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Reference Ii REFERENCE II Standard Samples For Bridge Inspection & Evaluation Capacity Enhancement in Road Maintenance in Vietnam TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 DAMAGES OF STEEL MEMBERS ............................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 3 DAMANGES OF CONCRETE MEMBER .................................................................. 44 CHAPTER 4 ANOTHER KIND OF DAMAGES ................................................................................ 96 CHAPTER 5 COMMON DAMAGES ................................................................................................ 127 Road Inspection Technology i Guideline for Road Facility Inspection_Ref.II Capacity Enhancement in Road Maintenance in Vietnam CHAPTER 1 GENERAL 1.1 CASES OF BRIDGE DAMAGE This chapter shows the cases of damages categorized item A to item E for 4 types of damages and 26 kinds of detailed damages stipulated by the new inspection manual as the inspection items, which shown in Table 1. Table-1. Kind of damages Damage of steel Damage of concrete Other damage Common damage member member Corrosion Crack Extra ordinary gap of Abnormality at anchorage part Crack Peeling, rebar exposure expansion joint Discolor or deterioration Loosen dropping Water leak, free lime Unevenness on road Water leak, stagnant water Rupture Falling surface Extraordinary noises and Deterioration of anti- Damages of materials to Abnormality on vibrations corrosion function reinforce concrete slab pavement Extra ordinary deformation or Floor slab cracks Bearing shoe sagging/deflection Floating malfunction Deformation and rupture Others (missing) Dumping of debris Settlement, movement tilting Scouring 1.2 CATEGORIZED ITEMS OF DAMAGE CASES A. Characteristic of general condition or Following “New inspection manual: Appendix-I Standard of damage damage evaluation” Item A shows example pictures appeared general condition or characteristics of damages in order to ensure the uniformity of inspection data by common understanding of damage. Following “New inspection manual: Appendix-I Standard of B. Relation of other damages damage evaluation” Item B shows example pictures about the points which are needed to record inspection data, because these damages may be related to other damages greatly. Following “New inspection manual: Appendix-I Standard of C. Other cautions damage evaluation” Item C shows example pictures about the cautions which are expected by the contents of damage records, the past case studies of damages etc.. This item is only shown in the contents of “①Corrosion”. Following “New inspection manual: Appendix-I Standard of D. Evaluation of damage level damage evaluation” Item D shows samples which have been evaluated based on the result of past inspections in accordance with the standard of damage evaluations, which had been stipulated by each kind of damage, as the reference of evaluation of damage level. Following “New inspection manual: Appendix-II Manual for E. Judgment for classification of measures judging measure classifications Item E shows the information of characteristic samples of damage for judging the classification of measures. Judgment of classification of measures will be decided by the inspector(s) based on his/her(their) technical knowledge or various own information through the result of past inspections. Therefore, Item E is shown for reference only because this can’t show the fact that how each case had been judged by inspector(s) actually. Attention: In example pictures in section of D or E, the sign, which are described in Table-11, is shown in column of member name. The content means kind of work, structure, material and kind of member from left. Road Inspection Technology 1 Guideline for Road Facility Inspection_Ref.II Capacity Enhancement in Road Maintenance in Vietnam CHAPTER 2 DAMAGES OF STEEL MEMBERS Damages 1. Corrosion 2. Crack 3. Loosen, lack dropping rupture 4. Breakage rapture 5. Anti-corrosion function deteriorate Road Inspection Technology 2 Guideline for Road Facility Inspection_Ref.II Capacity Enhancement in Road MaMaintenance in Vietnam Steel member Damaages 1. Corrosion 1/11 A. Characteristic of general condition or damage A normal steel which had coated by painting or plating is becoming rusty intensiivvely, or rust is deteriorating and cross section of member is being reduced by rusting and corroding extremely. Or in case of using weather resistance steel member, stable rusts don’t occur on its member instead of occurrriing extraordinary rusts, or cross section of member is being reduced extremely by rusting. Corrosions occur easily at the edge of main steel girder by leaking from superstructure, on the surface of horizontal upper member because of stagnant water, near a bearing shoe, in the part of connections not bbreathing or not draining well, on the surface of lower flange which dust and mud are accumulated easily and at the point of welding. P1. Corrosion concentrated P2. Weathering steel corrosion at concentrated portion P3. Corrosion at Galvanized Steel P4. Corrosion at Girder End or Bearing Shoe by water and debris Road Inspection Technology 3 Guideline for Rooad Facility Inspection_Ref.II Capacity Enhancement in Road MaMaintenance in Vietnam Steel member Damaages 1. Corrosion 2/11 B. Relations with other damages Basically, “Corrosion” is defined that cross section of steel member is being reduced by becoming rusty extremely. On the other hand, “Deterioration of anti-corrosion function” is defined that slight rusts are occurring without cross section loss. In case of being difficult to evaluate whether steel member is being lost itself or not by rusting, Inspectors shall evaluate the deterioration as “Corrosion”. There are some cases that Inspectors cannot evaluate whether anti-corrosion steell members are becoming rusty normally or abnormally because of partial rusts until occurring stable rusty.. In this case not losing itself, Inspectors shall evaluate the rusts as “detteriorations of presentational function”. In the case of evaluating bolts, Inspectorr shall also evaluate the deteriorations in aaccordance with above evaluation method. P5. Lack of Cross section P6. Slight corrosion no cross section damage P7. Uneven corrosion and lack of cross section aat P8. Uneven corrosion but no cross section damage weathering steel P9. Cross section damage at Bolts P10. Slight corrosion at Bolts Road Inspection Technology 4 Guideline for Rooad Facility Inspection_Ref.II Capacity Enhancement in Road MaMaintenance in Vietnam Steel member Damaages 1. Corrosion 3/11 C. Other check points Generally the anti-corrosion system is also damaged at the Corrosion portion It is necessary to check the cracks nearby welding portion when the corrosion generated. P11. Crack and corroded P12. Crack and corrosion at Galvanized steel P13. Crack and corrosion P14. Crack and lack of cross section with corrosion P15. Crack and lack of crosss section with corrosion Road Inspection Technology 5 Guideline for Rooad Facility Inspection_Ref.II Capacity Enhancement in Road Maintenance in Vietnam Steel member Damages 1. Corrosion 4/11 D. Evaluation of damage Evaluation of damage level shall be conducted based on the standard of damage evaluations for “Corrosion”. Basically, Evaluation of damage level is classified by the judgment of combination based on the general conditions between “depth of damage” and “damaged areas” (1) Damage Evaluation General condition Remark Depth Area a Không hư hỏng b Shallow Small c Shallow Large d Deep Small e Deep Large (2) General condition by causes a. Damage depth Depth General condition Deep Surface expansion or cross section lack Middle - Shallow Corroded at surface and no cross section lack b. Damage area Area General condition Large Whole surface of check area is corroded or several area corroded Small Corroded area is small and partially Road Inspection Technology 6 Guideline for Road Facility Inspection_Ref.II Capacity Enhancement in Road MaMaintenance in Vietnam Steel member Damaages 1. Corrosion 5/11 (2) Evaluation (1/2) Evaluation b No 1: Member Main girder No 2: Member Girder Remark: Depth: shallow Remark: Depth: shallow Area: small Area: small Evaluation c No 3: Member Girdeer No 4: Member Girder Remark: Depth: shallow Remark: Depth: shallow Area: large Area: large No 6: Member Bearing shhooe No 5: Member Cross beam Remark: Depth: shallow Remark: Depth: shallow Area: large Area: large Road Inspection Technology 7 Guideline for Rooad Facility Inspection_Ref.II Capacity Enhancement in Road MaMaintenance in Vietnam Steel member Damaages 1. Corrosion 6/11 (2) Evaluation (1/2) Evaluation d No 7: Member Girdeer No 8: Member Lower braccing Remark: Depth: deep Remark: Depth: deep Area: small Area: small Evaluation e No 9: Member Girdeer No 10: Member Lower bracing Remark: Depth: deep Remark: Depth: deep Area: large Area: large No 11: Member Bearing Shoe No 12: Member Bearing Shoe Remark: Depth: deep Remark: Depth: deep Area: large Area: large Road Inspection Technology 8 Guideline for Rooad Facility Inspection_Ref.II Capacity Enhancement in Road Maintenance in Vietnam Steel member Damages 1. Corrosion 7/11 E. Counter measure selection (1) General Repair work selection is made from necessity of member and progress of damages and corrosion condition, the evaluation of damage is made by member and located in principle. (2) Evaluation of corrosion Evaluation
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