Charting a New Course Annual Report 2013 Foreword Towards a new format for DPI

based virtual set-up with an international reach, offers its partners a variety of Last year, in our Foreword to the 2012 Annual benefits: flexibility and responsiveness Report, we had expressed the hope that the in project organisation and execution, a choice of the best available competences Dutch government would take a long-term from across the world, high-quality view and continue to support public-private research carried out in a programme- based framework assuring coherence and partnerships like DPI as part of its policy to a long-term dimension. In addition, via the promote collaborative research and innovation DPI Value Centre, we maintain a strong link with the downstream polymer industry. and enhance the knowledge infrastructure in The Polymer Value Chain Projects launched the Netherlands. by DPI and DPI Value Centre in 2012 are proving to be successful enablers of collaboration in innovation among players in the polymer value chain.

Over the past fifteen years, DPI has deve- Serious consequences International partnerships loped into an internationally acclaimed Although we continue to have the financial Our international dimension is one of our example of cost effectively addressing commitment of our industrial partners, key strengths. With a substantial part of the needs of industry while at the same the reduction in government funding has the world’s polymer expertise being time building a strong academic base severely affected DPI’s financial position. located in Western Europe, DPI has been producing innovative solutions as well as It has necessitated some drastic cost- able to fulfil a successful international competently trained polymer experts. reduction measures, including suspension role because of its well-established natio- DPI’s success is also the success of the of vacancies and cancellation of equip- nal and regional position. The international Dutch government, whose commitment ment orders for DPI research projects. dimension is not only important to our and financial support have all along been We are also not entering into any new partners; it also offers clear benefits of crucial importance in creating the project or programme commitments. for the knowledge infrastructure in the strong knowledge infrastructure for poly- While these measures were unavoidable Netherlands. Over the past fifteen years, mers that the Netherlands boasts today. in the given circumstances, they form a the revenues that DPI has been able to serious threat to the continuation of a generate through its partnerships in other This polymer knowledge infrastructure is proven collaborative platform that caters countries have had a positive impact likely to come under pressure now as a to the long-term needs of industry through on the volume and quality of academic result of the changes in government policy a strategic research programme carried research in the Netherlands. Moreover, announced recently. While we understand out by top-class research groups in the bilateral partnerships between foreign that a reappraisal of the funding schemes Netherlands and abroad. was necessary in light of the severe budget reductions required at the central Both our academic partners and our government level, it is highly regrettable industrial partners recognize the impor- DPI TEAM – Top row: Thomas Manders, that with the introduction of the generic tance of such a bridging role. In general, Peter Nossin, John van Haare, “Top Sectors and TKI” policy, all successful DPI research programmes have led to Christianne Bastiaens and Peter Kuppens. specific funding schemes addressing the a greater academic effort in polymer Second row: Renée Hoogers, needs of industry and the need to enhance science research than would have been Sherida Koenders, Miranda Heuvelmans, the Dutch knowledge infrastructure have possible without such a collaborative plat- Jacques Joosten and Jeanne van Asperdt. been discontinued. The Top Sector/TKI form. And it has enabled a collaborative Third row: Jan Stamhuis, Rosanne Peters, policy will certainly make some contribu- approach to challenges that extend Denka Hristova-Bogaerds and tion to maintaining polymer expertise and beyond companies’ individual innovation Ronald Korstanje. employment in the Netherlands, but the portfolios. To our partners, being a partner Fourth row: Monique Bruining and accelerated reduction of government in DPI has meant participating in an active Mercedes Crego Calama. funding for DPI will have a significant community of businesses and knowledge Absent in this picture: Sybrand van der negative impact on the field. institutions which, thanks to a network- Zwaag and Angela Looymans.

2 companies and Dutch universities have us enough room to continue to expand our research area, for the guidance and sprouted from the fertile ground laid by international base to the same extent inspiration he gave to our research the DPI network. Also, the presence of DPI as before. This also means that for the programme in this area. and the active polymer network around it time being we are unable to follow up has encouraged a number of foreign the successful pilot Networking Event we The future of DPI companies to set up operations in the organised in Shanghai, China in November DPI has been successful so far thanks to Netherlands. And just as important: our 2013 in cooperation with Teijin Aramid the Dutch government’s financial support international dimension offers a wider Asia, SABIC and International Top Talent and the commitment and contributions platform for knowledge exchange and (ITT). from our industrial and academic partners access to the talent pools of other worldwide. We believe that the bridging countries. Scientific quality role that DPI has played has made a major DPI continues to deliver a high volume of contribution to new developments in In 2013, we made further progress in scientific output of a consistently high polymers and a dynamic knowledge extending our international reach. At the quality recognized by the international infrastructure in the Netherlands. We are European level, we took further steps scientific community. In 2013, DPI now in discussion with other parties to towards establishing collaborations with projects resulted in 21 PhD theses and see if we can find additional funding at the Flanders (Flemish-speaking Belgium) 170 scientific papers published by resear- national, regional and international level. and the German state of North-Rhine chers working on DPI projects. At 4.70, Backed by the continued support of our Westphalia. We have already signed a our average Journal Impact Factor for partners, which we now need more than letter of intent with partners in Flanders 2013 remained at the high level sustained ever before, we hope to be able to safe- and we expect to do the same in North- over the past several years. guard this essential role for the benefit of Rhine Westphalia soon. These collabora­ the polymer sector. tions across three European countries DPI scientists and DPI projects are will not only strengthen our network in the regularly honoured with international Euregion, but will also enable us to link up acclaim. Worthy of special mention here is Jacques Joosten – Managing Director better with the EU and its Horizon2020 SHINE, a EU Seventh Framework project programme. that is being coordinated by DPI and in which a consortium of two universities, In China, we entered into a partnership four research centres, four large industrial with a second university: Tsinghua companies and two SMEs are working University in Beijing, the country’s No. together to develop self-healing innovative 1 university. And our efforts in Brazil have elastomers. The EU has selected SHINE as Sybrand van der Zwaag – Scientific Director resulted in the formation of a consortium one of the success stories in FP7. in which DPI joined forces with the Eindhoven University of Technology and DPI research programmes offer PhD the National Council for Scientific and students the opportunity to work on Technological Development of Brazil industrially relevant topics and to gain (CNPq). experience in working to both academic and industry standards and requirements. Our partnerships with Chinese players are This makes for a smooth transition of well- important for our partners in Europe, who trained scientists to the labour market. are keen to tap into the growing pool of In 2013, 45 new well-trained scientists young Chinese scientists, as well as our became available for the polymer sector. partners in China, for whom such partner- Many of these entered into the employ- ships can be helpful in achieving their ment of DPI’s industrial and academic growing international ambitions. For partners. businesses and universities in Brazil, working together with partners in Europe Under the leadership of Professor Martien means an opportunity to acquire know- Cohen Stuart, who retired as Scientific ledge in the field of polymers and explore Director of DPI at the beginning of this the possibilities for their attractive raw year, DPI was able to boost the high DPI VALUE CENTRE TEAM – Top row: materials position in biomass in light of scientific quality and reputation it has Johan Tiesnitsch and Jos Lobée. Europe’s steadily depleting fossil-based enjoyed worldwide. We would like to Second row: Eelco Rietveld, resources. thank Professor Cohen Stuart for his Peter Nossin, Bart van den Berg, strong commitment and dedicated Arie Brouwer and Louis Jetten. Although our international activities efforts. Our thanks also go to Professor Third row: Ineke Laeven, Judith Tesser, remain of crucial importance, for the time Claus Eisenbach, who retired as Scientific Martin van Dord, Peter Koppert, being our financial situation will not leave Chairman of our Coatings Technology Gerrie Verhoeven and Coco Lenssen.

4 5 Contents

Foreword ...... 2

About DPI...... 7

Technology Areas...... 26

Output per area 2013...... 36

6 Organisation 2013

Supervisory Board Scientific Programme Chairmen Organisation Staff • Dr. H.M.H. van Wechem, Chairman • Prof.dr. V. Busico • A.F.J. van Asperdt - Fin. Administration • Dr. J.A. Roos Polyolefins • C.H.L.M. Bastiaens - Communications • Prof.dr. C.J. van Duijn • Prof.dr. C. Creton • Dr. M.J. Bruining - General Affairs • Dr. F. Kuijpers Performance Polymers • M.M.G. Heuvelmans - Fin. Administration • Prof. K.C.A.M. Luyben • Prof.dr. F. de Schryver • R.P.F. Hoogers-Valken - Secretariat • Dr. M. Wubbolts Functional Polymer Systems • S.G. Koenders - Project Administration and Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics • P.J.J. Kuppens, AA - Controlling • Prof.dr. C.D. Eisenbach • A.C.M. Looymans - Project Administration Council of Participants Coatings Technology • Prof.dr. G. ten Brinke • Prof.dr. U.S. Schubert University of Groningen, Chairman High-Throughput Experimentation Staff European projects • Prof.dr. G. Eggink • Dr. J.A.E.H. van Haare Bio-Inspired Polymers Project Manager SEAFRONT Scientific Reference Committee • Prof.dr. M.A. Cohen Stuart • Dr. D.G. Hristova-Bogaerds • Prof.dr. A.J. Schouten Corporate Research and Emerging Project Manager COMPNANOCOMP University of Groningen, Chairman Technologies • R.J. Korstanje, MSc • Prof.dr. L. Leibler Project Manager SHINE Ecole Supérieure Physique et Chimie • A.M.G. Steinmann Industrielles, Paris EU-SEAFRONT Project Office • Prof.dr. H. Sirringhaus University of Cambridge • Prof.dr. B. Voit PERSONNEL CHANGES AT DPI Institut für Polymerforschung, Dresden DPI saw several changes in its personnel in 2013. A short overview is given below.

Jacques Joosten, whose tenure as Managing Director of DPI ended in April 2014, will Executive Board continue to hold this position. His tenure has been extended for at least another two • Dr. J.G.H. Joosten years. Managing Director, Chairman • Prof.dr. M.A. Cohen Stuart As of 1 January 2014, Sybrand van der Zwaag took up the role of Scientific Director of Scientific Director (until 31-12- 2013) DPI, succeeding Martien Cohen Stuart, who stepped down as Scientific Director having • Prof.dr. S. van der Zwaag reached retirement age. See pages 11 and 21 for more information. Scientific Director (from 01-01-2014) Professor Gerrit ten Brinke of the University of Groningen, who was Chair of DPI’s Coun- cil of Participants, has stepped down from this position. DPI is currently looking for a Programme Area Coordinators successor. • Dr. M.J. Bruining Corporate Research Professor Claus Eisenbach, Scientific Chairman of the Coatings Technology research • Dr. M. Crego Calama area, retired in 2013. DPI is currently looking for a successor. High-Throughput Experimentation, Coatings Technology Harold Gankema, Programme Area Coordinator for Coatings Technology and High- • Dr. J.A.E.H. van Haare Throughput Experimentation and project leader of the European SHINE project, left Functional Polymer Systems, DPI in February 2013. His role as Programme Area Coordinator has been taken over by Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics Dr. Mercedes Crego Calama, who joined DPI in March 2013. The new coordinator for the • R.J. Korstanje, MSc SHINE project is Ronald Korstanje, who joined DPI in March 2013. Performance Polymers • Dr. P.M.M. Nossin Jan Stamhuis has handed over his role as Programme Area Coordinator for Performance Bio-Inspired Polymers Polymers to Ronald Korstanje. • Dr. J.E. Stamhuis Polyolefins,Enhanced Oil Recovery, John van Haare, Ronald Korstanje and Denka Hristova-Bogaerds have each been given Emerging Technologies the responsibility to coordinate an EU project.

Shila de Vries, responsible for Legal and IP Affairs at DPI, left DPI in March 2013 to take up a new position elsewhere.

7 DPI: International Centre of Excellence in Polymers

In the last few years DPI has transformed itself into an International Centre of Excellence in Polymers. To achieve that goal, the institute has expanded its pre-competitive research programme with projects focussing on pre-commercial and societal themes.

PRE-COMPETITIVE PROGRAMME

DPI Rules & regulations apply to all projects

Polyolefins Performance Polymers Functional Polymer Coatings Technology Systems

30 projects 29 projects 22 projects 10 projects

Industry Academia Industry Industry Industry • Borealis • Consorzio Interuniversi- • AkzoNobel • BASF • AkzoNobel • Braskem tario Nazionale per la • BASF • DSM • Altana • Dow Benelux Scienza e Technologia • Bayer • ECN • DSM • DSM die Materiali (INSTM) • Bekaert • Industrial Technology • Lawter • ExxonMobil • Eindhoven University of • DSM Research Institute • Saint-Gobain • ITRI Technology • Sabic Taiwan • Lanxess Elastomers • ESPCE-Lyon • SKF • Philips • LyondellBasell • Fraunhofer Institute for • Teijin Aramid • Rolic Technologies • Petrobras Structural Durability and • Sabic • Sabic System Reliability LBF • Solvay • SCG Chemicals • Japan Advanced • TNO • Sinopec Institute of Science and • Symyx Technology • Teijin Aramid • Johann Kepler University • Ticona Linz • Freeslate • Karlsruhe Institute of Academia Academia Academia Technology • Loughborough University • CNRS Strasbourg • Delft University of • Changchun Institute of • Martin-Luther University • Delft University of Technology Applied Chemistry of Halle-Wittenberg Technology • ECN • Eindhoven University of • National Council for • DWI an der RWTH Aachen • Eindhoven University of Technology Scientific and Technologi- • Eindhoven University of Technology • University of cal Development (CNPq) Technology • Imperial College London Haute-Alsace • Polymer Technology • Fraunhofer Institute for • Nanoforce Technology • Wageningen University Group Eindhoven Structural Durability and • University of Groningen • Queens University System Reliability LBF • Radboud University • National Technical Nijmegen University of Athens • UFRGS Universidade • University of Goningen Federal do Rio Grande • University of Twente do Sul • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro • University of Amsterdam • University of Antwerp • University of Erlangen • University of Manitoba • University of Naples Federico II • University of Ottawa • University of Perugia • University of Salerno • University of Turin • University of Udine

Expenditure € 2.69 million Expenditure € 1.49 million Expenditure € 1.40 million Expenditure € 1.04 million FTEs 29.8 (51 researchers) FTEs 13.9 (20 researchers) FTEs 12.1 (27 researchers) FTEs 13.5 (17 researchers)

8 Pre-competitive research collaboration with scientists from our for all of the partners in the specific programme industrial partners. Shaping that collabo- technology area to highlight and explains ration between industry and academia is its research results. This enables DPI to DPI’s pre-competitive research programme the key to building a coherent community monitor, evaluate and steer the projects. currently embraces ten technology areas. that delivers the research results to the The research results are shared within the Companies and knowledge institutes can envisaged high standard and prepares technology area and all of the partners are participate in one or more of these areas, our scientists for their future careers, in free to use the knowledge that is acquired, each of which encompasses a substantial industry or elsewhere. with the exception of knowledge that is number of projects. The participating part of an invention. When an invention is companies jointly define the programmes The interaction between academic resear- reported and partners are interested in for the specific technology areas in chers and industrial scientists takes using that knowledge, DPI files a patent which they participate. PhD students and various forms. Each project team submits application and the industrial partners post-docs from our partner knowledge quarterly reports to DPI, while twice a year involved in that specific technology area institutes perform their research in close every researcher also gives a presentation have the first claim to it.

DPI Rules & regulations apply to all projects

High-Throughput Bio-Inspired Polymers Large-Area Thin-Film Emerging Technologies Corporate Research Experimentation Electronics

6 projects 8 projects 9 projects 1 project 25 projects

Industry Industry Industry Industry Industry • Chemspeed • Food and Biobased • DSM • DPI partners • All DPI partners take part • Evonik Research, Wageningen • Philips • M2i partners in Corporate Research • Forschungsgesellschaft UR • Solvay Kunststoffe • FrieslandCampina • TNO • Michelin • Petrobras Academia • Microdrop Technologies • Sabic • Teijin Aramid • Delft University of Technology

Academia Academia Academia Enhanced Oil Recovery Academia • Fraunhofer Institute for • Eindhoven University of • Eindhoven University of • Delft University of Structural Durability and Technology Technology Technology System Reliability LBF • Food and Biobased • Imperial College London 3 projects • Eindhoven University of • Friedrich-Schiller Research, Wageningen • Max Planck Institute für Technology University, Jena UR Polymerforschung Industry • ESRF, Grenoble • Radboud University • Friedrich-Schiller- • University of Algarve • Foundation for University Jena • University of Groningen • Shell fundamental research on • National Council for • University of Twente • SNF matter (FOM) Scientific and Techno- • University of Wuppertal • Radboud University logical Development Academia • TI Food and Nutrition (CNPq) • Delft University of (TIFN) • Tsinghua University Technology • University of Groningen • Universidade Federal do • University of Groningen • University of Twente Rio de Janeiro • Wageningen University

Expenditure €0.72 million Expenditure € 1.20 million Expenditure € 1.12 million Expenditure € 0.30 million Expenditure € 1.40 million FTEs 7.1 (13 researchers) FTEs 8.8 (19 researchers) FTEs 12.1 (16 researchers) FTEs 3.9 (5 researchers) FTEs 16.1 (17 researchers)

9 Industrial pre-commercial generate economic activity within the the project (foreground knowledge) is programme foreseeable future (i.e., no later than the property of the inventing partner, and two to five years after completion of the any background knowledge contributed The industrial pre-commercial programme­ project). to the project remains the property of the consist of Value Chain projects and EU partner that provided it. Other partners projects. The conditions for performing DPI’s role is to actively assist in establi- have free access to the knowledge Value Chain projects are described below shing the collaboration between the contributed to and/or generated during the and those of EU projects are generally partners and to coordinate the project. project, but only to the extent necessary known and are available on the web. DPI can also act as coordinator of a project. for developments in the project. Specific Particularly when SMEs are involved, DPI agreements are made to enable access The Value Chain projects offer companies works together with the DPI Value Centre. to another partner’s IP for commercial and/or research institutes the opportunity application of the knowledge outside the to establish consortia for innovation DPI provides a model framework for the project. projects, in which they collaborate within collaboration, but the detailed rules the value chain. Every partner plays an are agreed between the members of the active role in the project, which must be consortium. As regards intellectual aimed at further development of the property, the basic principle is that the innovation. The projects are intended to knowledge created during the course of

PRE-COMMERCIAL PROGRAMME

Model framework for collaboration

Rules and regulations set by Rules and regulations set by Rules and regulations set by Rules and regulations set by involved partners involved partners involved partners involved partners

CompNanoComp SHINE SEAFRONT Value Chain projects (1-10-2011/ 30-9-2014) (1-2-2013/31-7-2016) (1-1-2014/31-12-2017)

Partners Partners Partners Projects • DPI • DPI • DPI • Next Generation Valve • Rhodia • Acciona Infraestructuras • International Paint Ltd • KeyKeg HD • National Technical University • Arkema • Fraunhofer IFAM • Kunstof pallets uit gemengde of Athens • BIWI SA • I-Tech AB reststromen • Eindhoven University of • Cidetec • University of Newcastle upon • Closing the loop with biobased Technology • Critical Materials Tyne Carpet • Centre National de la Recherche • ESPCI ParisTech • Minesto AB • De ontwikkeling van biobitumen Scientifique - Laboratoire • Forschungszentrum Jülich • Solvay Specialty Polymers op basis van hoogwaardig her­ Polymères et Matériaux Avancés • Fraunhofer UMSICHT • Delft University of Technology gebruik van bio(afval)stromen • General Electric • MTA-TTK • Eindhoven University of Techno- • AM medical textiles • European Centre for • SKF Engineering & Research logy • Hoogwaardig gegoten PMMA Nanostructured Centre • University of Bristol Plaat (HGPP) Polymers • Teijin Aramid • Val FoU • Flame retardant glass-filled • University of Ulm • Delft University of Technology • Biotrend high heat PLA compounds for • Lomonosov Moscow State • BioLog injection molding for application University • University of Gothenburg in household appliances • Institute of Macromolecular • Bio-On • Antifogging additives for polymer Compounds • Bluewater Energy Services films St. Petersburg • Smartcom Software • Introductie van poedercoating- • National Research Centre • Solintel technologie op pilotschaal in Kurchatov • Hapag Lloyd toepassingen op ondergronden Institute zoals kunststof en hout • Phys Chem Ltd • Wicker 2.0 • Biofilm • Magneto-Rheological Elastomers technology and Budget €2.2 million Budget €6.4 million Budget €11.2 million product development, stage 1: (€1.5 million EU subsidy) (€4.0 million EU subsidy) (€8.0 million EU subsidy) feasibility study

10 Projects driven by societal SOCIETAL PROGRAMME themes Plastic Marine Litter DPI is confronted with new demands from (to prevent plastic from ending up in the oceans) society in relation to scientific research into polymers. A major inter­national issue Start date 1-9-2012 is that of ‘plastic soup’, the vast volumes of plastic waste that accumulate in Partners certain areas of the oceans and seas and • DPI • DPI Value Centre harm the ecosystem. DPI has become • IMSA increasingly aware in recent years that • Stichting De Noordzee companies, knowledge institutions and • University Utrecht • Kruidenier Foodservices the government are not its only stake­ • SABIC holders. Society at large can also benefit • Van Gansewinkel from the knowledge and expertise generated by the DPI community as a source of possible solutions for societal issues such as ‘plastic soup’.

DPI HIGHLIGHTS of Technology) and Danqing Liu (“Respon- to industrial process models. In 2003 he sive Surface Topographies”, Eindhoven took up the Chair in Novel Aerospace University of Technology). The award was Materials at the same university, working DPI Invention Award presented during the DPI Annual Meeting on the design of new materials for future The DPI Invention Award 2013 was granted 2013 in Arnhem on 5 November. aircraft and spacecraft. The NovAM to Dr. Rob Duchateau in recognition of his research portfolio covers advanced poly- scientific output in the last few years and mers, self-healing materials, new metallic for his application of fundamental know- New Scientific Director in 2014 systems and polymer based sensorial ledge as a catalyst for various polymer As of 1 January 2014, Professor Sybrand composites. processes and properties. The award was van der Zwaag took up the role of presented to Dr. Duchateau at the European Scientific Director of DPI. He succeeded Professor van der Zwaag is a member of Polymer Congress 2013 in Pisa, Italy. The Martien Cohen Stuart, who stepped down the Royal Holland Society of Sciences and DPI Invention Award is granted every two as Scientific Director having reached Humanities and a fellow of the Institute of years to a researcher from the DPI network retirement age. In his capacity as Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3). He who has made a significant contribution Scientific Director, Sybrand Van der is the scientific director of the Delft Centre to the development of polymer research Zwaag is responsible for DPI’s scientific for Materials, chairman of the national and technology in Europe and enabled quality and reputation. IOP research program on self-healing scientific knowledge to be quickly conver- materials in the Netherlands and co- ted into industrial applications. Previous Sybrand van der Zwaag (1955) holds an director of the German program in this winners of the award were Professor MSc degree in metallurgy from the Delft field. He has published almost 400 journal D.J. Broer and Dr. C.W.M. Bastiaansen University of Technology (Netherlands) and publications and has supervised 38 PhD (2007), Professor U.S. Schubert (2009) a PhD in applied physics from Cambridge students. and Professor C.E. Koning (2011). University (UK) for his research on super- sonic impact on ceramics. After a post-doc In 2012 he was awarded the honorary title position related to metallic glasses he of ‘Distinguished Professor” by the Board DPI Golden Thesis Award joined Akzo Nobel Corporate Research in of the Delft University of Technology in The DPI Golden Thesis Award 2013 was 1982 to work on the structure-property recognition of his contribution to the inter- granted to Nicole Franssen for her thesis relationships for aramid and other high action between academic research and entitled “Functional (Co)polymers from performance polymeric fibres. In 1987 industry in the field of materials in general Carbenes – Scope, Mechanism and he joined Akzo Fibre research to work on and that of self-healing materials in Polymer Properties”. Nicole did her PhD process innovations for aramid fibres. particular. He remains deeply interested work at the University of Amsterdam In 1992 he was appointed Professor of in the challenge of combining academic under the supervision of Prof. Bas de Microstructural Control in Metals at the science with industrial needs and vice Bruin. The other two candidates were: Delft University of Technology, where he versa. Jeroen Cottaar (“Modeling of charge- investigated fundamental aspects of solid transport processes for predictive state phase transformations in steel and Martien Cohen Stuart wrote a personal simulation of OLEDs”, Eindhoven University aluminium for a more solid scientific basis note. See page 21.

11 Partners Industry 2013

North and South America, Asia

Europe

Altana

BASF

Bayer

Bekaert

Borealis

Celanese

Chemspeed Technologies

Evonik

Forschungsgesellschaft Kunststoffe

12 The Netherlands Accelrys

Braskem

ExxonMobil

Freeslate

Industrial Technology Research Institute Taiwan

Petrobras

SCG-Chemicals (new in 2013)

Sinopec

AkzoNobel

Dow Benelux

DSM

LyondellBasell ECN

Food and Biobased Research Michelin Wageningen UR

Microdrop Technologies FrieslandCampina

Rolic Technologies Lanxess Elastomers

Saint-Gobain Lawter

SKF Philips

SNF Floerger Sabic

Solvay Shell

Teijin Aramid

TNO

13 Partners Knowledge institutes 2013

North and South America, Asia

Europe CNRS Strasbourg (new in 2013)

INSTM (new in 2013)

DWI an der RWTH Aachen

ESCPE-Lyon

ESRF, Grenoble

Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF

Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena

Imperial College London

Johann Kepler University Linz (new in 2013)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (new in 2013)

Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden (No research projects in 2013)

Loughborough University

Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg

Max-Planck Institute für Polymer Forschung

14 Changchun Institute of Applied The Netherlands Chemistry (new in 2013)

Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (new in 2013)

Queens University

Tsinghua University (new in 2013)

UFRGS Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (new in 2013)

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (new in 2013)

University of Manitoba

University of Ottawa

Nanoforce Technology Delft University of Technology

National Technical University of Athens ECN

Queen Mary & Westfield College, Uni. Eindhoven University of Technology of London (No research projects in 2013)

University of Algarve FOM

Food and Biobased Research University of Antwerp Wageningen UR

University of Cologne NWO (No research projects in 2013)

University of Erlangen (new in 2013) Polymer Technology Group Eindhoven

University of Haute-Alsace Radboud University Nijmegen

University of Naples Federico II University of Amsterdam

University of Perugia University of Groningen

University of Salerno University of Twente (No research projects in 2013)

University of Turin (new in 2013) Wageningen University

University of Udine

University of Wuppertal

15 Summary of financial data 2013

Income (x EUR million) %

Contributions from industrial partners 3.92 11.6 In-kind contributions from industrial partners 11.54 34.1 Revenue Patents 0.03 0.1 Revenue DPI Value Centre 0.62 1.8 Contributions from knowledge institutes 3.16 9.3 Contributions from Ministry of EA 9.00 26.6 EU FP7 projects 2.37 7.0 Industrial pre-commercial research programme Value Chain 3.13 9.3 Solving societal themes and challenges 0.04 0.1

Total income 33.81 100

Expenditure (x EUR million) %

By nature Personnel costs 11.95 36.5 Depreciation 0.58 1.8 Other costs 1.78 5.4 In-kind contribution 11.73 35.8 EU FP7 projects 2.45 7.5 Industrial pre-commercial research programme Value Chain 4.22 12.9 Solving societal themes and challenges 0.01 0.0

Total expenditure 32.72 100

By Technology Area Polyolefins 2.96 25.5 Performance Polymers 1.49 12.8 Functional Polymer Systems 1.40 12.0 Coatings Technology 1.04 8.9 High-Throughput Experimentation 0.72 6.2 Bio-Inspired Polymers 1.20 10.3 Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics 1.12 9.6 Enhance Oil Recovery 0.30 2.6 Corporate Research 1.40 12.0

Sub total 11.63 100

Knowledge Workers Scheme 0.11 Knowledge Transfer 0.53 Organisation and support 1.40 Support to DPI Value Centre 0.47 In-kind contribution 11.73 EU FP7 projects 4.22 Industrial pre-commercial research programme Value Chain 2.45 Solving societal themes and challenges plus 0.18 Geographical outreach

Total expenditure 32.72

16 Key Performance Indicators 2013

Number of industrial partners European governmental funding (% of total funding)

2012 37 2012 3% 2013 38 2013 7%

Number of partner knowledge institutes Participation of foreign knowledge institutes (universities, etc.) as % of total expenditure

2012 36 2012 11% 2013 45 2013 12%

Industrial contribution (cash and in-kind) Overhead costs as % of total income as % of total expenditure

End 2012 50% 2012 4% End 2013 46% 2013 4%

Contribution Ministry of Economic Affairs Expenditure for knowledge transfer as % of total income x EUR million

End 2012 31% 2012 0.49 End 2013 27% 2013 0.53

Number of patents filed by DPI Track record DPI researchers

2012 10 Left in total 45 2013 8 Employed by partner knowledge institute 18 Employed by non-partner knowledge institute 6 Employed by partner industrial company 10 Employed by non-partner industrial company or start-up 8 Number of patents licensed or Unknown 3 transferred to industrial partners and DPI Value Centre

2012 0 Research output 2012 2013 2013 0 Scientific publications 159 170 PhD theses 37 21

Interest shown by industrial partners 5 Interest shown by university partners 2 Interest shown by DPI Value Centre 7

Number of patents to be transferred 0

17 The added value of innovation in polymers

100th Start-up were represented at the project meetings For DPI Value Centre, 2013 was a year of we organized in 2013. Once again, this many high points and many new exciting shows that the SME community recognises challenges going forward. In November we the benefits of working with DPI Value signed a contract with the 100th start-up: Centre. Business people, especially in the we will be supporting the innovation SME segment, are busy and need to spend efforts of Nutripol, a new player in bio­ most of their time with their day-to-day degradable packaging. This collaboration production operations, which are the is yet another example showing that new source of their income. The Value Chain entrepreneurs recognise the added value Projects are enabling them to work of teaming up with DPI Value Centre. We together on challenging innovation pro- are able to fullfill this role by combining jects. This, as the participants themselves our intimate knowledge of the polymer put it, accelerates innovation: “Companies market with our strong connections in the that did not know each other turn out to polymer network and our entrepreneurial form a good match; they share the same approach. The start-ups are happy to priorities and contribute their specific have a sparring partner who knows their expertise to achieve a common goal business and with whom they can discuss within the set period of time. Just the their challenges and concerns. Our aim is right partners, with just the right targets.” to help companies realize their business ambitions in the field of polymers to Expanding collaboration innovate better and faster and thus 2013 was also the year in which DPI Value enhance their chances to be successful Centre formalised its regional approach. in the market. With the support of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, DPI Value Centre has Active SME participation further expanded its activities in the POLYMER INNOVATION DAY 2013 Most of the companies participating in the Netherlands. We team up with three other Business market Value Chain Projects launched recently specialised, independent organisations

18 active in the fields of Processing (ISPT), Bio-Based Economy (BBE) and New Chemical Innovations (NCI). Together we have formed one network to stimulate and support SME’s and entrepreneurs with innovations in the chemical industry inclu- ding materials. The formal launch of this network, called Top Chemie ∆, took place in April 2013. The network collaborates strongly with strategic regional partners such as Centres of Open Chemical Innovation (COCI). In Geleen, Bergen op Zoom and Zwolle, these collaborations will improve interaction with SME’s across the chemical industry. Regional players such as academic innovation labs, business development companies and provincial governments have also been involved. All this is expected to result in the creation of a network of experts that can advise and support entrepreneurs. The added value of the Top Chemie ∆ network, which will supplement the existing Syntens 100thYOUNG START-UP DPI 2012 Innovatiecentra network now forming part DPI Value Centre will continue to work Nutripol of the Chamber of Commerce, is that it along the lines that have proved success­ will bring in specific knowledge, expertise ful so far. We are happy that our regional and valuable contacts from the sector. presence makes us even more accessible to SME’s. This year, we will start collabora- Collaborating on sustainability ting with the Energy Top Sector network in ‘From waste to raw material: closing the the Netherlands, thus gaining access to raw materials chain’. This is the title of a the special expertise and knowledge of study commissioned by the Dutch Ministry that sector. We will continue in our efforts of Infrastructure and the Environment into to enhance our market profile. In this the possibility of setting up an innovation regard, our close cooperation with DPI, and education agenda for the rubber and NRK (the Federation of the Rubber and plastics industry. Issues to be addressed Plastics Industry in the Netherlands) and include matters such as the improvement Modint (Trade association of manufactu- of recyclate quality in order to enable more rers, importers, agents and wholesalers of realistic specifications for the manufacture clothing, fashion accessories, carpet and of plastic products. How can we enable (interior) textiles) is very important. We the reuse of rigid plastic products in high believe that materials play an essential performance applications? How can we role in product development in today’s successfully recycle thermoplastic com- world. We want to enable ambitious posites and rubbers? What viable business entrepreneurs to take part in and benefit models are there for doing this profitably? from the innovation dynamic that charac- And, finally, what will the recycling plant terizes our network. And we know that of the future be like? “This is only a once entrepreneurs have found their way preliminary study,” says project leader to DPI Value Centre, they will come to us Louis Jetten, “we are now preparing for again – and again. the next phase to continue this research”. A large number of plastics and rubber companies as well as knowledge institutes Arie Brouwer participated in the study. Managing Director, DPI Value Centre

19 European project: SEAFRONT

The third European project coordinated CO2 emissions. Finally, the new coatings of AkzoNobel. The project budget amounts by DPI within the Seventh Framework will lead to considerable savings in to 11.2 million Euros including 8 million Programme of the European Commission operational costs by improving the Euros from the European Commission. started in January 2014. The goal of the efficiency of tidal power installations and SEAFRONT (Synergistic Fouling Control reducing the frequency of maintenance Scope Technologies) project is to develop and cleaning in off-shore infrastructure In addition to the development of environ- environmentally friendly coatings which and aquaculture applications. mentally friendly coatings, SEAFRONT prevent the undesirable accumulation of aims to significantly enhance the funda- marine organisms on boats, ships, tidal Project team mental understanding of fouling organisms power plants, fisheries and other aquatic The SEAFRONT project will be implemen- and the mechanisms of settlement and installations. The coatings will be designed ted within the Seventh Framework adhesion. Particular attention will be paid to improve operational efficiency, sub­ Programme (FP7) under the Ocean of to a better understanding of marine bio- stantially reduce CO2 emissions and have Tomorrow call. Five multinationals, seven film or so-called marine slime. This part no negative impact on the marine eco­ SMEs and seven research institutes of the research will be led by Professor system. DPI and AkzoNobel are the main spread across eight EU Member States Tony Clare of Newcastle University (UK), contractors of the EU project. will work together to achieve the goals an internationally renowned marine within the four-year timeframe. DPI is the biologist. The insights gained in these New coatings project coordinator and International Paint studies will enable SEAFRONT to develop The fouling control coatings to be Ltd., a business unit of AkzoNobel and a concepts and technologies for enhanced developed within the project will not leach world leader in the field of fouling control performance, the ultimate goal being a chemical or other harmful substances coatings, will bring any new coatings completely non-fouling surface. that are non-biodegradable in the marine based on technology developed within environment. In addition, the coatings the project to the market. In focusing on More information about this project will reduce the hydrodynamic resistance the delivery of sustainable products and can be found on the website: of ships and boats, decreasing fuel con- solutions, the goals of this project www.seafront-project.eu sumption and thus substantially reducing perfectly match the strategic ambitions

European project: SHINE

SHINE is a Seventh Framework Programme repeatable self-healing (preventive The first dissemination has taken place, project which aims for the development versus curative healing), operable at room in the form of a publication and posters of self-healing elastomers for dynamic temperature and without human inter­ on various conferences, related to the seals and vibration and noise abatement vention. If successful, the impact of the develop­ment of new poly-urethane systems. It will consider the concept on SHINE project will reduce transportation materials with very efficient self-healing the basis of covalent and non-covalent costs by reducing the maintenance burden properties. bonding, which can provide a repeatable of infrastructures. healing response as a result of reversible More information about this project can reactivity. SHINE will investigate both the The consortium consists of two univer­ be found on the website: healing mechanisms of pure elastomers sities, four research centres, five large and composites made of elastomers. companies and one SME. All the partners The methods for the design of these types combine their expertise and competences of elastomer, tailor-made fillers and to develop innovative self-healing elasto- self-healing composites are given in a mers. systematic manner. The SHINE project is intended to develop elastomers with The project has started on 1 February 2013 mechanical properties comparable with a total budged of 6.4 M€, with 4 M€ to conventional ones (with 60% recovery contribution of the EU. The project will end of the initial properties after healing), 31 July 2016.

20 European project: COMPNANOCOMP

The European COMPNANOCOMP project and improved living environment. The Some recent publications from the project: started in October 2011. The aim of the successful outcome of the project will project is to develop multiscale simulation constitute an important advance in the G.G. Vogiatzis and D.N. Theodorou, methodology and software for predicting state of the art and will have immediate “Local Segmental Dynamics and Stresses the morphology (spatial distribution and industrial, economic and environmental in Polystyrene–C60 Mixtures”, state of aggregation of nanoparticles), impact. Macromolecules, 2014, 47, 387−404 thermal (glass temperature), mechanical (viscoelastic storage and loss moduli, The COMPNANOCOMP initiative consists D.V. Guseva, P.V. Komarov and A. V. Lyulin, plasticity, fracture toughness and com- of two collaborative projects being “Molecular-dynamics simulations of thin pression strength), electrical and optical executed by an EU consortium (8 partners) polyisoprene films confined between properties of soft and hard polymer matrix under the Seventh Framework Programme amorphous silica substrates”, nanocomposites from the atomic-level and and a Russian consortium (4 partners) J. Chem. Phys, 2014, 140, 114903 characteristics of their constituent under the auspices of the Federal Russian nanoparticles and macromolecules and government. DPI is acting as the coordi­ More information about COMPNANOCOMP from the processing conditions used in nator of this project and Denka Hristova- project can be found on the website: their preparation. Bogaerds is the Project Leader. www.compnanocomp.eu

The novel ground-breaking modelling The project progresses successfully and methodology should significantly improve is now in its final phase (with end date the reliable design and processability of 30 September 2014). The results generated nanocomposites contributing to the EU within the cooperative project are conti-

Grand Challenges for reduction of CO2 nuously presented at well-known in the emission, energy savings by light-weight field conferences and published in highly high-strength nanocomposites, mobility ranked journals:

Retirement Martien Cohen Stuart - Personal note

As of January 1st, 2014 I am no longer scientific director of DPI; of activities, and has the creativity to find solutions. The DPI as it Prof. Sybrand van der Zwaag is now in charge. Over the past five developed over the past few years has those qualities, and it has years, the world around DPI has changed quite a bit; the econo- been a great pleasure for me to be part of it. Even though saying my had pretty rough times. I joined in 2009, a few months after farewell has a tinge of sadness, I am happy to see that DPI is the fall of Lehman Brothers and the outbreak of the financial cri- alive, that new initiatives are taking shape all the time (such as sis. The market for scientific and technical jobs plunged and DPI the start-up of a new area on biomedical polymers), that the saw a run on its vacant positions for PhD research. DPI also put quality of science meets high standards, and that the polymer out a helping hand to implement an emergency plan of the Dutch industry is very supportive. I therefore wish DPI a healthy future government to prevent massive lay-offs in the industry, the and a key role in the ‘art of connecting’. It simply deserves it! so-called ‘kenniswerkersregeling’. Much to our delight, companies did not dump their DPI participations, and the tidal wave passed Martien Cohen Stuart by without too much damage. It was also clear that DPI had to continuously revisit its working model to remain relevant for public-private collaboration. New ideas hatched within the DPI team; the strategy was revised and the international aspect was emphasized more. This led to agreements with China and Brazil, DPI and all DPI staff would like to thank Martien Cohen Stuart for and to several successful proposals to EU programmes. The his inspirational leadership as DPI’s Scientific Director and for dynamic environment that DPI finds itself in calls for a competent being such a pleasant colleague to work with. We wish him all and flexible team that can easily switch between various kinds the best for a long and healthy retirement!

21 DPI Annual Meeting 2013 embedded in successful three-day event

ways of looking at materials: Professor Leibler from a highly imaginative and origi- The DPI Annual Meeting 2013 was held as nal perspective and Professor Meijer from part of a three-day event that took place at a highly technical and almost formalistic approach. the Papendal conference centre in Arnhem (Netherlands) on 4-6 November. During the Annual Meeting, Prof. Sybrand van der Zwaag, who succeeded Martien Cohen Stuart as Scientific Director of DPI as of 1 January 2014, introduced himself to the DPI community. Jacques Joosten In a departure from the set-up of previous international environment, such as finding gave a presentation highlighting DPI’s years, the organisers had opted for a a common mode of communication in a progress and also touching on the combined programme including the culturally and linguistically diverse group, challenges ahead. At the close of the Annual Meeting, the Young DPI Meeting, building mutual trust and making the Annual Meeting, the Golden Thesis Award the Technology Area review meetings, most of networking opportunities. was presented to Nicole Franssen for her the Programme Committee meetings, the thesis entitled “Functional (Co)polymers meeting of the Council of Participants as Annual Meeting from Carbenes – Scope, Mechanism and well as the DPI Value Centre’s Polymer The Annual Meeting was attended by some Polymer Properties”. Nicole, who did her Innovation Day. 240 people. Chaired by Martien Cohen PhD work at the University of Amsterdam Stuart, Scientific Director of DPI, the under the supervision of Prof. Bas de The Young DPI meeting was attended meeting featured lectures by renowned Bruin, currently works at Shell Global by a record 45 scientists from different guest speakers Professor Ludwik Leibler Solutions in the Netherlands. The jury countries ranging from Germany to of the ESPI ParisTech, who spoke on the unanimously selected Nicole Franssen China and Brazil. Besides sharing some subject of vitrimers, novel organic as the winner from among the three practical information with the parti- materials made of molecular networks candidates nominated for the award. cipants, DPI wanted to give the young with original properties; and Professor The other two candidates were: Jeroen researchers an opportunity to get to know Han Meijer of Eindhoven University of Cottaar, of Eindhoven University of one another in a “fun and learning” setting. Technology, who spoke about “One-step Technology, and Danquing Liu, of the The young scientists thoroughly enjoyed Creation of Hierarchical Fractal Structures same university. the session, which focused on various with Thermoplastic Materials”. The two aspects that play a role in working in an lectures represented two very different The jury found the research work of all three nominees to be of an excellent quality, and their presentations too of a high professional level. In its report, the jury commended the first-prize winner for her excellent work and declared: “We unanimously congratulate Dr. Nicole Franssen for her innovative polymer chemistry, leading to polymers that cannot be made in any other way. The chemistry has been skilfully elaborated and the work also involves advanced structural characterisation.”

GOLDEN THESIS AWARD 2013 Jeroen Cottaar, Danqing Liu, Scientific Director Martien Cohen Stuart, winner of the award Nicole Franssen and the jury: Katja Loos, Ilja Voets and Han Meijer.

22 YOUNG DPI 2012 CERTIFICATES OF INVENTION 2013 The winners of the Certificates of invention including Scientific Director Martien Cohen Stuart and Chairman of the Supervisory Board Herman van Wechem.

Poster Award The Annual Meeting was followed by the conference dinner, a convivial gathering of some 280 people. During the dinner, Professor Martien Cohen Stuart announced the names of the winners of the Poster Award. The First Prize went to Laurens Polgar of the University of Groningen. The second prize was granted to Karel Wilsens of Eindhoven University of Technology and the third to Qingbao Guan of Delft University of Technology.

Polymer Innovation Day The Polymer Innovation Day 2013, held under the auspices of DPI Value Centre and attracting over 300 people, centred on the theme “How Can Polymers Work for You?”. The meeting targeted SMEs, start-ups and multinationals and aimed to promote collaboration among these players on innovation in the field of polymers. YOUNG DPI 2012 YOUNG DPI 2013 Participants were offered an extensive, full-day programme of presentations and discussionson three very topical subjects: bio-based materials, the of the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical so many new initiatives by new players circular economy and so-called superior Technology. In this lecture, Prof. Diemert entering the field, often via niches they materials. Speakers from both established gave an overview of European research have discovered. That’s exactly our aim: and new companies in each of these three in the polymer industry, covering some to offer our participants the opportunity to clusters were invited to tell about their examples of successful projects in the discover new possibilities for partnerships recent innovations and business. past, the way they were established, how and to gain insights into new develop- For most of them DPI Value Centre had they have contributed to innovation and ments in science and innovation. We will played a valuable role in supporting their how pitfalls can be avoided. He also spoke continue to serve our lively community innovation projects or their new business. about the so-called Horizon 2020 funding and make every effort to ensure that the In order to ensure that the focus throug- programme of the European Union and the Polymer Innovation Day remains a valuable hout the day remained on the content, chances and challenges it presents to the happening.” cases or challenges were highlighted in plastics industry. short, to-the-point presentations and the audience were invited to help find It was clear from the animated discus- solutions. To enable broader discussions sions that took place during the breaks and one-on-one exchanges with the and the lively interactions at the business speakers, a business market was set market that the Polymer Innovation Day up where people could meet and build was a great success. Arie Brouwer, director networks. of DPI Value Centre: “Many participants told me enthusiastically how they were The day’s programme included a keynote able to establish new, often unpredictable lecture entitled “Polymer Research in or even unimaginable, contacts. It is thePOSTER European PRIZE Context: 2012 Horizon 2020 – surprising to see again and again that a chancePoster prize or a challenge winner Anke for Teichlerthe European there is always scope for making new plastics industry?” by Prof. Jan Diemert valuable connections and that there are

23 Research for mass production Workshop ‘From Processing to Performance’, 24 January 2013

the curing process?” In the second project the effect of adding silica particles to a Fifteen years ago, when DPI was launched, coatings system to improve the mechanical researchers were mainly involved in the properties is being investigated. Measure- ments of the gloss, the scratch resistance, chemistry of polymers. At that time, the most the indentation and the E-modulus depen- important issue was: How to make polymers dent on the weight percentage of the added particles result in the hypo­thesis with the desired properties? Now that more and that the interaction between the particles more working lab prototypes of applica­tions in the matrix might play a role. DPI could perhaps help by suggesting methods to are being realized, attention also has to be determine both the mechanical properties paid to the processing of the polymers – on a micro-scale close to the particles and the gradients in polymer density. “We have preferably in a way that allows scaling up all kinds of methods to describe the macro­ for mass production. This was the subject of scopic behaviour of our coating system, but simply lack the microscopic insight to DPI’s annual cross technology area workshop make a good model that would help us to in 2013. predict effects in coatings,” is how Nolte summarizes the needs of his company. In the discussion immediately after the presentation already a few useful sugges- tions (XPS, AFM) came up. Inkjet printing very relevant when inkjet printers are used The first speaker to address this subject for printing polymer layers, for instance in Spin coating was Professor Detlef Lohse of the Physics OLEDS. Polymer solutions have properties Next Dr. Jasper Michels from the Holst of Fluids group of the University of Twente, that are not so well known as those of ink Centre discussed his research on the the Netherlands. His research group is and are not easy to measure, so a method spin-coating process used to make solar trying to unravel how air bubbles in to prevent such problems from occurring cells on a lab scale in all its details in piëzo-driven inkjet printers disturb the is vital. order to be able to translate this into real printing behaviour and how these can be production processes such as roll-to-roll prevented from occurring. He showed how, Coatings slot coating or inkjet printing. In solar cells with the help of the acoustical signal that The next speaker, Dr. Ulrich Nolte of the the morphology is the key performance the piëzo-electric device generates and a coatings company Altana, discussed two parameter – the size of the interface model of the acoustical channel, the size of his current research projects. Surface- between the donor and acceptor domains and the position of the bubbles can be active additives are used to improve determines the amount of charge carriers determined. Apparently they arise at an coatings; they increase the pigment to be generated. It is therefore important active nozzle when a thin film of ink on the stability, avoid foam bubbles and improve to control that morphology and to be printer head interacts with the droplet, the levelling of the coating. Polysiloxane able to predict the device characteristics or in places where dust particles affect modified with polyethylene oxide in the once you know which morphology you the surface tension of the fluid. Lohse: same proportion but in different architec- have made. In processing from solution, “A coating on the nozzle surface may tures – linear chains, AB or ABA, or both crystallization and de-mixing of the prevent the formation of air bubbles.” comb-like structures – results in changes two components – donor and acceptor Another aspect that is being investigated in surface tension and in sliding force material – play a role. Michels concludes: is how to break up air bubbles once they along the surface. The hypothesis is that “There is not really a good method for have formed so that normal operation can the polysiloxane prefers the surface of the monitoring what is happening in situ in the resume and the printer does not have to coating while the polyethylene is probably spin coating process, but I am glad to see be stopped and restarted. The answer is to found in deeper layers. Nolte hopes to find that initiatives in that direction are being apply an external acoustical signal. Finally, – in cooperation with DPI – a method to taken at DPI.” Lohse discussed the impact of the droplet test this hypothesis. The question Nolte on a surface; at some velocities it bounces would like answered is: “Which scientific Overview back and does not wet the surface in the measuring methods can help us to under- Prof. Anton Darhuber of the Physics desired way. These results are of course stand what happens at the surface during Department of the Eindhoven University

24 of Technology gave an interesting over- Nucleation the frequency of stirring when making the view of solution processing of organic Marcus Gahleither from Borealis, initially dispersion have an influence on the end electronic materials. Spin coating is an a producer of polyolefins, talked about result. inexpensive method resulting in layers of how polypropylene is produced in his uniform thickness but unfortunately it is company. Polypropylene can, depending Vitrimers a slow batch process, incompatible with a on the processing conditions, be produ- The final speaker was Professor Ludwik roll-to-roll continuous process. Besides, ced in at least three different crystalline Leibler of the Ecole Supérieure de Physique it also involves a great deal of wastage of phases, called ,  and  modifications, et Chimique Industrielle (ESPCI). He gave a material. Possible alternatives are slot-die for high impact strength, high stiffness presentation about a new class of poly- coating (roll width 4 m, speed 10 m/s), ink and good transparency, respectively. If mers, which he and his co-workers call jet printing (roll width 5 m, speed 3.3 m/s), these are produced from solutions, nuclei vitrimers, with properties in between those and dip-coating. In this latter method in a well-defined dispersion are needed. of thermoplastic and thermoset materials. the surface is patterned with hydrophilic For different applications mixtures of Permanently cross-linked polymers have and hydrophobic materials and the liquid these modifications can be produced good mechanical properties and are sticks to the hydrophilic parts. A problem by combining different reactors or by insoluble once processed, but they cannot that arises are satellite droplets. Darhuber: producing the polypropylene with distinct be reshaped. Non-cross linked polymers “These can be avoided by orienting the peaks in the molecular weight distribution, and polymers with reversible cross-links structures to be patterned in such a way as a result of which crystallization takes are processable but soluble. The new that the last part of the object is taken place in these three phases. Temperature polymers, vitrimers, are both processable out of the liquid at a sharp angle.” In inkjet variations during processing and cooling- and insoluble and can be processed printing, striations in lines occur if the down have an influence on the end-result. locally: complex shapes can be made by droplets are not close enough; line spacing Gahleither: “An important application is forging and welding, without the need for has an optimum at about 200 μm, at smal- the replacement of old concrete sewage using moulds. The number of crosslinking ler spacings, one begins to see overlap. pipes by polypropylene ones. The latter bonds remains constant but the topology Uniformity of the line over its width and can withstand earthquakes for instance of the networks changes. Leibler: “The key the levelling time can be influenced by and their stiffness – and other properties is to design the chemistry so that at high adding surfactants and by controlling – can be adapted, also by changing the temperature, exchange reactions enable the drying process actively (to avoid the percentage of different modifications, to stress relaxation and malleability, and coffee stain effect) by a non-contact and the needs of the soil in which they will be upon cooling, the exchanges become so material-independent process with an used. On top of that polypropylene pipes slow that the topology of the network is infra-red laser and a multi-mirror device. do not lose waste water; in concrete pipes essentially fixed and the system behaves Mirrors can be moved individually, so an IR sometimes up to 30% of the sewage water like a (stable) soft solid.” Objects made of pattern can be projected on the 2 by 2 cm can escape.” Another interesting applica- such polymers can be grinded, melted and sample to be dried. tion is the replacement of polycarbonate reused for new products with the same baby bottles containing toxic bisphenol A quality, very much like ordinary silicate Melt flows by bottles made from  polypropylene. glass, but at much lower temperatures. In his lecture Professor Han Meijer of the In the discussion that followed vitrimers Mechanical Engineering Department of Composites were seen as versatile materials because the Eindhoven University of Technology Professor Theo Dingemans of the depart- of these possibilities of recycling and explained how by splitting and combining ment Novel Aerospace Materials of Delft reparability. Whether complete regenera- polymer melt flows by simple mechanical University of Technology studies com- tion after fatigue damage is possible means – valves, flow splitters, coun- posite materials. In aerospace materials remains to be seen - an aspect that has ter- and co-rotating elements – layered research, the quest is always for lighter not yet been studied. structures can be made. Layers can be materials with good thermal and made both parallel and perpendicular mechanical properties. Polymer resins In some of the methods discussed, solu­ to a substrate surface, and even treelike with nanotube fillers are materials that tions of polymers are used. The kind of structures with ‘branches’ and ‘leaves’ can are presently used in such applications. solvent used, the deposition and the drying be made. Films can be made as thin as Commodity polymers have the dis­ method all appear to have an influence on 20 nm by stretching them after deposition. advantage that their quality is difficult to the ultimate function the polymer has to Applications that Meijer has in mind are control. Dingemans and his researchers perform. In other methods, melts of poly- photovoltaic cells and membranes for therefore looked at high performance mers are used and here too the properties fuel cells. Meijer concludes: “Controlled polymers, such as polyetherimides, of the polymers depend on the way the organisation by mechanical means beats combined with carbon nanotubes. They devices are produced from the melts by self-organisation by chemical means.” In found that making the dispersions of the mechanical means. The main conclusion: this setting with many chemically oriented carbon nanotubes is precision work. These designing polymers with desired functio- researchers, this is a challenging thing polymers are often initially amorphous nalities is not enough, the processing has to contend and it indeed gave rise to a but adding small amounts of carbon to be taken into account as well. The discussion during which Meijer resolutely nanotubes can induce crystallinity and 80 participants in the workshop learned rejected all processes in which solvents thus enormously improve the thermal from one another’s experience in this field. were to be used. and mechanical properties of the films. At the end of the day, that is exactly why Surprisingly, even the form of the flask and DPI organizes these workshops.

25 POLYOLEFINS FACTS AND FIGURES

Polyolefins (PO) are the only class of synthetic macromolecules that can be Partners from industry produced catalytically with precise control of stereochemistry and, to a large extent, • Borealis of (co)monomer sequence distribution. Therefore, as with the letters of the alphabet, • Braskem the number of constituent elements which can be assembled into meaningfully • Dow Benelux organised structures is practically infinite and, accordingly, scope of application of • DSM polyolefins is continually growing. • ExxonMobil • ITRI • Lanxess Elastomers • LyondellBasell OBJECTIVES • Petrobras • Sabic Polyolefin-based materials can be customised for a wide range of applications: from • SCG Chemicals ultra-rigid thermoplastics to high-performance elastomers. This vast spectrum of • Sinopec performance is achieved by a variety of polyolefin molecular structures, whose common • Symyx features are full atom economy in their synthesis, low cost, excellent properties, a long • Teijin Aramid life cycle and ease of recycling. The research programme of the Polyolefins technology • Ticona area encompasses the entire spectrum of the knowledge chain, the aim being to increase • Freeslate proficiency in the ever-expanding applications. Although polyolefins represent one of the oldest (if not the oldest) thermoplastic polymer families, they are still very much Partners from the research world characterised by continuous innovation. Both gradual and step change technology • Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale renewal yield new applications and reduce the manufacturing- and user eco-footprint. per la Scienza e Technologia die The recent discovery of chain shuttling catalyst systems that enable the industrial Materiali (INSTM) production of polyolefin block (co)polymers with unprecedented structures, usable • Eindhoven University of Technology for a wide range of applications (from thermoplastic elastomers to optically active • ESPCE-Lyon materials) is yet another illustration of this innovative capacity. • Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF • Japan Advanced Institute of Science SUB-PROGRAMMES and Technology • Johann Kepler University Linz Catalysis • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Investigating, screening and developing (novel) homogeneous and heterogeneous • Loughborough University catalyst systems, as well as new approaches for the immobilisation of molecular • Martin-Luther University of catalysts, new co-catalysts and activators. Halle-Wittenberg • National Council for Scientific and Polymer structure, properties and processing Technological Development (CNPq) Understanding, modelling and predicting structure-processing property relationships • Polymer Technology Group Eindhoven in polyolefin-based polymer systems. • Queens University • Radboud University Nijmegen Polymer reactor engineering • UFRGS Universidade Federal do Rio Studying various reactor and technology unit operations to develop a quantitative Grande do Sul description and acquire a thorough understanding of the crucial aspects of olefin • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro polymerisation processes. • University of Amsterdam • University of Antwerp New methods and exploratory research • University of Erlangen New polymerisation and polymer characterisation methods, high-throughput screening • University of Manitoba and experimentation, embryonic research and concept development. • University of Naples Federico II • University of Ottawa • University of Perugia • University of Salerno Budget and organisation Publications and inventions • University of Turin Expenditure in 2013 totalled € 2.69 million This technology area generated a total of • University of Udine (budget: € 3.00 million). A total of k€ 6 was 21 reviewed papers and four theses. spent on equipment. The total number of For details, see page 36. FTEs allocated at year-end 2013 was 29.8 (51 researchers). Prof.dr. Vincenzo Busico acted as Scientific Chairman and Dr. Jan Stamhuis as Programme Area Coordinator of the Polyolefins programme.

26 PERFORMANCE POLYMERS FACTS AND FIGURES

Performance Polymers (PP) have considerable potential to contribute to reducing Partners from industry energy use, environmental impact and the effects of climate change through • AkzoNobel component consolidation, weight reduction, lifetime extension, recyclability and • BASF utilisation of renewable feedstock and create new opportunities for the construction, • Bayer transport, appliances and electronics industries. • Bekaert • DSM • Sabic • SKF OBJECTIVES • Teijin Aramid

The Performance Polymers (PP) technology area combines Engineering Polymers Partners from the research world and Rubber Technologies and is positioned between bulk plastics and specialty • CNRS Strasbourg polymers such as functional polymer systems. Performance polymers possess • Delft University of Technology improved chemical, mechanical and physical properties, especially beyond ambient • DWI an der RWTH Aachen conditions. They are applied as material systems under (cyclic or continuous) load- • Eindhoven University of Technology bearing conditions and frequently consist of multi-component mixtures with various • Fraunhofer Institute for Structural polymers, reinforcements and additives. Durability and System Reliability LBF • National Technical University of Athens The performance requirements of complex parts and assemblies in polymer materials • University of Goningen necessitate close technological cooperation between polymer supplier, converter and • University of Twente end user. That in turn calls for a thorough understanding of polymerisation and polymer modification, as well as the processing, properties and design of polymer systems. Budget and organisation Moreover, the wide variety of base polymers in this technology area demands a special Expenditure in 2013 totalled € 1.49 million effort to identify commonality in those themes along the value chain. This is reflected (budget: € 2.03 million). A total of k€ 60 in the strategy and objectives of the Performance Polymers technology area, which was spent on equipment. The total number include investigation of fundamental issues in the value chain using a ‘chain of know- of FTEs allocated at year-end 2013 was ledge’ approach in terms of energy saving, durability, ultimate performance and 13.9 (20 researchers). Prof.dr. Costantino sustainability. Creton acted as Scientific Chairman and Ronald Korstanje acted as Programme Area Coordinator of the Performance SUB-PROGRAMMES Polymers programme.

Polymer and network chemistry and modification Publications and inventions Studies aimed at expanding the use of bio-based materials, by identifying their unique This Technology Area generated a total properties and reducing their eco-footprint. Further studies are designed to reduce the of 28 reviewed papers and four theses; costs and energy use in polymerisation. Other objectives are network formation and two inventions were reported and two the development of new concepts for monomer polymer molecular structure to achieve patent applications were filed. gradual changes in the balance of flow properties, static and dynamic mechanical behaviour and other functional properties. Detailed information on page 37.

Processing for properties, polymer physics and modelling Understanding the relationship between the molecular structure, processing and properties of polymers. Studies of the processing effects of intermolecular interactions, e.g. hydrogen bonding. Processing, modification and vulcanisation studies of elastomer blends. Studies of complex flow behaviour, e.g. in particle reinforced visco-elastic materials.

Advanced reinforced thermoplastics and synthetic fibres Studies of the interface effects in fibre-reinforced composite systems, the effects of nano-reinforcement on polymer material properties on macroscopic and microscopic scale with a focus on the effects at the matrix-filler interface, friction and wear studies of fibre-reinforced thermoplastics and elastomers.

Long term stability and performance Investigation of the chemical and physical ageing mechanisms and their interaction, with the ultimate objective of predicting lifetime and attaining a fit-for-purpose design over the entire lifecycle. Studies of self-healing in polymeric materials as paradigm shift to realise improved fit-for purpose lifetimes.

27 FUNCTIONAL POLYMER SYSTEMS

The Functional Polymer Systems (FPS) Technology Area performs research on polymers, small organic molecules and their prototype devices that are capable of an electrical, optical, magnetic, ionic or photo-responsive function and that offer potential for industrial application.

OBJECTIVES FACTS AND FIGURES

The FPS research programme is structured along application lines in the following Partners from industry sub-programmes: polymer lighting and field-effect transistors; polymers for informa- • BASF tion and communication technology; solar cells (photovoltaics); and responsive • DSM materials, (bio)sensors and actuators. • ECN • Industrial Technology Research Institute Taiwan SUB-PROGRAMMES • Philips • Rolic Technologies Polymers for information and communication technology • Sabic The objective of this sub-programme is to develop scalable techniques for structuring • Solvay polymers on a nano- and micro-scale by combining ‘top-down’ approaches with • TNO ‘bottom-up’ techniques based on self-assembly or supramolecular chemistry in order to produce new or greatly enhanced properties for optical, electrical, biomedical Partners from the research world and sensor applications. Research projects are focusing on IR-reflective windows, • Delft University of Technology membranes with controlled pore-size and responsive surfaces making use of the • ECN available patterning tools. • Eindhoven University of Technology • Imperial College London Photovoltaics (PV) • Nanoforce Technology This area is dedicated to exploring new materials and gaining a fundamental under­ • University of Groningen standing of all (photo-) physical processes occurring in polymer and small organic molecule bulk heterojunction PV. Organic PV is one of many promising PV technologies Budget and organisation offering the prospect of large area cost-effective PV for sustainable energy production Expenditure in 2013 totalled € 1.40 million in the long term. The research focuses on novel low-bandgap materials, hybrid (inorganic- (budget: € 1.59 million). A total of k€ 5 was organic) blends, stable materials under ambient conditions, non-radiative decay spent on equipment. The total number of processes, efficient charge separation, morphology control, tandem solar cells and a FTEs allocated at year-end 2013 was 12.1 thorough understanding of materials behaviour under operational device conditions. (27 researchers). Prof.dr. Frans de Schryver acted as Scientific Chairman and Dr. John Responsive materials and functional membranes van Haare as Programme Area Coordinator. The purpose of the research is to develop new materials and processes that result in a change of shape and/or large displacement upon an external electrical, magnetic, Publications and inventions optical and/or chemical trigger. Research projects focus on new piezo-electronic The research programme in this materials, membranes with controlled nano-pores, switichable surfaces and Technology Area generated a total of antireflective coatings. 18 reviewed papers and five theses. Three inventions were reported and one patent application was filed.

For details, see page 39.

28 COATINGS TECHNOLOGY

Within the Coatings Technology (CT) area frontier research in the general field of organic coatings is performed. The aim is to develop fundamental insights that will lead to innovative coatings technologies, The research is pre-competitive and is focussed at achieving sustainability, quality of life improvements, economic growth and preparing the coatings industry for future challenges.

OBJECTIVES FACTS AND FIGURES

The research programme for Coatings Technology (CT) concentrates on exploring Partners from industry novel coating materials and technologies and acquiring fundamental insights into the • AkzoNobel structure-properties relationships of coatings to enable the coatings industry to meet • Altana future challenges. The research programme is based on three pillars: renewable raw • DSM materials and novel, environmentally friendly coating technologies; functional (smart) • Lawter coatings; durability and testing of coatings. • Saint-Gobain

Partners from the research world SUB-PROGRAMMES • Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Renewable raw materials, formulation and powder coatings • Eindhoven University of Technology There are currently three projects underway to study the feasibility of applying • University of Haute-Alsace sustainable, renewable resources in coatings technology without compromising the • Wageningen University properties of the final coating (film). The programme focuses on bio-based building blocks and raw materials as substitutes for materials derived from petrochemistry and Budget and organisation their use in novel coating technologies. Systems being studied include polycarbonate Expenditure in 2013 totalled € 1.04 million powder coatings or waterborne polyurethane dispersions, as well as starch-based (budget: € 1.11 million). A total of € 128k performance coating materials. The results are promising in that coatings have already was spent on equipment. The total number been obtained which match and/or improve on the properties of purely synthetic of FTEs allocated at year-end 2013 coatings. was 13.5 (17 researchers). Prof. Claus Eisenbach acted as Scientific Chairman Functional (smart) coatings and Dr. Mercedes Crego Calama as ‘Smart coatings’ are capable of responding to an external stimulus, such as light, Programme Area Coordinator of the temperature, pressure, pH, odours or gas. The stimulus causes a change in the coating’s Coatings Technology programme. properties which may be permanent or reversible. Coatings with self-healing properties in response to mechanical damage or with light- or moisture-induced self-cleaning Publications and inventions properties are of particular interest and have already been studied. Research on The research programme in this Technology protective coatings that can adapt to their environment and/or conditions under which Area generated a total of five reviewed they are used is at the embryonic stage, but such systems, as well as tailored coatings papers, one thesis and one invention was for medical diagnostics (e.g. test strips) and implants, seem feasible in the future. reported. The same applies for coatings with special optoelectronic and electronic properties that could be used in electronic devices and information technology. For details, see page 40.

Durability and testing of coatings The aim is to gain a fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanisms of coatings used in outdoor exposure to enhance durability. Another objective of this sub-programme is to develop new testing methods for coatings, e.g. methods for testing adhesion, gloss or scratch resistance, which correlate to meaningful physical parameters. Last but not least, DPI collaborates intensively with the Materials Innovation Institute’s ‘Materials to Innovate’ (M2i) programme in the study of anti- corrosion coatings.

29 HIGH-THROUGHPUT EXPERIMENTATION

High-Throughput Experimentation (HTE) and combinatorial materials research open the way to the rapid construction of libraries of polymers, blends and materials through systematic variation of composition. Detailed characterisation of such libraries will help to develop an in-depth understanding of structure property relationships.

OBJECTIVES FACTS AND FIGURES

In the long term, it is envisioned that ‘materials informatics’ will facilitate the design Partners from industry and preparation of customised materials and devices with predetermined properties • Chemspeed based on previously established structure-property relationships. DPI’s unique • Evonik combination of leading industrial and academic partners provides an excellent basis • Forschungsgesellschaft Kunststoffe for successful output. It also guarantees early pre-competitive evaluation of the new • Michelin (platform) technologies and their rapid transfer into the commercial R&D programmes • Microdrop Technologies of the industrial partners. Partners from the research world • Fraunhofer Institute for Structural SUB-PROGRAMMES Durability and System Reliability LBF • Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena Synthesis, catalysis & formulation • Radboud University Besides fundamental research on the use of microwave irradiation, studies are con­ducted into the feasibility of scaling up microwave assisted polymerisation proce- Budget and organisation dures. The synthesis efforts have been intensified in the direction of water-soluble Expenditure in 2013 totalled €0.72 million polymers. In addition to fast synthesis and formulation platforms, other subjects being (budget: € 0.65 million). The total number investi­gated include the incorporation of high-throughput screening techniques for of FTEs allocated at year-end 2013 was molar mass, polymerisation kinetics and thermal and surface properties. 7.1 (13 researchers). Prof.dr. Ulrich Schubert acted as Scientific Chairman and Thin-film library preparation & screening Dr. Mercedes Crego Calama as Programme This sub-programme focuses on gaining a detailed understanding of thin-film Area Coordinator. preparation technologies, the application of these technologies and the screening of thin-film material properties with automated atomic force microscopy and nano Publications and inventions indentation technologies. Areas of application include the processing of light emitting This Technology Area generated a total materials, surface patterning, cell screening and the preparation of conductive tracks of 47 reviewed papers. Three inventions on polymeric substrates. were reported and one patent application was filed. Combinatorial compounding The objective is to develop a process to accelerate the preparation, characterisation For details, see page 41. and optimisation of plastic formulations. The combinatorial extrusion line used for this purpose has been equipped with in-line and on-line screening techniques (e.g. IR, UV/Vis, rheometry, ultrasonic spectroscopy) as well as systems for data acquisition, analysis and visualisation.

Materials informatics & modelling This programme concerns data handling, database construction and the build-up of integrated knowledge capture systems for combinatorial materials and polymer research as well as experimental design, hard and soft modelling tools and tools for deriving quantitative structure-property relationships. A model is being developed for the screening of MALDI matrices to facilitate faster screening of molar mass.

Characterisation techniques This sub-cluster is engaged in the development of detailed characterisation methods. An important aspect of the research is the combination of different measurement techniques to characterise multiphase or multi-component materials at macro, micro and nano scale. Another focal point is the analysis of branched polymers by means of two-dimensional liquid chromatography. Tools and models for nano scale characteri- sation of interfaces using AFM technology are also being developed.

30 BIO-INSPIRED POLYMERS

Within the Bio-Inspired Polymers (BIP) programme, the main driver for the development of future materials is sustainability, with nature being regarded as an important source of inspiration for finding new leads and possibilities.

OBJECTIVES FACTS AND FIGURES

The aim of the Bio-Inspired Polymers (BIP) programme is to develop advanced polymeric Partners from industry materials and methodologies for new and existing applications. The development of • Food and Biobased Research, these materials is inspired by natural polymeric structures and principles of natural Wageningen UR systems such as self-assembly and bio-catalysis. • FrieslandCampina • Petrobras Bio-Inspired Polymers can be produced from renewable or fossil resources through • Sabic either chemocatalysis or enzymatic/microbial catalysis. The structure-property • Teijin Aramid relationships of the novel materials are studied to elucidate why they exhibit unique properties. One important line of research is intended to develop a generic toolbox for Partners from the research world new bio-based polymers with a view to creating new business opportunities. Aspects • Eindhoven University of Technology addressed by a bio-based polymer programme include the identification of new or • Food and Biobased Research, improved (multi-)functionalities of bio-based building blocks and polymers and the Wageningen UR assessment of relevant technologies in the bio-based value chain. • Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena • National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) • Tsinghua University • Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Budget and organisation Expenditure in 2013 totalled € 1.20 million (budget: € 1.22 million). A total of € 41k was spent on equipment. The total number of FTEs allocated at year-end 2013 was 8.8 (19 researchers). Prof.dr. Gerrit Eggink acted as Scientific Chairman and Dr. Peter Nossin as Programme Area Coordinator of the Bio-Inspired Polymers Technology Area.

Publications and inventions The research programme in this Technology Area generated a total of ten reviewed papers and two theses. Four inventions were reported and three patent appli­ cations were filed.

For details, see page 43.

31 LARGE-AREA THIN-FILM ELECTRONICS

Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics (LATFE) is the step in the value chain devoted to studying fundamental issues related to processing for large-area deposition and disruptive architectures for large-area organic electronic devices. Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics is an excellent example of a highly interdisciplinary research area, extending from chemistry and physics to engineering.

OBJECTIVES FACTS AND FIGURES

Whereas Functional Polymer Systems (FPS) focuses on materials development and Partners from industry initial device performance, Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics (LATFE) is the obvious • DSM next step in the value chain. The fundamental knowledge generated should facilitate • Philips the reliable production and operation of organic electronic devices. • Solvay • TNO

SUB-PROGRAMMES Partners from the research world • Eindhoven University of Technology Large-area material deposition using solution processing • Imperial College London The objective is to study fundamental issues of large-area polymer and small- • Max Planck Institute für molecule material deposition using roll-to-roll solution processing (gravure, flexo, Polymerforschung screen, slot-die) to make the transition from lab scale to industrial scale for reliably • University of Algarve processed devices. For patterning of structures inkjet printing is explored. Although • University of Groningen lab-scale devices have superb performance, we lack the industrial processes and the • University of Twente fundamental knowledge about large-area material deposition from solution and patter- • University of Wuppertal ning needed to choose the right deposition method per layer for mass production. Budget and organisation Disruptive device architectures Expenditure in 2013 totalled € 1.12 million The purpose of this research is to develop disruptive device architectures for more (budget: € 1.37 million). A total of € 10k reliable and easier production and to understand the failure mechanisms occurring was spent on equipment. The total number in industrially produced devices. Current device architectures require very thin films of FTEs allocated at year-end 2013 was (~ 100 nm) with less than 2% thickness deviation, which imposes very strict demands 12.1 (16 researchers). Prof.dr. Frans de on the processing and production of devices. At the moment, this results in poor yields, Schryver acted as Scientific Chairman and high costs and many uncomprehended failures. There is an urgent need for new device Dr. John van Haare as Programme Area architectures that allow more robust processing and production and improve yield Coordinator. without affecting device performance (efficacy, homogeneity of light output). Publications and inventions This Technology Area generated a total of six reviewed papers and one thesis. Three inventions were reported and one patent application was filed.

For details, see page 44.

32 POLYMERS FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery represent an important application of water- soluble polymers. With the increasing complexity of oil recovery from existing and new reservoirs, this technology could contribute significantly to more efficient recovery of the world’s energy resources. Originally a sub-programme in the Emerging Technologies (EMT) technology area, DPI has now created a new, separate technology area for polymers for enhanced oil recovery.

OBJECTIVES FACTS AND FIGURES

Although the underlying mechanisms may be similar for a range of applications of Partners from industry water-soluble polymers, this specific application warrants the establishment of a • Shell specific programme focusing on the structure-property relationships of polymers in • SNF solutions and their behaviour in the reservoir. Partners from the research world • Delft University of Technology SUB-PROGRAMMES • University of Groningen

Structure–property relationships and the design of new model macromolecules Budget and organisation Controlled radical polymerisation techniques will be employed to investigate the effects Expenditure in 2013 totalled € 0.30 million of macromolecular topology, for example branching, on polymer solution properties and (budget: € 0.37 million). The total number on viscosity and/or visco-elasticity. These novel structures are evaluated in core flow of FTEs allocated at year-end 2013 was experiments to determine their injectivity and impact on the recovery of oil in porous 3.9 (5 researchers). Prof.dr. Martien Cohen media. The effects of polymeric surfactants, i.e. high molecular weight amphiphilic Stuart acted as Scientific Chairman and structures that have the potential to decrease the interfacial tension and enhance oil Dr. Jan Stamhuis as Programme Area recovery compared with that obtained with the current polymer flooding applications, Coordinator of the Polymer of the are also being investigated. Enhanced Oil Recovery programme

Relating polymer rheology to apparent viscosity in porous media Publications and inventions The objective of this sub-programme is to develop reliable models to predict the rela- This Technology Area generated a total of tionship of polymer-apparent viscosity in porous media to porous-medium properties, four reviewed papers and one thesis. bulk rheological parameters and superficial velocity in the medium and establish the relationship with enhanced oil recovery. For details, see page 44.

33 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: ADVANCED COMPOSITES

The aim of the Emerging Technologies (EMT) Technology Area is to promote the exploration investigation of new ideas from industry concerning new technologies that do not fit into any of the existing technology areas. When a company approaches DPI with a proposal for a project on a new topic, DPI will find an academic partner to carry out the research.

OBJECTIVES FACTS AND FIGURES

Projects in the Emerging Technologies technology area are handled like any other Partners from industry DPI projects. However, after two years a decision is made on whether the project will • DPI partners be extended for another two years, by which time at least one other industrial party, in • M2i partners addition to the industrial party that initiated the project, must be willing to participate. The project can then be absorbed into another technology area. As in the case of Partners from the research world projects in the Corporate Research technology area, the intellectual property (IP) • Delft University of Technology generated in the first two years is owned by all of DPI’s partners. If a project is continued after two years, the IP is treated in the same way as in other technology Organisation areas. In 2012, Water-Soluble Polymers, Smart Packaging and Advanced Composites Prof.dr. Martien Cohen Stuart acted as were selected as the focus areas for Emerging Technologies. Potential projects in these Scientific Chairman and Dr. Jan Stamhuis areas are currently being discussed with industry. However, other opportunities are as Programme Area Coordinator of the emerging that would promote DPI’s mission of studying and developing new sustainable Emerging Technologies programme. polymer technologies in cooperation with industry and academia. Publications and inventions This Technology Area has generated no SUB-PROGRAMMES output in 2013.

In 2012, on-going projects involving water-soluble polymers to be used for enhanced oil For details, see page 44. recovery (EOR) were transferred to a new technology area, Polymers for EOR (page 65). A new project to investigate High Performance Matrices for Advanced Composites was launched in 2012. This project, which is being carried out in association with Delft University of Technology, is part of a new collaboration with the Dutch materials programme, M2i. In this joint programme, DPI is studying base materials, for example matrix and fibres, whilst M2i is investigating the design and properties of composites. Interface studies and processing/composite manufacturing are a joint focus area.

34 CORPORATE RESEARCH

The role of the Corporate Research programme is to initiate and support enabling science and conceptual new science that is of interest to all of the partners in DPI be- cause of its long-term potential impact.

OBJECTIVES

This programme is primarily science-driven, based on a vision of future industrial needs FACTS AND FIGURES and opportunities. It operates at the forefront of scientific knowledge and capabilities in the field of polymer science. The programme activities are arranged in several Partners from industry sub-clusters. • All DPI partners take part in Corporate Research

SUB-PROGRAMMES Partners from Academia • Delft University of Technology Enabling science • Eindhoven University of Technology • Polymer characterisation (surfaces and interfaces (applying mainly microscopic • ESRF, Grenoble techniques), molecular characterisation (SEC techniques on cross-linked • Foundation for fundamental research on architectures and networks, for example, and analysis of molar mass distribution)). matter (FOM) • Structure vs. performance: multiscale modelling, fluid dynamics (rheology) and • Radboud University solid-state properties (bulk materials and surface properties). • TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN) • University of Groningen New science • University of Twente Development of new concepts in polymer chemistry and polymer physics with a view to • Wageningen University meeting long-term requirements in terms of sustainability, durability and bio-related polymer systems. Budget and organisation Expenditure in 2013 totalled € 1.40 million Infrastructure (budget: € 1.40 million). The total number Corporate Research also strengthens the research infrastructure by investing in of FTEs allocated at year-end 2013 was equipment for the benefit of the entire DPI community. 16.1 (17 researchers). Prof.dr. Martien Cohen Stuart acted as Scientific Chairman DPI fellowship programme and Dr. Monique Bruining as Programme Under this programme, talented young researchers with a tenured or tenure-track Area Coordinator of the Corporate position at a Dutch university can be appointed as a ‘DPI fellow’. The aim of the Research programme. programme is to secure their commitment to the Dutch polymer science community and give them the opportunity to attain scientific leadership qualities in an area Publications and inventions matching DPI’s current or future strategy. This research programme generated a total of 37 reviewed papers, four theses Bio-Related Materials (BRM) programme and one invention was reported. In association with FOM and TIFN, DPI has established an Industrial Partnership Programme on biomaterials and bio-related materials. The aim of the programme For details, see page 44. is to understand how to move from the scale of complexes and aggregates to the mesoscopic scale, taking account of both the time dependent interactions and structures in their chemical detail and the resulting dynamic and spatially varying mesoscale physical properties.

Understanding the visco-elasticity of elastomer-based nanocomposites (VEC) programme Filled rubbers are widely used in industry. Adding silica particles to a polymer matrix increases the mechanical properties of the material but causes various non-linear effects, notably a dramatic decline in elasticity under high strain (the Payne effect). This effect is still not understood very well. During this project systematic experiments will be conducted with rubbers of varying compositions. On the macroscopic scale, we are performing rheological measurements and combining them with microscopic characterisations in order to link behaviour on a macroscopic scale with the micro- structure of the sample.

35 Output 2013

POLYOLEFINS #712: Elucidation and control of the active Theses surface structure and chemistry in MgCI2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysis: an Camille Descour Projects integrated experimental and computational Olefin block copolymers: synthesis and approach dissection #632: Experimental and computational study of dense gas-fluidised beds with liquid #714: Putting values to a model for Flow Ajin Verghese Cheruvathur injection Induced Crystallization Surface chemistry of flat-model Ziegler-Natta catalysts #633: Understanding structure/performance #728: Structural investigations on MAO relationships for non-metallocene olefin and design of alternative well-defined Nicole Franssen polymerization catalysts co­catalysts and single-component catalysts Functional (co)polymers from carbenes

#635: Measuring active site concentration #731: Main group metal-alkyl cocatalysts Anton Ginzburg of olefin polymerization catalysts and scavengers in molecular olefin Development of high temperature two polymerization catalysis: a mechanistic dimensional liquid chromatography of #636: The study of the role of the support, investigation polyolefins support preparation and initial conditions on olefin polymerisation #732: Strategies for stabilizing trivalent vanadium and chromium propylene Scientific publications #637: Role of entanglements on the flow polymerization catalysts behavior of polyolefins G. Portale, D. Cavallo, G.C. Alfonso, D. Hermida- #750: Optimisation and Calibration of Merino, M. van Drongelen, L. Balzano, #638: Thermally stable olefin polymerization High-Temperarure Liquid Chromatographic G.W.M. Peters, J.G.P. Goossens and W. Bras catalysts by reversible intramolecular alkyl Separation of Polypropylene and Propylene Polymer crystallization studies under shuttling based Copolymers processing-relevant conditions at the SAXS/ WAXS DUBBLE beamline at the ESRF #641: High-Troughput Computational #751: Predictive Modelling of Polyolefin Journal of Applied Crystallography 46 1681- Pre-Screening of Catalysts Reactors 1689

#642: Development of High-Temperature #753: Impact of the geometric parameters T.F.L. McKenna, E. Tioni, M.M. Ranieri, 2-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography for of catalyst supports on the kinetics and A. Alizadeh, C. Boisson and V. Monteil the Characterization of Polyolefins morphology of polyolefins Catalytic olefin polymerisation at short times: Studies using specially adapted reactors #646: New Functionalized Materials by Rh and #754: Direct insight into elusive active Ti Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering Pd Mediated Carbene Homo-Polymerization species of high-yield Ziegler-Natte Catalysts 91 (4) 669-686 and Olefin/Carbene Co-Polymerization #757: Influence of entanglement on M.M. Ranieri, J.P. Broyer, F. Cutillo, #674: Rheology Control by Branching rheological response of Ultra High Molecular T.F.L. McKenna and C. Boisson Modeling Weight Polyethylene from linear to nonlinear Site count: is a high-pressure quenched-flow viscoelastic behaviour reactor suitable for kinetic studies of molecular #706: Intrinsic effect of catalyst catalysts in ethylene polymerization? immobilization techniques on catalyst #785: High Impact Polypropylene: Structure Dalton Transactions 42 (25) 9049-9057 activity and selectivity Evolution and impact on Reaction L. Rocchigiani, V. Busico, A. Pastore and #708: Structure-property relations of olefinic #787: In situ X-ray measurements A. Macchioni block copolymers Probing the interactions between all #791: A comprehensive integrated HTC&HTE components of the catalytic pool for #709: Integrated Models for PolyOlefin workflow for the mechanistic study of (novel) homogeneous olefin polymerisation by Reactors olefin polymerization catalysts diffusion NMR spectroscopy Dalton Transactions 42 (25) 9104-9111 #710: Linking chemically specific structure #793: Novel Quadrupolar Nuclear Magnetic information to physical properties of Resonance Methodology for the Study of M.A. Bashir, V. Monteil, V. Kanellopoulos, polyolefins. MgCl2-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts M.A.H. Ali and T.F.L. McKenna An Equation of State-Based Modeling #711: Mass transfer & kinetics in #795: The molecular and morphological Approach for Estimating the Partial Molar heterophasic copolymerization of propylene origin of large improvement of stress-strain Volume of Penetrants and Polymers in Binary properties of polyethylenes Mixtures

36 Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research N. Patil, C. Invigorito, M. Gahleitner and #648: Graphene-based nanocomposites- A 52 (46) 16491-16505 S. Rastogi study on the potential of grapheme, Influence of a particulate nucleating agent nanosheets as an alternative low-cost filler A. Ginzburg, T. Macko, V. Dolle and R. Brull on the quiescent and flow-induced for multi-functional polymeric materials Multidimensional high-temperature liquid crystallization of isotactic polypropylene chromatography: A new technique to Polymer 54 (21) 5883-5891 #649: Thermoplastic elastomers via living characterize the chemical heterogeneity of radical graft polymerzation from functional Ziegler-Natta-based bimodal HDPE C. Descour, T.J.J. Sciarone, D. Cavallo, elastomers Journal of Applied Polymer Science 129 (4) T. Macko, M. Kelchtermans, I. Korobkov and 1897-1906 R. Duchateau #650: Molecular Modelling of Cavitation in Exploration of the effect of 2,6-(t-Bu) Polymer Melts and Rubbers A. Ginzburg, T. Macko, F. Malz, M. Schroers, (2)-4-Me-C6H2OH (BHT) in chain shuttling I. Troetsch-Schaller, J. Strittmatter and polymerization #651: Smart Surface Modifiers for R. Brull Polymer Chemistry 4 (17) 4718-4729 Engineering Plastics Characterization of functionalized polyolefins by high-temperature two-dimensional liquid M. van Drongelen, T. Meijer-Vissers, #652: Rubber/silica nano-composites via chromatography D. Cavallo, G. Portale, G. Vanden Poel and reactive extrusion Journal of Chromatography A 1285 40-47 R. Androsch Microfocus wide-angle X-ray scattering of #653: Biodegradable Thermoplastic J.H. Arndt, T. Macko and R. Brull polymers crystallized in a fast scanning chip Polyurethanes from Renewable Resources Application of the evaporative light scattering calorimeter detector to analytical problems in polymer Thermochimica Acta 563 33-37 #654: Effects of the nano-scale structure science of polymer surfaces on their adhesion and Journal of Chromatography A 1310 1-14 N.M.G. Franssen, J.N.H. Reek and B. de Bruin friction A different route to functional polyolefins: F. Capone, L. Rongo, M. D’Amore, olefin-carbene copolymerisation #656: Green Rigid blocks for Engineering P.H.M. Budzelaar and V. Busico Dalton Transactions 42 (25) 9058-9068 plastics with ENhanced pERformance Periodic Hybrid DFT Approach (Including Dispersion) to MgCl2-Supported Ziegler- N.M.G. Franssen, J.N.H. Reek and B. de Bruin #664: Sustainable elastomers and Natta Catalysts. 2. Model Electron Donor Synthesis of functional ‘polyolefins’: state of Thermoplastics by short fibre reinforcement Adsorption on MgCl2 Crystal Surfaces the art and remaining challenges Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117 (46) Chemical Society Reviews 42 (13) 5809-5832 #671: Optimized plastication in extruders for 24345-24353 better economy and product properties N.M.G. Franssen, B. Ensing, M. Hegde, A. Correa, N. Bahri-Laleh and L. Cavallo T.J. Dingemans, B. Norder, S.J. Picken, #696: Self-healing thermoplastic polymers How Well Can DFT Reproduce Key G.O.R.A. van Ekenstein, E.R.H. van Eck, based on in-situ solvent deployment Interactions in Ziegler-Natta Systems? J.A.A.W. Elemans, M. Vis, J.N.H. Reek and Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 214 B. de Bruin #697: Creating multiple distributed healing (17) 1980-1989 On the “Tertiary Structure” of Poly-Carbenes; in fibre composites using compartmented Self-Assembly of sp(3)-Carbon-Based fibres liquid filled fibres D. Mekap, T. Macko, R. Brull, R. Cong, Polymers into Liquid-Crystalline Aggregates A.W. deGroot, A. Parrott and W. Yau Chemistry-a European Journal 19 (35) #742: Membranes with Adjustable Interior in One-Step Method for Separation and 11577-11589 their Nanopores Identification of n-Alkanes/Oligomers in HDPE Using High-Temperature High- N.M.G. Franssen, M. Finger, J.N.H. Reek and #743: Curable Semi-aromatic or aliphatic Performance Liquid Chromatography B. de Bruin Semi-crystalline Thermoplastics Macromolecules 46 (15) 6257-6262 Propagation and termination steps in Rh- mediated carbene polymerisation using #744: Molecular Simulations of Polymer E. Tioni, V. Monteil and T. McKenna diazomethane Networks: Stress-Strain Relations, Morphological Interpretation of the Evolution Dalton Transactions 42 (12) 4139-4152 Cavitation, and Dynamics in Confinement of the Thermal Properties of Polyethylene during the Fragmentation of Silica Supported #745: Microstructure-based Modeling of the Metallocene Catalysts Intrinsic Kinectics of Aging and Deformation Macromolecules 46 (2) 335-343 PERFORMANCE POLYMERS of Polymer Glasses

Z. Ma, L. Fernandez-Ballester, D. Cavallo, #746: Particles at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces T. Gough and G.W.M. Peters Projects High-Stress Shear-Induced Crystallization #747: Polyamide/silica nanocomposites: in Isotactic Polypropylene and Propylene/ #623: Fundamental aspects of Nano­ a systematical investigation Ethylene Random Copolymers composites Macromolecules 46 (7) 2671-2680 #749: The chemistry of rubber modification #647: New Functionalized Materials by Rh and crosslinking: New approaches towards D. Mekap, T. Macko, R. Brull, R. Cong, A.W. and Pd Mediated Carbene Homo-Polymeriza- an old problem deGroot, A. Parrott, P.J.C.H. Cools and W. Yau tion and Olefin/Carbene Co-Polymerization Liquid chromatography at critical conditions #755: MONodisperse OLIGOamide building of polyethylene blocks for thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) Polymer 54 (21) 5518-5524 revisited

37 #756: Do contacts in electrically conductive High performance graphene- and MWCNTs- S. Saiwari, W.K. Dierkes and particulate composites really exist? based PS/PPO composites obtained via J.W.M. Noordermeer organic solvent dispersion Devulcanization of Whole Passenger Car Tire #782: How short-cut fibers influence friction, Composites Science and Technology 80 16-22 Material wear and noise generation of polymers Kgk-Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe 66 (7-8) S.S. Sarkawi, W.K. Dierkes and 20-25 #783: COntact mechaNics, FrictIon and J.W.M. Noordermeer coNtact fatiguE on polymeric SURFACES The influence of non-rubber constituents W. Kaewsakul, K. Sahakaro, W.K. Dierkes and on performance of silica reinforced natural J.W.M. Noordermeer #784: Reactive Polymer Colloids for Design rubber compounds Alternative Secondary Accelerator for of Interfaces in Fiber/matrix Composite European Polymer Journal 49 (10) 3199-3209 Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Formulations Materials Kgk-Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe 66 (9) N.V. Rodriguez, M.A. Masen and D.J. Schipper 33-38 #786: Processing for Enhanced Product A model for the contact behaviour of weakly Performance orthotropic viscoelastic materials D. Hudzinskyy, M.A.J. Michels and A.V. Lyulin International Journal of Mechanical Sciences Rejuvenation, Aging, and Confinement Effects #788: Predicting the Fountain Flow 72 75-79 in Atactic-Polystyrene Films Subjected to Instability from Material Properties and Oscillatory Shear Processing conditions N.V. Rodriguez, M.A. Masen and D.J. Schipper Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 22 A contact model for orthotropic-viscoelastic (1) 71-84 #789: Functional Polymeric Additives for materials Engineering Plastics International Journal of Mechanical Sciences M.P.F. Pepels, M.R. Hansen, H. Goossens and 74 91-98 R. Duchateau From Polyethylene to Polyester: Influence of Theses M. Shirazi, M.B. de Rooij, A.G. Talma and Ester Groups on the Physical Properties J.W.M. Noordermeer Macromolecules 46 (19) 7668-7677 Elena Miloskovska Adhesion of RFL-coated aramid fibres to Structure-property relationships of rubber/ elastomers: The role of elastomer-latex J. Wu, P. Eduard, L. Jasinska-Walc, A. Ro- silica nanocomposites via sol-gel reaction compatibility zanski, B.A.J. Noordover, D.S. van Es and C.E. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology KoningFully Isohexide-Based Polyesters: Athanasios Morozinis 27 (17) 1886-1898 Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure- Molecular Modelling of Cavitation in Polymer Properties Relations Melts and Rubbers M. Shirazi, A.G. Talma and J.W.M. Noordermeer Macromolecules 46 (2) 384-394 Adhesion of RFL-coated aramid fibres to Nicole Franssen sulphur- and peroxide-cured elastomers V.S.D. Voet, M. Tichelaar, S. Tanase, Functional (co)polymers from carbenes Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology M.C. Mittelmeijer-Hazeleger, G. ten Brinke 27 (9) 1048-1057 and K. Loos Christian Hintze Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/nickel nano­ Influence of processing induced morphology M. Shirazi, A.G. Talma and J.W.M. Noordermeer composites from semicrystalline block on mechanical properties of short aramid Viscoelastic properties of short aramid copolymer precursors fibre filled elastomer composites fibers-reinforced rubbers Nanoscale 5 (1) 184-192 Journal of Applied Polymer Science 128 (4) 2255-2261 M. Pepels, I. Filot, B. Klumperman and Scientific publications H. Goossens C. Hintze, R. Boldt, S. Wiessner and Self-healing systems based on N.M.G. Franssen, J.N.H. Reek and B. de Bruin G. Heinrich disulfide-thiol exchange reactions A different route to functional polyolefins: Influence of processing on morphology in Polymer Chemistry 4 (18) 4955-4965 olefin-carbene copolymerisation short aramid fiber reinforced elastomer Dalton Transactions 42 (25) 9058-9068 compounds A.K. Morozinis, C. Tzoumanekas, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 130 (3) S.D. Anogiannakis and D.N. Theodorou E. Tkalya, M. Ghislandi, W. Thielemans, 1682-1690 Atomistic Simulations of Cavitation in a P. van der Schoot, G. de With and C. Koning Model Polyethylene Network Cellulose Nanowhiskers Templating in A. Jeyakumar, H. Goossens, B. Noordover, Polymer Science Series C 55 (1) 212-218 Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites Reduces M. Prusty, M. Scheibitz and C. Koning Electrical Percolation Threshold 5-Fold Polyamide-6,6-Based Blocky Copolyamides N.V. Rodriguez, M.A. Masen and D.J. Schipper Acs Macro Letters 2 (2) 157-163 Obtained by Solid-State Modification Tribologically modified surfaces on Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer elastomeric materials M. Ghislandi, E. Tkalya, B. Marinho, Chemistry 51 (23) 5118-5129 Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical C.E. Koning and G. de With Engineers Part J-Journal of Engineering Electrical conductivities of carbon powder S.S. Sarkawi, W.K. Dierkes and Tribology 227 (J5) 398-405 nanofillers and their latex-based polymer J.W.M. Noordermeer composites The Effect of Protein Content in Natural C.E. Koning, R.J. Sablong, E.H. Nejad, Composites Part a-Applied Science and Rubber on Performance of Silica Filled R. Duchateau and P. Buijsen Manufacturing 53 145-151 Compounds as Influenced by Processing Novel coating resins based on polycarbonates Temperature and poly(ester-co-carbonate)s made by cata- M. Ghislandi, E. Tkalya, S. Schillinger, Kgk-Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe 66 (3) lytic chain growth polymerization of epoxides

C.E. Koning and G. de With 27-33 with CO2 and with anhydride/CO2

38 Progress in Organic Coatings 76 (12) #776: Membranes with adjustable interior in 1704-1711 FUNCTIONAL POLYMER SYSTEMS their nanopores

V.S.D. Voet, D. Hermida-Merino, #777: Tuning the optical properties of thin G. ten Brinke and K. Loos Projects film coatings by using self-assembled Block copolymer route towards protein particles poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methacrylic #626: Hardening of elastomers (and gels) in acid)/nickel nanocomposites response to magnetic fields #792: Particle Stability and Mobility in Rsc Advances 3 (21) 7938-7946 Silicones #627: Air-stable n-type field-effect W. Kaewsakul, K. Sahakaro, W.K. Dierkes and transistors J.W.M. Noordermeer Theses Optimization of Rubber Formulation for #630: Functional polymer based nano- Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Compounds and micro-optics for solid state lighting Andreas Ringk Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86 (2) management Organic electronics by self-assembly 313-329 #631: Triplet recombination in polymer solar Mian Dai N.M.G. Franssen, J.N.H. Reek and B. de Bruin cells Optically and environmentally responsive Synthesis of functional ‘polyolefins’: state of fibres the art and remaining challenges #660: Bulk heterojunction polymer:zinc oxide Chemical Society Reviews 42 (13) 5809-5832 solar cells from novel organozinc precursors Veronique Gevaerts Morphology control and device optimization N.M.G. Franssen, B. Ensing, M. Hegde, #661: Structurally defined conjugated for efficient organic solar cells T.J. Dingemans, B. Norder, S.J. Picken, dendrimers and hyperbrached polymers in G.O.R.A. van Ekenstein, E.R.H. van Eck, solar cells Marijn Kemper J.A.A.W. Elemans, M. Vis, J.N.H. Reek and Non-specific protein-surface interactions in B. de Bruin #677: Understanding interactions between the context of particle-based biosensors On the “Tertiary Structure” of Poly-Carbenes; polymer surfaces and proteins: towards a Self-Assembly of sp(3)-Carbon-Based ideal polymer biosensor substrate material Stela Andrea Muntean Polymers into Liquid-Crystalline Aggregates Molecular-dynamics simulations of polymeric Chemistry-a European Journal 19 (35) #678: Air stable organic photovoltaics surfaces for biomolecular applications 11577-11589 #679: Smart textiles N.M.G. Franssen, M. Finger, J.N.H. Reek and Scientific publications B. de Bruin #680: Charge carrier transport and Propagation and termination steps in recombination in advanced OLEDs M. Dai, O.T. Picot, J.M.N. Verjans, Rh-mediated carbene polymerisation using L.T. de Haan, A.P.H.J. Schenning, T. Peijs and diazomethane #681: Hybrid solar cells based on Si C.W.M. Bastiaansen Dalton Transactions 42 (12) 4139-4152 nanoparticles and conjugated polymers Humidity-Responsive Bilayer Actuators Based on a Liquid-Crystalline Polymer #682: Creation of functional nanostructures Network Filed patent applications in solution/dispersion Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces 5 (11) 4945-4950 #742: H.P.C. van Kuringen, A.P.H.J. Schenning, #762: Solution-Processed Small-Molecule D.J. Boer Tandem OPV O.T. Picot, M. Dai, D.J. Broer, T. Peijs and Novel nanoporous membranes for removing C.W.M. Bastiaansen species from an aqueous solution #763: Design of novel donor-acceptor New Approach toward Reflective Films and systems with optimized morphology and Fibers Using Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal #747: Y. Zhao, X. Zhu, M. Möller transport Coatings Silica spheres as nanocapsule carriers Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces 5 (15) #764: Responsive IR reflectors based on 7117-7121 polymeric cholesteric liquid crystals Reported inventions D. Di Nuzzo, G.J.A.H. Wetzelaer, #765: New supramolecular architectures R.K.M. Bouwer, V.S. Gevaerts, #742: H.P.C. van Kuringen, A.P.H.J. Schenning, exhibiting piezoelectric properties S.C.J. Meskers, J.C. Hummelen, P.W.M. Blom D.J. Boer and R.A.J. Janssen Novel nanoporous membranes for removing #766: Responsive and self-healing Simultaneous Open-Circuit Voltage species from an aqueous solution membranes with well-defined nanopores Enhancement and Short-Circuit Current Loss using block copolymers in Polymer: Fullerene Solar Cells Correlated #747: Y. Zhao, X. Zhu, M. Möller by Reduced Quantum Efficiency for Silica spheres as nanocapsule carriers #767: Towards solution processable near-IR Photoinduced Electron Transfer and IR-reflective coatings and mirrors with Advanced Energy Materials 3 (1) 85-94 high transparency in the UV-visible regime

#775: Switchable topologies using responsive polymers for controlled wetting and self-cleaning surfaces

39 G.A.H. Wetzelaer, N.J. Van der Kaap, M. Mesta, M. Carvelli, R.J. de Vries, L.J.A. Koster and P.W.M. Blom H. van Eersel, J.J.M. van der Holst, COATINGS TECHNOLOGY Quantifying Bimolecular Recombination in M. Schober, M. Furno, B. Lussem, K. Leo, Organic Solar Cells in Steady State P. Loebl, R. Coehoorn and P.A. Bobbert Advanced Energy Materials 3 (9) 1130-1134 Molecular-scale simulation of electro­ Projects luminescence in a multilayer white organic A. Ringk, X.R. Li, F. Gholamrezaie, E.C.P. Smits, light-emitting diode #658: Waterborne polyurethane dispersions A. Neuhold, A. Moser, C. Van der Marel, Nature Materials 12 (7) 652-658 based on renewable resources G.H. Gelinck, R. Resel, D.M. de Leeuw and P. Strohriegl A. Ringk, W.S.C. Roelofs, E.C.P. Smits, #675: Drying of a waterborne coating: N-Type Self-Assembled Monolayer C. van der Marel, I. Salzmann, A. Neuhold, spontaneous phase inversion in jammed Field-Effect Transistors and Complementary G.H. Gelinck, R. Resel, D.M. de Leeuw and systems Inverters P. Strohriegl Advanced Functional Materials 23 (16) N-Type self-assembled monolayer field-effect #676: UV to daylight curing of organic coatings 2016-2023 transistors for flexible organic electronics Organic Electronics 14 (5) 1297-1304 #713: Physical aspects and modeling of D.H.K. Murthy, A. Melianas, Z. Tang, G. Juska, weathering of polyester-urethane coatings K. Arlauskas, F.L. Zhang, L.D.A. Siebbeles, D. Di Nuzzo, S. van Reenen, R.A.J. Janssen, O. Inganas and T.J. Savenije M. Kemerink and S.C.J. Meskers #758: Self-replenishing hydrophobic coatings Origin of Reduced Bimolecular Recombination Evidence for space-charge-limited with intrinsic hardness cured by LED’s in Blends of Conjugated Polymers and conduction in organic photovoltaic cells at Fullerenes open-circuit conditions #759: Novel Isocyanate-free, Chain-Extended Advanced Functional Materials 23 (34) Physical Review B 87 (8) Polyurethane Dispersions Containing 4262-4268 Alternative Internal Dispersing Agents P. de Bruyn, A.H.P. van Rest, G.A.H. Wetzelaer, R.A.J. Janssen and J. Nelson D.M. de Leeuw and P.W.M. Blom #760: Microstructure control in polyurethane Factors Limiting Device Efficiency in Organic Diffusion-Limited Current in Organic (PU) ionomers Photovoltaics Metal-Insulator-Metal Diodes Advanced Materials 25 (13) 1847-1858 Physical Review Letters 111 (18) #779: Preparation and Characterization of Model Waterborne Clearcoats G.A.H. Wetzelaer, A. Najafi, R.J.P. Kist, M. Kuik O.T. Picot, R. Alcala, C. Sanchez, M.A. Dai, and P.W.M. Blom N.F. Hughes-Brittain, D.J. Broer, T. Peijs and #780: Self-replenishing high-surface-energy Efficient electron injection from solution- C.W.M. Bastiaansen coatings processed cesium stearate interlayers in Manufacturing of Surface Relief Structures organic light-emitting diodes in Moving Substrates Using Photoembossing #781: Film Formation in Complex Colloidal Applied Physics Letters 102 (5) and Pulsed-Interference Holography Coatings Macromolecular Materials and Engineering D. Escudero, E. Heuser, R.J. Meier, 298 (1) 33-37 M. Schaferling, W. Thiel and E. Holder Scientific publications Unveiling Photodeactivation Pathways for a O.T. Picot, M. Dai, E. Billoti, D.J. Broer, T. Peijs New Iridium(III) Cyclometalated Complex and C.W.M. Bastiaansen H.J. Zhu, H.P. Huinink, P.C.M.M. Magusin, Chemistry-a European Journal 19 (46) A real time optical strain sensor based on a O.C.G. Adan and K. Kopinga 15639-15644 cholesteric liquid crystal network T-2 distribution spectra obtained by continuum Rsc Advances 3 (41) 18794-18798 fitting method using a mixed Gaussian and L.J. Liu, S. van Bavel, S.P. Wen, X.N. Yang and exponential kernel function J. Loos Journal of Magnetic Resonance 235 109-114 Morphology and Performance of Poly Filed patent application (2-methoxy-5-(20-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p- H.J. Zhu, H.P. Huinink, O.C.G. Adan and phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV):(6,6)- #775: D. Liu, D.J. Broer K. Kopinga phenyl-C61-butyric Acid Methyl Ester (PCBM) Manipulating surface structures by a liquid NMR Study of the Microstructures and Based Polymer Solar Cells crystal network Water-Polymer Interactions in Cross-Linked Chinese Journal of Chemistry 31 (6) 731-736 Polyurethane Coatings Macromolecules 46 (15) 6124-6131 R.J. de Vries, A. Badinski, R.A.J. Janssen and Reported inventions R. Coehoorn D. Senatore, A.T. ten Cate, J. Laven, Extraction of the materials parameters that #775: D. Liu, Dirk J. Broer R.A.T.M. van Benthem and G. de With determine the mobility in disordered organic Fresnel lens with adaptive light intensity Temperature-triggered release of a liquid semiconductors from the current-voltage response cross-linker micro-encapsulated in a glassy characteristics: Accuracy and limitations polymer for low temperature curing Journal of Applied Physics 113 (11) #775: D. Liu, D.J. Broer Polymer 54 (1) 75-83 Manipulating surface structures by a liquid L. Gulikers, J. Evers, A. Muntean and A. Lyulin crystal network H.H. Feng, N.A.L. Verstappen, A.J.C. Kuehne The effect of perception anisotropy on and J. Sprakel particle systems describing pedestrian flows #775: D. Liu, D.J. Broer Well-defined temperature-sensitive in corridors Surfaces with adjustable friction and grip surfactants for controlled emulsion Journal of Statistical Mechanics-Theory and coalescence Experiment Polymer Chemistry 4 (6) 1842-1847

40 H.H. Feng, J. Sprakel, D. Ershov, T. Krebs, Acs Combinatorial Science 15 (9) 475-482 J. Schafer, A. Breul, E. Birckner, M.D. Hager, M.A.C. Stuart and J. van der Gucht U.S. Schubert, J. Popp and B. Dietzek Two modes of phase inversion in a drying K. Kempe, K.L. Killops, J.E. Poelma, H.J. Jung, Fluorescence Study of Energy Transfer in emulsion J. Bang, R. Hoogenboom, H. Tran, C.J. Hawker, PMMA Polymers with Pendant Oligo- Soft Matter 9 (10) 2810-2815 U.S. Schubert and L.M. Campos Phenylene-Ethynylenes Strongly Phase-Segregating Block Chemphyschem 14 (1) 170-178 Copolymers with Sub-20 nm Features Thesis Acs Macro Letters 2 (8) 677-682 E. Atuntas, C. Weber, K. Kempe and U.S. Schubert Huanhuan Feng T. Janoschka, A. Teichler, B. Haupler, Comparison of ESI, APCI and MALDI for the Understanding and manipulating T. Jahnert, M.D. Hager and U.S. Schubert (tandem) mass analysis of poly(2-ethyl-2- coalescence in dense emulsions Reactive Inkjet Printing of Cathodes for oxazoline)s with various end-groups Organic Radical Batteries European Polymer Journal 49 (8) 2172-2185 Advanced Energy Materials 3 (8) 1025-1028 Reported invention A. Teichler, Z. Shu, A. Wild, C. Bader, M.J. Barthel, T. Rudolph, A. Teichler, J. Nowotny, G. Kirchner, S. Harkema, #758: Y. Zhang, C. Rocco, A. C. C. Esteves, R.M. Paulus, J. Vitz, S. Hoeppener, M.D. Hager, J. Perelaer and U.S. Schubert L. G. J. van der Ven, R. A. T. M. van Benthem, F.H. Schacher and U.S. Schubert Inkjet printing of chemically tailored C. Croutxe-Barghorn, X. Allonas, G. de With Self-Healing Materials via Reversible light-emitting polymers New self-replenishing coatings Crosslinking of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Block- European Polymer Journal 49 (8) 2186-2195 Poly(furfuryl glycidyl ether) (PEO-b-PFGE) Block Copolymer Films A.M. Breul, J. Schafer, E. Altuntas, Advanced Functional Materials 23 (39) M.D. Hager, A. Winter, B. Dietzek, J. Popp and HIGH-THROUGHPUT EXPERIMENTATION 4921-4932 U.S. Schubert Incorporation of Polymerizable Osmium(II) S. Bode, L. Zedler, F.H. Schacher, B. Dietzek, Bis-terpyridine Complexes into PMMA Projects M. Schmitt, J. Popp, M.D. Hager and U.S. Backbones Schubert Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic #620: Rapid-prototyping and inkjet printing Self-Healing Polymer Coatings Based on Polymers and Materials 23 (1) 74-80 using polyurethane precursons Crosslinked Metallosupramolecular Copolymers E. Rettler, S. Hoeppener, B.W. Sigusch and #666: 3D Printing of Hydrogels Based on Advanced Materials 25 (11) 1634-1638 U.S. Schubert Liquid Free-Form Fabrication of Modified Mapping the mechanical properties of Polysaccharides U. Mansfeld, S. Hoeppener and U.S. Schubert biomaterials on different length scales: Investigating the Motion of Diblock depth-sensing indentation and AFM based #668: Microwave-assisted synthesis of Copolymer Assemblies in Ionic Liquids by In nanoindentation polyamides from amines and carboxylic acids Situ Electron Microscopy Journal of Materials Chemistry B 1 (22) Advanced Materials 25 (5) 761-765 2789-2806 #690: Libraries of poly (ethylene oxide)via parallel living anionic polymerization B.L. Farrugia, K. Kempe, U.S. Schubert, A. Teichler, J. Perelaer and U.S. Schubert R. Hoogenboom and T.R. Dargaville Inkjet printing of organic electronics - #729: High-throughput screening Poly(2-oxazoline) Hydrogels for Controlled comparison of deposition techniques and technologies applied to compatibility maps Fibroblast Attachment state-of-the-art developments Biomacromolecules 14 (8) 2724-2732 Journal of Materials Chemistry C 1 (10) 1910- #730: Cellular pharmacokinetics of polymers 1925 for drug delivery - A high-throughput A.M. Breul, M.D. Hager and U.S. Schubert approach to polymers with optimum Fluorescent monomers as building blocks A. Wild, A. Teichler, C.L. Ho, X.Z. Wang, targeting characteristics for dye labeled polymers: synthesis and H.M. Zhan, F. Schlutter, A. Winter, M.D. Hager, application in energy conversion, biolabeling W.Y. Wong and U.S. Schubert and sensors Formation of dynamic metallo-copolymers Scientific publications Chemical Society Reviews 42 (12) 5366-5407 by inkjet printing: towards white-emitting materials A. Teichler, S. Holzer, J. Nowotny, L. Tauhardt, K. Kempe, M. Gottschaldt and Journal of Materials Chemistry C 1 (9) F. Kretschmer, C. Bader, J. Perelaer, U.S. Schubert 1812-1822 M.D. Hager, S. Hoeppener and U.S. Schubert Poly(2-oxazoline) functionalized surfaces: Combinatorial Screening of Inkjet Printed from modification to application J. Perelaer and U.S. Schubert Ternary Blends for Organic Photovoltaics: Chemical Society Reviews 42 (20) 7998-8011 Novel approaches for low temperature Absorption Behavior and Morphology sintering of inkjet-printed inorganic nano­ Acs Combinatorial Science 15 (8) 410-418 M. Jager, H. Gorls, W. Gunther and particles for roll-to-roll (R2R) applications U.S. Schubert Journal of Materials Research 28 (4) 564-573 A.C. Rinkenauer, A. Vollrath, A. Schallon, Pd-Catalyzed Ring Assembly by L. Tauhardt, K. Kempe, S. Schubert, D. Fischer Vinylation and Intramolecular Heck Coupling: F.M. Wolf, J. Perelaer, S. Stumpf, D. Bollen, and U.S. Schubert A Versatile Strategy Towards Functionalized F. Kriebel and U.S. Schubert Parallel High-Throughput Screening of Azadibenzocyclooctynes Rapid low-pressure plasma sintering of Polymer Vectors for Nonviral Gene Delivery: Chemistry-a European Journal 19 (6) inkjet-printed silver nanoparticles for RFID Evaluation of Structure-Property 2150-2157 antennas Relationships of Transfection Journal of Materials Research 28 (9) 1254-1261

41 C. Weber, S. Rogers, A. Vollrath, S. Hoeppener, T. Jahnert, B. Haupler, T. Janoschka, Orthogonal self-assembly of stimuli- T. Rudolph, N. Fritz, R. Hoogenboom and M.D. Hager and U.S. Schubert responsive supramolecular polymers using U.S. Schubert Synthesis and Charge-Discharge Studies of one-step prepared heterotelechelic building Aqueous solution behavior of comb-shaped Poly(ethynylphenyl)galvinoxyles and Their Use blocks poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) in Organic Radical Batteries with Aqueous Polymer Chemistry 4 (1) 113-123 Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Electrolytes Chemistry 51 (1) 139-148 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 214 U. Mansfeld, A. Winter, M.D. Hager, G. Festag, (22) 2616-2623 S. Hoeppener and U.S. Schubert D. Heine, C. Pietsch, U.S. Schubert and Amphiphilic supramolecular A(B)(2)A W. Weigand A. Teichler, J. Perelaer and U.S. Schubert quasi-triblock copolymers Controlled radical polymerization of Screening of Film-Formation Qualities of Polymer Chemistry 4 (11) 3177-3181 styrene-based models of the active site of the Various Solvent Systems for pi-Conjugated [FeFe]-hydrogenase Polymers Via Combinatorial Inkjet K. Kempe, S. Onbulak, U.S. Schubert, Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Printing A. Sanyal and R. Hoogenboom Chemistry 51 (10) 2171-2180 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 214 pH degradable dendron-functionalized (5) 547-555 poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) prepared by a C. Pietsch, J. Schafer, R. Menzel, R. Beckert, cascade “double-click” reaction J. Popp, B. Dietzek and U.S. Schubert A. Teichler, J. Perelaer, F. Kretschmer, Polymer Chemistry 4 (11) 3236-3244 Forster Resonance Energy Transfer in M.D. Hager and U.S. Schubert Poly(methyl methacrylates) Copolymers Systematic Investigation of a Novel B. Sandmann, B. Happ, J. Vitz, M.D. Hager, Bearing Donor-Acceptor 1,3-Thiazole Dyes Low-Bandgap Terpolymer Library via Inkjet P. Burtscher, N. Moszner and U.S. Schubert Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Printing: Influence of Ink Properties and Photoinduced polyaddition of multifunctional Chemistry 51 (22) 4765-4773 Processing Conditions azides and alkynes Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 214 Polymer Chemistry 4 (14) 3938-3942 E. Altuntas, A. Krieg, A. Baumgaertel, (6) 664-672 A.C. Crecelius and U.S. Schubert S. Bode, R.K. Bose, S. Matthes, M. Ehrhardt, ESI, APCI, and MALDI tandem mass E. Rettler, J.M. Kranenburg, S. Hoeppener, A. Seifert, F.H. Schacher, R.M. Paulus, spectrometry of poly(methyl acrylate)s: R. Hoogenboom and U.S. Schubert S. Stumpf, B. Sandmann, J. Vitz, A. Winter, A comparison study for the structural Verification of Selected Key Assumptions for S. Hoeppener, S.J. Garcia, S. Spange, S. van characterization of polymers synthesized via the Analysis of Depth-Sensing Indentation der Zwaag, M.D. Hager and U.S. Schubert CRP techniques and the software application Data Self-healing metallopolymers based on to analyze MS/MS data Macromolecular Materials and Engineering cadmium bis(terpyridine) complex containing Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer 298 (1) 78-88 polymer networks Chemistry 51 (7) 1595-1605 Polymer Chemistry 4 (18) 4966-4973 A. Vollrath, D. Pretzel, C. Pietsch, U. Mansfeld, A. Winter, M.D. Hager, I. Perevyazko, R. Menzel, S. Schubert, G.M. T. Rudolph, K. Kempe, S. Crotty, R.M. Paulus, W. Gunther, E. Altuntas and U.S. Schubert Pavlov, D. Weiss, R. Beckert and U.S. Schubert U.S. Schubert, I. Krossing and F.H. Schacher A Homotelechelic bis-terpyridine Preparation, Cellular Internalization, and A strong cationic Bronsted acid, [H(OEt2) macroligand: One-step synthesis and its Biocompatibility of Highly Fluorescent PMMA (2)]-[Al{OC(CF3)(3)}(4)], as an efficient initiator metallo-supramolecular self-assembly Nanoparticles (vol 33, pg 1791, 2012) for the cationic ring-opening polymerization Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Macromolecular Rapid Communications 34 of 2-alkyl-2-oxazolines Chemistry 51 (9) 2006-2015 (3) 280-280 Polymer Chemistry 4 (3) 495-505

T.S. Druzhinina, C. Hoppener, S. Hoeppener C. Weber, M. Wagner, D. Baykal, S. Hoeppener, E. Altuntas, C. Weber and U.S. Schubert and U.S. Schubert R.M. Paulus, G. Festag, E. Altuntas, Detailed characterization of poly Hierarchical, Guided Self-Assembly of F.H. Schacher and U.S. Schubert (2-ethyl-2oxazoline)s by energy variable Preselected Carbon Nanotubes for the Easy Access to Amphiphilic Heterografted collision-induced dissociation study Controlled Fabrication of CNT Structures by Poly(2-oxazoline) Comb Copolymers Rapid Communications in Mass Electrooxidative Nanolithography Macromolecules 46 (13) 5107-5116 Spectrometry 27 (10) 1095-1100 Langmuir 29 (24) 7515-7520 G.M. Pavlov, K. Knop, O.V. Okatova and A. Vollrath, A. Schallon, C. Pietsch, A. Wild, A. Teichler, C. von der Ehe, A. Winter, U.S. Schubert S. Schubert, T. Nomoto, Y. Matsumoto, M.D. Hager, B. Yao, B.H. Zhang, Z.Y. Xie, Star-Brush-Shaped Macromolecules: K. Kataoka and U.S. Schubert W.Y. Wong and U.S. Schubert Peculiar Properties in Dilute Solution A toolbox of differently sized and labeled Zn-II Bisterpyridine Metallopolymers: Macromolecules 46 (21) 8671-8679 PMMA nanoparticles for cellular uptake Improved Processability by the Introduction of investigations Polymeric Side Chains K. Kempe, E.F.J. Rettler, R.M. Paulus, A. Kuse, Soft Matter 9 (1) 99-108 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 214 R. Hoogenboom and U.S. Schubert (10) 1072-1080 A systematic investigation of the effect of M.J. Barthel, U. Mansfeld, S. Hoeppener, side chain branching on the glass transition J.A. Czaplewska, F.H. Schacher and J. Kotteritzsch, S. Stumpf, S. Hoeppener, temperature and mechanical properties of U.S. Schubert J. Vitz, M.D. Hager and U.S. Schubert aliphatic (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s Understanding and tuning the self-assembly One-Component Intrinsic Self-Healing Polymer 54 (8) 2036-2042 of polyether-based triblock terpolymers in Coatings Based on Reversible Crosslinking by aqueous solution Diels-Alder Cycloadditions U. Mansfeld, A. Winter, M.D. Hager, Soft Matter 9 (13) 3509-3520 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics R. Hoogenboom, W. Gunther and 214 (14) 1636-1649 U.S. Schubert

42 U. Mansfeld, S. Hoeppener, K. Kempe, #738: Tailored water-based materials Synthesis of enantiopure homo and copolymers J.M. Schumers, J.F. Gohy and U.S. Schubert assembled from sponge-like building by raft polymerization and investigation of Tuning the morphology of triblock terpoly blocks their enantioselective lipase-catalyzed (2-oxazoline)s containing a 2-phenyl-2- esterification oxazoline block with varying fluorine content #739: Melt processable Bio-based Aromatic Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Soft Matter 9 (25) 5966-5974 Polymers Chemistry 51 (1) 84-93

K. Knop, G.M. Pavlov, T. Rudolph, K. Martin, #740: Enzymatic catalysis for the production Y. Wang, Y. Gao, H. Wyss, P. Anderson and D. Pretzel, B.O. Jahn, D.H. Scharf, of biobased monomers and polymers based J. den Toonder A.A. Brakhage, V. Makarov, U. Mollmann, upon them Out of the cleanroom, self-assembled F.H. Schacher and U.S. Schubert magnetic artificial cilia Amphiphilic star-shaped block copolymers Lab on a Chip 13 (17) 3360-3366 as unimolecular drug delivery systems: Theses investigations using a novel fungicide B. Yeniad, H. Naik, C.E. Koning and A. Heise Soft Matter 9 (3) 715-726 Silvia van Kempen Enantioselective Enzymatic Modification of Molecular assembly, interfacial rheology and Chiral Block Copolymers foaming properties of oligofructose fatty acid Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Filed patent application esters 214 (5) 556-562

#620: S. Wünscher, J. Perelaer, A. Teichler, Yogesh Deshmukh S.E.H.J. van Kempen, H.A. Schols, U.S. Schubert Influence on hydrogen bonding efficiency of E. van der Linden and L.M.C. Sagis Induction Flash Sintering by Microwave structural modification Non-linear surface dilatational rheology as a Radiation tool for understanding microstructures of air/ water interfaces stabilized by oligofructose Scientific publications fatty acid esters Reported inventions Soft Matter 9 (40) 9579-9592 C. von der Ehe, J.A. Czaplewska, #668: F. Kretschmer, S. Hoeppener, M. Gottschaldt and U.S. Schubert Y.S. Deshmukh, R. Graf, M.R. Hansen and U.S. Schubert Synthesis of thermoresponsive glycopolymers S. Rastogi High speed, microwave-induced metal nano­ via ATRP of N-isopropylacrylamide and Dissolution and Crystallization of Polyamides particle formation in low melting materials N-allylacrylamide and subsequent thiol-ene in Superheated Water and Concentrated Ionic reaction Solutions #729: B. Steinhoff, U.S. Schubert European Polymer Journal 49 (9) 2660-2669 Macromolecules 46 (17) 7086-7096 Multiple analysis by a flexible wellplate S.E.H.J. van Kempen, C.G. Boeriu, #730: A. Schallon, A.C. Rinkenauer, H.A. Schols, P. de Waard, E. van der Linden Filed patent applications L. Tauhardt, K. Kempe, U.S. Schubert and L.M.C. Sagis Effective transfection by novel drug carrier Novel surface-active oligofructose fatty acid #737: S. Thiyagarajan, R. Knoop, D. van Es polymers mono-esters by enzymatic esterification Biobased semi-crystalline polyesters (I) Food Chemistry 138 (2-3) 1884-1891 #737: S. Thiyagarajan, R. Knoop, D. van Es S.E.H.J. van Kempen, K. Maas, H.A. Schols, Biobased semi-crystalline polyesters (II) BIO-INSPIRED POLYMERS E. van der Linden and L.M.C. Sagis Interfacial properties of air/water interfaces #739: C.H.R.M. Wilsens, B.A.J. Noordover, stabilized by oligofructose palmitic acid S. Rastogi Projects esters in the presence of whey protein Bio-based liquid crystal polyesters isolate #686: Thermal Catch and Release Food Hydrocolloids 32 (1) 162-171 Reported inventions #687: Functionality of novel amphiphilic S.E.H.J. van Kempen, H.A. Schols, biomaterials synthesized by enzymatic E. van der Linden and L.M.C. Sagis #737: S. Thiyagarajan, R. Knoop, D. van Es linking of food polysaccharides, food proteins The Effect of Diesters and Lauric Acid on Biobased semi-crystalline polyesters (I) and fatty acids Rheological Properties of Air/Water Interfaces Stabilized by Oligofructose Lauric #737: S. Thiyagarajan, R. Knoop, D. van Es #688: Lessons from biomineralization: Acid Monoesters Biobased semi-crystalline polyesters (II) Self-Organizing and Mineralization-Directing Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Block Copolymers 61 (32) 7829-7837 #737: S. Thiyagarajan, R. Knoop, D. van Es Biobased semi-crystalline polyesters (III) #689: Bio-inspired hairy surfaces for C. Allolio, N. Salas-Illanes, Y.S. Desmukh, actuation or sensing, produced with roll-to- M.R. Hansen and D. Sebastiani #739: C.H.R.M. Wilsens, B.A.J. Noordover, roll technology H-Bonding Competition and Clustering in S. Rastogi Aqueous LiI Bio-based liquid crystal polyesters #737: Exploring novel biobased polymers Journal of Physical Chemistry B 117 (34) comprising furandicarboxylic acids, 9939-9946 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl 1,3-cyclobutanediol (CDBO) derivatives and substituted hydroxy B. Yeniad, N.O. Koklukaya, H. Naik, benzoic acids as biobased rigid monomers M.W.M. Fijten, C.E. Koning and A. Heise

43 S. Kouijzer, J.J. Michels, M. van den Berg, Thesis LARGE-AREA THIN-FILM ELECTRONICS V.S. Gevaerts, M. Turbiez, M.M. Wienk and R.A.J. Janssen Diego Wever Predicting Morphologies of Solution Synthesis and evaluation of novel linear and Projects Processed Polymer: Fullerene Blends branched polyacrylamides for enhanced oil Journal of the American Chemical Society recovery #640: Engineering the morphology of organic 135 (32) 12057-12067 (semi)-conductor layers B.J. Brasjen, H. Gu and A.A. Darhuber Scientific publications #659: Crosslinkable Semiconductors for Dewetting of thin liquid films on chemically Robust Polymer Electronics patterned substrates: front propagation D.A.Z. Wever, F. Picchioni and A.A. Broekhuis along narrow lyophobic stripes and stripe Branched polyacrylamides: Synthesis and #704: Forming processes in metal oxide arrays effect of molecular architecture on solution organic light-emitting diodes Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 14 (3-4) rheology 669-682 European Polymer Journal 49 (10) 3289-3301 #733: Solution processed multilayer polymeric light-emitting diodes J.J. van Franeker, W.P. Voorthuijzen, H. Gorter, D.A.Z. Wever, F. Picchioni and A.A. Broekhuis K.H. Hendriks, R.A.J. Janssen, A. Hadipour, Comblike Polyacrylamides as Flooding Agent #734: Predictive processing of polymer: R. Andriessen and Y. Galagan in Enhanced Oil Recovery fullerene solar cells All-solution-processed organic solar cells Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research with conventional architecture 52 (46) 16352-16363 #735: Solution-processable low-temperature Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 117 oxide semiconductors for large-area electronics 267-272 D.A.Z. Wever, L.M. Polgar, M.C.A. Stuart, F. Picchioni and A.A. Broekhuis #741: Inkjet Printing of Suspensions Polymer Molecular Architecture As a Tool Filed patent application for Controlling the Rheological Properties of #748: Organic semiconductors blended into Aqueous Polyacrylamide Solutions for a crosslinkable insulator: Separating pro­ #734: J.J. van Franeker, X. Lou, M.M. Wienk, Enhanced Oil Recovery cessability from optoelectronic functionality R.A.J. Janssen Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research Process for preparing novel polymeric solar 52 (47) 16993-17005 #752: Looking down the rabbit hole: impact cells of porosity in the (in)organic layers on the D.A.Z. Weyer, E. Riemsma, F. Picchioni and performance of moisture permeation A.A. Broekhuis multi-layer barriers Reported inventions Comb-like thermoresponsive polymeric materials: Synthesis and effect of macro­ #704: B.F. Bory; S.C.J. Meskers molecular structure on solution properties Thesis Novel LED’s: Light Emitting Alkali Halides Polymer 54 (21) 5456-5466

Mingtao Lu #734: J.J. van Franeker, X. Lou, M.M. Wienk, Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with Doped R.A.J. Janssen Charge Transport Layers Process for preparing novel polymeric solar EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES cells

Scientific publications #735: Y-H. Lin, T. Anthopoulos Project Reliable and reproducible low temperature Y.H. Lin, H. Faber, K. Zhao, Q.X. Wang, processing of multilayer inorganic oxide #761: Reactive Liquid Crystal Oligomers as A. Amassian, M. McLachlan and TFT’s Precursors Towards Composite Resins T.D. Anthopoulos High-Performance ZnO Transistors Processed Via an Aqueous Carbon-Free Metal Oxide Precursor Route at Temperatures ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY CORPORATE RESEARCH Between 80-180 degrees C Advanced Materials 25 (34) 4689-4689 Projects Projects Q. Chen, H.L. Gomes, P.R.F. Rocha, D.M. de Leeuw and S.C.J. Meskers #716: Design of new chemical products #598: Application of time resolved X-ray Reversible post-breakdown conduction in (polymers and amphiphilics) for EOR diffraction techniques for study on structural aluminum oxide-polymer capacitors and morphological changes during Applied Physics Letters 102 (15) #736: Relating Polymer Rheology to Apparent polymerization and processing Viscosity in Poreus Media P.R.F. Rocha, A. Kiazadeh, D.M. De Leeuw, #615: 3-D tomographic reconstruction of S.C.J. Meskers, F. Verbakel, D.M. Taylor and #778: Strategies towards industrial local morphology and properties of polymer H.L. Gomes production of new (branched) polyacrylamide systems with nanometric resolutions by The role of internal structure in the anomalous structures for EOR means of TEM and AFM switching dynamics of metal-oxide/polymer resistive random access memories #693: Elastin-Functionalized Silica Particles Journal of Applied Physics 113 (13)

44 #694: Modelling of draw resonance and Fiber spinning under filament pull-out Journal of the American Chemical Society related instabilities in polymer processes conditions 135 (30) 10922-10925

#695: Optical microscopy for nanoscale Chrysostomos Batistakis D.Q. Liu, C.W.M. Bastiaansen, imaging Molecular simulations of confined ultrathin J.M.J. den Toonder and D.J. Broer polymer films: structure, dynamics and me- (Photo-)Thermally Induced Formation of #698: Designer Polypeptides for Self- chanical behavior Dynamic Surface Topographies in Polymer Assembled Delivery Vehicles Hydrogel Networks Marta Dobrowolska Langmuir 29 (18) 5622-5629 #699: Artificial flagella: Nature-inspired The Stabilizer-Free Emulsion Polymerization micro-object manipulation using responsive I. Vukovic, H. Friedrich, D.H. Merino, polymers Danqing Liu G. Portale, G. ten Brinke and K. Loos Responsive surface topographies Shear-Induced Orientation of Gyroid #700: The Ultimate Stabilizer-Free Emulsion PS-b-P4VP(PDP) Supramolecules Polymerization Macromolecular Rapid Communications 34 Scientific publications (15) 1208-1212 #701: Understanding the visco-elasticy of elastomer-based nanocomposites J. Ciric and K. Loos B. McCulloch, G. Portale, W. Bras, J.A. Pople, Synthesis of branched polysaccharides with A. Hexemer and R.A. Segalman #715: Novel Polyimide Architectures: tunable degree of branching Dynamics of Magnetic Alignment in Rod-Coil Towards Membranes with Tunable Transport Carbohydrate Polymers 93 (1) 31-37 Block Copolymers Properties Macromolecules 46 (11) 4462-4471 L.Y. Yu, X.R. Li, E. Pavlica, F.P.V. Koch, #717: All-aromatic heterocyclic liquid crystal G. Portale, I. da Silva, M.A. Loth, J.E. Anthony, S. Naderi and P. van der Schoot polymers for photovoltaic applications P. Smith, G. Bratina, B.K.C. Kjellander, Collective stringlike motion of semiflexible C.W.M. Bastiaansen, D.J. Broer, G.H. Gelinck filamentous particles in columnar liquid #727a: Improved characterization and N. Stingelin crystalline phases techniques for branched polymers Influence of Solid-State Microstructure Physical Review E 88 (3) on the Electronic Performance of 5,11- #727b: (Oligo)cellulose by enzymatic Bis(triethylsilylethynyl) Anthradithiophene S. Naderi, E. Pouget, P. Ballesta, P. van der polymerisation Chemistry of Materials 25 (9) 1823-1828 Schoot, M.P. Lettinga and E. Grelet Fractional Hoppinglike Motion in Columnar #727c: Polymers go even greener J.E. Stumpel, D.Q. Liu, D.J. Broer and Mesophases of Semiflexible Rodlike Particles A.P.H.J. Schenning Physical Review Letters 111 (3) BRM Photoswitchable Hydrogel Surface Topo­ Multi-scale structure and mechanics of graphies by Polymerisation-Induced Diffusion M.L. Petrus, R.K.M. Bouwer, U. Lafont, collagenous materials Chemistry-a European Journal 19 (33) D.H.K. Murthy, R.J.P. Kist, M.L. Bohm, 10922-10927 Y. Olivier, T.J. Savenije, L.D.A. Siebbeles, Structure and evolution of high-density N.C. Greenham and T.J. Dingemans protein systems E.G. Dere, H. Sharma, R.M. Huizenga, Conjugated poly(azomethine)s via simple one- G. Portale, W. Bras, V. Bliznuk, J. Sietsma and step polycondensation chemistry: synthesis, Unraveling the lipid-amylose inclusion S.E. Offerman thermal and optoelectronic properties complex formation Formation of (Fe,Cr) carbides and dislocation Polymer Chemistry 4 (15) 4182-4191 structures in low-chromium steel studied in Multiple protein glass transitions at low situ using synchrotron radiation D.Q. Liu, C.W.M. Bastiaansen, water content Journal of Applied Crystallography 46 (1) J.M.J. den Toonder and D.J. Broer 181-192 Single-composition three-dimensionally Hybrid networks morphing hydrogels S. Naderi and P. van der Schoot Soft Matter 9 (2) 588-596 Cross-linked food proteins as hierarchical Size and boundary effects on the diffusive biopolymers behavior of elongated colloidal particles in a G. Portale, D. Cavallo, G.C. Alfonso, strongly confined dense dispersion D. Hermida-Merino, M. van Drongelen, VEC Journal of Chemical Physics 139 (13) L. Balzano, G.W.M. Peters, J.G.P. Goossens Electron microscopy and W. Bras C. Batistakis, M.A.J. Michels and A.V. Lyulin Polymer crystallization studies under Mesoscale deformation Glassy boundary layers vs enhanced mobility processing-relevant conditions at the SAXS/ in capped polymer films WAXS DUBBLE beamline at the ESRF Non-linear rheology I Journal of Chemical Physics 139 (2) Journal of Applied Crystallography 46 1681-1689 Non-linear rheology II D. Dasgupta, I.K. Shishmanova, A. Ruiz-Carretero, K.B. Lu, M. Verhoeven, M. van Drongelen, T. Meijer-Vissers, Theory-modelling H.P.C. van Kuringen, G. Portale, P. Leclere, D. Cavallo, G. Portale, G. Vanden Poel and C.W.M. Bastiaansen, D.J. Broer and R. Androsch A.P.H.J. Schenning Microfocus wide-angle X-ray scattering of Theses Patterned Silver Nanoparticles embedded polymers crystallized in a fast scanning chip in a Nanoporous Smectic Liquid Crystalline calorimeter Carina van der Walt Polymer Network Thermochimica Acta 563 33-37

45 D.M. Petrovic, K. Leenhouts, A.E.M. Wammes, M.J.E. Fischer, N.J. de Mol, Journal of Immunology 190 (7) 3740-3748 M.L. van Roosmalen and J. Broos M.B. van Eldijk, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, J.C.M. van Hest An expression system for the efficient and F.L. van Delft M. Manca, C. Piliego, E. Wang, M.R. Andersson, incorporation of an expanded set of Site-specific peptide and protein immobiliza- A. Mura and M.A. Loi tryptophan analogues tion on surface plasmon resonance chips via Tracing charge transfer states in Amino Acids 44 (5) 1329-1336 strain-promoted cycloaddition polymer:fullerene bulk-heterojunctions Lab on a Chip 13 (10) 1863-1867 Journal of Materials Chemistry A 1 (25) M.B. van Eldijk, I. van Leeuwen, 7321-7325 V.A. Mikhailov, L. Neijenhuis, H.R. Harhangi, C. Zhang, A. Hernandez-Garcia, K. Jiang, Z.Y. J.C.M. van Hest, M.S.M. Jetten, H.J.M.O. Gong, D. Guttula, S.Y. Ng, P.P. Malar, J.A. van E.M. Spiesz, A.G. Reisinger, W. Kaminsky, den Camp, C.V. Robinson and J. Mecinovic Kan, L. Dai, P.S. Doyle, R. de Vries and J.R.C. P. Roschger, D.H. Pahr and P.K. Zysset Evidence that the catenane form of CS2 van der Maarel Computational and experimental hydrolase is not an artefact Amplified stretch of bottlebrush-coated DNA methodology for site-matched investigations Chemical Communications 49 (71) 7770-7772 in nanofluidic channels of the influence of mineral mass fraction and Nucleic Acids Research 41 (20) collagen orientation on the axial indentation A. Cumurcu, J. Duvigneau, I.D. Lindsay, modulus of lamellar bone P.M. Schon and G.J. Vancso B.J. Kim, H.P. Zaveri, O.A. Shchelochkov, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Multimodal imaging of heterogeneous Z.Y. Yu, A. Hernandez-Garcia, M.L. Seymour, Biomedical Materials 28 195-205 polymers at the nanoscale by AFM and J.S. Oghalai, F.A. Pereira, D.W. Stockton, scanning near-field ellipsometric microscopy M.J. Justice, B. Lee and D.A. Scott M. Schleeger, C.C. vandenAkker, European Polymer Journal 49 (8) 1935-1942 An Allelic Series of Mice Reveals a Role for T. Deckert-Gaudig, V. Deckert, K.P. Velikov, RERE in the Development of Multiple Organs G. Koenderink and M. Bonn C. van der Walt, L. Malan, A.S. Uys and Affected in Chromosome 1p36 Deletions Amyloids: From molecular structure to N.T. Malan Plos One 8 (2) mechanical properties Low Grade Inflammation and ECG Left Polymer 54 (10) 2473-2488 Ventricular Hypertrophy in Urban African BRM Males: The SABPA Study M.D. Golinska, T.T.H. Pham, M.W.T. Werten, T.T.H. Pham, P.J. Skrzeszewska, Heart Lung and Circulation 22 (11) 924-929 F.A. de Wolf, M.A.C. Stuart and M.W.T. Werten, W.H. Rombouts, M.A.C. Stuart, J. van der Gucht F.A. de Wolf and J. van der Gucht M.E. Dobrowolska, J.H. van Esch and Fibril Formation by pH and Temperature Disulfide bond-stabilized physical gels of G.J.M. 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46 Delayed Capillary Breakup of Falling Viscous Jets Physical Review Letters 110 (14) DPI ...

A. Javadi, M. Habibi, F.S. Taheri, S. Moulinet and D. Bonn DPI is a foundation funded by Dutch industry, universities and the Effect of wetting on capillary pumping in government which was set up to perform exploratory research in microchannels the area of polymer materials. Scientific Reports 3

DPI operates at the interface of universities and industry, linking Reported invention the scientific skills of university research groups to the industrial need for innovation. #717: M.L. Petrus , T.J. Dingemans Novel organic solar cells by small molecules DPI carries out pre-competitive research projects to add value to the scientific community through scientific publications and to the industrial community through the creation of intellectual property. EXCHANGE PROGRAMME BRAZIL DPI provides a unique platform for generating awareness of new technology, in which participating industrial companies, Projects competitors in the market place, communicate on a pre- competitive basis to trigger innovation. #768: Silica nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets - a catalysts approach for DPI integrates the scientific disciplines and know-how of controlled polyolefin reactor intermixing universities into the ‘chain of knowledge’ needed to optimise the #769: High performance Stereocomplex of conditions for making breakthrough inventions and triggering Poly(lactic acid) SC-PLA industrial innovation.

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