Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot Ecosystem Profile

Ecosystem Profile

THE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT

Supplemental Appendices

Appendix 1. Number of Globally Threatened Species by Taxonomic Group in the Caribbean

Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

Genus Species CR EN VU Taxa Anguilla Antigua Bahamas Barbados Cayman Islands Cuba Dominica Republic Dominican Grenada Guadeloupe Haiti Jamaica Martinique Montserrat Netherlands Antilles Puerto Rico St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent Caicos Turks and Virgin Islands-British US Virgin Islands - 1 Allobates chalcopis VU * 2 Eleutherodactylus audanti VU * * 3 Eleutherodactylus pictissimus VU * * 4 Eleutherodactylus wetmorei VU * * 5

Amphibians Eleutherodactylus cundalli VU * 6 Eleutherodactylus pentasyringos VU *

7 Eleutherodactylus cooki VU *

8 Eleutherodactylus monensis VU *

9 Eleutherodactylus unicolor VU *

10 Eleutherodactylus schwartzi EN * *

11 Eleutherodactylus amplinympha EN *

12 Eleutherodactylus alcoae EN * *

13 Eleutherodactylus armstrongi EN * *

14 Eleutherodactylus auriculatoides EN *

15 Eleutherodactylus haitianus EN *

16 Eleutherodactylus heminota EN * *

17 Eleutherodactylus hypostenor EN * *

18 Eleutherodactylus minutus EN *

19 Eleutherodactylus montanus EN *

20 Eleutherodactylus patriciae EN *

21 Eleutherodactylus pituinus EN *

2 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

Genus Species CR EN VU Anguilla Antigua Bahamas Barbados Cayman Islands Cuba Dominica Republic Dominican Grenada Guadeloupe Haiti Jamaica Martinique Montserrat Netherlands Antilles Puerto Rico St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent Caicos Turks and Virgin Islands-British US Virgin Islands - Taxa

22 Eleutherodactylus probolaeus EN *

23 Eleutherodactylus ruthae EN * *

24 Eleutherodactylus barlagnei EN *

25 Eleutherodactylus pinchoni EN *

26 Eleutherodactylus counouspeus EN *

27 Eleutherodactylus glaphycompus EN *

28 Eleutherodactylus grahami EN *

29 Eleutherodactylus andrewsi EN *

30 Eleutherodactylus grabhami EN *

31 Eleutherodactylus jamaicensis EN *

32 Eleutherodactylus luteolus EN *

33 Eleutherodactylus nubicola EN *

34 Eleutherodactylus gryllus EN *

35 Eleutherodactylus hedricki EN *

36 Eleutherodactylus portoricensis EN *

37 Eleutherodactylus wightmanae EN *

38 Eleutherodactylus lentus EN *

39 Eleutherodactylus fowleri CR * *

40 Eleutherodactylus furcyensis CR * *

41 Eleutherodactylus jugans CR * *

42 Eleutherodactylus leoncei CR * *

43 Eleutherodactylus nortoni CR * *

44 Eleutherodactylus oxyrhyncus CR * *

45 Eleutherodactylus parabates CR * *

3 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

46 Eleutherodactylus rufifemoralis CR *

47 Eleutherodactylus schmidti CR * *

48 Eleutherodactylus amadeus CR *

49 Eleutherodactylus apostates CR *

50 Eleutherodactylus bakeri CR *

51 Eleutherodactylus brevirostris CR *

52 Eleutherodactylus caribe CR *

53 Eleutherodactylus chlorophenax CR *

54 Eleutherodactylus corona CR *

55 Eleutherodactylus darlingtoni CR *

56 Eleutherodactylus dolomedes CR *

57 Eleutherodactylus eunaster CR *

58 Eleutherodactylus glandulifer CR *

59 Eleutherodactylus glanduliferoides CR *

60 Eleutherodactylus lamprotes CR *

61 Eleutherodactylus lucioi CR *

62 Eleutherodactylus parapelates CR *

63 Eleutherodactylus paulsoni CR *

64 Eleutherodactylus poolei CR *

65 Eleutherodactylus rhodesi CR *

66 Eleutherodactylus sciagraphus CR *

67 Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus CR *

68 Eleutherodactylus thorectes CR *

69 Eleutherodactylus ventrilineatus CR *

4 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

70 Eleutherodactylus warreni CR *

71 Eleutherodactylus alticola CR *

72 Eleutherodactylus cavernicola CR *

73 Eleutherodactylus fuscus CR *

74 Eleutherodactylus griphus CR *

75 Eleutherodactylus junori CR *

76 Eleutherodactylus orcutti CR *

77 Eleutherodactylus sisyphodemus CR *

78 Eleutherodactylus eneidae CR *

79 Eleutherodactylus jasperi CR *

80 Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi CR *

81 Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti CR *

82 Eleutherodactylus locustus CR *

83 Eleutherodactylus richmondi CR *

84 Eleutherodactylus acmonis EN *

85 Eleutherodactylus adelus EN *

86 Eleutherodactylus albipes CR *

87 Eleutherodactylus bartonsmithi CR *

88 Eleutherodactylus blairhedgesi CR *

89 Eleutherodactylus bresslerae CR *

90 Eleutherodactylus casparii EN *

91 Eleutherodactylus cubanus CR *

92 Eleutherodactylus emiliae EN *

93 Eleutherodactylus etheridgei EN *

5 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

94 Eleutherodactylus glamyrus EN *

95 Eleutherodactylus goini VU *

96 Eleutherodactylus greyi EN *

97 Eleutherodactylus guanahacabibes EN *

98 Eleutherodactylus guantanamera VU *

99 Eleutherodactylus gundlachi EN *

100 Eleutherodactylus iberia CR *

101 Eleutherodactylus intermedius EN *

102 Eleutherodactylus ionthus EN *

103 Eleutherodactylus jaumei CR *

104 Eleutherodactylus klinikowskii EN *

105 Eleutherodactylus leberi EN *

106 Eleutherodactylus limbatus VU *

107 Eleutherodactylus mariposa CR *

108 Eleutherodactylus melacara EN *

109 Eleutherodactylus michaelschmidi EN *

110 Eleutherodactylus orientalis CR *

111 Eleutherodactylus pezopetrus CR *

112 Eleutherodactylus pinarensis EN *

113 Eleutherodactylus principalis EN *

114 Eleutherodactylus ricordii VU *

115 Eleutherodactylus rivularis CR *

116 Eleutherodactylus ronaldi VU *

117 Eleutherodactylus simulans EN *

6 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

118 Eleutherodactylus symingtoni CR *

119 Eleutherodactylus tetajulia CR *

120 Eleutherodactylus thomasi EN *

121 Eleutherodactylus toa EN *

122 Eleutherodactylus tonyi CR *

123 Eleutherodactylus turquinensis CR *

124 Eleutherodactylus varians VU *

125 Eleutherodactylus zeus EN *

126 Eleutherodactylus zugi EN *

127 Hypsiboas heilprini VU * *

128 Leptodactylus fallax CR * * * * *

129 Osteopilus pulchrilineatus EN * *

130 Osteopilus vastus EN * *

131 Osteopilus crucialis EN *

132 Osteopilus marianae EN *

133 Osteopilus wilderi EN *

134 Peltophryne guentheri VU * *

135 Peltophryne fracta EN *

136 Peltophryne lemur CR * *

137 Peltophryne fluviatica CR *

138 Peltophryne cataulaciceps EN *

139 Peltophryne empusa VU *

140 Peltophryne florentinoi CR *

141 Peltophryne gundlachi VU *

7 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

142 Peltophryne longinasus EN *

143 Peltophryne taladai VU *

144 Pristimantis euphronides EN *

145 Pristimantis shrevei EN * 146 Accipiter gundlachi EN * 147 Agelaius xanthomus EN * 148 Amazona barbadensis VU * Birds Birds 149 Amazona arausiaca VU * 150 Amazona ventralis VU * *

151 Amazona agilis VU *

152 Amazona collaria VU *

153 Amazona versicolor VU *

154 Amazona guildingii VU *

155 Amazona imperialis EN *

156 Amazona vittata CR *

157 Aratinga chloroptera VU * * *

158 Aratinga euops VU *

159 Buteo ridgwayi CR * *

160 Calyptophilus frugivorus VU * *

161 Campephilus principalis CR *

162 Caprimulgus noctitherus CR *

163 Catharopeza bishopi EN *

164 Catharus bicknelli VU * * * * *

165 Chondrohierax wilsonii CR *

8 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

166 Cichlherminia lherminieri VU * * * *

167 Coccyzus rufigularis EN * *

168 Colaptes fernandinae VU *

169 Corvus leucognaphalus VU * * *

170 Cyanolimnas cerverai EN *

171 Dendrocygna arborea VU * * * * * * * * * * * *

172 Dendroica cerulea VU * * *

173 Dendroica angelae VU *

174 Ferminia cerverai EN *

175 Geotrygon caniceps VU * *

176 Icterus bonana VU *

177 Icterus oberi CR *

178 Leptotila wellsi CR *

179 Leucopeza semperi CR *

180 Loxia megaplaga EN * *

181 Melanospiza richardsoni EN *

182 Nesopsar nigerrimus EN *

183 Numenius borealis CR * * * * * *

184 Patagioenas caribaea VU *

185 Pterodroma hasitata EN * * * * *

186 Pterodroma caribbaea CR *

187 Ramphocinclus brachyurus EN * *

188 Siphonorhis americana CR *

189 Starnoenas cyanocephala EN *

9 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

190 Tachycineta cyaneoviridis VU * *

191 Tachycineta euchrysea VU * * *

192 Torreornis inexpectata EN *

193 Turdus swalesi EN * *

194 Tyrannus cubensis EN * * *

195 Vermivora bachmanii CR * *

196 Xenoligea montana VU * * 197 Balaenoptera borealis EN * * * * 198 Balaenoptera musculus EN * * 199 Calomys hummelincki VU * 200 Chiroderma improvisum VU * *

Mammals 201 Eptesicus guadeloupensis VU * 202 Eubalaena glacialis EN *

203 Geocapromys ingrahami VU *

204 Geocapromys brownii VU *

205 Lasiurus minor VU * * * *

206 Lasiurus degelidus VU *

207 Lasiurus insularis VU *

208 Leptonycteris curasoae VU *

209 Mesocapromys angelcabrerai EN *

210 Mesocapromys auritus EN *

211 Mesocapromys melanurus VU *

212 Mesocapromys nanus CR *

213 Mesocapromys sanfelipensis CR *

10 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

214 Mormopterus minutus VU *

215 Myotis martiniquensis VU * *

216 Myotis dominicensis VU * *

217 Mysateles garridoi CR *

218 Mysateles gundlachi EN *

219 Mysateles meridionalis CR *

220 Natalus jamaicensis CR *

221 Natalus primus CR *

222 Physeter macrocephalus VU * * * * * * * * * * * *

223 Plagiodontia aedium EN * *

224 Solenodon cubanus EN *

225 Solenodon paradoxus EN * *

226 Stenoderma rufum VU * *

227 Sturnira thomasi VU * *

228 Trichechus manatus VU * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 229 Abarema abbottii VU * 230 Acacia villosa VU * 231 Acacia anegadensis CR *

Plants Plants 232 Acidocroton verrucosus VU * 233 Albizia berteriana VU * * * *

234 Albizia leonardii VU *

235 Allophylus pachyphyllus VU *

236 Alvaradoa jamaicensis VU *

237 Annona praetermissa VU *

11 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

238 Antirhea radiata VU * * *

239 Antirhea portoricensis VU *

240 Antirhea sintenisii VU *

241 Antirhea tomentosa CR *

242 Ardisia jamaicensis VU *

243 Ardisia urbanii VU *

244 Ardisia brittonii EN *

245 Ardisia byrsonimae CR *

246 Attalea crassispatha CR *

247 Auerodendron jamaicense VU *

248 Auerodendron pauciflorum CR *

249 Bactris jamaicana VU *

250 Banara vanderbiltii CR *

251 Bourreria velutina EN *

252 Brunfelsia jamaicensis VU *

253 Brunfelsia membranacea VU *

254 Brunfelsia splendida VU *

255 Brunfelsia portoricensis EN *

256 Bunchosia jamaicensis VU *

257 Bursera aromatica VU *

258 Bursera hollickii EN *

259 Buxus arborea VU *

260 Buxus vahlii CR * * *

261 Calliandra comosa VU *

12 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

262 Calliandra paniculata VU *

263 Calliandra pilosa VU *

264 Callicarpa ampla CR * *

265 Calyptranthes ekmanii VU * *

266 Calyptranthes capitata VU *

267 Calyptranthes nodosa VU *

268 Calyptranthes umbelliformis VU *

269 Calyptranthes wilsonii VU *

270 Calyptranthes luquillensis VU *

271 Calyptranthes thomasiana EN * * *

272 Calyptranthes discolor EN *

273 Calyptranthes portoricensis EN *

274 Calyptranthes kiaerskovii CR * *

275 Calyptranthes acutissima CR *

276 Calyptranthes uniflora CR *

277 Carica jamaicensis VU *

278 Cassipourea brittoniana EN *

279 Cassipourea subcordata CR *

280 Cassipourea subsessilis CR *

281 Catalpa brevipes VU * * *

282 Cedrela odorata VU * * * * * * * * * * * *

283 Chionanthus jamaicensis VU *

284 Chionanthus adamsii EN *

285 Chionanthus proctorii CR *

13 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

286 Chrysophyllum pauciflorum VU * *

287 Cinnamodendron corticosum VU *

288 Cinnamomum parviflorum VU * * *

289 Cleyera bolleana VU * *

290 Cleyera vaccinioides VU * *

291 Clusia clarendonensis VU *

292 Clusia portlandiana VU *

293 Coccoloba troyana VU *

294 Coccoloba proctorii EN *

295 Coccoloba rugosa EN * *

296 Colubrina obscura VU *

297 Comocladia cordata VU *

298 Comocladia parvifoliola CR *

299 Conostegia superba VU *

300 Conostegia subprocera EN *

301 Copernicia ekmanii EN *

302 Cordia clarendonensis VU *

303 Cordia harrisii VU *

304 Cordia troyana VU *

305 Cordia rupicola CR *

306 Cordia wagnerorum CR *

307 Cornutia obovata CR *

308 Dactylolejeunea acanthifolia VU *

309 Dendropanax blakeanus VU *

14 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

310 Dendropanax ovalifolius VU *

311 Dendropanax portlandianus VU *

312 Dendropanax cordifolius CR *

313 Dendropanax filipes CR *

314 Dendropanax grandiflorus CR *

315 Dendropanax grandis CR *

316 Ekmanianthe longiflora EN * *

317 Erithalis quadrangularis VU *

318 Erythrina eggersii EN * *

319 Erythroxylum incrassatum VU *

320 Erythroxylum jamaicense VU *

321 Eugenia brachythrix VU *

322 Eugenia brownei VU *

323 Eugenia crenata VU *

324 Eugenia heterochroa VU *

325 Eugenia lamprophylla VU *

326 Eugenia schulziana VU *

327 Eugenia abbreviata EN *

328 Eugenia acutisepala EN *

329 Eugenia crassicaulis EN *

330 Eugenia eperforata EN *

331 Eugenia laurae EN *

332 Eugenia nicholsii EN *

333 Eugenia pycnoneura EN *

15 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

334 Eugenia sachetae EN *

335 Eugenia sulcivenia EN *

336 Eugenia haematocarpa EN *

337 Eugenia aboukirensis CR *

338 Eugenia hanoverensis CR *

339 Eugenia kellyana CR *

340 Eugenia polypora CR *

341 Eugenia rendlei CR *

342 Eugenia woodburyana CR *

343 Exostema triflorum VU *

344 Exostema orbiculatum CR *

345 Freziera cordata VU * * *

346 Garcinia decussata VU *

347 Gaussia attenuata VU *

348 Goetzea elegans EN *

349 Gordonia villosa EN *

350 Grimmeodendron jamaicense VU *

351 Guaiacum officinale EN * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

352 Guaiacum sanctum EN * * * * *

353 Guarea sphenophylla VU * *

354 Guarea jamaicensis VU *

355 Guettarda frangulifolia VU *

356 Guettarda longiflora CR *

357 Gymnanthes glandulosa VU * *

16 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

358 Hamelia papillosa VU *

359 Henriettea membranifolia CR *

360 Hernandia catalpifolia VU *

361 Huertea cubensis VU * *

362 Hyeronima jamaicensis VU *

363 Ilex florifera VU *

364 Ilex puberula VU *

365 Ilex vaccinoides VU *

366 Ilex jamaicana EN *

367 Ilex sintenisii EN *

368 Ilex subtriflora CR *

369 Ilex cookii CR *

370 Inga dominicensis VU *

371 Inga martinicensis VU *

372 Juglans jamaicensis VU * * * *

373 Juniperus barbadensis VU * * * * *

374 Juniperus gracilior EN * *

375 Lasiocroton fawcettii VU *

376 Lasiocroton harrisii VU *

377 Lasiocroton trelawniensis EN *

378 Leptocereus quadricostatus CR * *

379 Lunania polydactyla VU *

380 Lunania racemosa VU *

381 Machaonia woodburyana CR * *

17 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

382 Macrocarpaea thamnoides VU *

383 Malpighia harrisii VU *

384 Malpighia obtusifolia VU *

385 Malpighia cauliflora EN *

386 Malpighia proctorii CR *

387 Manilkara valenzuelana VU * * *

388 Manilkara pleeana VU *

389 Manilkara excisa EN *

390 Manilkara gonavensis CR *

391 Mappia racemosa VU * * * * *

392 Marlierea sintenisii VU *

393 Maytenus microcarpa VU *

394 Maytenus ponceana VU *

395 Maytenus cymosa EN * * *

396 Maytenus harrisii CR *

397 Metastelma anegadense CR *

398 Miconia nubicola EN *

399 Miconia pseudorigida EN *

400 Mitranthes clarendonensis VU *

401 Mitranthes nivea EN *

402 Mitranthes macrophylla CR *

403 Myrcia calcicola VU *

404 Myrcia paganii CR *

405 Nectandra krugii EN * * * * * * *

18 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

406 Nectandra caudatoacuminata CR *

407 Nectandra pulchra CR *

408 Ocotea robertsoniae VU *

409 Ocotea staminoides EN *

410 Ocotea harrisii CR *

411 Ormosia jamaicensis EN *

412 Ouratea elegans CR *

413 Palicourea wilesii VU *

414 Phialanthus jamaicensis EN *

415 Phialanthus revolutus EN *

416 Phycolepidozia exigua CR *

417 Phyllanthus cauliflorus VU *

418 Phyllanthus eximius VU *

419 Phyllanthus axillaris EN *

420 Picrasma excelsa VU * * * * * *

421 Pimenta haitiensis VU *

422 Pimenta obscura VU *

423 Pimenta richardii EN *

424 Pleodendron macranthum CR *

425 Podocarpus aristulatus VU * * *

426 Podocarpus hispaniolensis EN *

427 Podocarpus purdieanus EN *

428 Portlandia harrisii VU *

429 Portlandia albiflora CR *

19 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

430 Pouteria semecarpifolia VU * * * * *

431 Pouteria pallida EN * * * *

432 Pouteria hotteana EN * *

433 Pseudophoenix ekmanii CR *

434 Pseudophoenix lediniana CR *

435 Psidium sintenisii CR *

436 Psychotria dasyophthalma VU *

437 Psychotria domatiata VU *

438 Psychotria foetens VU *

439 Psychotria plicata VU *

440 Psychotria clarendonensis EN *

441 Psychotria clusioides EN *

442 Psychotria siphonophora EN *

443 Psychotria bryonicola CR *

444 Psychotria danceri CR *

445 Psychotria hanoverensis CR *

446 Ravenia swartziana CR *

447 Reynosia jamaicensis CR *

448 Rhamnidium dictyophyllum EN *

449 Rochefortia acrantha VU *

450 Rondeletia adamsii VU *

451 Rondeletia elegans VU *

452 Rondeletia hirsuta VU *

453 Rondeletia hirta VU *

20 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

454 Rondeletia pallida VU *

455 Rondeletia portlandensis VU *

456 Rondeletia racemosa VU *

457 Rondeletia subsessilifolia VU *

458 Rondeletia amplexicaulis EN *

459 Rondeletia brachyphylla EN *

460 Rondeletia clarendonensis EN *

461 Rondeletia dolphinensis EN *

462 Rondeletia cincta CR *

463 Samyda glabrata VU *

464 Samyda villosa VU *

465 Schefflera troyana VU *

466 Schefflera urbaniana VU *

467 Schefflera gleasonii VU *

468 Schefflera stearnii EN *

469 Schoepfia harrisii VU *

470 Schoepfia arenaria EN *

471 Scolosanthus howardii EN *

472 Sebastiania alpina VU *

473 Sebastiania fasciculata EN *

474 Sebastiania spicata EN *

475 Sebastiania crenulata CR *

476 Sebastiania howardiana CR *

477 Senna domingensis VU * * *

21 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

478 Sideroxylon anomalum VU *

479 Sideroxylon dominicanum VU *

480 Sideroxylon bullatum VU *

481 Sideroxylon rubiginosum CR *

482 Solanum drymophilum CR *

483 Sophora saxicola EN *

484 Spathelia coccinea CR *

485 Stahlia monosperma EN * * *

486 Strempeliopsis arborea VU *

487 Styrax portoricensis CR *

488 Swietenia macrophylla VU *

489 Swietenia mahagoni EN * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

490 Symplocos tubulifera VU *

491 Tabernaemontana ochroleuca VU *

492 Tabernaemontana oppositifolia VU *

493 Tabernaemontana ovalifolia EN *

494 Terminalia arbuscula EN *

495 Ternstroemia howardiana VU *

496 Ternstroemia calycina EN *

497 Ternstroemia bullata CR *

498 Ternstroemia glomerata CR *

499 Ternstroemia granulata CR *

500 Ternstroemia luquillensis CR *

501 Ternstroemia subsessilis CR *

22 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

502 Tetrasiphon jamaicensis EN *

503 Tetrazygia albicans EN *

504 Trichilia triacantha CR *

505 Verbesina rupestris VU *

506 Viburnum arboreum VU *

507 Wallenia elliptica VU *

508 Wallenia erythrocarpa VU *

509 Wallenia fawcettii VU *

510 Wallenia sylvestris VU *

511 Wallenia xylosteoides VU *

512 Weinmannia portlandiana VU *

513 Wercklea flavovirens CR *

514 Xylosma proctorii VU *

515 Xylosma pachyphyllum CR *

516 Zamia amblyphyllidia VU * * *

517 Zamia portoricensis CR *

518 Zanthoxylum flavum VU * * * * * * *

519 Zanthoxylum harrisii VU *

520 Zanthoxylum hartii VU *

521 Zanthoxylum thomasianum EN * * *

522 Zanthoxylum negrilense EN * 523 Acacia belairioides CR *

524 Acacia roigii CR *

525 Calyptranthes arenicola CR *

23 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

527 Calyptranthes pozasiana CR *

528 Carpodiptera mirabilis CR *

529 Chrysophyllum claraense CR *

530 Coccoloba retirensis CR *

531 Coccothrinax borhidiana CR *

532 Drepanolejeunea senticosa CR *

533 Eugenia acutissima CR *

534 Gordonia curtyana CR *

535 Henriettea granularis CR *

536 Hernandia cubensis CR *

537 Hieronima crassistipula CR *

538 Megalopanax rex CR *

539 Microcycas calocoma CR *

540 Myrtus claraensis CR *

541 Nectandra minima CR *

542 Plinia rupestris CR *

543 Tabernaemontana apoda CR *

544 Thrinax ekmaniana CR *

545 Victorinia regina CR *

546 Acacia bucheri EN *

547 Acacia daemon EN *

548 Acacia zapatensis EN *

549 Ateleia gummifera EN *

24 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

551 Banara wilsonii EN *

552 Behaimia cubensis EN *

553 Bucida ophiticola EN *

554 Calyptranthes rostrata EN *

555 Cameraria microphylla EN *

556 Carpodiptera ophiticola EN *

557 Cinnamodendron cubense EN *

558 Cnidoscolus matosii EN *

559 Cnidoscolus rangel EN *

560 Cynometra cubensis EN *

561 Doerpfeldia cubensis EN *

562 Euchorium cubense EN *

563 Eugenia aceitillo EN *

564 Eugenia acunai EN *

565 Eugenia bayatensis EN *

566 Eugenia excisa EN *

567 Ficus meizonochlamys EN *

568 Gaussia spirituana EN *

569 Helietta glaucescens EN *

570 Lunania dodecandra EN *

571 Lunania elongata EN *

572 Lyonia elliptica EN *

573 Lyonia maestrensis EN *

25 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

575 Manilkara mayarensis EN *

576 Mozartia emarginata EN *

577 Mozartia maestrensis EN *

578 Mozartia manacalensis EN *

579 Neea ekmanii EN *

580 Pimenta ferruginea EN *

581 Pimenta podocarpoides EN *

582 Pisonia ekmani EN *

583 Podocarpus angustifolius EN *

584 Pouteria cubensis EN *

585 Pouteria micrantha EN *

586 Pouteria moaensis EN *

587 Psidium havanense EN *

588 Rheedia aristata EN *

589 Roystonea stellata EN *

590 Sarcomphalus havanensis EN *

591 Sideroxylon angustum EN *

592 Spirotecoma holguinensis EN *

593 Synapsis ilicifolia EN *

594 Tabebuia elongata EN *

595 Terminalia eriostachya EN *

596 Terminalia intermedia EN *

597 Trichilia pungens EN *

26 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

599 Allophylus roigii VU *

600 Amyris polymorpha VU *

601 Annona cristalensis VU *

602 Annona ekmanii VU *

603 Ateleia salicifolia VU *

604 Belairia parvifolia VU *

605 Bunchosia linearifolia VU *

606 Calycolpus excisus VU *

607 Calyptranthes polyneura VU *

608 Casearia crassinervis VU *

609 Chamaecrista bucherae VU *

610 Citharexylum ternatum VU *

611 Clerodendrum calcicola VU *

612 Clerodendrum denticulatum VU *

613 Coccoloba coriacea VU *

614 Coccothrinax pauciramosa VU *

615 Colpothrinax wrightii VU *

616 Copernicia brittonorum VU *

617 Copernicia gigas VU *

618 Cordia valenzuelana VU *

619 Daphnopsis calcicola VU *

620 Erythrina elenae VU *

621 Gyminda orbicularis VU *

27 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

623 Henriettea punctata VU *

624 Henriettea squamata VU *

625 Hildegardia cubensis VU *

626 Huertea cubensis VU *

627 Hymenaea torrei VU *

628 Jacaranda arborea VU *

629 Juglans insularis VU *

630 Juniperus saxicola VU *

631 Krokia pilotoana VU *

632 Licaria cubensis VU *

633 Lunania cubensis VU *

634 Miconia perelegans VU *

635 Micropholis polita VU *

636 Nowellia wrightii VU *

637 Pimenta adenoclada VU *

638 Pimenta cainitoides VU *

639 Pimenta filipes VU *

640 Pimenta odiolens VU *

641 Pimenta oligantha VU *

642 Pithecellobium savannarum VU *

643 Pouteria aristata VU *

644 Pseudosamanea cubana VU *

645 Psychotria cathetoneura VU *

28 Global Threat Scientific Name Status Distribution by Country

647 Sideroxylon acunae VU *

648 Sideroxylon confertum VU *

649 Sideroxylon jubilla VU *

650 Spirotecoma apiculata VU *

651 Tabebuia anafensis VU *

652 Tabebuia arimaoensis VU *

653 Tabebuia bibracteolata VU *

654 Tabebuia dubia VU *

655 Tabebuia furfuracea VU *

656 Tabebuia hypoleuca VU *

657 Tabebuia jackiana VU *

658 Tabebuia oligolepis VU *

659 Tabebuia polymorpha VU *

660 Tabebuia shaferi VU *

661 Tapura orbicularis VU *

662 Tetrazygia elegans VU *

663 Vaccinium bissei VU *

664 Vitex acunae VU *

665 Ximenia roigii VU *

666 Xylopia ekmanii VU *

29 Appendix 2. Number of Key Biodiversity Areas Identified as Important for Each Taxonomic Group in the Caribbean

Caribbean Countries/ Territories Anguilla (to U.K.) U.K.) (to Anguilla Barbuda and Antigua Aruba (to Netherlands) Bahamas Barbados Cayman Islands (to U.K.) Cuba Dominica Republic Dominican Grenada Guadeloupe (to France) Haiti Jamaica Martinique (to France) Montserrat (to U.K.) Netherlands Antilles Puerto Rico (to USA) St. Barthélemy (to France) Nevis St. Kitts and St. Lucia France) St. Martin (to St. Vincent and the Grenadines (to U.K.) Islands Caicos and Turks islands (to U.K.) Virgin Islands (to USA) Virgin TOTAL

Taxonomic Group 0 Mammals 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 16 0 2 2 23 3 1 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 62 28 Birds 0 9 0 10 0 4 2 20 5 2 5 14 6 3 4 12 0 0 5 0 7 4 0 0 140 0 Reptiles 6 1 1 14 1 7 2 9 0 3 5 15 4 1 3 2 5 0 3 1 7 9 4 4 107 0 Amphibians 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 25 2 1 13 29 1 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 7 0 2 5 99 Sea Turtles 0 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 18 0 Plants 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 25 0 3 5 21 1 1 1 25 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 2 96 28 All Key Biodiversity Areas 6 10 1 26 4 8 4 35 9 8 17 38 8 3 7 28 4 1 6 1 7 11 7 13 290

30 Appendix 3. Globally Threatened Species in Each Key Biodiversity Area, by Biological Priority Group (key biodiversity areas in bold are priorities for CEPF investment)

Total # of Globally Threatened Key Biodiversity Area Country Amphibians Birds Mammals Reptiles Sea Turtles Woody Plants Species Biological Priority Score 1 Offshore Islands Antigua and Barbuda 1 1 1 1 3 Arikok National Park Aruba (to Netherlands) 1 1 2 Scotland District Barbados 1 1 1 3 Booby Pond Nature Reserve Cayman Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 1 3 Morne Trois Pitons National Park Dominica 2 3 8 13 Loma La Humeadora Dominican Republic 7 4 1 8 20 Los Haitises Dominican Republic 3 4 2 5 14 Los Quemados Dominican Republic 1 3 4 Parque Nacional Jaragua Dominican Republic 1 4 2 3 5 15 Massif forestier de l'île de Basse-Terre Guadeloupe (to France) 2 1 3 1 7 Dame-Marie Haiti 4 4 Ile de la Tortue Forest Haiti 1 1 Massif de la Hotte Haiti 28 5 3 6 42 Massif de la Selle Haiti 22 9 1 1 1 34 Plaisance Haiti 5 2 7 Presqu'ile du Nord-Ouest I Haiti 3 3 Presqu'ile du Nord-Ouest II Haiti 2 2 Blue Mountains Jamaica 7 5 1 1 27 41 Bluefields Jamaica 1 1 1 1 4 Catadupa Jamaica 9 3 9 21 Cockpit Country Jamaica 11 5 1 2 39 58 Dolphin Head Jamaica 7 1 14 22 Hellshire Hills Jamaica 2 1 2 6 11 John Crow Mountains Jamaica 5 5 1 14 25 Litchfield Mountain - Matheson's Run Jamaica 6 4 1 33 44 Mount Diablo Jamaica 7 3 1 1 13 25 Negril Jamaica 2 1 4 3 10 Portland Ridge and Bight Jamaica 1 1 1 2 2 7 Santa Cruz Mountains Jamaica 2 1 1 4 Rocher du Diamant Martinique (to France) 1 1 Centre Hills Montserrat (to U.K.) 1 2 2 1 4 10 Carite Puerto Rico (to USA) 9 1 1 11 Cordillera Central Puerto Rico (to USA) 6 1 12 19 Culebra Puerto Rico (to USA) 2 2 4 El Yunque Puerto Rico (to USA) 9 2 2 3 16 Karso del Norte Puerto Rico (to USA) 4 1 2 19 26 Karso del Sur Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 1 6 8 Maricao and Susúa Puerto Rico (to USA) 5 2 2 15 24 Mona y Monito Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 1 4 1 7

31 Total # of Globally Threatened Key Biodiversity Area Country Amphibians Birds Mammals Reptiles Sea Turtles Woody Plants Species Sabana Seca Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 1 Salinas de Punta Cucharas Puerto Rico (to USA) 7 7 Vieques Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 1 8 10 Government Forest Reserve St. Lucia 4 1 5 Point Sables St. Lucia 1 2 3 Anegada: Western salt ponds and coastal areas Virgin Islands (to U.K.) 1 3 4 Virgin Gorda Virgin Islands (to U.K.) 3 3 Biological Priority Score 2 Cove Pond Anguilla (to U.K.) 1 1 Eastern Anguilla Anguilla (to U.K.) 2 2 Grey Pond Anguilla (to U.K.) 1 1 Katouche Canyon Anguilla (to U.K.) 2 2 Long Pond Anguilla (to U.K.) 1 1 Scrub Island Anguilla (to U.K.) 1 1 Booby Cay Bahamas 1 1 Graham's Harbour Bahamas 1 1 Green Cay Bahamas 1 1 Guana Cays Bahamas 1 1 Lucayan National Park Bahamas 1 1 2 Southern Great Lake Bahamas 1 1 White Cay Bahamas 1 1 Botanic Park and Salina Reserve Cayman Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 2 Eastern Dry Forest Cayman Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 Franklin's Forest Cayman Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 Morne Diablotin National Park Dominica 1 3 1 5 Bahoruco Oriental Dominican Republic 7 6 1 3 17 Honduras Dominican Republic 2 1 4 7 Isabel de Torres Dominican Republic 1 2 3 Lago Enriquillo Dominican Republic 2 3 4 3 12 Laguna Bávaro Dominican Republic 3 3 Loma Guaconejo Dominican Republic 3 1 2 6 Loma Nalga de Maco y Río Limpio Dominican Republic 7 8 1 1 17 Loma Quita Espuela Dominican Republic 4 3 2 9 Parque Nacional Armando Bermudez Dominican Republic 12 10 3 2 27 Parque Nacional del Este Dominican Republic 2 3 2 1 3 11 Parque Nacional Jose del Carmen Ramirez Dominican Republic 7 7 Punta Cana Dominican Republic 3 1 3 7 Reserva Científica Ebano Verde Dominican Republic 6 4 1 6 17 Sierra de Bahoruco Dominican Republic 14 11 3 2 3 33 Sierra de Neyba Dominican Republic 4 7 3 4 18 Sierra Martin Garcia Dominican Republic 2 4 1 5 12

32 Total # of Globally Threatened Key Biodiversity Area Country Amphibians Birds Mammals Reptiles Sea Turtles Woody Plants Species Valle Nuevo Dominican Republic 10 8 3 11 32 Beausejour/Grenville Vale Grenada 1 1 Grand Etang Grenada 1 1 Mount Hartman Grenada 1 1 Mount Saint Catherine Grenada 1 1 Perseverance Grenada 1 1 Woodford Grenada 1 1 Woodlands Grenada 1 1 Cavaillon Haiti 1 1 Citadelle Haiti 6 2 8 Dubedou Haiti 1 1 Fond des Nêgres Haiti 1 1 Morne Bailly Haiti 6 6 Pic Tete Boeuf Haiti 6 6 Black River Great Morass Jamaica 1 1 1 2 5 Brazilleto Mountains Jamaica 1 2 3 Bull Bay Jamaica 3 1 5 9 Bull Head Jamaica 7 1 5 13 Don Figuerero Mountains Jamaica 6 3 9 Great River Jamaica 6 1 7 Kellets Camperdown Area Jamaica 7 1 8 Main Ridge Jamaica 7 1 8 Peckam Woods Jamaica 24 24 Point Hill Jamaica 4 2 6 Stephney Johns Vale Jamaica 6 5 11 White Rock Hill Jamaica 3 3 Yallahs Jamaica 1 1 2 Forêts du Nord et de la Montagne Pelée Martinique (to France) 1 1 1 1 4 Pitons du Carbet Martinique (to France) 1 1 1 5 8 Presqu'île de la Caravelle Martinique (to France) 2 1 3 Northern Forested Ghauts Montserrat (to U.K.) 1 1 2 South Soufriere Hills Montserrat (to U.K.) 2 2 Boven, Sint Eustatius Netherlands Antilles 2 2 Saba Netherlands Antilles 1 1 2 The Quill, Sint Eustatius Netherlands Antilles 2 2 Acantilados del Noroeste Puerto Rico (to USA) 12 12 Bahia de Jobos Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 1 Baños de Coamo Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 8 9 Ceiba and Naguabo Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 6 7 Cienaga Las Cucharillas Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 5 6 Corredor Ecológico del Noreste Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 5 6 Guaniquilla and Boquerón Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 4 5 Humacao Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 1 1 1 4

33 Total # of Globally Threatened Key Biodiversity Area Country Amphibians Birds Mammals Reptiles Sea Turtles Woody Plants Species Laguna Tortuguero Puerto Rico (to USA) 2 2 Las Piedras Chiquitas Puerto Rico (to USA) 5 5 Mogotes del Norte Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 7 8 Piñones Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 1 2 4 Sierra Bermeja and Laguna Cartagena Puerto Rico (to USA) 3 3 6 Sierra de Pandura Puerto Rico (to USA) 3 3 Suroeste Puerto Rico (to USA) 2 4 6 Colombier St. Barthelemy (to France) 2 2 Gustavio to Anse Toiny St. Barthelemy (to France) 1 1 Mandele Dry Forest St. Lucia 3 1 4 North-East Coast St. Lucia 2 2 Pitons Management Area St. Lucia 1 1 St. Vincent and the Colonarie Forest Reserve Grenadines 1 2 1 4 St. Vincent and the Cumberland Forest Reserve Grenadines 1 2 1 4 St. Vincent and the Dalaway Forest Reserve Grenadines 1 2 1 4 St. Vincent and the Kingstown Forest Reserve Grenadines 1 2 1 4 St. Vincent and the La Soufrière National Park Grenadines 1 2 1 4 Mount Pleasant Forest St. Vincent and the Reserve Grenadines 1 2 1 4 St. Vincent and the Richmond Forest Reserve Grenadines 1 2 1 4 Turks and Caicos Islands Bay and Middle Cays (to U.K.) 1 1 Turks and Caicos Islands Caicos Bank Southern Cays (to U.K.) 1 1 Turks and Caicos Islands Chalk Sound (to U.K.) 1 1 Turks and Caicos Islands East Bay Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 East Caicos and adjacent Turks and Caicos Islands areas (to U.K.) 1 1 2 North, Middle and East Caicos Turks and Caicos Islands Ramsar Site (to U.K.) 1 1 1 3 Princess Alexandra Land and Turks and Caicos Islands Sea (to U.K.) 1 1 Turks and Caicos Islands Salt Cay Creek and Salinas (to U.K.) 1 1 Turks and Caicos Islands Turks Bank Seabird Cays (to U.K.) 1 1 Anegada Virgin Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 Guana Island Virgin Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 Little Thatch Island Virgin Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 Necker Island Virgin Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 Sage Mountain Area Virgin Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 Buck Island Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 2 3

34 Total # of Globally Threatened Key Biodiversity Area Country Amphibians Birds Mammals Reptiles Sea Turtles Woody Plants Species Hassel Island Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 1 John Brewer's Bay Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 1 Magens Bay Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 3 4 Northwestern St. Croix Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 1 2 Protestant Cay Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 1 Ruth Cay Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 1 Southgate and Green Cay Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 1 St. John Virgin Islands (to USA) 2 1 9 12 Biological Priority Score 3 Wallings Forest Antigua and Barbuda 2 2 Allan's Cays Bahamas 1 1 Bitter Guana Cay Bahamas 1 1 Driggs Hill to Mars Bay Bahamas 2 2 East Plana Key Bahamas 1 1 Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park Bahamas 1 1 2 Harrold and Wilson Ponds National Park Bahamas 1 1 Mangrove Cay Bahamas 1 1 Red Bays Bahamas 1 1 San Andros Pond Bahamas 2 2 San Salvador Bahamas 1 1 South Andros Island Bahamas 1 1 Stafford Creek to Andros Town Bahamas 1 1 2 White Bay, Noddy, North Adderley and Leaf Cays Bahamas 1 1 Bluff Forest Cayman Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 2 Cochrane Dominica 5 5 Arroyo Lebrón, El Seybo Dominican Republic 1 1 Bahía de las Calderas Dominican Republic 2 1 1 1 5 Cabo Engaño Dominican Republic 1 1 Cerros de Chacuey - Dajabon Dominican Republic 1 1 Charcos de Damajagua, Imbert Dominican Republic 2 1 3 Gran Estero Dominican Republic 1 2 2 5 Hoyo Claro-Hoyo Azul Dominican Republic 1 1 Humedales del Bajo Yuna Dominican Republic 1 1 Jaiqui Picado, Moncion Dominican Republic 1 1 Laguna Cabral Dominican Republic 2 2 2 1 7 Laguna Limón Dominican Republic 1 1 2 Promontorio de Cabrera Dominican Republic 1 1 Rio Anamuya, La Altagracia Dominican Republic 1 1 Falaises Nord et Îlet de Vieux- Fort de Marie-Galante Guadeloupe (to France) 1 1 Gallery Forest of Baie-Mahault Guadeloupe (to France) 2 2 Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin's eastern coastline Guadeloupe (to France) 1 1 îlets de la Petite-Terre Guadeloupe (to France) 1 1 2 35 Total # of Globally Threatened Key Biodiversity Area Country Amphibians Birds Mammals Reptiles Sea Turtles Woody Plants Species Pointe des Châteaux Guadeloupe (to France) 1 1 Lac Azuéi Haiti 1 2 3 Trou Caïman Haiti 1 4 5 Caymanas Jamaica 1 1 2 Johnson Mountain Hills Jamaica 1 1 May Pen Jamaica 4 1 5 Milk River Jamaica 1 1 Mocho Mountains Jamaica 5 5 North Coast Forest Jamaica 2 2 1 3 8 Red Ground Jamaica 1 1 2 Rio Cobre Jamaica 2 1 1 4 Rio Grande Jamaica 3 1 4 Rio Magno Jamaica 2 1 3 Rio Pedro Jamaica 3 1 4 Swift River Jamaica 1 1 Wag Water River Jamaica 1 1 2 Grand Macabou Martinique (to France) 1 1 Mangrove de Fort de France Martinique (to France) 1 1 Massif forestier entre Le Diamant et les Trois-Îlets Martinique (to France) 1 1 Dos Pos, Bonaire Netherlands Antilles 1 1 Lac Bay, Bonaire Netherlands Antilles 1 1 Washikemba-Fontein-Onima, Bonaire Netherlands Antilles 1 1 Washington-Slagbaai National Park, Bonaire Netherlands Antilles 1 1 2 Bosque de Vega Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 1 2 Caño Tiburones Puerto Rico (to USA) 1 3 4 Rat Island St. Lucia 1 1 Biological Priority Score 4 Bethesda Dam Antigua and Barbuda 1 1 Christian Cove Antigua and Barbuda 1 1 Codrington Lagoon and the Creek Antigua and Barbuda 1 1 Fitches Creek Bay Antigua and Barbuda 1 1 Hanson's Bay - Flashes Antigua and Barbuda 1 1 McKinnons Salt Pond Antigua and Barbuda 1 1 Potworks dam Antigua and Barbuda 1 1 Valley Church Bay Antigua and Barbuda 1 1 Cat Island Wetlands Bahamas 1 1 Cay Sal Bahamas 1 1 Great Inagua Bahamas 1 1 Grog Pond Bahamas 1 1 Lee Stocking Island Bahamas 1 1 Long Island and Hog Cay Bahamas 1 1 Bath Beach Barbados 1 1

36 Total # of Globally Threatened Key Biodiversity Area Country Amphibians Birds Mammals Reptiles Sea Turtles Woody Plants Species Hilton Beach Barbados 1 1 South Coast Beaches Barbados 1 1 Central Mangrove Wetland Cayman Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 Crown Wetlands Cayman Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 2 Sparrowhawk Hill Cayman Islands (to U.K.) 1 1 Point Des Foux Dominica 1 1 Pico de Diego de Ocampo Dominican Republic 1 1 Bathway Beach Grenada 1 1 Levera Beach Grenada 1 1 Trois-Ilets & Folle Anse de Marie-Galante Guadaloupe 1 1 La Désirade Guadeloupe (to France) 1 1 Ilet Bas limbe Haiti 1 1 Lagon-aux-Boeufs Haiti 1 1 1 3 Ilets Boiseau et Petit Piton Martinique (to France) 1 1 Ile Fourchue and satellites St. Barthelemy (to France) 1 1 Petite Islette St. Barthelemy (to France) 1 1 Tintamarre St. Martin (to France) 1 1 Canyon to Key St. Kitts and Nevis 1 1 Fish Ponds and Crossing Turks and Caicos Islands Place Trail, Middle Caicos (to U.K.) 1 1 Turks and Caicos Islands Middle Caicos Forest (to U.K.) 1 1 East End Bay Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 1 Isaac’s Bay Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 1 Jack’s Bay Virgin Islands (to USA) 1 1 Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge Virgin Islands (to USA) 3 3

Note: The key biodiversity areas defined for Cuba were not included in the prioritization as the data available for Cuba includes only IBAs and thus birds at this time.

37 Appendix 4: Status of Ratification of Main International Conventions with Date of Ratification, Accession or Entry Into Force

Country CBD UNFCC UNCCD Ramsar* CITES* WHC CMS Cartagena Convention SPAW Protocol Antigua and Barbuda 1993 1993 1997 2005 1997 1983 2007 1986 No Bahamas 1993 1994 2001 1997 1979 No No No No Barbados 1993 1994 1997 2006 1993 2002 No 1985 2002 Cuba 1994 1994 1997 2001 1990 1981 2008 1988 1998 Dominica 1994 1993 1998 No 1995 1995 No 1990 No Dominican Republic 1996 1998 1997 2002 1987 1985 No 1998 1998 Grenada 1994 1994 1997 No 1999 1998 No 1987 No Haiti 1996 1996 1996 No No 1980 No No No Jamaica 1995 1995 1998 1998 1997 1983 No 1987 No St. Kitts and Nevis 1993 1993 1997 No 1994 1986 No 1999 No St. Lucia 1993 1993 1997 2002 1983 1991 No 1984 2000 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1996 1996 1998 No 1989 2003 No 1990 1991 * = Entry into force.

Appendix 5: Summary of Current Environmental Mainstreaming Within the Main Economic Sectors in the Caribbean (based on EU 2009)

Agriculture. The goals of the CARICOM Community Agricultural Policy include the efficient management and sustainable exploitation of the region’s natural resources, including forests and other living resources of the exclusive economic zone.

Forestry. Many countries have developed new forestry legislation that promotes integration of sustainability principles into forest management, the use of planning tools such as sustainable management plans, and the decentralization of management responsibilities, including devolution to local communities and the private sector. Recent efforts focus on reforestation and restoration of degraded lands, the protection of watersheds and integrated ecosystem management. In addition, national forest programs have become a major framework for policy and institutional development at the national level, and several countries have developed a Code of Forestry Practice that sets out environmental management requirements for forest operations. There have also been several initiatives towards a ‘Regional Strategy of Sustainable Forestry’ within the Latin American and Caribbean region.

Mining. Most countries already have a clear mining policy and strategy, complemented by strict mining laws and regulations e.g. Environmental Management Plans in Cuba, and EIA legislation (Jamaica drafted a new mineral policy including strong environmental provisions in 2008). In addition, many of the major international financial institutions that provide project financing for large mining developments are signatories to the Equator Principles, which requires strict compliance with international standards of best practice, including rigorous and independent EIAs.

Water. The Caribbean Water Partnership provides a framework for collaboration in integrated water resources management. Nearly all countries have multiple institutions and agencies involved in water resources management and no effective institutional mechanism in place to coordinate the inputs of these entities (Jamaica (through its National Environmental and Planning Agency) is one country where some degree of coordination takes place), and generally, regular water resources assessments are not undertaken, and, where they are done, they do not include: Demand Assessment (which examines the competing uses of water with the physical resource base and assesses demand for water); and EIA, Social Impact Assessment and risk and vulnerability assessment (which includes the likelihood of extreme events, such as floods and droughts and the appropriate mitigation strategies to deal with these events).

Energy. CARICOM countries are committed to increase the contribution of alternative sources of energy to at least 10 percent of the energy mix by 2010, under the Johannesburg Programme of Implementation of 2002.

Tourism. A regional Caribbean Tourism Strategic Plan was developed in July 2004, which addresses issues such as sustainable development including environment, community development and health, but only a few Caribbean states have developed National Sustainable Tourism Master Plans. Some countries such as Jamaica and Barbados have formulated Tourism Master Plans with links to national Development Plans. Others, such as Grenada and Barbados have established National Sustainable Development Councils. Dominica has a number of sustainable tourism related initiatives including the Dominica Nature Island Standard of Excellence. The Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) and the Caribbean Hotel Association convene a Regional Sustainable Tourism Conference each year, and the CTO has been implementing the Caribbean Regional Sustainable Tourism Development Programme funded by the European Commission.

Urbanization. Many countries’ planning and development legislative framework for urbanization is outdated or inappropriate, and most have only recently started to incorporate environmental assessment and controls as an integral part of urban development. Several Caribbean governments have created urban development corporations as a mean to address the environment and development challenges posed by rapid urbanization. Cuba is one of the pilot countries for the implementation of the joint Urban Environment Strategy (UN- Habitat/UNEP) for Latin America and the Caribbean.

Infrastructure, construction and transport. National and regional Transport policies include environmental issues like energy efficiency, environmentally sound and efficient transportation, pollution reduction and control and the use of safe technologies.

Trade. The potential use of trade agreements to induce foreign companies to pay greater attention to environmental management remains to be explored (although some new trade agreements, such as DR-CAFTA between the Dominican Republic and Central America, include an environmental policy component)

39 Appendix 6: UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol Ratification Status in the Caribbean and 1st National Communication and National Adaptation Strategy or Plan (UNFCCC 2009 and UNEP 2008)

1st National National UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol Comm. adaptation Country Signature Ratification Entry into Signature Ratification Entry into Year strategy or plan force force approved Antigua and Barbuda 04/06/92 02/02/93 21/03/94 16/03/98 03/11/98 16/02/05 2001 Bahamas 12/06/92 20/03/94 27/06/94 09/04/99 16/02/05 2001 Barbados 12/06/92 23/03/94 21/06/94 07/08/00 16/02/05 2001 Cuba 12/06/92 05/01/94 05/04/94 15/03/99 30/04/02 16/02/05 2001 Dominica 21/06/93 21/03/94 25/01/05 25/04/05 2001 Approved Dominican Republic 12/06/92 07/10/98 05/01/99 12/02/02 16/02/05 2003 Grenada 03/12/92 11/08/94 09/11/94 06/08/02 16/02/05 2000 Haiti 13/06/92 25/09/96 24/12/96 06/07/05 04/10/05 2002 NAPA Jamaica 12/06/92 06/01/95 06/04/95 28/06/99 16/02/05 2000 St. Kitts and Nevis 12/06/92 08/04/08 07/07/08 08/04/08 07/07/08 2001 St. Lucia 14/06/93 14/06/93 21/04/94 16/03/98 20/08/03 16/02/05 2001 Approved St. Vincent and the Grenadines 02/12/96 02/03/97 19/03/98 31/12/04 31/03/05 2000 Approved