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Home , Adamawa State, Maiha, Mubi North, Yola North

The Fund for Peace Conflict Bulletin:

January 2014

Yola has a larger population than , however, the number of incidents per capita LGA Level Summary was highest in /South. At the state level, according to Watch data, January 2012-June 2013 violence increased in Adamawa through 2012 then began to decline in the first half /South of 2013. Issues around the town of Yola included On May 16, 2013, President Goodluck violence along sectarian lines as well as Jonathan declared a in terrorist attacks. In January 2012, assailants three Nigerian states, including Adamawa, reportedly attacked a church and killed 12 because of spikes in violence and terrorist people. Also in January, alleged insurgents activity in the area attributed mainly to Boko killed four people in coordinated attacks on Haram. Recently, violence associated with bars and public drinking spots. In May of has been most severe in 2012, nine Igbo traders were killed in three ormed in 1991, the northeastern neighboring , causing thousands separate attacks, although these could not state of Adamawa is one of the of refugees to flee south into Adamawa. be directly attributed to insurgents. In largest states in Nigeria. It borders February 2013, 11 people died in sectarian to the east, Borno state to This Conflict Bulletin provides a brief fighting. the north, to the west, snapshot of the trends and patterns of and to the south. Its location conflict risk factors at the State and LGA Other shootings were attributed to armed makes it a key corridor between Borno, a levels, drawing on the data available on the robbers and other unidentified groups, hub of Boko Haram activity, and other P4P Digital Platform for Multi-Stakeholder including an attack in May 2012 that states. Its population of about 3.5 million Engagement (www.p4p-nigerdelta.org). The reportedly left 10 people dead. Several are mainly made up of farmers and cattle screenshot of the heat map shows the shootouts occurred between police and herders. The economy is predominately relative distribution of incidents from one armed robbers. In one case, the chief of a agriculture, although the state also has LGA to the next from 2012-2013. The trend- special police squad designed to combat some mineral wealth. Common crops line on the following page shows the armed robbery in the area was killed, include , , sorghum, , yams, number of incidents and fatalities over time. allegedly by insurgents. and . Cotton and groundnuts are The bar chart shows the trend of incidents also produced as cash crops. of insecurity by LGA per capita. The Further exacerbating demographic stress, in summaries draw on data collected by August 2012, flooding occurred after water Between January 2012 and June 2013, Yola ACLED, FFP’s UNLocK, the Council on was released from a dam across the border North/South Local Government Areas (LGA) Foreign Relations’ Nigeria Security Tracker, in Cameroon, causing temporary had the most incidents overall, closely WANEP Nigeria, CSS/ETH Zurich, and Nigeria displacement and upheaval. followed by Mubi North/South. Because Watch integrated on the P4P platform.

The graphic above is a Heat Map (screenshot) of Conflict Risk in Adamawa State 2012-2013 — www.p4p-nigerdelta.org.

www. fund for peace .org 1 The Fund for Peace Conflict Bulletin: Adamawa State

Conflict Risk Factors in Adamawa State* Reported Incidents of Insecurity Per Capita (by LGA) 140 120 Incidents 2012 H1 2012 H2 100 Fatalities 2013 H1 80 60 40 20 0

Better Larmude Worse Mubi Yola North/South North/South

* Using Nigeria Watch data (www.nigeriawatch.org) formatted to the P4P Web Map platform

(www.p4p-nigerdelta.org)

Mubi North/South following the December attack on the police be a reprisal killing by Fulani herdsmen for station, the porous border with Cameroon previous violence perpetuated against them Council on Foreign Relations and Nigeria was once again mentioned as problematic by the villagers. In addition to the killings, Watch data both suggest that violence in in allowing assailants to sneak into and out the May attack was also characterized by Mubi decreased in the early part of 2013. of the LGA with little to no detection. the looting and burning of farm produce Insurgents were believed responsible for and homes while animals were also many of the shootings in the two LGAs Madagali purportedly stolen. throughout this period, including an attack on an Igbo community in early 2012 that left As in the other LGAs, Madagali also suffered In October, following Friday prayer, IEDs 20 dead. In October and November 2012, throughout 2012 from attacks blamed on went off that were purportedly targeting the explosions in Mubi reportedly targeted Joint individuals and groups believed to be JTF, who were also involved in a shoot-out Task Force (JTF) patrols, killing at least 22 associated with Boko Haram. In particular, with unknown gunmen during the month. In people. In October 2012, dozens of 2012 saw at least three attacks on local addition, severe flooding during August students were killed in attacks connected to police stations, with one being burned to caused wide scale displacement and student union elections at the Federal the ground in December. In April 2013, an property damage when Cameroon opened Polytechnic. Insurgents were believed to attack on the village of Midlu left at least 11 a dam on across the border. Although many have been linked to all of these attacks. dead and several others injured in an parts of Adamawa experienced negative assault on the deputy governor’s home and affects from the flooding, Larmude Maiha surrounding residences. While initial reports appeared to be particularly hard hit, with almost a dozen deaths attributed to the blamed the attacks on Boko Haram, others disaster. Maiha also continued to experience high attribute the attack on lingering political levels of insecurity throughout the second tensions between the deputy governor and half of 2012 and the first half of 2013. In House speaker based on the last local Other LGAs December 2012, militants thought to be elections in which each were vying for the associated with Boko Haram attacked local PDP nomination, with the speaker Although LGA reported fewer government buildings including a police eventually securing the needed votes. incidents than others, it merits some station, killing a reported 30 and freeing at During the attack, the deputy governor’s discussion as the only LGA to show an least 35 prisoners. In addition, in May of daughter was also reported kidnapped, increase in violence in 2013. In February 2013 an attack on a church and village although she was later released unharmed. 2013, Fulani herders allegedly raided a farm, market left at least ten dead in the village of killing one man. Local farmers stormed the Jilang in Maiha. In a statement given after Larmude Fulani camp in retaliation, and killed ten. the attack, a police spokesperson noted that Although 2012 was mainly characterized by the assailants had likely utilized illegal Larmurde experienced steady levels of reported violent clashes between Fulani routes into the LGA from neighboring insecurity throughout 2012. In January and herders and local settlers, incidents of Cameroon, allowing them to also flee and May of 2012, attacks on villages killed up to violent attacks, shootings and killings avoid capture. In a similar statement 50 people. The May attack was reported to attributed to insurgency/counter-insurgency

www. fund for peace .org 2 The Fund for Peace Conflict Bulletin: Adamawa State

increased steadily throughout the first half Finally, Hong LGA deserves mention as students and injuring at least 15 others. In of 2013. In March, suspected militants throughout 2012, militants were very active June, bombs were discovered and stormed a town attacking a police station, a in the area and attacked several churches, dismantled at a police station and at a filing bank, and causing a jail break. About 30 opened fire at a student housing residence, station. In late 2012, the JTF reportedly fatalities were reported in all. During this and planted bombs targeting security discovered an insurgent bomb-making attack, reports cited the deliberate targeting forces. In January 2012, gunmen shot 17 facility while over 100 suspects were of civilians along with police and JTF people at a funeral apparently along ethno- arrested, mostly in connection with the personnel. religious lines. In October, alleged militants October attacks. attacked a student housing area, killing 48

FFP is committed to promoting sustainable One of the data sources The data used in this analysis was pulled human security around the world, and is utilized in the summary was from the integrated digital platform for the International Coordinating Partner on P4P, an initiative derived from the UNLocK network in NIgeria, a partnership multistakeholder engagement developed supported by PIND. FFP has been working with local civil society between The Fund for Peace and the Institute of Human Rights by Partners for Peace (P4P), an initiative in Nigeria to develop the UNLocK network since 2010. and Humanitatian Law (IHRHL). supported by PIND. For a deeper understanding of the conflict risk factors, visit www.p4p-nigerdelta.org.

www. fund for peace .org 3 The Fund for Peace