prohibited (43 CFR 7.18) Denver • Durango • Hotchkiss • Idaho www.eroresources.com OAHP1421 Colorado Historical Society - Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Cultural Resource Survey Management Information Form I. PROJECT SIZE Total federal acres in project 8.63 Total federal acres surveyed 8.63 Total state acres in project Total state acres surveyed Total private acres in project 12.23 Total private acres surveyed 12.23 Total other acres in project 3.38 Total other acres surveyed 3.38 II. PROJECT LOCATION County: Larimer USGS Quad Map: Glen Haven, CO and Panorama Peak, CO PrincipalMeridian: 6th Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 NW 1/4 of SW 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SE 1/4 of NW 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SW 1/4 of NW 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 SE 1/4 of NE 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 NE 1/4 of NE 1/4 Township 5N Range 72W Section 29 NW 1/4 of NE 1/4 III.
  • In Search of the First Americas

    In Search of the First Americas

    In Search of the First Americas Michael R. Waters Departments of Anthropology and Geography Center for the Study of the First Americans Texas A&M University Who were the first Americans? When did they arrive in the New World? Where did they come from? How did they travel to the Americas & settle the continent? A Brief History of Paleoamerican Archaeology Prior to 1927 People arrived late to the Americas ca. 6000 B.P. 1927 Folsom Site Discovery, New Mexico Geological Estimate in 1927 10,000 to 20,000 B.P. Today--12,000 cal yr B.P. Folsom Point Blackwater Draw (Clovis), New Mexico 1934 Clovis Discovery Folsom (Bison) Clovis (Mammoth) Ernst Antevs Geological estimate 13,000 to 14,000 B.P. Today 13,000 cal yr B.P. 1935-1990 Search continued for sites older than Clovis. Most sites did not stand up to scientific scrutiny. Calico Hills More Clovis sites were found across North America The Clovis First Model became entrenched. Pedra Furada Tule Springs Clovis First Model Clovis were the first people to enter the Americas -Originated from Northeast Asia -Entered the Americas by crossing the Bering Land Bridge and passing through the Ice Free Corridor around 13,600 cal yr B.P. (11,500 14C yr B.P.) -Clovis technology originated south of the Ice Sheets -Distinctive tools that are widespread -Within 800 years reached the southern tip of South America -Big game hunters that killed off the Megafauna Does this model still work? What is Clovis? • Culture • Era • Complex Clovis is an assemblage of distinctive tools that were made in a very prescribed way.
  • OSL Ages of the Clovis, Late Paleoindian, and Archaic Components at Area 15 of the Gault Site, Central Texas, U.S.A

    OSL Ages of the Clovis, Late Paleoindian, and Archaic Components at Area 15 of the Gault Site, Central Texas, U.S.A

    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 7 (2016) 94–103 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jasrep OSL ages of the Clovis, Late Paleoindian, and Archaic components at Area 15 of the Gault Site, Central Texas, U.S.A. K. Rodrigues a,⁎, W.J. Rink b,M.B.Collinsc,T.J.Williamsc, A. Keen-Zebert d,G.I.Lόpez e a Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, United States b School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada c Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, United States d Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89503, United States e Luminescence Dating Laboratory, CENIEH (Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos 09002, Spain article info abstract Article history: The Gault Site, Texas, U.S.A., affords a near-complete regional prehistoric sequence from an ~2 m-thick alluvial Received 31 August 2015 sedimentary interval. Age estimates on Clovis, Late Paleoindian, and Archaic components were obtained using Received in revised form 10 March 2016 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of silt-sized quartz grains. The luminescence characteristics of Accepted 11 March 2016 the quartz are favorable, showing normal equivalent dose distributions and no evidence of incomplete zeroing. Available online 12 April 2016 The artifacts span Clovis to Archaic forms, and their ages are generally in excellent agreement with independent radiocarbon ages from five other Texas sites.
  • Appalachian Studies Bibliography Cumulation 2013-June 2016 ______

    Appalachian Studies Bibliography Cumulation 2013-June 2016 ______

    Appalachian Studies Bibliography Cumulation 2013-June 2016 _____________________ CONTENTS Agriculture and Land Use ................................................................................................................3 Appalachian Studies.........................................................................................................................8 Archaeology and Physical Anthropology ......................................................................................14 Architecture, Historic Buildings, Historic Sites ............................................................................18 Arts and Crafts ..............................................................................................................................21 Biography .......................................................................................................................................27 Civil War, Military.........................................................................................................................29 Coal, Industry, Labor, Railroads, Transportation ..........................................................................37 Description and Travel, Recreation and Sports .............................................................................63 Economic Conditions, Economic Development, Economic Policy, Poverty ................................71 Education .......................................................................................................................................82
  • Revised 12-7-09

    Revised 12-7-09

    VITA MICHAEL R. WATERS Professor of Anthropology Holder, Chair in First Americans Studies Director, Center for the Study of the First Americans Executive Director, North Star Archaeological Research Program CONTACT INFORMATION Department of Anthropology Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-4352 Office phone: (979) 845-5246 Fax: (979) 845-4070 Email: [email protected] DEGREES RECEIVED Ph.D. 1983 Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson Dissertation: The Late Quaternary Geology and Archaeology of Whitewater Draw, Southeastern Arizona M.S. 1980 Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson Thesis: Lake Cahuilla: Late Quaternary Lacustrine History of the Salton Trough, California B.S. 1977 Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson (with Distinction and Honors) Thesis: The Lowland Patayan Ceramic Tradition: The Diagnostics and Distribution of Lower Colorado Buff Ware ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS 2016–Present Professor, Department of Anthropology, TAMU Holder, Chair in First Americans Studies Director, Center for the Study of the First Americans Executive Director, North Star Archaeological Research Program 1 2005–2015 Professor, Departments of Anthropology and Geography, TAMU Holder, Chair in First Americans Studies Director, Center for the Study of the First Americans Executive Director, North Star Archaeological Research Program 2002–2004 Professor, Departments of Anthropology and Geography, TAMU Holder, Professorship in First Americans Studies Associate Director, Center for the Study of the First Americans Executive Director, North
  • 42 Papers Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention In

    42 Papers Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention In

    42 World Heritage papers42 World Heritage papers HEADWORLD HERITAGES 5 NIO M O UN IM D R T IA A L • P • W L O A I R D L D N H O E M R I E TA IN G O E • PATRIM United Nations World Educational, Scientific and Heritage Cultural Organization Convention Human Origin Sites and the GOBIERNO DE World Heritage Convention in the Americas PUEBLAACCIONES QUE TRANSFORMAN In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization VOLUME I Human Origin Sites and the Heritage World in the Convention Americas. I Volume For more information contact: UNESCO World Heritage Centre papers NIO M O UN IM D R T IA A L • P • W L O A I 7, place Fontenoy R D L D N H O E M 75352 Paris 07 SP France R E I TA IN G O Tel: 33 (0)1 45 68 24 96 E • PATRIM Fax: 33 (0)1 45 68 55 70 United Nations World Educational, Scientific and Heritage 9 789231 001406 http://whc.unesco.org HeritageWorld Cultural Organization Convention Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in the Americas HEADS 5 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100140-6 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/).
  • A Phase I Archaeological Resources Survey of the 17.6-Mile Urquhart- Graniteville Transmission Line Corridor

    A Phase I Archaeological Resources Survey of the 17.6-Mile Urquhart- Graniteville Transmission Line Corridor

    A Phase I Archaeological Resources Survey of the 17.6-Mile Urquhart- Graniteville Transmission Line Corridor Aiken County, South Carolina September 2014 Brockington'ULTURAL RESOURCES CONSULTING A Phase I Archaeological Resources Survey of the 17.6-Mile Urquhart-Graniteville Transmission Line Corridor, Aiken County, South Carolina. Final Report Prepared For: UC Synergetic, LLC Charlotte, North Carolina Prepared By: Jana J. Futch, M.A., R.P.A. Project Manager And Patricia Stallings M.A. Principal Investigator Brockington and Associates, Inc. Atlanta Charleston Pensacola Elizabethtown Savannah September 2014 Management Summary In March 2014, Brockington and Associates, Inc. (Brockington), contracted with UC-Synergetic, LLC to conduct an Archaeological Resources Survey (ARS) of the Urquhart-Graniteville transmission line corridor in Aiken County, South Carolina. Brockington was concurrently tasked with conducting a Literature Review and Windshield Reconnaissance of historic architectural resources within the study area. Both Brockington projects were conducted for UC- Synergetic, LLC on behalf of South Carolina Electric and Gas (SCE&G), in preparation for proposed capacity upgrades of the transmission line from 115kV to 230kV, which will require a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) by the South Carolina Public Service Commission (SCPSC). The goal of the archaeological survey and architectural windshield reconnaissance was to determine whether any historic properties (i.e., sites, buildings, structures, objects, or districts listed on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places [NRHP]) may be affected by this transmission line upgrade project. SCE&G proposes to upgrade its infrastructure along approximately 17.6 miles of the existing transmission line corridor. This existing corridor is 100 feet (ft) (approximately 30 meters [m]) wide and constitutes the project right of way (ROW).